GMAT长难句讲解分析(图解版)
GMAT阅读长句分析
GMAT阅读长句分析GMAT阅读难度相对来说比GRE要低,一般在备考过程中都建议考生使用GRE阅读题进行练习。
这两种考试中阅读都多见句子结构复杂难懂的长句,如果读惯了GRE阅读中的长句再回头看GMAT阅读中的句子会觉得比较轻松。
GMAT阅读考查重点不在词汇上,而是句子结构和句与句、段与段之间的逻辑关系。
GMAT阅读考查重点不在词汇上,而是句子结构和句与句、段与段之间的逻辑关系。
其中复杂修饰成分是干扰考生选择答案的很大障碍,非常浪费时间,容易造成理解上的偏差,打断阅读思路。
在阅读过程中,如果能将这些复杂修饰成分进行调整、删减、压缩,使之变得简单,阅读速度和准确率都会有所提高的。
从广义上来说,从句、分词、不定式、插入语、介词短语等都可以看作GMAT阅读的复杂修饰成分,带有这些复杂修饰成分的句子都比较长,读起来拗口。
在遇到这类句子时,我们不必细细梳理,而要先抓住句子主干。
有些成分根本就对我们做题没有任何影响,倘若浪费太多时间去分析句子的某一处,岂不是浪费宝贵时间!这实际上就是一个去粗取精,去伪存真的过程。
1.首先,我们要明确长句究竟在哪里断开,找到有用的,抛弃无用的。
先来看看下面这个句子:Eveninthebestofcircumstances,fiercepetitionfromlarger,moree stablishedpaniesmakesitdifficultforsmallconcernstobroadenth eircustomerbases:whensuchfirmshavenearlyguaranteedordersfromasinglecorporatebenefactor,theymaytrulyhavetostruggleagain stplacencyarisingfromtheircurrentsuess.考试大论坛2.在阅读时要注意辨别这些复杂修饰成分,找出真正的主语和谓语。
出国考试:搞定GMAT阅读长难句
出国考试:搞定GMAT阅读长难句出国考试:搞定GMAT阅读长难句 长难句可谓是gmat考试的⼀⼤难,不仅仅是出现在GMAT阅读考试中,⽽且在GMAT语法、逻辑中都有涉猎,如果考⽣不能巧妙应对,就会影响⾃⼰对GMAT阅读题的理解,不能获得理想的成绩。
那应该如何搞定GMAT阅读长难句呢,看应届毕业⽣⽹为⼤家讲解⼀下。
⼀、什么是GMAT阅读长难句 GMAT长难句并不是⼀开始就有的,⽽是GMAT考试的出题⽅根据GMAT的考试要求对原材料进⾏了⼤量的压缩和筛选。
GMAT阅读的题源⼤多是从英语国家的科学杂志上发表的学术论⽂中筛查出来的',然后根据考试需要对进⾏删减,有时可能⼀段甚⾄⼏段的内容被压缩成⼀句话。
所以我们见到的GMAT阅读⽂章其实是已经被专家改的“⾯⽬全⾮”的成品了。
GMAT长难句难度相对来说⽐gre要低,⼀般在备考过程中都建议考⽣使⽤GRE进⾏练习。
这两种考试中阅读都多见GMAT长难句复杂难懂的长句,如果读惯了GRE的长句再回头看GMAT中的长难句会觉得⽐较轻松。
⼆、GMAT长难句的分类 GMAT阅读题中长难句虽然成分复杂,但仔细分析就会发现⾥⾯有⼀定的规律可循。
根据这些规律,考⽣把GMAT长难句分为以下⼏类: 1. 复杂修饰类 即句⼦中出现多重的修饰词,并且往往包含不⽌⼀个从句类型,使得句⼦结构变得复杂难懂。
2. 倒装搭配类 通常是为了避免出现“头重脚轻“颠倒句⼦结构,使⽤倒装句表达。
或者是固定词组的固定搭配中出现的倒装情况,如:bring A to B,写作:bring to B A。
3. 省略句⼦成分类 为避免重复对句⼦成分进⾏删减,如让步转折的省略: although (but)或定语从句引导词的省略。
4. 多重否定类 即使⽤多重否定使句⼦意思变得复杂难懂,很容易迷惑考⽣。
三、GMAT长难句的应对技巧 ⼴义上来说,从句、分词、不定式、插⼊语、介词短语等都可以看作GMAT阅读长难句的复杂修饰成分,这些句⼦读起来拗⼝,理解起来也很费劲。
趴趴GMAT长难句1
4. Between the early 1840s and the 1860s, the mounting agrarian discontent in America paralleled the almost uninterrupted decline in the prices of American agricultural products on foreign markets.
