PId调节回路设定详解
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Page 4
Siemens Industrial Automation Ltd., Shanghai
比例(Proportional)控制器 比例(Proportional)控制器 (Proportional)
SIEMENS
P V S P
OP=Kc*E(%)=100%/PB *E (%) Kc is dimentionless The unit of PB is % E(%)=[(PV-SP)/SP] * 100% E(%)=[(PV-
工业PID控制器的选择 控制器的选择 工业
SIEMENS 被控参数 控制器 备注
温度/成分 PID 流量/压力
SIEMENS
*1:当工业对象具 有较大的滞后时, 可引入微分作用; 但如果测量噪声较 大,则应先对测量 信号进行一阶或平 均滤波。
SIEMENS *1
SIEMENS PI
液位/料位 P,PD *1 SIEMENS
SP
PV
SP KICKBACK
SIEMENSPV
Time
Time
Time
OVERSHOOT
SIEMENS
Reduce Kc
SIEMENS
Reduce Kc Increase Ti
Hale Waihona Puke Baidu
Time
Page 15
Siemens Industrial Automation Ltd., Shanghai
The effect of PID for performance of control loop PID参数对控制性能的影响 PID参数对控制性能的影响
PI
SIEMENS
P V S P O P ε
Proportional error is repeated in one time constant Ti
SIEMENS
SIEMENS
Integral Proportional
SIEMENS
Ti
SIEMENS
SIEMENS
Page 7
t
Siemens Industrial Automation Ltd., Shanghai
PID控制器 PID控制器
SIEMENS
P V
SIEMENS SIEMENS
ε
S P O P
SIEMENS
td
Integral Proportional Derivative
SIEMENS
Siemens Industrial Automation Ltd., Shanghai
SIEMENS 時間
Page 9
SIEMENS
Typical Control Loop
SIEMENS
error set point PID
MVs
DVs
SIEMENS
SIEMENS Process
Controlled target
SIEMENS PV SIEMENS
Siemens Industrial Automation Ltd., Shanghai
SIEMENS
比例度
Kc(bigger)
Advantage
Shortage
SIEMENS
使系统的调节作用增强
Stability Decrease
SIEMENS
E使系统消除余差的速度 Stability Decrease
积分时间
Ti (shorter)
微分
增强
SIEMENS即T 增 微分作用的增强( 微分作用的增强(
SIEMENS
SIEMENS
SIEMENS
SIEMENS SIEMENS
Siemens Industrial Automation Ltd., Shanghai
SIEMENS
Page 18
工程整定法2--临界比例度法 工程整定法2--临界比例度法
步骤:
SIEMENS SIEMENS (1)先将切除PID控制器中的积分与微分作用,取比例增益K SIEMENS
SIEMENS P V
S P O P
Kc/Ti∫ OP = Kc/Ti∫Edt
SIEMENS
ε
SIEMENS SIEMENS
Ti
Error is repeated in one time constant Ti
t
SIEMENS
SIEMENS
Page 6
Siemens Industrial Automation Ltd., Shanghai
SIEMENS
Page 2
常见的现场执行机构
SIEMENS
Upstream Cut Valve Control
SIEMENS
valve
SIEMENS
Downstream Cut Valve
SIEMENS
By pass
SIEMENS
Siemens Industrial Automation Ltd., Shanghai
PVFrom PV-SP error From OP : if MV moves excessively -- increase Change size -- Half and double Try tuning software package
SIEMENS
Ti
SIEMENS
Siemens Industrial Automation Ltd., Shanghai
You can obtain a level model w/o plant test
SIEMENS
Most pressures,some levels
SIEMENS
Most levels,some pressures
For most of level loops use P only
SIEMENS
SIEMENS
SIEMENS
SIEMENS
SIEMENS
Siemens Industrial Automation Ltd., Shanghai
Page 12
-- self regulated vs integrator
SIEMENSset point Tight : Stay on
Loose : Smooth out flows
Target
of controlling
SIEMENS
The controlled error is 的控制誤差 mine or
SIEMENS
can be received 最小
SIEMENS
System stability is better than manual operation Unite can safely running
SIEMENS SIEMENS
