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全国高等自学考试综合英语一全真模拟卷及答案解析

全国高等自学考试综合英语（一）全真模拟卷及答案解析1.用适当的语法形式或词汇填空。

从a、b、c、d四个选项中, 选出一个正确答案。

1.Childre.wh.ar.over-protecte.b.thei.parent.ma.become_____.a.hur.b.tame.c.destroye.d.spoiled答案: d解析: 句意为: “过分受父母保护的孩子可能会被惯坏”。

hurt “指对身体或感情上的伤害”。

destroy“毁坏, 消灭”。

tame“驯服”。

spoil“宠坏, 惯确良坏”。

spoiled的过去分词形式也可看做是形容词“宠坏了的”。

2.I‘v.bee.tellin.you_____no.t.d.that，bu.yo.nev.listene.t.me.That’.wh.yo.go.int.trouble.a.at timesb.time before timec.time and againd.for the time being答案: c解析: time and again相当于“time and time again”, 意思是“一次又一次地, 再三地”, 正合题意。

at times指“有时, 偶尔”。

for the time being意思是“暂时”。

不存在b项这种表达法。

3._____h.speak.softl.i.n.proo.tha.h.i.kind.a.Sinceb.Asc.Thatd.Because答案: c解析: that做主语从句he speaks softly的引导词, 没有实际意义。

4.Bein.extremely_____t.th.cold，.d.no.lik.skating.a.sensitiveb.senselessc.insensitived.sensible答案: a解析: sensitive“对某事很敏感”, 后跟介词to.本句意思是: “我对冷很敏感, 所以不喜欢滑冰。

2023年自考专业英语英语阅读一模拟试题及答案1

自考专业(英语)英语阅读（一）模拟试题及答案1一、CAREFUL READINGRead the following passages carefully. Decide on the best answer and blacken the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points, 2 points each)1、Passage 1Children display an amazing ability to become fluent speakers of any language consistently spoken around them. Every normal child who is not brought up in virtual isolation from language use soon comes to speak one or more languages natively. The childs acquisition of his or her native language is not dependent on any special tutoring. Parents may spend many hours reinforcing every recognizable bit of their childs verbal activity with smile or some other reward. But there is no particular reason to believe that such activity affects the childs ultimate success in becoming a native speaker of his parents language. Children can pick up a language by playing with other children who happen to speak it just as well as they can through the concentrated efforts of doting parents. All they seem to need is sufficient exposure to the language inquestion. This capacity for acquiring language is remarkable for number of reasons. It is remarkable firstly because of its uniformity throughout the human race. There simply are no cases of normal children who, when they are given the chances, fail to acquire native language. By way of comparison, it is not at all unusual for a child to fail to master arithmetic, reading, swimming, or gymnast a considerable amount of instruction. Language acquisition, in other words, is inherently, It is also species specific Every normal person learns a human language but no other animals, not even the most intelligent apes, has been shown to be capable of making the slightest progress in this direction, although some animals can learn to solve problems, use tools, and so on. Language acquisition thus appears to be kind from acquisition of the other skills mentioned The progress is further remarkable for its comparative speed and perfection. When we actually attempt to take a language apart to see how it works, we find it is extraordinarily complex and it involves highly abstract organizational principles. Yet, within the first few years of his life, every child has succeeded in mastering at least one such system. Furthermore, the linguistic system that the child masters is identical to the one employed by the people aroundhim or her. If a child is regularly exposed to two languages, he will very probably learn both. Moreover, they will succeed in keeping the two linguistic systems separate, which is a considerable achievement.What is most important in native language acquisition?A.Tutoring.B.Reinforcement.C.Exposure.D.Concentration.2、Which of the following is easier to learn for normal children?A.Native language.B.ArithmeticC.SwimmingD.Gymnastics3、 When the author says that language is "inherently human", he means thatA.human beings learn language faster than animalsB.all human beings share the same linguistic systemC.all human beings are capable of language acquisitionD.the principles of different languages are the same4、 Which of the following is true according to the passage?A.Apes have no intelligence whatsoever.B.Apes can make slow progress in language learning.nguage learning is beyond even the most intelligent ape.D.Some species of apes have their own specific language.5、 Since language is complex, it is remarkable that childrenpare their native language to other languagesB.learn their native language so quickly and so wellC.master one such systemD.learn the language for practical purposes6、Passage 2 When youre negotiating with someone, listen for the messages that he or she might be sending to you. For example, the word difficult does not mean the same as impossible. Imagine youre staying in a hotel, and you want to change your room. The managers answer of, That would be very difficult, sir, does not mean that he is saying no. It just means that he wants to know what you are prepared to offer him in return for the change of room. If you are buying a new car, and want to pay less than the price being asked, then the salesmans comment, Im sorry, but we never negotiate on the price, means that they do negotiate on other things, like the delivery time, or the extra that might be available as part of the purchase. In the same car showroom, if the salesman says, Sorry, I cant negotiateprices, then should be to ask who can. The message the salesman is sending suggests that his boss is the one you need to be talking to. In all of these situations, the message is never communicated in clear terms. In any negotiation, the two players wish to get as much out of it as they can, of course. In the three examples above, the salesmen and the hotel manager are hoping that you will accept their price or conditions-but their messages make it clear that there may be room for movement and compromise. In a successful negotiation, the two sides move towards each other and reach agreement on conditions that satisfy both sides.The hotel managers answer That would be very difficult, sir implies( )A.you can change the room if you find some excuseB.someone else has paid more for the room under discussionC.the room is available if an extra sum of money is offeredD.someone else has booked the room in return for more money7、 When the salesmen tell you that they never negotiate on the price, you can( )A.negotiate the price with the managerB.demand to see the one who canC.find out other possibilities in the purchaseD.accept the price without any further negotiation8、 This passage is intended for( )A.managersB.customersC.salesmenD.scholars9、 The passage tells us how to( )A.send messages in negotiationB.become a successful salesmanC.profit from business transactionsD.receive messages in a negotiation10、 It can be safely concluded from the passage that( )A.at least two players should be in the room for communicationB.a lot can be inferred from what is actually stated in a negotiationC.you should never communicate your ideas in clear termsD.you should play the roles of a salesman and manager in a negotiation11、Passage 3 In recent years, Israeli consumers have grown more demanding as theyve become wealthier and more worldly wise. Foreign travel is a national passion: this summer alone, one in 10 citizens will go abroad. Exposed to higher standards ofservice elsewhere, Israelis are returning home expecting the same. American firms have also begun arriving in large numbers. Chains such as KFC, McDonalds and Pizza Hut are setting a new standard of customer service, using strict employee g and constant monitoring to ensure the friendliness of frontline staff. Even the American habit of telling departing customers to Have a nice day has caught on all over Israel. Nobody wakes up in the morning and says, Lets be nicer, says Itsik Cohen, director of a consulting firm.查看答案【二、SPEED READING】1~5CCABB6~10DDAC。

2020年10月全国自考英语阅读一真题及答案

2020年10月全国自考英语阅读一真题及答案仔细阅读Many studies suggest that our personalities remain fairly stable, even over t he course of decades. Yet a small but long-running study finds that traits related to dependability differ greatly betwee n adolescence and late life. The findings raise new questions and highlight t he challenges in trying to track a person's defining characteristics over man y years. In the new research, published in December 2016 in Psychology an d Aging, researchers in the U. K. reached out to a group of 635 77-year-olds from Scotland who had taken part in a study when they were 14. Back then, their teachers had rated them on six personality characteristics relate d to dependability: self-confidence, perseverance (坚定), mood stability, conscientiousness (认真) , originality and desire to be better than others. Some 60 years later a t otal of 174 participants from the original study rated themselves on the sa me six traits and had a close friend or relative rate them as well. Lead autho r Ian Deary, a psychologist at the University of Edinburgh, expected, based on earlier findings, that dependability scores might remain stable over time . In fact, he and his colleagues found no relation between ratings for depen dability-related traits over the 63-year span studied. (Deary emphasizes that his findings apply only to these six trait—not overall personality.) One of the study's strengths is that it covers such a long period, but this characteristic also makes the research challenging. Nat e Hudson, a social psychologist at Michigan State University who was not in volved in the study, points out that the lack of personality stability could be the result of having different people rate the participants. Ideally, the same person would rate a subject's personality at both time points when assessm ents were made. In decades-spanning studies, many subjects go missing, die or choose not to participate in follow-up assessments. Deary and his colleagues had only 174 of the original partic ipants, a number that makes it tough to find subtle, but real, correlations in sets of data. " It is difficult to know from their study alone whether there is truly zero stability in personality from age 14 to 77, " Hudson says. " Deary's work moves the field forward—but more research is needed to get a full picture of how personality evolves throughout a lifetime. "【正确答案】1.What do many studies suggest about a person's personality?（A）It is offensive during adolescence.（B）It becomes split in middle age.（C）It is lovable in late life.（D）It remains stable.【正确答案】D【试题解析】事实细节题。