2. The amount of energy that can be produced anaerobically is a function of the amount of glycogen present—in all vertebrates about 0.5 percent of their muscles’ wet weight.
23. Ancient Greek descriptions of those societies were meant not so much to represent observed historical fact—real Amazonian societies—but rather to offer “moral lessons” on the supposed outcome of women’s rule in their own society.
GMAT 语法--100个长难句分析
∙英语100个长难句分析(一)∙ 1. The American economic system is, organized around a basically private-enterprise, market- oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most.[参考译文] 美国的经济是以基本的私有企业和市场导向经济为架构的,在这种经济中,消费者很大程度上通过在市场上为那些他们最想要的货品和服务付费来决定什么应该被制造出来。
2. Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.[参考译文] 因此,在美国的经济体系中,个体消费者的需求与商人试图最大化其利润的欲望和个人想最大化其收入效用的欲望相结合,一起决定了什么应该被制造,以及资源如何被用来制造它们。
3. If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product.[参考译文] 另一方面,如果大量制造某种商品导致其成本下降,那么这就有可能增加卖方和制造商能提供的供给,而这也就会反过来降低价格并允许更多的消费者购买产品。
GMAT阅读长难句5大基本句型解析
GMAT阅读长难句5大基本句型解析在整个GMAT考试中,GMAT阅读被人们认为是比较难拿到分数的题型,这很大程度上是因为GMAT阅读中大量存在的复杂长难句。
下面小编就为大家整理了GMAT阅读的5大基本长难句句型,希望可以帮助大家提高GMAT阅读成绩。
第一种句型:主语+谓语这种句型是所有句子中最短的。
中有2个部分,下面大家就根据例子来看看:Many plants and trees disappeared abruptly during the period. (在这段时期许多动植物都突然消失了,在本句话中,plants 和animals做主语成分,disappear是不及物动词,做谓语,而during that period则做的是状语)。
再比如:Many millions of years after ferns evolved, another kind of flora evolved on Earth.(蕨类植物进化几百万年之后,地球上又出现了另外一种植物群。
)第二种句型:主语+谓语+宾语这是一种常见的句型,一般句子构成就是由这三部分组成。
通过例子大家来分析一下这类句型的结构:Yet the most fundamental standard of historical periodization conceals a host of paradoxes.(然而这项历史周期中最基础的标志性事件却隐藏着一系列的矛盾中。
主语为standard,而the most fundamental是形容词做前置定语,修饰standard,of historical periodization是介宾结构做后置定语,限制standard。
Conceal隐藏,做谓语成分,paradoxes矛盾为宾语)。
下边这句话也是出自GMAT阅读文章,In 1929 the United States motion picture industry released more than 300 sound films --- a rough figure. (一个粗略的统计表明,1929年美国的电影产业放出了300部有声电影。
GRE_GMAT长难句浅析课件word版
GRE/GMAT 长难句浅析已经超越了语言的层面,这是一个心理问题这是对于我们习惯的颠覆几个原则:端正心态,这是你必须具备的英语实战技能利用语法、不靠语法、淡化语法;其实语法你知道,不要装作不知道如果你还停留在翻译层面,你会很痛苦打死都不准回读!从左往右到底!傻瓜化(感觉化)、方向化、图像化、意群化什么是意群?几个不同的词在一起表示一个意思一目N个,眼比心快与能力无关,是习惯习惯=练习我们分析长难句的目标是什么?英语的句子结构其实很简单:1. 主谓宾2. 主系表主谓宾,即:谁—做—什么,例如:羊吃草主系表,即:谁—是—什么,例如:羊很可爱所以,我们分析长难句的目标只有一个:找主干!找动词(Verb)为什么要找动词?一句一动词!请永远记住,我们应该寻找的是:(1)Be动词的任意变化形式和(2)所有那些我们一看就知道是动词的动词的最纯粹的一般式及过去式形式说白了,我要找的是:am、is、are、do、does、did唯一需要多做一步判断的就是去辨别那个过去式是否以分词形式作定语!分出主句动词和从句动词方法:顺动词往前,仿佛若有引导词,则此为从动;反之,则为主动。
