王蔷教材教法知识点单元性归纳

Unit 1

Knowledge:sth that can be learned

Skills: sth that only can be gained through practice or training,

Language skills:listening, speaking, reading and writing

Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication。

Views on language：

1、Structural view （language competence）

—The founder：Saussure

—The structural view of language sees language as a linguistic system made up of various subsystems：1、the sound system（phonology）2、sound combinations（morphology）

3、meaning for communication（syntax）

—Learning the language is to learn the structural items，study the inner structure and rule of language，ignore the social functions of the language。

2 、Functional view

—Representative：Johnson、marrow、swain canal (the core: grammar)

—The function view not only sees language as a linguistic system but also a means for doing things

—Learners learn a language in order to be able to doing things with it

Use the linguistic structure to express functions

3、Interactional view （communicative competence）

—Emphasis：appropriateness

—Language is a communicative tool，which main use is to build up and maintain social relations between people

—Learners need to know the rules for using the language in certain context

—The structural view limits knowing a language to knowing its structural rules and vocabulary

Language teacher qualifications：

1、a good command of spoken and written language

2、formulate theory presupposition

3、language background and experience

4、know how languages are learnt

5、the ability to use methods in various situations

6、deep understanding of cultural background

7、understanding the principles of teaching

These elements can be categorized into three groups：ethic devotion，professional qualities and personal styles

View on language learning

1. Psycholinguistic: the relationship between language and thinking.

1)Thinking in language

2)Language is necessary for thought.

3)Language acquisition(语言习得)

4)Learners in their earlier years acquire control over essential structure of their language

without special teaching and learning in a effortless and almost an unconscious way (like the formation of a habit) people prefer first language acquisition to first language learning.

2.Cognitive theory: the rule for people to aware to cognize sth.

Cognitive processes:

Process: input----absorb----output

Language learning is not just stimulate-reflection, but the using of our subjective capabilities, the using of our cognitive ability to think the language and studying it actively.

3. Constructivist theory: learning is a process of meaning construction based on learner’s own knowledge and experience.

S ----------AT------------R

(刺激) (反应)

Stimulus: assimilatio n ①and accommodatio n②

①把外部知识纳入自身

②纳入自身后也不相符，就要对原有知识进行改变，也就是一种原有知道和外部知识

保持联系的创新的过程。

Unit 2

1. CLT（交际英语教学）: it is an approach that considers the functional and social factors in language, emphasizes that the aim of language teaching is to help the learners acquire communicative ability. It offers an effective way to learn language through language use.

The basis: the theory of sociology and sociolinguistic.

2. Language has two functions: A. the transactional functio n→to express the context B. the interactional(相互影响的) function→to show social relations and personal attitude

Language is used to perform certain communication functions; use all skills: A. Receptive skill: listening and reading B. Productive skill: speaking and writing; used in a certain social context: teach the part of language in real life rather than all the language students develop all the language skills.

3. Traditional pedagogy (传统教学法): focus on the forms of language.

4. Traditional class VS. CLT

Listening: to the teacher, to the tape →sth.unpredictable, sth.authentic, sth.meaningful Reading: learning language →get information, exact meaning, different skills

Speaking: repeating, answering, retelling →sth.creating, express oneself

Writing: composition, translation →write to express oneself, one’s feeling, one’s thought; write what people write in the way people write.

5. Linguistic Competence (= language com.)

Chomsky: tacit knowledge of language structures and the ability to use the knowledge to understand and produce language.

6. Communicative Competence

Both knowledge about the language and the knowledge about how to use the language in communicative situation appropriately.

7. Features of CLT:

1.focus on developing communicative competence

2.Focus on useful and necessary language

3.Pay attention to the communicative task

4.Place importance on students' being fluent