10月自学考试《英语一》阅读试题及解析

10月自学考试《英语一》阅读试题及解析10月自学考试《英语一》阅读试题及解析一、阅读判断The Truth about Left-Handed PeopleAbout 90% ofpeople in the world today are right-handed.The other 10% areleft-handed,including Obama,the President of the US.Every day,left-handed folksquietly face problems.It could be something as simple as driving a car or usinga can opener.Why are sofew of us left-handed?One theory is that handedness (hand preference) could bea result of genetics.Scientists say that there are two genes (基因) associated with handedness.Oneis the D gene.It is more frequent in the population and promotes (促成) right-hand preference.The otheris the C gene.It has the ability to promote a preference for either hand.Whenthe C gene is present,there is a 50% chance that a person could be right- orleft-handed.Anothertheory has to do with human brains,which are made up of two halves.If the lefthalf is more powerful,then one is most likely right-handed.But withleft-handers,it is more complicated.Seventy percent of them are also left-braindominant (占优势的).Theother 30% have right-side dominant brains.During the18th and 19th centuries,left-handedness was considered a disability.But not allof the myths about left-handers are bad.One myth suggests that they are morecreative and smarter than the right-handers.So far scientific research has yetto find any truth to these claims.In fact,a 2013 survey out ofNew Zealandfound that left-handers and right-handers were the same.Life mightbe a little more complicated for left-handers when it comes to cutting a pieceof paper or opening a bottle ofwine.However,it seems to be a good sign if youare trying to make it to the White House.第1题The right-handers are nine times as many asthe left-handers.A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given【正确答案】A【答案解析】第一段前两句话表明，世界上大约有90%的人是右撇子，而另外10%的人则是左撇子，包括美国总统第44任美国总统。

江苏自考英语模拟试题及答案

江苏自考英语模拟试题及答案一、阅读理解（共20分，每题4分）阅读下列短文，然后根据短文内容回答问题。

A篇In the past few decades, with the rapid development of technology, the Internet has become an indispensable part of our daily lives. It has not only changed the way we communicate but also the way we learn and work. Online education platforms have been booming, providing a wide range of courses for people to choose from. This has made education more accessible to a broader audience.1. What is the main idea of the passage?A) The importance of technology in education.B) The impact of the Internet on our lives.C) The rise of online education platforms.D) The benefits of online learning.2. According to the passage, what has the Internet changed?A) The way we communicate.B) The way we learn.C) The way we work.D) All of the above.B篇Many people believe that success is the result of hard work and determination. However, some argue that luck plays a significant role in achieving success. While it is true that hard work is essential, there are instances where luck can provide the necessary boost. Nevertheless, relying solely on luck is not a strategy for long-term success.3. What does the passage mainly discuss?A) The role of hard work in success.B) The importance of determination.C) The significance of luck in achieving success.D) The combination of hard work and luck.4. What is the author's view on relying on luck for success?A) It is a viable strategy.B) It is not a reliable approach.C) It can lead to short-term success.D) It is the key to success.二、完形填空（共15分，每题3分）The story of Thomas Edison is well-known. He was a man who did not let failure deter him from his goals. Despite facing numerous setbacks, Edison continued to experiment and innovate. His famous quote, "I have not failed. I've just found 10,000 ways that won't work," reflects his perseverance and positive attitude towards failure.5. What can we learn about Thomas Edison from the passage?A) He was easily discouraged by failure.B) He was a person who gave up easily.C) He was persistent in the face of adversity.D) He was someone who avoided taking risks.6. What does Edison's quote imply about his approach to failure?A) He viewed failure as a complete waste of time.B) He considered failure as a necessary part of the process.C) He thought that failure was a sign to quit.D) He believed that failure was the opposite of success.7. What is the main focus of the passage?A) The story of Thomas Edison's life.B) The importance of perseverance in achieving goals.C) The role of innovation in success.D) The significance of taking risks.三、词汇与语法（共25分，每题5分）Choose the best answer to complete the sentences.8. The company has decided to ________ its employees to work from home due to the pandemic.A) compelB) permitC) refuseD) prohibit9. She is one of the most ________ students in her class, always ready to help others.A) considerateB) considerableC) consideredD) consideration10. The project was a success, ________ the team's hard work and dedication.A) owing toB) in spite ofC) because ofD) regardless of四、翻译（共20分，每题10分）11. 将下列中文句子翻译成英文。

自考公共课英语（一）模拟试题【三篇】

【导语】努⼒的苦读，把你的实⼒全部发挥，所有关爱着你的⼈，都会为你祝福、祈祷，努⼒备考，相信你会考出满意的成绩，考⼊理想院校！以下是为⼤家整理的《⾃考公共课英语(⼀)模拟试题【三篇】》供您查阅。

【第⼀篇】⼀、根据句⼦的意思选择正确的答案，并把其字母填在题前的括号内。

(10%) 1.()There are two possible explanations to ________ the change in speed,but we don't know which one is right. A.account to B.account for C.account on D.account of 2.()_________ for his help,we couldn't have overcome the difficulties. A.Weren't it B.Hadn't it been C.Had it not been D.Without it 3.()It was ________ for Jim to finish the test paper within an hour because there were too many new words in it. A.out of question B.without question_ C.no question D.out of the question 4.()It is in Iran ________ the family members participate in the wedding preparations. A.that B.where C.in which D.there 5.()________ put down the receiver _______ the telephone rang again. A.Scarcely had she .……than B.Scarcely did she .……than C.She scarce had .……than D.Scarce had she .……than 6.()He had been interested in history since his childhood,so he specialized _______ history when he was in college. A.on B.at C.for D.in 7.()The meeting ended _________ his lecture on high education. A.up in B.by C.up with D.up 8.()_________,he was not able to work out the puzzle. A.However he tried hard B.Whatever he tried hard C.However hard he tried D.How hard he tried 9.()_________ such enormous danger,he still remained as calm as usual. A.In the face of B.In face of C.In the face with D.In face with 10.()This is one of the most wonderful songs______ I have ever heard. A.which B.what C.that D.then ⼆、本题共有三段短⽂，每段短⽂后⾯有三⾄四道⼩题，共计⼗道⼩题。