几种处理从句永远从属于,地位低,能不看就不看除主语从句,其他都可以做“一坨”处理从句套从句:先来后到,先为大以主句动词两分,前翻前,后翻后几种处理动词后面的从句往后扔,名词后面的从句往前扔特殊疑问词出现在句子中间,如果所在那句不是问句,一般就是引导词了of 处理为“属于”;to 处理为“去”一开始要在纸上边读边记录,后期最好练成“心读”几种处理连词and,but,or很关键It is (done)和There be插入语的不要特殊标点:破折号,逗号,冒号,引号等几种处理平衡结构:not only…but also…not…but…no more/longer/less…thanas…asnot so …as…whether…or…实战!弄他!The problem of how health-care resources should be allocated or apportioned, so that they are distributed in both the most just and most efficient way, is not a new one.Animals at play often use unique signs—tail-wagging in dogs, for example—to indicate that activity superficially resembling adult behavior is not really in earnest.Breeding seasons in animals such as birds have evolved to occupy the part of the year in which offspring have the greatest chances of survival.It therefore becomes more and more important that, if students are not to waste their opportunities, there will have to be much more detailed information about courses and more advice.Experts are debating whether we should burden young children with mental computation, or encourage the use of calculators to relieve children of hard work and free their minds to understand math concepts.It is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training.Not only did it solve a problem that had intrigued man for ages, but, more importantly, it literally opened the door to exploration of the universe.Nevertheless, researchers of the Pleistocene epoch have developed all sorts of more or less fanciful model schemes of how they would have arranged the Ice Age had they been in charge of events.Moreover, those economists who argue that allowing the free market to operate without interference is the most efficient method of establishing prices have not considered the economies of non-socialist countries other than the United States.In order to understand the natur e of the ecologist’s investigation, we may think of the density-dependent effects on growth parameters as the “signal” ecologists are trying to isolate and interpret, one that tends to make the population increase from relatively low values or decrease from relatively high ones, while the density-independent effects act to produce “noise” in the population dynamics.Calculations of density of alloys based on Bernal-type models of the alloys metal component agreed fairly well with the experimentally determined values from measurements on alloys consisting of a noble metal together with a metalloid, such as alloys of palladium and silicon, or alloys consisting of iron, phosphorus, and carbon, although small discrepancies remained.Islam, on the other hand, represented a radical breakaway from the Arab paganism that preceded it; Islamic law is the result of an examination, from a religious angle, of legal subject matter that was far from uniform, comprising as it did the various components of the laws of pre-Islamic Arabia ad numerous legal elements taken over from the non-Arab peoples of the conquered territories.。
GMAT强化阅读长难句解析
GMAT阅读赵洪波GMAT阅读长难句解析第一类:复杂修饰成分•从句(主语从句、宾语从句、定语从句、状语从句、同位语从句)•介词短语•分词修饰•不定式修饰•The methods that a community devises to perpetuate itself come into being to preserve aspects of the cultural legacy that that community perceives as essential. •主语:The methods•谓语:come into being•to preserve aspects of the cultural legacy •动词不定式引导目的状语•一个社会设计出来保存自己的方法得以形成,来保持那个社会认为是最重要的文化遗产的一些方面。