Page 10
SIEMENS
Siemens Industrial Automation Ltd., Shanghai
Tuning
ruler
SIEMENS
注意事項 工艺特性 (self工艺特性 (self-regulated or integrator) 技巧
SIEMENS SIEMENS
Siemens Industrial Automation Ltd., Shanghai
问题: 问题:
选择原则分析。
SIEMENS
Page 17
PID工程整定法1--经验法 PID工程整定法1--经验法 工程整定法
针对被控变量类型的不同,选择不同的PID参 数初始值,投运后再作调整。尽管简单,但即使对于同一类 型的被控变量,如温度系统,其控制通道的动态特性差别可 能很大,因而经验法属最为“粗糙”的整定法。
C
较小值,并投入闭环运行; (2)将KC由小到大变化,对应于某一KC值作小幅度的设定值 阶跃响应,直至产生等幅振荡; (3)设等幅振荡时所对应的振荡周期为Tcr、控制器增益Kcr , 再根据控制器类型选择PID参数。
d
Stability Decrease
Td
SIEMENS
大),从理论上讲使系统的 ),从理论上讲使系统的 超前作用增强, 超前作用增强,稳定性得到 加强, 加强,但高频噪声起放大作 因而, 用。因而,微分作用不适合 于测量噪声较大的对象。 于测量噪声较大的对象。
SIEMENS
Page 16
Siemens Industrial Automation Ltd., Shanghai
SIEMENS
Siemens Industrial Automation Ltd., Shanghai
SIEMENS
Page 13
調
諧
技
巧
Select proper PID algorithm Do not use Td for most of case If possible,conduct a plant test
SIEMENS
Page 3
常用的工业PID控制器 控制器 常用的工业
SIEMENS
P: PI :
u (t ) = K c e(t ) + u0
U (s) = Kc E (s)
SIEMENS
1 t u (t ) = K c e(t ) + ∫ e(τ )dτ + u0 Ti 0 U ( s) 1 = K c 1 + E ( s) Ti s
SIEMENS
SIEMENS
SIEMENS Response pattern tuning (trail & error)
DT/ τ >2 ,PID is bad. Try other control design.
Be careful for an integrator loop Dead time is the most important concern
SIEMENS
Page 14
Response Pattern Tuning
SIEMENS SLOW SP PV
Increase Kc Decrease Ti
PV
SP
SIEMENS
CYCLING
If Ti < T/4 Increase it. Otherwise decrease gain
SIEMENS
微分(Derivative)控制器 微分(Derivative)控制器 (Derivative)
SIEMENS
P V
Kc*Td*(d *(dE/dt) OP = Kc*Td*(dE/dt)
SIEMENS
SIEMENS
S P O P
SIEMENS
td
SIEMENS
SIEMENS t
Page 8
Siemens Industrial Automation Ltd., Shanghai
SIEMENS
i
PID : u (t ) = K c e(t ) + 1 ∫t e(τ )dτ + Td de(t ) + u0 SIEMENS T 0 dt
SIEMENS
1 U ( s) = K c 1 + + Td s E ( s) Ti s
SIEMENS
SIEMENS
ε
SIEMENS SIEMENS
Note : PV will change with OP
O P
SIEMENS
SIEMENS
Page 5
t
Siemens Industrial Automation Ltd., Shanghai
积分(Integral)控制器 积分(Integral)控制器 (Integral)
SIEMENS of a control loop The four elements
Look for disturbances
SIEMENS
Check “ Filtering” always at the beginning
Record every everything you observe and what you have done Write down existing tuning constant Ask operator join,but you don’t have to listen too much Not just focus at the tuning loop but whole process Make some protections for the new tuning loop Make a SP change Control performance acceptably ? Check on performance for the next few weeks
Turning SIEMENSof PID controllers SIEMENS PID控制器的参数整定 控制器的参数整定 控制器的
SIEMENS
SIEMENS SIEMENS
Siemens Industrial Automation Ltd., Shanghai Siemens Industrial Automation Ltd., Shanghai
SIEMENS SIEMENS
Siemens Industrial Automation Ltd., Shanghai
SIEMENS
Page 11
Notice
Make sure it is appropriate time Do not tune at first,check what is the problem.