2023年全国7月高等教育自学考试英语阅读一试题

全国2023年7月高等教育自学考试英语阅读(一)试题请将答案填在答题纸对应位置上，所有题目用英文作答(翻译题除外)1. Careful Reading. (40 points, 2 points for each)Passage OneQuestions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.The appeal of advertising to buying motives can have both negative and positive effects. Consumers may be convinced to buy a product of poor quality or high price because of an advertisement. For example, some advertisers have appealed to people’s desire for better fuel economy for their cars by advertising automotive products that improve gasoline mileage. Some of the products work. Others are worthless and a waste of consumers’money.Sometimes advertising is intentionally misleading. A few years ago, a brand of bread was offered to dieters with the message that there were fewer calories in every slice. It turned out that the bread was not dietetic (适合于节食旳), but just regular bread. There were fewer calories because it was sliced very thin, but there were the same number of calories in every loaf.On the positive side, emotional appeals may respond to a consumer’s real concerns. Consider fire insurance. Fire insurance may be sold by appealing to fear of loss. But fear of loss is the real reason for fire insurance. The security of knowing that property is protected by insurance makes the purchase of fire insurance a worthwhile investment for most people. If consumers consider the quality of the insurance plans as well as the message in the ads, they will benefit from the advertising.Each Consumer must evaluate her or his own situation．Are the benefits of the product important enough to justify buying it? Advertising is intended to appeal to consumers．but it does not force them to buy the product．Consumers still controlthe final buying decision．1.Advertising can persuade the consumer to buy worthless products by________.A.stressing their high qualityB.convincing him of their low priceC.maintaining a balance between quality and priceD.appealing to his buying motives2.The reason why the bread advertisement is misleading is that______.A.thin slices of bread could contain more caloriesB.the loaf was cut into regular slicesC.the bread was not genuine breadD.the total number of calories in the loaf remained the same3.According to the passage，which 0f the following statements is true?A.Sometimes advertisements really sell what the consumer needs.B.Advertisements occasionally force consumers into buying things they don’t need.C.The buying motives of consumers are controlled by advertisements.D.Fire insurance is seldom a worthwhile investment.4.It can be inferred from the passage that a smart consumer should______.A.think carefully about the benefits described in the advertisementsB.guard against the deceiving nature of advertisementsC.be familiar with various advertising strategiesD.avoid buying products that have strong emotional appeal5.The passage is mainly about______.A.how to make a wise buying decisionB.ways to protect the interests of the consumerC.the positive and negative aspects of advertisingD.the function of advertisements in promoting salesPassage TwoQuestions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage.Americans are proud of their variety and individuality, yet they love and respect few things more than a uniform, whether it is the uniform of an elevator operator or the uniform of a five-star general. Why are uniforms so popular in the United States?Among the arguments for uniforms, one of the first is that in the eyes of most people they look more professional than civilian (百姓旳) clothes. People have become conditioned to expect superior quality from a man who wears a uniform. The television repairman who wears a uniform tends to inspire more trust than one who appears in civilian clothes. Faith in the skill of a garage mechanic is increased by a uniform. What easier way is there for a nurse, a policeman, a barber, or a waiter to lose professional identity than to step out of uniform?Uniforms also have many practical benefits. They save on other clothes. They save on laundry bills. They are tax-deductible (可减税旳). They are often more comfortable and more durable than civilian clothes.Primary among the arguments against uniforms is their lack of variety and the consequent loss of individuality experienced by people who must wear them. Though there are many types of uniforms, the wearer of any particular type is generally stuck with it, without change, until retirement. When people look alike, they tend to think, speak, and act similarly, on the job at least.Uniforms also give rise to some practical problems. Though they are long-lasting, often their initial expense is greater than cost of civilian clothes. Some uniforms are also expensive to maintain, requiring professional dry cleaning rather than the home laundering possible with many types of civilian clothes.6. It is surprising that Americans who worship variety and individuality____.A. enjoy having a professional identityB. still judge a man by his clothesC. hold the uniform in such high regardD. respect an elevator operator as much as a general in uniform7. People are accustomed to thinking that a man in uniform______.A. appears to be more practicalB. suggests quality workC. discards his social identityD. looks superior to a person in civilian clothes8. The chief function of a uniform is to______.A. provide the wearer with a professional identityB. inspire the wearer’s confidence in himselfC. provide practical benefits to the wearerD. make the wearer catch the public eye9. According to the passage, people wearing uniforms ______.A. tend to lose their individualityB. are usually helpfulC. look like generalsD. have little or no individual freedom10. The best title for this passage would be______.A. Uniforms and SocietyB. Advantages and Disadvantages of UniformsC. The Importance of Wearing a UniformD. Practical Benefits of Wearing a UniformPassage ThreeQuestions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.British newspapers can be classified into groups according to various criteria, such as area of distribution, size of sales, socioeconomic class of their readers, days (and times) of publication, and political bias. Each of these different criteria will lead to more or less different groupings.With regard to the area of distribution a fairly clear distinction can be made between national papers and local papers. The national, e.g. The Times, Daily Mirror and Sunday Express, are readily obtainable in virtually all parts of the United Kingdom at the same time. On the other hand, local papers, e.g. Yorkshire Post or Liverpool Echo, serve a particular area, and outside that area must be specially ordered.As regards the sales figures, we must recognize that there is no clear line that will distinguish between large and small sales. However, we make a somewhat arbitrary distinction here, partly based on copies sold, but also influenced by the type of content of the papers. This separates the so-called “popular” papers from the “quality” papers: the “qualities”, like SundayTimes or Financial Times, tend to have larger, more serious arti cles than the “populars”, such as The People or News of the World.Regarding the socioeconomic class of the readers, a classification on these lines will to a large extent reflect the above distinction into quality and popular. This is because the quality papers are mostly intended for the upper income groups, while the popular papers find their readers among the lower socioeconomic groups. Thus, a reader of The Observer or Financial Times, which are quality papers, is likely to be an educated person with quite a good income, while a reader of Daily Mail or The Sun is more likely to be a less well-educated person with a lower income.As to the days of publication, most British papers are either so-called “daily papers”, (which in tact do not appear on Sundays), e.g. The Guardian or The Scotsman, or Sunday papers, like Sunday Times or News of the world. Local papers with small circulations, however, might appear only once or twice a week, or even less frequently, depending on the demand for them. Concerning the time of publication, the vast majority are morning papers, i.e. they go on sale early in the morning, while the minority are the so-called “evening” papers, whose sales might start as early as midday, and then continue until the evening.11. According to various criteria British newspapers can be classified into______.A. national papers and local papersB. “qualities” and “populars”C. morning papers and evening papersD. all of the above12. The Times, Daily Mirror, and Sunday Express are readily obtainable in virtually all parts of the UK at the same time. Therefore, they are______.A. so-called “daily paper”B. national papersC. popular papersD. local papers13. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. The “'quality” papers te nd to have large, more serious articles than the “populars”.B. The “popular” papers have larger sales.C. The “quality” papers find their readers among the upper income groups.D. A reader of the “qualities” is likely to be a less well-educated person with a lower income.14. As to the days of publication, British daily papers appear______.A. only on SundaysB. only once or twice a weekC. every day except on SundaysD. every day15. Sales of the so-called “evening” papers might start______.A. early in the morningB. as early as noonC. in the eveningD. at midnightPassage FourQuestions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage.Exceptional children are different in some significant way from others of the same age. For these children to develop to their full adult potential, their education must be adapted to those differences.Although we focus on the needs of exceptional children, we find ourselves describing their environment as well. While the leading actor on the stage captures our attention, we are aware of the importance of the supposing players and the scenery of the play itself. Both the family and the society in which exceptional children live are often the key to their growth and development. And it is in the public schools that we find the full expression of society’s understanding—the knowledge, hopes, and fears that are passed on to the next generation.Education in any society is a minor of that society. In that mirror we can see the strengths, the weaknesses and the culture itself. The great interest in exceptional children shown in public education over the past three decades indicates the strong feeling in our society that all citizens, whatever their special conditions, deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities.“All men ar e created equal.” We’ve heard it many times, but it still has important meaning for education in a democratic society. Although the phrase was used by this country’s founders to denote equality before the caw, it has also been interpreted to mean equality of opportunity. That concept implies educational opportunity for all children—the right of each child to receive help in learning to the limits of his or her capacity, whether that capacity be small or great. Recent court decisions have confirmed the right of all children —disabled or not—to an appropriate education, and have ordered that public schools takethe necessary steps to provide that education. In response, schools are modifying their programs, adapting instruction to children who are exceptional, to those who cannot profit substantially from regular programs.16. In paragraph 2, the author cites the example of the leading actor on the stage to show thatA. the growth of exceptional children has much to do with their family and the societyB. exceptional children are more influenced by their families than normal children areC. exceptional children are the key interest of the family and societyD. the needs of the society weigh much heavier than the needs of the exceptional children17. The reason that the exceptional children receive so much concern in education is that_______.A. they are expected to be leaders of the societyB. they might become a burden of the societyC. they should fully develop their potentialD. disabled children deserve special consideration18. The word “denote” in the fourth paragraph most probably means_______.A. translateB. indicateC. blameD. ignore19. This passage mainly deals with ____A. the differences of children in their learning capabilitiesB. the definition of exceptional children in modern societyC. the special educational programs for exceptional childrenD. the necessity of adapting education to exceptional children20. From this passage we learn that the educational concern for exceptional children_______.A. is now enjoying legal supportB. disagrees with the tradition of the countryC. was clearly stated by the country’s foundersD. will exert great influence over court decisionsII. Speed Reading. (10 points, 1 point for each)Passage FiveQuestions 21-25 are based on the following passage.The human thumb made man. Its development was as important an event in man’s growth as his success in learning to walk upright. The thumb shaped the human hand. Without it, man might not have survived. Luckily, the hand developed only one thumb. Two thumbs on one hand would be like having two or more cooks in a small kitchen. They would get in each other’s way. As one English writer said almost 500 years ago, “Ah, each finger today is a thumb, I think.”That is how we still describe a man who cannot get anything right. We say he is “all thumbs”. There are days when this happens to all of us, days when everything we do seems to go wrong. We cannot even get the right shoes on. The typist cannot hit the right key. The carpenter’s hammer misses the nail and hits his finger. Nothing can be done but throw up one’s hands and moan (悲叹), “God, I am all thumbs today!”Clearly, the hand can have just one master—the thumb. It gives the hand a freedom and control of movement that are beautiful to see. This can be seen in old sculptures and stone carvings. We have a special phrase to express this mastery of the thumb. When one is ruled by another, completely controlled by him, we say the pe rson is “under