第二类大段的插入语和同位语•But a great book, (rich in ideas and beauty), (a book that rises and tries to answer great fundamental questions),demands the most active reading of which you are capable.•但是一本富于思想和美感的伟大的书能够提出并试图回答一些伟大的根本问题。
这样的书需要你尽最大所能来积极阅读。
第三类倒装•由于应该放在句首的成分太长,因此倒装到句末。
•The sex ratio will be favored which maximizes the number of descendants an individual will have and hence the number of gene copies transmitted.•The sex ratio which maximizes the number of descendants an individual will have and hence the number of gene copies transmitted will be favored.•那种性别比例能在最大程度上增加一个个体所能拥有的后代数量,并因此能最大程度上增加所遗传到后代身上去的基因复制品的数量。
GMAT阅读长难句解析(10,69)
GMAT阅读长难句解析(10/69)杨鹏长难句最大的好处就是它不仅仅有翻译,还有句子类型分类,详细的句子分析和意群训练。
所以前期在做题的时候最好严格按照老师教的方法,循序渐进,千万不要为了追求速度而囫囵吞枣,不求甚解,接下来小编就GMAT阅读长难句解析为大家介绍下,希望考生能够掌握,顺利备考GMAT 阅读考试。
010Consequently, nothing seems good or normal that does not accord with the requirements of the free market.请思考:Please read between lines. What does the author really mean?难句类型:倒装+双重否定(正话反说) 难度:4 +标志:Consequently, nothing seems good or normal (|that| does not accord with the re- cfuirements of the free market).译文:因此,没有任何(不符合自由市场要求的)东西看上去是好的或正常的。
解释:又是一句似易实难的句子。
本句的主语nothing的定语从句被倒装到了句末,是因为如果按照正常语序nothing ( that does not accord with the requirements of the free market) seems good or normal 显得头重脚轻。
除此之外,本句由于使用了双重否定,句子的意思也不像看起来那么简单。
字面上的“没有任何(不符合自由市场要求的)东西看上去是好的或正常的”对读者来讲没有确实的意义,读者一定要理解到实际上作者想说的是“只有符合自由市场的东西才有可能是好的或是正常的”。
意群训练:Consequently,nothing seems good or normal that does not accord with the requirements of the free market.。
【gmat长难句读法】例句分析
【GMAT长难句读法】例句分析.txt你看得见我打在屏幕上的字,却看不到我掉在键盘上的泪!自己选择45°仰视别人,就休怪他人135°俯视着看你。
第二章 深入篇看了上一章,相信你已经知道怎样可以读懂一个难句了,但是难句有很多种,不同的难句要有不同的读法,这样才能在最短的时间内,最快速, 最准确的读懂一个很难的句子。
笔者认为读难句有三种境界:一. 认识,所以知道; 二. 不认识,但是知道; 三. 认识,但是不知道。
下面我们就一起来进入读难句的三个境界。
一. 认识句子中的单词,所以知道句子的意思。
认识句子中的单词,所以知道句子的意思,这是读句子的第一个境界。
这种句子可能是我们平时生活中常见的,或者句子是讲某一专业的方面,但句子中的单词并没有达到某种深度,所以我们可以大概认识句子中的所有单词。
句子的结构也不是特别复杂,所以认识句子的单词基本可以知道句子的意思。
读这种难句,相对来讲是比较容易的,只要按照我们前面介绍过的方法读句子就可以了,注意忘记语法,不理会复杂的句子形式,只看句子的内容,也就是按英文顺序排列的中文即可。
下面例句有些人名地名仍然保留原样,因为对我们理解句子意思并不产生影响,这样的句子已经接近读句子的第二个境界了。
1.While Jackie Robinson was a Brooklyn Dodger, his courage in the face of physical threats and verbal attacks was not unlike that of Rosa Parks, who refused to move to the back of a bus in Montgomery, Alabama.#当Jackie Robinson 是一个Brooklyn Dodger时,他的勇气面对身体上的威胁和语言上的攻击,并不像Rosa Parks的那样,Rosa Parks拒绝移动到一辆汽车的后面在Montgomery, Alabama。
GMAT长难句分析PPT课件
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2
主语上的变化
在主语的中心语上嵌套一个定语从句或者同位 语从句;Subject=n+which/who/that
Eg: 2. Reports came into London Zoo that a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London.
