流水句(讲稿)

流水句

吕叔湘：汉语口语里特多流水句，一个小句接一个小句，很多地方可断可连。胡明扬：对流水句做了研究，指出流水句不仅出现在汉语口语中，文学作品中也有很多流水句；将流水句界定为“一种在非句中句段出现句中语调，语义练习比较松散，似断还连的无关联词语复句”。

徐思益：虽然流水句充分体现了汉语意合的特点，而其“语义表达仍有深层次的严谨的语法关系，要受逻辑语义结构、语词组合和语境三大原则的制约”。

由此可见，汉语流水句主要靠意合法构句，是各句段之间很少或没有关联词的一种复句，各复句、各句段间的关系主要通过逻辑或事理顺序来表明。

句子翻译

1.我买了五本书,这五本书共花了我70元,我拿回家一看,都是半新不旧的.

2.我到了好几个旅馆,都说没有。一猜你准在这儿。

3.都说这本书好，可我怎么一点也不觉得咋样，都把我给看腻味了。

4.今天是星期天，闲着也是闲着，就去逛逛街吧。

5.他还说我表扬不得，一表扬就翘尾巴，净给我吃辣的。

6.微风起来，吹动她的短发，确乎比去年白多了。

7.她的话不多，见人总是笑嘻嘻的。

8.去吧，爸爸知道了肯定要生气，不去吧，心里又不安。

Answers:

1. I bought five books which cost me seventy yuan. But when I took them back home,

I found they were just in half new.

2. I’ve been searching several inns for you, but I couldn’t find you. I suppose you must be staying here.

3. It is said that the book is worth reading, but I don’t appreciate it at all, and I have been fed up with it.

4. It is Sunday. Since we are free, we might as well go shopping.

5. He said that I would be complacent once I was praised. Therefore he would find faults with me.

6. when a breeze blows, she reveals much more gray hairs than last year.

7. She was a person of few words, but she would wear a bright smile whenever she greeted others.

8. If I go there, Dad will be angry when he knows about it. But if I don’t, I’ll upset. 1. 紫鹃答应着，忙出来换了一个痰盆儿，将手里的这个盆儿放在桌子上，开了套间门出来，仍旧带上门，放下散花软帘，出来叫醒雪雁。

译文1：Zijuan was answering and hurried out to change spittoon and put the spittoon in her hand on the table and opened the door of inner room to go out, still closed it, let down the flowered portiere and went to wake Xueyan.

译文2：Zijuan, assenting, hurried out to fetch a clean spittoon, placing the used one on the table in the outer room. Having closed the door behind her, she let down the soft flower portiere before going to wake Xueyan.

2. 在中国要是没有汽车，生活是难以想象的，可是没有多少年以前，人们还把汽车堪称奢侈品，很多人都买不起。然而现在，成了主要的交通工具。

It is hard to imagine what life would be like in China without cars. Yet it was not many years ago that a car was considered a luxury, beyond the reach of many people.

However, it has become a main source of transportation.

3. 该厂能生产大衣、西装、时装(fashions)、衬衫、毛衣等不同类型服装用的上千个花色品种的钮扣，产品规格齐全，品种繁多，造型新颖。

The factory can produce various types of buttons in thousands of designs for coats, suits, fashions, shirts and sweaters.

Cf.: The factory can produce but tons in thousands of different designs for coats, suit s, fashion, shirt s and sweaters. The products are complete in specifications, rich in variety and fashionable in style.

曾在中央编译局工作的外国专家琼• 平卡姆指出 ,在中式英语(Chinglish)中 ,有很多不必要的名词 ,因为它们的意义在前面的形容词或句中的其他修饰语中已经体现出来 ,因而在英语中是冗余的( redundant ) 。句中“规格” 、“品种” 和“造型” 已暗含在形容词修饰语“齐全” 、“繁多” 和“新颖” 中 ,所以译文 1 显得拖沓累赘 ,译文 2 只用“various new types” 简单明了 ,也符合广告语言简洁的特点。

译文评估

Cuckooes is a kind of grayish-brown birds without beautiful feather. They are aggressive and cruel toward other creatures.

They don’t have nests or hatch their eggs. In/ During breeding season, they lay their eggs into the orioles’s nest, letting the orioles instead them to feed the baby cuckooes, which are larger than baby orioles and even larger than mother orioles when they grow up. After their breaking out of the eggs, the baby cuckooes would push the baby orioles out of the nest, leaving the baby orioles starving and chilling to death. The orioles bring up the baby cuckoo which is bigger than themselves laboriously, without knowing they are cheated by cuckoos. It is annoying, miserable to see such a scene.

篇章翻译

得病以前，我受父母宠爱，在家中横行霸道 1 ，一旦隔离，拘禁在花园山坡上一幢小房子里 2 ，我顿感打入冷宫 3 ，十分郁郁不得志起来 4 。一个春天的傍晚，园中百花怒放 5 ，父母在园中设宴，一时宾客云集，笑语四溢 6 。我在山坡的小屋里，悄悄掀起窗帘，窥见园中大千世界，一片繁华7 ，自己的哥姐、堂表弟兄8 ，也穿插其间，个个喜气洋洋9 。一霎时，一阵被人摒弃，为世所遗的悲愤兜上心头10 ，禁不住痛哭起来。

译析

1、得病以前，我受父母宠爱，在家中横行霸道。

学译1：Before the illness, I was much petted by parents, doing everything at will in the home.

学译2：Before I became ill, I have received all the favor of my parents, just like a little tyrant at home.

参考译文：Before I fell ill, I had been the bully under our roofs owing to my doting parents.

2、一旦隔离，拘禁在花园山坡上一幢小房子里，我顿感打入冷宫，十分郁郁不