the other’s thumb”. A sick man, for example, often finds himself “under his doctor’s thumb”. Tenants have often complained about being“under the thumb of the landlord”.There was a time, very long ago, when such tenants might in anger “bite their thumbs” at the landlord. Such a gesture was an insult that could not be accepted lightly. People no longer do this. But they do something as childish and as offensive and ugly. They “thumb their noses” at somebody they want to defy or insult.21. If a person has two or more thumbs on one hand, he would______.A. do more thingsB. have a lot of troubleC. work as two or more cooksD. become a writer22. Without ______man might not have survived.A. the cookB. the thumbC. the fingerD. the writer23. When a person says “I am all thumbs today”, he means that_______.A. he can’t get the right shoes onB. his hammer misses the nail and hits his fingerC. he does everything smoothlyD. he can’t get everything right24. When a person is completely controlled by another person, _______.A. we say that he is “all thumbs”B. we say that he has “a great thumb”C.. we say that he is “under the other’s thumb”D. he turns thumb down on him25. When you want to insult someone, you can_______.A. put your thumb on your noseB. wave your thumb at himC. put him under your thumbD. do nothing with your thumbPassage SixQuestions 26-30 are based on the following passage.Where did the movies begin? It is often said that they are an American invention, but this is not entirely true. The motion picture has been the most international of arts before the dawn of the 20th century.Soon after 1889, when the famous American inventor Thomas Edison first showed motion pictures through a device called the kinetoscope, other devices for the same purpose appeared all over the world. One other important contribution by Edison was the introduction of 35mm as the international standard film width. When it became possible to use any 35mm machine for showing movies from any part of the world, the international trading of films could begin.During the first years, there were no special movie theaters. Films were often shown in buildings which had formerly beenstores. In America, these became known as nickelodeons because each member of the audience paid a nickel (five cents) to watch the movie.At first, movies pleased people just because the experience of watching them was new. In the black and white shadows, one could see larger-than-life images of reality and they moved! But images alone cannot keep people interested forever. Then cameras were taken to South Africa and Cuba to photograph wars in action. Prizefights were filmed, and so were religious processions. But none of these attractions could please the crowds for long.What gave the movies the possibility of becoming an art form was the introduction of narrative. Someone realized that a film could tell a story.Edwin S. Porter was a director and cameraman for Thomas Edison’s company. He advanced the art of the film by a giant step when, in 1903, he produced The Great Train Robbery.Although this account of a mail robbery and the pursuit of the robbers was very simple, it required the filming of several different locations. The result was a film that not only shifted freely from place to place but even enabled viewers to see two actions that occurred at the same time. They watched the robbers escape and then saw the pursuers gathering for the pursuit. Within this brief, eight-minute movie lay the seeds of a true art form.In 1908, Biograph, a small film company in New York, employed a man who was to become the first true genius of motion pictures. He was D. W. Griffith, an unsuccessful actor and writer of plays, who had worked briefly for Porter. Griffith preferred writing to acting, but at Biograph he worked as a writer, an actor and a director. In less than five years, he directed almost 300 pictures, raised Biograph to a leading position among film companies, and laid the foundations for modernfilm art.26. The first motion pictures were shown by Thomas Edison in_______.A. 1889B. 1903C. 1907D. 190827. _______ made the international trading of films possible.A. The use of nickelsB. Movie theatersC. The introduction of 35mm as the international standard film widthD. A device called the kinetoscope28. _______made it possible for films to become an art form.A. Larger-than-life images of realityB. The fact that wars were filmedC. PrizefightD. The introduction of narrative29. The writer said that Porter advanced the art of the film by a giant step in producing The Great Train Robbery.This is probably because the film_______.A. had a title which had a tremendous effectB. was the longest at that timeC. was produced by a directorD. required the filming of several different locations30. _______is regarded as the first true genius of motion picture.A. EdisonB. PorterC. GriffithD. BiographIlI. Discourse Cloze. (10 points, 1 point for each)Directions: The following passage is taken from the textbook. Read the passage and fill in the numbered spaces (there are more suggested answers than necessary). Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.WORLD WAR II, the name commonly given to the global conflict of 1939-1945. It was the greatest and most destructive war in history. 31. _______, World War II included gigantic struggles not only in Europe but in Asia, Africa, and the far-flung (广泛旳,漫长旳) islands of the Pacific as well. More than 17 million members of the armed forces of the various belligerents (交战国) perished during the conflict. Its conduct strained the economic capabilities of the major nations and left manycountries on the edge of collapse.At the end of World War I the victorious nations formed the League of Nations for the purpose of airing international disputes, and of mobilizing its members for a collective effort to keep the peace in the event of aggression by any nation against another or of a breach (对法律、义务等旳违犯) of the peace treaties. The United States, imbued (鼓吹) with isolationism, did not become a member. The League failed in its first test. In 1931 the Japanese, using as an excuse the explosion of a small bomb under a section of track of the South Manchuria Railroad (over which they had virtual control), initiated military operations designed to conquer all of Manchuria. 32. _______ Thereupon, Japan resigned from the League. Meanwhile, Manchuria had been overrun and transformed into a Japanese puppet state under the name of Manchukuo. 33. _______.In 1933 also, Adolf Hitler came to power as dictator of Germany and began to rearm the country in contravention (违反，违反) of the provisions of the Treaty of Versailles. 34.___. That year the Italian dictator Benito Mussolini began his long-contemplated invasion of Ethiopia, which he desired as an economic colony. 35. _______. British and French efforts to effect a compromise settlement failed, and Ethiopia was completely occupied by the Italians in 1936.Alarmed by German rearmament, France sought an alliance with the USSR. Under the pretext that this endangered Germany, Hitler remilitarized the Rhineland in 1936. 36. _______. Emboldened by this success, Hitler intensified his campaign for Lebensraum (space for living) for the German people. 37. _______. In September, as Hitler increased his demands on the Czechs and war seemed imminent, the British and French arranged a conference with Hitler and Mussolini. At the Munich Conference they agreed to German occupation of the Sudetenland, Hitler’s asserted last claim, in the hope of maintaining peace. This hope was short lived, for in March 1939, Hitler took over the rest of Czechoslovakia and seized the former German port of Memel from Lithuania. There followed demands on Poland with regard to Danzig (波兰港口) and the Polish Corridor. 38. _______. After surprising the world with the announcement of a nonaggression pact (公约) with his sworn foe, the Soviet Union, he sent his armies across the Polish border on Sept. 1, 1939.39. _______.As the Germans devastated Poland, the Russians moved into the eastern part of the country and began the process that was to lead to the absorption in 1940 of Latvia, Estonia, and Lithuania. They also made demands on Finland. 40. _______.Meanwhile, Japan had undertaken military operations for the subjugation of China proper, and was making preparationsfor the expansion of its empire into Southeast Asia and the rich island groups of the Southwest Pacific. Mussolini watched the progress of his fellow dictator, Hitler, while preparing to join in the war at a favorable moment.(From The World War II in Brief)A. The League voted minor sanctions (制裁) against Italy, but these had slight practical effectB. He denounced the provisions of that treaty that limited German armament and in 1935 reinstituted compulsory military serviceC. Whereas military operations in World War I were conducted primarily on the European continentD. He forcibly annexed (吞并) Austria in March 1938, and then, charging abuse of German minorities, threatened CzechoslovakiaE. Because of a lack of resources, Allied strategy had envisioned the prior defeat of Germany while remaining on the defensive against the JapaneseF. After receiving the report of its commission of inquiry, the League adopted a resolution in 1933 calling on the Japanese to withdrawG. The Poles remained adamant (顽强旳，坚决旳), and it became clear to Hitler that he could attain his objectives only by forceH. Beset (缠扰) by friction and dissension (冲突，纠纷) among its members, the League took no further actionI. Britain and France, pledged to support Poland in the event of aggression, declared war on Germany two days laterJ. It was a dangerous venture, for Britain and France could have overwhelmed Germany, but, resolved to keep the peace, they took no actionK. The recalcitrant (顽抗旳) Finns were subdued in the Winter War of 1939-1940, but only after dealing the Russians several humiliating military reversesL. War’s end found the United States and the USSR the two greatest powers in the worldIV. Word Formations. (10 points, 1 point for each)Directions: Complete each of the following sentences with the proper form of the word in the brackets. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.41. (significant) It is a waste of time to listen to his ______talk.42. (astonish) I was ______ at the news of his escape.43. (bankruptcy) Our business is at the crossing. If this deal does not succeed, we shallbe______.44. (vain) Before they fled the country, the enemy ______attempted to destroy all thefactories.45. (extinct) His movie of the______of dinosaurs was a great success.46. (exist) In her speech, the Minister came out against any change to the ______law.47. (patient) The nurse has been criticized for the third time for she is always ______withher patients.48. (mystery) There are many______stories about the Egyptian pyramids.49. (valid) This ticket has passed its expiration date, and so it is now______.50. (deprivation) If you drive too fast, the police will______you of your licence.V. Gap Filling. (10 points, 1 point for each)Directions: The following passage is taken from the textbook. Fill in the numbered gaps with the correct form of the words or phrases in the box (there are more words than necessary). Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.Before the war ended, these thirteen states realized that they would need to work together in peacetime as they had been 51. ______ to do in wartime. In 1782 they put into effect a plan for 52.______ under a federal system. This meant that each of the states would remain 53. ______ in many ways but would join with the others in a government that would be able to do thingsthat individual states could not do by themselves with success. Unfortunately this plan did not provide for a federal government strong enough to 54.______ it to do what needed to be done. This became clear after a few years of experience. In 1786 a call went out to all the states inviting them to send delegates to a meeting to be held in Philadelphia in the spring of 1787. This meeting was the Constitutional Convention, a great 55.________ point in American history.No more important meeting has ever been held in America. To it came fifty-five men, 56. ______ them some of the most famous men in our history. They included George Washington who presided over the convention, Benjamin Franklin, James Madison, and Alexander Hamilton. They worked 57.______ and in secret from May well into September and adjourned only after they had written a new plan of government to be sent to the thirteen states for 58.______ The document was the Constitution of the United States. A great English statesman called this constitution “the most 59. ______ work known to me in modern times to have been produced by the human intellect, at a single stroke (so to speak), in its 60. ______ to political affairs.” Before 1788 had ended, the Constitution had been approved in most of the states and in 1789 it went into effect. Since then it has been the fundamental law of the nation.(From The Constitution of the United States) VI. Short Answer Questions. (10 points, 5 points for each)Directions: The following 2 questions are based on Passage Four in this test paper. Read the passage carefully again and answer the questions briefly by referring back to Passage Four. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.61. What’s the function of education in a society? Why does the public education show great interest in exceptional children?62. What does the statement “All men are created equal.” mean according to the passage?VII. Translation. (10 points, 2 points for each)Directions: The following excerpt is taken from the textbook. Read the paragraphs carefully and translate into Chinese each of the numbered and underlined parts.It was twenty years ago and I was living in Paris. 63. I had a tiny apartment in the Latin Quarter overlooking a cemetery and I was earning barely enough money to keep body and soul together. She had read a book of mine and had written to me about it. I answered, thanking her, and presently I received from her another letter saying that she was passing through Paris and。