Siemens Industrial Automation Ltd., Shanghai
比例(Proportional)控制器 比例(Proportional)控制器 (Proportional)
SIEMENS
P V S P
OP=Kc*E(%)=100%/PB *E (%) Kc is dimentionless The unit of PB is % E(%)=[(PV-SP)/SP] * 100% E(%)=[(PV-
工业PID控制器的选择 控制器的选择 工业
SIEMENS 被控参数 控制器 备注
温度/成分 PID 流量/压力
SIEMENS
*1:当工业对象具 有较大的滞后时, 可引入微分作用; 但如果测量噪声较 大,则应先对测量 信号进行一阶或平 均滤波。
SIEMENS *1
SIEMENS PI
液位/料位 P,PD *1 SIEMENS
SP
PV
SP KICKBACK
SIEMENSPV
Time
Time
Time
OVERSHOOT
SIEMENS
Reduce Kc
SIEMENS
Reduce Kc Increase Ti
Hale Waihona Puke Baidu
Time
Page 15
Siemens Industrial Automation Ltd., Shanghai
The effect of PID for performance of control loop PID参数对控制性能的影响 PID参数对控制性能的影响
PI
SIEMENS
P V S P O P ε
Proportional error is repeated in one time constant Ti
SIEMENS
SIEMENS
Integral Proportional
SIEMENS
Ti
SIEMENS
SIEMENS
Page 7
t
Siemens Industrial Automation Ltd., Shanghai
PID控制器 PID控制器
SIEMENS
P V
SIEMENS SIEMENS
ε
S P O P
SIEMENS
td
Integral Proportional Derivative
SIEMENS
Siemens Industrial Automation Ltd., Shanghai
SIEMENS 時間
Page 9
SIEMENS
Typical Control Loop
SIEMENS
error set point PID
MVs
DVs
SIEMENS
SIEMENS Process
Controlled target
SIEMENS PV SIEMENS
Siemens Industrial Automation Ltd., Shanghai
SIEMENS
比例度
Kc(bigger)
Advantage
Shortage
SIEMENS
使系统的调节作用增强
Stability Decrease
SIEMENS
E使系统消除余差的速度 Stability Decrease
积分时间
Ti (shorter)
微分
增强
SIEMENS即T 增 微分作用的增强( 微分作用的增强(
SIEMENS
SIEMENS
SIEMENS
SIEMENS SIEMENS
Siemens Industrial Automation Ltd., Shanghai
SIEMENS
Page 18
工程整定法2--临界比例度法 工程整定法2--临界比例度法
步骤:
SIEMENS SIEMENS (1)先将切除PID控制器中的积分与微分作用,取比例增益K SIEMENS
SIEMENS P V
S P O P
Kc/Ti∫ OP = Kc/Ti∫Edt
SIEMENS
ε
SIEMENS SIEMENS
Ti
Error is repeated in one time constant Ti
t
SIEMENS
SIEMENS
Page 6
Siemens Industrial Automation Ltd., Shanghai
SIEMENS
Page 2
常见的现场执行机构
SIEMENS
Upstream Cut Valve Control
SIEMENS
valve
SIEMENS
Downstream Cut Valve
SIEMENS
By pass
SIEMENS
Siemens Industrial Automation Ltd., Shanghai
PVFrom PV-SP error From OP : if MV moves excessively -- increase Change size -- Half and double Try tuning software package
SIEMENS
Ti
SIEMENS
Siemens Industrial Automation Ltd., Shanghai
You can obtain a level model w/o plant test
SIEMENS
Most pressures,some levels
SIEMENS
Most levels,some pressures
For most of level loops use P only
SIEMENS
SIEMENS
SIEMENS
SIEMENS
SIEMENS
Siemens Industrial Automation Ltd., Shanghai
Page 12
-- self regulated vs integrator
SIEMENSset point Tight : Stay on
Loose : Smooth out flows
Target
of controlling
SIEMENS
The controlled error is 的控制誤差 mine or
SIEMENS
can be received 最小
SIEMENS
System stability is better than manual operation Unite can safely running
SIEMENS SIEMENS
Page 10
SIEMENS
