初中英语语法大全——被动语态

初中英语语法大全——被动语态语态是动词的一种形式，用来说明句子中主语和谓语动词的具体关系，分为主动语态和被动语态。如果主语是动作的执行者，使用主动语态;如果主语是动作的承受者，则使用被动语态。

一、被动语态的构成

主动语态:强调动作发出者被动语态:强调受到动作影响的对象

eg: He wrote the book.

eg: The book was written by him.

eg: She sings the English song.

eg: The English song is sung by her.

eg: We have finished our homework since two hours ago.

eg: Our homework has been finished since two hours ago by us.

2. 各种时态及情态动词的被动语态

3. 被动语态的各种句式

eg: Have you heard about that car accident near the school? --- Yes, luckily no one was hurt.

你听说学校附近的那场车祸了吗? --- 是的，幸运的是没有人受伤。

eg: A road has been built by the government. 一条道路已经被政府修建了。

eg: I am not invited to go to the party by my friend. 我没有被朋友邀请去参加聚会。

eg: My bike isn’t being repaired by Tom now. 我的自行车现在没有被汤姆修理。

eg: Are they used for posting letters? 它们被用来邮递信件吗?

eg: Are trees being planted over there by them? 那边的树正在被他们种植吗?

eg: When was the basketball team set up? 这支篮球队是什么时候成立的?

eg: How many man-made satellites have been sent into space? 已经有多少颗人造卫星被发射升空?

4. 情态动词的被动语态的句式

eg: The project must be finished by the end of this week. 这个项目这个用末前必须完成。

eg: These clothes needn't be washed. 这些衣服不必洗。

eg: Should I be allowed make my own decision? 应该允许我自己做决定吗?

eg: Can the homework be done in class? 这些家庭作业能在课堂上完成吗?

eg: When must this work be done? 这项工作必须在什么时候完成?

eg: Who might be elected president of the university? 谁可能被选为这所大学的校长?

二、被动语态的用法

1.强调动作的承受者

主语应该是说话者要突出强调的重点。如果我们感兴趣的重点发动作的承受者(实语，就用被动语态将其宾语交为主语使其突出。

eg: Many houses were destroyed in the earthquake of April 20,203 in Ya’an.

在雅安的地震中很多房屋被损坏了。(强调destroy的承受者many houses)

eg: A new idea has been suggested. 已经提出了一个新想法。(强调suggest的宾语a new idea)

2. 没有必要指出动作的执行者

说话者不知道动作的执行者,或者认为没有必要指出。

eg: Do you know when the first train was produced in China?

你知道中国的第一辆火车是什么时候制造的吗?

eg:The house is being repaired. 这座房子正在修缮中。

2.强调动作的执行者

被动句有时不用by短语，因为使用被动句多因动作执行者不明确或者不重要，但是有时也用by短语来强调或突出重要的、新的信息。

eg: The painting on the wall is very valuable. It was done by Picasso

墙上的那幅画非常珍贵，那是毕加索画的。(强调do的发出者Picasso)

eg: The beautiful gift was given by my grandfather.

这份精美的礼物是我爷爷给我的。(强调give的发出者grandfather)

三、主动语态和被动语态的转化

1. 主动语态转化为被动语态的步骤

步骤一：将主语的宾语作被动语态的主语

eg: Bruce writes a letter every week. → A letter is written by Bruce every week.

步骤二：谓语动词变成“be+及物动词的过去分词”，并通过be的变化来表现出不同的时态。Bruce writes a letter every week. → A letter is written by Bruce every week.

步骤三：主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语(by Bruce)，组成介词短语放在被动结构中的谓语动词之后。(有时by短语可以省略）

Bruce writes a letter every week. → A letter is written by Bruce every week.

2. 动语态转化为被动语态的各种情况

(1) 主语+谓语+宾语... (主语+be done+by)

主动语态：No one has ever beaten Sonya at tennis.

被动语态：Sonya has never been beaten (by...) at tennis.

(2)A. 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语( 主语+be done+直接宾语(+by...)

主动语态：They give the children many good books.

被动语态：The children were given many good books.

B.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语(主语+ be done to/ for+间接宾语(by...)、