自考英语一试题及答案

自考英语一试题及答案一、阅读理解（共20分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

Passage 1In the past, people used to think that the world was flat. However, with the development of science and technology, we now know that the Earth is round. The Earth is not a perfect sphere, but an oblate spheroid, which means it is slightly flattened at the poles and bulging at the equator. This shape is due to the Earth's rotation, which causes the equatorial region to bulge outward.1. What was the common belief about the Earth's shape in the past?A. The Earth is round.B. The Earth is flat.C. The Earth is an oblate spheroid.D. The Earth is a perfect sphere.2. What causes the Earth to be slightly flattened at the poles?A. The Earth's rotation.B. The Earth's gravity.C. The Earth's magnetic field.D. The Earth's atmosphere.Passage 2The Internet has revolutionized the way we communicate, work, and live. It has made information more accessible and has connected people across the globe. However, with the rise of social media, there has been a concern about privacy and the spread of misinformation. Despite these challenges, the Internet remains an essential tool for modern life.3. What is one of the main benefits of the Internet mentioned in the passage?A. It has made information more accessible.B. It has reduced global communication.C. It has increased the cost of communication.D. It has decreased the need for privacy.4. What is a concern associated with the rise of social media?A. The spread of accurate information.B. The improvement of privacy.C. The spread of misinformation.D. The reduction of global connectivity.二、词汇与结构（共20分）用所给词的适当形式填空。