Siemens Industrial Automation Ltd., Shanghai
Tuning
ruler
SIEMENS
注意事項 工艺特性 (self工艺特性 (self-regulated or integrator) 技巧
SIEMENS SIEMENS
Siemens Industrial Automation Ltd., Shanghai
问题: 问题:
选择原则分析。
SIEMENS
Page 17
PID工程整定法1--经验法 PID工程整定法1--经验法 工程整定法
针对被控变量类型的不同,选择不同的PID参 数初始值,投运后再作调整。尽管简单,但即使对于同一类 型的被控变量,如温度系统,其控制通道的动态特性差别可 能很大,因而经验法属最为“粗糙”的整定法。
C
较小值,并投入闭环运行; (2)将KC由小到大变化,对应于某一KC值作小幅度的设定值 阶跃响应,直至产生等幅振荡; (3)设等幅振荡时所对应的振荡周期为Tcr、控制器增益Kcr , 再根据控制器类型选择PID参数。
d
Stability Decrease
Td
SIEMENS
大),从理论上讲使系统的 ),从理论上讲使系统的 超前作用增强, 超前作用增强,稳定性得到 加强, 加强,但高频噪声起放大作 因而, 用。因而,微分作用不适合 于测量噪声较大的对象。 于测量噪声较大的对象。
SIEMENS
Page 16
Siemens Industrial Automation Ltd., Shanghai
SIEMENS
Siemens Industrial Automation Ltd., Shanghai
SIEMENS
Page 13
調
諧
技
巧
Select proper PID algorithm Do not use Td for most of case If possible,conduct a plant test
SIEMENS
Page 3
常用的工业PID控制器 控制器 常用的工业
SIEMENS
P: PI :
u (t ) = K c e(t ) + u0
U (s) = Kc E (s)
SIEMENS
1 t u (t ) = K c e(t ) + ∫ e(τ )dτ + u0 Ti 0 U ( s) 1 = K c 1 + E ( s) Ti s
SIEMENS
SIEMENS
SIEMENS Response pattern tuning (trail & error)
DT/ τ >2 ,PID is bad. Try other control design.
Be careful for an integrator loop Dead time is the most important concern
SIEMENS
Page 14
Response Pattern Tuning
SIEMENS SLOW SP PV
Increase Kc Decrease Ti
PV
SP
SIEMENS
CYCLING
If Ti < T/4 Increase it. Otherwise decrease gain
SIEMENS
微分(Derivative)控制器 微分(Derivative)控制器 (Derivative)
SIEMENS
P V
Kc*Td*(d *(dE/dt) OP = Kc*Td*(dE/dt)
SIEMENS
SIEMENS
S P O P
SIEMENS
td
SIEMENS
SIEMENS t
Page 8
Siemens Industrial Automation Ltd., Shanghai
SIEMENS
i
PID : u (t ) = K c e(t ) + 1 ∫t e(τ )dτ + Td de(t ) + u0 SIEMENS T 0 dt
SIEMENS
1 U ( s) = K c 1 + + Td s E ( s) Ti s
SIEMENS
SIEMENS
ε
SIEMENS SIEMENS
Note : PV will change with OP
O P
SIEMENS
SIEMENS
Page 5
t
Siemens Industrial Automation Ltd., Shanghai
积分(Integral)控制器 积分(Integral)控制器 (Integral)
SIEMENS of a control loop The four elements
Look for disturbances
SIEMENS
Check “ Filtering” always at the beginning
Record every everything you observe and what you have done Write down existing tuning constant Ask operator join,but you don’t have to listen too much Not just focus at the tuning loop but whole process Make some protections for the new tuning loop Make a SP change Control performance acceptably ? Check on performance for the next few weeks
Turning SIEMENSof PID controllers SIEMENS PID控制器的参数整定 控制器的参数整定 控制器的
SIEMENS
SIEMENS SIEMENS
Siemens Industrial Automation Ltd., Shanghai Siemens Industrial Automation Ltd., Shanghai
SIEMENS SIEMENS
Siemens Industrial Automation Ltd., Shanghai
SIEMENS
Page 11
Notice
Make sure it is appropriate time Do not tune at first,check what is the problem.