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10
宾语的变化
宾语其他的变化可以类比主语上的变化。 Object=to do, ving, 另外,如果是表语还可以由介词短语
( prepositional phrase )直接充当。
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谓语或者整个句子
主+ 【状语】谓+宾 adv
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谓语或者整个句子
【前置状语】主+谓+宾 1. adv 2. to do, v-ing, v-pp 3. prepositional phrase
英语中的长难句
其实,再长的句子都可以回归为简单句。而 英语中最常见的简单句的类型就是:
主+谓+宾 主+系+表
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1
主语的变化
在主语的中心语上嵌套一个定语从句或者同 位语从句;Subject=n+which/who/that
Eg: 1. Students who go abroad for further study often should have the ability to live independently. 这个句子的主语中心语是students, 主语之 后是一个定语从句。
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谓语或者整个句子
主+谓+宾【后置状语】 1. 状语从句(时间,地点,原因,结果,转折,
GMAT阅读长难句解析(1,69)
GMAT阅读长难句解析(1/69)杨鹏长难句最大的好处就是它不仅仅有翻译,还有句子类型分类,详细的句子分析和意群训练。
所以前期在做题的时候最好严格按照老师教的方法,循序渐进,千万不要为了追求速度而囫囵吞枣,不求甚解,接下来小编就GMAT阅读长难句解析为大家介绍下,希望考生能够掌握,顺利备考GMAT 阅读考试。
001Civil rights activists have long argued that one of the principal reasons why Blacks, Hispanics, and other minority groups have difficulty establishing themselves in business is that they lack access to the sizable orders and subcontracts that are generated by large companies.难句类型:复杂修饰难度:4标志:Civil rights activists have long argued that one of the principal reasons ( why Blacks, Hispanics, and other minority groups have difficulty establishing themselves in business) is I that they lack ac cess [ to the sizable orders and subcontracts ( [that are generated by large companies)].译文:人权活动分子一直认为(黑人、拉美裔和其他少数族裔的美国人之所以难以在商界有所作为的)主要原因就是因为他们缺乏得到[大规模的订单和(大公司所产生的)分包合同的]違登。
GRE&GMAT阅读难句教程
TOEFL 群:243745114;GRE 群:243745709;GMAT :243745864GRE&GMAT 阅读难句教程
使用方法STEP ONE
了解长难句(阅读并思考杨鹏难句1-3章)
STEP TWO
初期接触长难句第四章GRE 部分前20句话好好看仔细看按照one 中体会到得去做并且好好看好杨鹏给的解释
至于语法除非自己有很大的兴趣我不推荐读我们要练习的是一个熟练度一个感觉一个惯性一个对高信息密度灌输的承受力而且那本书除了句子选取之外具体的分析意义不大!把这20句话透透彻彻让难句的融入我们大脑的阅读习惯中
STEP THREE
重新读1-3章继续体会
STEP FOUR
快速扫过剩下的109句以每天20-30句的速度不用细分析只要满足看懂,能体会到里面的调调就行
还有GMAT 部分的69句也这样做
STEP FIVE
重新读1-3章继续体会
STEP SIX
自此之后每天背完一个LIST 就10句早起和睡前也都是10句平时上没用的课的时候也把难句拿出来一句句看(熟练了的话基本上一节课就可以翻一遍)
日复一日
STEP SEVEN
每过一遍都要看1-3章一次
STEP EIGHT
if<>step nine
then go to step six:
else do step nine
STEP NINE
直到有一天你的书废了(前提是你不能折磨那本书)或者你已经烂记于心、倒背如流把看那些句子变成看起来自然而然很习惯的时候
就可以停了。
GMAT阅读难句分类解析