4月全国自考英语阅读(一)试题及答案解析

全国2018年4月高等教育自学考试英语阅读(一)试题课程代码：00595PART ONE (70 POINTS)Ⅰ.TEXT COMPREHENSIONThe following comprehension questions are based on the texts you have learned, and each of them is provided with 4 choices marked A,B,C and D. Choose the best answer to each question and write the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET.(20 points ,1 point each)1.“With that chain on his watch ,Jim might loot at the time in any company.”The underlined partin this sentence from Gifts of the Magi means ____.A. in the presence of any personB. while working in a firmC. when interviewed by a corporationD. doing any business2.According to The Wife of Bath's Tale, what women want most is ____.A. jewels and moneyB. happinessC. fine clothesD. leadership in the family3.In The Fisherman and His Wife, the Fisherman was ____ when his wife wished for one thing after another.A. tolerant but not pleasedB. bewildered but not madC. anguished but not rebelliousD. furious but not daring4.In Little Match Girl, when her little hands were almost benumbed with cold, the little match girl ____.A. thought of the kindness of her grandmotherB. thought of the pleasant smell of the roast gooseC. went home but received a beating from her fatherD. rubbed the match against the wall and warmed her hands5.The title of the story A Day's Wait most probably means that the boy ____.A. had been waiting all day to dieB. had waited a whole day for his father to come backC. had been waiting all day to recover from his illnessD. had waited a whole day before the drugs took effect6.According to Bringing up Children,“upbringing”and “education”are ____.A. merely two different terms for the same processB. the same term for the different processes1C. two utterly different but closely related processes because children are involved in differentenvironmentsD. interdependent because both parents and teachers are responsible for the opportunities providedfor children's development7.The National Gallery in London overlooks ____.A. ParliamentB. Trafalgar SquareC. the National Gallery of British ArtD. the National Portrait Gallery8.According to How to Live like a Millionaire, most millionaires measure success by ____.A. incomeB. consumptionC. investment worth9.Based on the passage United Nations, which of the following statements is NOT true?____.A. The U.N. has the right to intervene in the member states' internal affairs.B. All the member states, big or small, have the same rights and obligations.C. The day that United Nations came into existence is United Nations Day.D. Armed forces should not be used except in protecting the common interest.10.According to Universities and Polytechnics,London University is similar to Oxford andCambridge in that ____.A. they all consist of many constituent collegesB. they were all founded in the 13th centuryC. students all live outside the campusD. they set up a different pattern of university life11.“Hitler knows that he will have to break us in this island or lose the war. If we can stand up tohim, all Europe may be free. But if we fail, then the whole world, including the United States, will sink into a Dark Age.”This quotation comes from the famous speech of ____ during the Second World War.A. Queen VictoriaB. George V.C. Lloyd GeorgeD. Winston Churchill12.The information from What Body Language Can Tell You That Words Cannot best supportswhich of the following statements?A. It is never too late to learn something new.B. Action speaks louder than words.C. Wisdom is born of experience.D. It is easier to preach than to practice.13.Through the examples given in Nonverbal Communication, the writer tries to tell us that ____.A. the nonverbal behavior of animals is instinctive, but it is not the case with humansB. animals have more elaborate nonverbal behavior than humans2C. nonverbal communication exists in both humans and animals naturallyD. humans might imitate each other's nonverbal behavior whereas animals' are entirely inborn14.The story The Girls in Their Summer Dresses deals with the subject of ____.A. the individual's lifestyle and outlookB. a person's imaginationC. the fashion of a certain periodD. the tradition of a society15.In The Constitution of the United States, ____is considered a great turning point in American history.A. the revolt against British ruleB. the Constitutional ConventionC. the establishment of legislature in each colonyD. the aid of France through independence16.In Lady in the Dark, which of the following words best describes Mrs. Courtenay's behavior inthe face of danger?A. Irritable.B. Scared.C. Calm.D. Watchful.17.According to Helen Keller in Three Days to See,which of the following statements is NOTtrue?A. Darkness would make people more appreciative of sight.B. Silence would teach people the joys of sound.C. It would be an excellent rule to live each day as if we should die tomorrow.D. Court records reveal every day how accurately “eyewitnesses”see.18.At the end of the story by Jerome K. Jerome, getting up too early had been a ____to George.A. routineB. necessityC. warningD. pleasure19.According to some official records, the earliest Olympic Games took place ____.A. in the seventh century A.D.B. before 700 B.C.C. over three thousand years agoD. a thousand years ago20.Which of the following novels is NOT written by Charlotte Brontë ?A. Pride and PrejudiceB. The ProfessorC. Jane EyreD. ShirleyⅡ.READING COMPREHENSIONIn this part there are 4 reading passages followed by 20 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A,B,C and D. You should decide on the best answer or the best choice to complete the statement and write the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points, 2 points each)3Passage 1There are two basic differences between the large and the small enterprises. In the small enterprise you operate primarily through personal contacts. In the large enterprise you have established “policies,”“channels”of organization, and fairly rigid procedures. In the small enterprise you have, moreover, immediate effectiveness in a very small area. You can see the effect of your work and of your decisions right away, once you are a little above the ground floor. In the large enterprise even the man at the top is only part of a big machine. To be sure, his actions affect a much greater area than the actions and decisions of the man in the small organization, but his effectiveness is remote, indirect, and difficult to see at first sight. In a small and even in a middle-sized business you are normally exposed to all kinds of experiences, and expected to do a great many things without too much help or guidance. In the large organization you are normally taught one thing thoroughly. In the small one the danger is of becoming a jack-of-all-trades and master of none. In the large one it is of becoming the man who knows more and more about less and less.There is one other important thing to consider: do you get a deep sense of satisfaction from being a member of a well-known organization--General Motors, the Bell Telephone System, the government? Or is it more important to you to be a well-known and important figure within your own small pond? There is a basic difference between the satisfaction that comes from being a member of a large, powerful, and generally known organization, and the one that comes from being a member of a family; between impersonal grandeur and personal —often much too personal —intimacy; between life in a small office on the top floor of a skyscraper and life in a crossroads gas station.21.It can be inferred from the first paragraph that in a large enterprise ____.A. new technology is employed quicklyB. all people work efficientlyC. one's effectiveness is felt very slowlyD. one can get promotion easily22.Generally speaking, the person working in a large enterprise ____.A. has to deal with a great many thingsB. knows how everything is going on around himC. acquires increasingly thorough knowledge within a limited fieldD. feels more secure than the one employed by a small enterprise23.In the second paragraph, the writer mentions “your own small pond”to refer to ____.A. a top leader in a larger enterpriseB. a manager of a small enterpriseC. a large enterpriseD. a small enterprise424.According to the information provided in the passage, if you are interested in personal intimacy, you should work ____.A. for General MotorsB. for the Bell Telephone SystemC. in a department in the governmentD. in a crossroads gas station25.The writer of this passage ____.A. compares the large and the small enterprises objectivelyB. obviously prefers to work for a large enterpriseC. intends to show the advantages of working in a small businessD. explains the disadvantages of being a top leader in a large businessPassage 2In the old days, when a glimpse of stockings was looked upon as something far too shocking to distract the serious work of an office, secretaries were men.Then came the First World War and the male secretaries were replaced by women. A man's secretary became his personal servant ,charged with remembering his wife's birthday and buying her presents; taking his suits to dry-cleaners; telling lies on the telephone to keep people he did not wish to speak to at bay; and of course, typing and filing and taking shorthand.Now all this may be changing again .The microchip (集成块) and high technology is sweeping the British office, taking with it much better of the routine clerical work that secretaries did.“Once office technology takes over generally, the status of the job will rise again because it will involve only the high-powered work—and then men will want to do it again.”That was said by one of the executives(male) of one of the biggest secretarial agencies in this country.What he has predicted is already under way in the U.S.Once high technology has made the job of secretary less routine, will there be a male takeover? Men should beware of thinking that they can walk right into better jobs. There are a lot of women secretaries who will do the job as well as they—not just because they can buy negligees(妇女长睡衣) for the boss's wife, but because they are as efficient and well-trained to cope with word processors and computers as men.26.Before 1914 female secretaries were rare because they ______.A. were less efficient than menB. were not as serious as menC. liked stockings5D. would have disturbed other office workers27.Besides fulfilling other duties, a female secretary was expected to _____.A. be her boss's memoryB. clean her boss's clothesC. do what her boss asked her toD. telephone her boss's wife28.Secrtaries,until recently, had to do a lot of work now done by _____.A. machinesB. other staffC. servantsD. wives29.A secretary in the future will ______.A. be better paidB. have higher statusC. have less work to doD. have more work to do30.The writer believes that before long _____.A. both men and women will be qualified secretariesB. men will be better than machinesC. men will take over women's jobs as secretariesD. women will operate most office machinesPassage 3Clutter is the disease of American writing. We are a society strangling in unnecessary words, circular constructions, pompous frills and meaningless jargon.Who really knows what the average businessman is trying to say in the average business letter? What member of an insurance or medical plan can decipher the brochure that tells him what his costs and benefits are? What father or mother can put together a child's toy—on Christmas Eve or any other eve—from the instructions on the box? Our national tendency is to inflate and thereby sound important. The airline pilot who wakes us to announce that he is presently anticipating experiencing considerable weather wouldn't dream of saying that there's a storm ahead and it may get bumpy. The sentence is too simple—there must be something wrong with it.But the secret of good writing is to strip every sentence to its cleanest components. Every word that serves no function, every long word that could be a short word, every adverb winch carries the same meaning that is already in the verb, every passive construction that leaves the reader unsure of who is doing what—these are the thousand and one adulterants (赘词)that weaken the strength of a sentence. And they usually occur, ironically, in proportion to education and rank.During the late 1960's the president of Princeton University wrote a letter to mollify the alumni6after a spell of campus unrest. “You are probably aware,”he began,“that we have been experiencing very considerable potentially explosive expressions of dissatisfaction on issues only partially related.”He meant that the students had been hassling them about different things. As an alumnus I was far more upset by the president's syntax than by the students' potentially explosive expression of dissatisfaction. I would have preferred the presidential approach taken by Franklin D. Roosevelt when he tried to convert into English his own government's memos, such as this blackout order of 1942:Such preparations shall be made as will completely obscure all Federal buildings and non-Federal buildings occupied by the Federal government during an air raid for any period of time from visibility by reasons of internal or external illumination.“Tell them,”Roosevelt said,“that in buildings where they have to keep the work going to put something across the windows.”31.What is the author's main purpose in writing the passage?A. To show the intellectual level of most Americans.B. To criticize wordy writing.C. To inform readers of the American writing style.D. To describe the best way of communication.32.The reason why the author quotes Roosevelt is to ____.A. provide evidence for the government documentB. reveal the hidden power of wordsC. give an example of the authority's role during the crisisD. show how simply the blackout order could have been stated33.According to the passage, the airline pilot avoids using the word“storm”because the word____.A. may frighten the passengersB. is ambiguousC. is too ordinary.D. sounds important34.The author gives the example of the president of Princeton in order to show that____.A. educated people usually communicate clearlyB. educated people tend to act like leadersC. simplicity is something easily forgotten by leaders or educated peopleD. simplicity is not suitable for the style of leaders or educated people35.Which of the following words is NOT negatively slanted?A. ClutterB. JargonC. DecipherD. BrochurePassage 47When I first considered becoming a college professor, tenure was not an attraction or even an issue. I was drawn to the profession by the work and the environment. Even after earning a Ph.D., spending time working in Washington D.C., and finally getting my first teaching job in public administration, I was not particularly concerned with tenure. I now work at a regional institution that requires an attainable balance between teaching, research, and service. I have always been a hard worker and see no reason to stop.But my vision of tenure has changed, I do not want to always by the same kind of professor I am now. Now, I am working on articles, course preparations, learning the details of the curriculum so I can advise students, and building institutional knowledge by serving on university committees. Today, my productivity is high and I focus on “collecting beans,”tomorrow, I would like to focus on quality.Whether tenure can give me the opportunity to focus on quality is questionable, but the idea of longevity is a concept that seems to have broad acceptance in most professions. My friends who became lawyers and accountants spend their time talking about becoming partners; medical doctors talk about establishing a practice; civil servants are protected by the merit system. The professionals in these fields serve a probationary period(试用期) and demonstrate competence to attain a certain level of freedom in their fields. After that, we expect that their professionalism can be used to serve society.Are college professors and universities different from lawyers, law firms, and the American Bar Association or doctors, practices, and the American Medical Association? The answer is both yes and no. Rarely does one hear about a professor being brought to court for malpractice. Still, the college professors I know work long hours, serve arduous, poorly-paid probationary periods, are dedicated to their students and their fields and do not want to work in another profession after they have arrived in this one. Thus tenure is often seen as the reward for years of struggle. Tenure, therefore, has become something important to me, specifically as a way to become firmly established in my profession.36.What does “tenure”probably mean in the passage?A. The reward to a lawyer or an accountant for his or her hard work.B. The right to keep one's job at a university until retirement.C. The chance of being promoted to a higher administrative position.D. The possibility of establishing one's own practice after a probationary period.37.By “I do not want to always be the same kind of professor I am now,”the author means that______.A. he is thinking of leaving his present jobB. he does not really enjoy writing articles or preparing for courses8C. he wants to do something more important and worthwhileD. he does not like the teaching environment any more38.In the second paragraph, “collecting beans”is nearest in meaning to ______.A.“making significant contributions”B.“making small achievements”C.“enjoying the rewards of hard work”D.“gaining greater professional competence”39.Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A. The writer is not sure that tenure would let him focus on quality.B. Young lawyers look forward to sharing the ownership of the firm they work for.C. College professors have small salaries until their probationary period is over.D. College professors may consider working in some other professions if they are not properlyrewarded.40.The writer mentions lawyers and accountants in order to ______.A. explain why he chose teaching as his careerB. illustrate how other professionals view their workC. prove that professors and other professionals have the same idea about qualityD. show that college professors' expectation of job security is reasonableⅢ.SKIMMING AND SCANNINGIn this part there are 3 reading passages followed by 10 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A,B,C and D. Skim or scan the passages, then decide on the best answer and write the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points, 1 point each)Passage 1Nurse Kettle took the river path. Dusk had fallen over the valley and as she descended into it her own footfall sounded unnaturally loud on the firm turf. Thump, Thump, Thump, she went, down the hillside. Were those only her footsteps? She stopped dead, tilted her head and listened. Only occasional rural sounds disturbed the quiet of nightfall. She could actually hear the cool voice of the stream.She did not cross Harper's Bridge but followed a rough path along the right bank of the river, past a group of alders and another of willows, this second group, extending in a sickle-shaped mass from the water's edge into Harper's Meadow, rose up in the dusk. She could smell willow leaves and wet soil. As sometimes happens when we are solitary, she had the sensation of being observed but she was not a fanciful woman and soon dismissed the feeling.“It's turned much cooler,”she thought.9A cry of mourning, intolerably loud, rose from beyond the willows and hung on the night air. A brown bird whirred out of the thicket close to her face and the cry broke and moved again gently in several different directions. It was the howl of a dog. She pushed through the thicket into a clearing by the river and found the body of Colonel Carter with his dog Skip bedside him, mourning him.41.Why did Nurse Kettle suddenly stop?A. She thought she was dying.B. She wondered if she was alone.C. She wanted to hear the sound of the stream.D. She thought she heard a voice.42.Which direction did Nurse Kettle take when she reached Harper’s Bridge?A. She crossed it and continued along the right bank.B. She didn't cross it and turned away from the trees.C. She followed a path through some tress.D. She followed a path by the river bank.43.What caused Nurse Kettle to feel that she was being watched?A. The strange shape in the mist.B. The damp smell of the wet earth.C. A sense of not being alone.D. A drop in the temperature.44.Where did Nurse Kettle discover the body of Colonel Carter?A. In some thick bushes.B. In the river with his dog.C. Among the willow trees.D. In an opening beyond the bushes.Passage 2The idea of “a chain of stores,”buying directly from the manufacturer in large quantities and selling in many different places throughout the country, had its beginning with Woolworth, Kress, Kresge, and others who followed them. They were the forerunners of the large retail chain and department stores. These men had the vision to see that the more the manufacturers produced, the greater would be the saving to the consumer.Frank Woolworth was born in the town of Rodman in New York State, in the year 1855. He had a poverty-stricken childhood, which meant hardly enough to eat, one pair of boots a year, and never a warm coat for the winter. Frank did not like farming. He dreamed of being a railroad engineer. Later, he changed his ambition and wanted to become a merchant.10When Frank Woolworth was a young man, apprenticeship was still in existence, particularly in the eastern part of the United States. A boy was taken into a business to learn a trade, or to learn how to conduct the business. He was considered to be worth very little to the owner during his learning period. Sometimes, the apprentice would be given his board and a room. The businessman felt that he was doing something worthwhile for the young man he took as an apprentice. He reasoned that it was like sending the young man to a school and paying his tuition.Woolworth managed to take a short commercial course which he knew he needed to become a merchant. At first, he was given a small wage of three dollars and fifty cents a week in the firm of Moore and Smith. After a while Woolworth came to the conclusion that while he was not a good salesman, he could trim the store and dress the windows to attract customers. In time, he worked up to six dollars a week. Another merchant offered him ten dollars a week and Woolworth decided that it was enough to marry on. Unfortunately, his new employer was not interested in having his windows dressed. And after a week or two of Woolworth's poor salesmanship, he reduced his wages to eight dollars a week.With a wife to support now, Woolworth decided to try farming. He bought a farm on mortgage and he and his wife raised chickens. But in a short time farming bored him. Besides, Moorc and Smith asked him to return to his job. They found that they needed Woolworth as a window trimmer, to attract customers. When they offered him the job at ten dollars a week, Woolworth went back to working in the store.45.One thing that a store chain can do but an independent storekeeper cannot do is to ______.A. hold salesB. competeC. advertiseD. buy in large quantities46.Frank Woolworth had ability in ______.A. farmingB. salesmanshipC. dressing store windowsD. bargaining47.Woolworth's first ambition was to become ______.A. a farmerB. a railroad engineerC. a merchantD. a designerPassage 3More and more residences, businesses, and even government agencies are using telephone answering machines to take messages or give information or instructions. Sometimes these machines give confusing instructions, or play messages that are difficult to understand. If you make telephone calls, you need to be ready to respond if you get a recording.The most common machine is the type used in residences. If you call a home where there is a telephone answering machine in operation you will hear several rings and then a recorded message11that usually says something like this:“Hello. We can't come to the phone right now. If you want us to call you back, please leave your name and number after the beep.”Then you will hear a “beep,”which is a brief, high-pitched tone. After the beep, you can say who you are, whom you want to speak to, and what number the person should call to reach you, or you can leave a message. Some telephone answering machines record for only 20 or 30 seconds after the beep, so you must respond quickly.Some large businesses and government agencies are using telephone answering machines to provide information on topics about which they receive a large volume of inquires. Using these systems requires you to have a touch-tone phone(a phone with buttons rather than a rotary dial). The voice on the machine will tell you to push a certain button on your telephone if you want information on Topic A, another button for Topic B, and so on. You listen until you hear the topic you want to learn about, and then you push the appropriate button. After making your selection, you will hear a recorded message on the topic.48.In the passage, the writer elaborates on ______.A. the problems of telephone answering machinesB. the beep of the telephone answering machinesC. touch-tone phonesD. how to use telephone answering machines49.“Beep”is a brief, high-pitched tone used ______.A. to urge the caller to speak more quicklyB. to urge the caller to respond quicklyC. as a signal to remind the caller of the time leftD. as a signal to remind the caller that he may leave a message50.Which of the following would be the best title of this passage?A. Directions of Telephone Answering MachinesB. Advantages of Telephone Answering MachinesC. Know-how of Telephone Answering MachinesD. Problems of Telephone Answering MachinesPART TWO (30 POINTS)Ⅳ.WORD FORMATIONSComplete each of the following sentences with the proper form of the word in the brackets. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points, 1 point each)51.(short) The drop in the birth rate 20 years ago has created a severe ______ of workers.52.(strong) Fresh evidence has greatly ______ the case against him.53.(grow) The US portion of the Internet is experiencing rapid ______ in the number ofnetworks connected to it.54.(courage) I want to thank everyone who has ______ and supported me.1255.(increase) As resources become______ scarce, choices have to be made and priorities set.56.(memory) They listen to stories, ______ nursery rhymes, read picture books and gain otherexperiences that prepare them to read.57.(fortunate) I would have been here an hour ago. but ______ I missed the train.58.(accept) Smoking is no longer considered socially ______ by many people.59.(addition) They appeared to be checking only if there were any ______ persons in it.60.(approve) We need parental ______ before allowing students to go on field trips.Ⅴ.ANSWER THE QUESTIONSThere are 4 groups of simple questions in this part, which are based on the texts you have learned. Give a brief answer to each of the questions. Your answers must be to the point and grammatically correct. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(20 points, 5 points each)61.Who are the lovers in the selection from The Decameron? What are they like? What happens tothem?(from The Decameron) 62.What is the king's semibarbaric method of administering justice in The Lady or the Tiger?What difficulty does the princess face in the case of her lover?(from The Lady or the Tiger) 63.What animals are mentioned in The Animals of Aesop? What is the moral of each of the fables?(from The Animals of Aesop) 64.According to The Story of the Bible, how were Adam and Eve created? Why were they drivenout of Paradise?(from The Story of the Bible)13。