对很多GMAT考⽣来讲,往往会因看似复杂的句⼦结构感到焦急不安导致⽆法顺利读完整篇⽂章,还有很多考⽣往往受到中国式英语教育的影响,⽆法摆脱多年来形成的惯性思维,⼀看到英语句⼦,就会努⼒试图分析句⼦的英语结构,这两种做法⾛了两个极端,尤其在GMAT考试中,如果您是上述情况中任何⼀种,那您就是⾛⼊了⼀个阅读误区,看似繁杂的GMAT难句,不管是在阅读当中,还是在逻辑推理当中,其实很容易把握,只要我们稍加对这些长难句进⾏⼀下总结,就可发现⾥⾯的规律。
下⾯就让我们按照GMAT阅读难句的类型分别加以分析。
在GMAT考试中,出现频率较⼤的难句可分为三种类型:1、复杂修饰成分这种类型的句⼦看似难的原因就在于句⼦当中的修饰成分多⽽杂,这些修饰成分往往成了考⽣分析整个句⼦的障碍,其实只要按照意群⽅法并结合句⼦的句法结构去观察,您就会发现攻破这样的句⼦其实并不难,复杂修饰成分常常包括名词性从句,形容词性从句和副词性从句,介词修饰语,分词修饰结构和不定式修饰结构。
例句:The methods that a community devises to perpetuate itself come into being to preserve aspects of the cultural legacy that that community perceives as essential.译⽂:为使得⾃⾝永久存在,⼀个社会设计出种种⽅法⽤来保护其认为最重要的⽂化遗产的各个⽅⾯。
分析:在本句中存在⼏个复杂的修饰成分,且修饰成分中所加载的信息甚多,在分析此句时,我们不妨先将其按照主谓宾结构进⾏拆散:The methods[主语] come into being[谓语] [to preserve aspects of the cultural legacy that that community perceives as essential](不定式to引导⽬的状语),在让我们回到原句当中,“that a community to perpetuate itself”作为定语从句修饰The methods, 此处我们便可以⼀眼看出,这种⽅法是⼀个社会为使⾃⾝永久存在⽽设计出的⽅法。
GMAT难句详解1
1. That sex ratio will be favored which maximizes the number of descendants an individual will have and hence the number of gene copies transmitted. (难度系数5,下同) 译⽂:那种性别⽐例能在程度上增加⼀个个体所能拥有的后代数量,并因此能在程度上增加所传递到后代⾝上去的基因复制品的数量。
难句类型:倒装、省略 a 本句的正常语序应当是:That sex ratio which maximizes the number of descendnts an individuall will have and hence the number of gene copies transmited will be favored.但是因为主语That sex ratio之后的以which引导的修饰它的定语从句,如果按照以上语序,则有头重脚轻之感。
所以原⽂将此长长的从句倒装成谓语will be favored之后。
b在which引导的从句中,有两处省略:第⼀处在maximize的第⼀个宾语the number of descendants that an individuall will have中, an individuall will have是修饰descendants的定语从句,但是,因为descendants在从句中作have的宾语,所以引导词that可以省略。
第⼆处省略是在第⼆个the number of 之前,省略了与前⾯⼀样的成分that sex ratio which maximizes. And hence在此表⽰后⾯的成分作为前⾯“化⼀个个体的后代的数⽬的”结果。
意群训练:That sex ratio will be favored which maximizes the number of descendants an individual will have and hence the number of gene copies transmitted. 2. (This is )A desire to throw over reality a light that never was might give away abruptly to the desire on the part of what we might consider a novelist-scientist to record exactly and concretely the structure and texture of a flower (5++)复杂+倒装+省略; (这是⼀种)照亮现实的欲望,此欲望从来就不会唐突的取代后⾯的那种欲望,后者是我们可以将其部分的理解为⼀个兼任⼩说加和科学家的⼈想要去准确并具体的记录下⼀朵花的结构和⽂理的那种意义上的欲望。
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