全国自考(英语阅读一)模拟试卷1(题后含答案及解析)

全国自考（英语阅读一）模拟试卷1(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. CAREFUL READING 2. SPEED READING 3. DISCOURSE CLOZE 4. WORD FORMATIONS 5. GAP FILLING 6. SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS 7. TRANSLATIONCAREFUL READINGPronouncing a language is a skill. Every normal person is expert in the skill of pronouncing his own language ; but few people are even moderately proficient at pronouncing foreign languages. Now there are many reasons for this, some obvious, some perhaps not so obvious. But I suggest that the fundamental reason why people in general do not speak foreign languages very much better than they do is that they fail to grasp the true nature of the problem of learning to pronounce, and consequently pronouncing a foreign language is a skill one that needs careful training of a special kind,and one that cannot be acquired by just leaving it to take care of itself, I think even teachers of language while recognizing the importance of a good accent, tend to neglect, in their practical teaching, the branch of study concerned with speaking the language. So the first point I want to make is that English pronunciation must be taught; the teacher should be prepared to devote some of the lesson time to this, and by his whole attitude to the subject should get the student to feel, that here is a matter worthy of receiving his close attention. So, there should be occasions, when other aspects of English, such as grammar or spelling, are allowed for the moment to take second place. Apart from this question of the time given to pronunciation,there are two other requirements for the teacher: the first, knowledge; the second, technique. It is important that the teacher should be in possession of the necessary information. This can generally be obtained from books. It is possible to get from books some idea of the mechanics of speech, and of what we call general phonetic theory. It is also possible in this way to get a clear mental picture of the relationship between the sounds of different languages, between the speech habits of English people and those, say, of your students. Unless the teacher has such a picture, any comments he may make on his students’ pronunciation are unlikely to be of much use, and lesson time spent on pronunciation may well be time wasted. But it does not follow that you can teach pronunciation successfully as soon as you have read the necessary books. It depends after that what use you make of your knowledge; and this is a matter of technique.1．What does the writer actually say about pronouncing foreign languages? ( ) A．Only a few people are really proficient.B．No one is really an expert in the skill.C．There aren’t many people who are even fairly good.D．There are even some people who are moderately proficient.正确答案：C解析：细节题。

自考英语阅读一一考通阅读练习题

Unit 1单元同步练习I. Careful ReadingDirections: In this section, there are 3 reading passages followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. You should decide on the best answer and blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet. Passage 1Large companies need a way to reach the savings of the public at large. The same problem, on a smaller scale, faces practically every company trying to develop new products and create new jobs. There can be little prospect of raising the sort of sums needed from friends and people we know, and while banks may agree to provide short-term finance, they are generally unwilling to provide money on a permanent basis for long-term projects. So companies turn to the public, inviting people to lend them money, or take a share in the business in exchange for a share in future profits. Thus they do by issuing stocks and shares in the business through the Stock Exchange. By doing so they can put into circulation the savings of individuals and institutions, both at home and overseas.When the saver needs his money back, he does not have to go to the company with whom he originally placed it. Instead, he sells his shares through a stockbroker to some other saver who is seeking to invest his money.Many of the services needed both by industry and by each of us are provided by the government or by local authorities. Without hospitals, roads, electricity, telephones, railways, this country could not function. All these require continuous spending on new equipment and new development if they are to serve us properly, requiring more money than is raised through taxes alone. The government, local authorities and nationalized industries therefore frequently need to borrow money to finance major capital spending, and they, too, come to the Stock Exchange.There is hardly a man or woman in this country whose job or whose standard of living does not depend on the ability of his or her employers to raise money to finance new development. In one way or another this new money must come from the savings of the country. The Stock Exchange exists to provide a channel through which these savings can reach those who need finance.1. Almost all companies trying to develop new products and create ne jobs have to ____.A. borrow large sums of money from friends and relativesB. persuade the banks to provide long-term financeC. rely on their own financial resourcesD. depend on the population as a whole for finance2. The money which enables these companies to go ahead with their projects is ___.A. raised by selling the shares in the companiesB. raised by putting into circulation the savings of individuals overseasC. repaid to its original owners as soon as possibleD. invested in different companies on the Stock Exchange3. When the savers want their money back they ___.A. go to the company to take it backB. have to borrow money from other peopleC. put their shares in the company back on the marketD. transfer their money to a more successful company4. All the essential services on which we depend are ___.A. run by the government or out local authoritiesB. in constant need of financial supportC. unable to meet the needs of the populationD. financed wholly by rates and taxes5. The Stock Exchange makes it possible for the government, local authorities and nationalized industries to ___.A. make certain everybody saves moneyB. borrow as much money as they wishC. raise money to finance new developmentsD. make certain everybody lends money to themPassage 2Lacking a cure for AIDS, society must offer education, not only by public pronouncement but in classrooms. Those with AIDS or those at high risk of AIDS suffer prejudice; they are feared by some people who find living itself unsafe, while others feared by some people who find living itself unsafe, while others conduct themselves with a “bravado故作勇敢”that could be fatal. AIDS has afflicted a society already short on humanism, open-handedness and optimism. Attempts to strike it out with the offending microbe细菌are not abetted教唆by pre-existing social ills. Such concerns impelled me to offer the first university level undergraduate AIDS course, with its two important aims.To address the fact that AIDS is caused by a virus, not by moral failure or societal collapse. The proper response to AIDS is compassion couples with an understanding of the disease itself. We wanted to foster (help the growth of ) the idea of a humane society.To describe how AIDS tests institutions upon which our society rests. The economy, the political system, science, the legal establishment, the media and our moral ethical-philosophical attitudes must respond to the disease. Those responses, whispered, or shrieked, easily accepted or highly controversial, must be put in order if the nation is to manage AIDS. Scholars have suggested that how a society deals with the threat of AIDS describes the extent to which what society has the right to call itself civilized. AIDS, then, is woven into the tapestry挂毯of modern society; in the course of explaining that tapestry, a teacher realizes that AIDS may bring about changes of historic proportions. Democracy obliges its educational system to prepare students to become informed citizens, to join their voices to the public debate inspired by AIDS. Who shall direct just what resources of manpower and money to the problem of AIDS? Even more basic, who shall formulate a national policy on AIDS? The educational challenge, then, is to enlighten the individual and the societal, or public, responses to AIDS.1. What is the passage mainly talking about?A. The necessity of the education about AIDS.B. How to achieve the mains of AIDS courses.C. He wanted to teach the students that AIDS resulted from moral failure.D. People take improper attitudes towards AIDS and those with or at high risk of AIDS.3. The word “afflict” in the third sentence of the first paragraph most probably means “___”.A. benefitB. cause suffering toC. teachD. draw attention from4. What does the author think is the correct response to AIDS?A. Fear and contempt.B. Optimism and bravado.C. Understanding and compassion.D. Resentment and avoidance.5. Which of the following can best explain “AIDS tests the institutions upon which our society rests” according to the passage?A. AIDS is a sign of moral failure and social collapse.B. AIDS indicates that our social systems have been very inefficient.C. The responses of a society to the threat of AIDS determines whether and to what extent the society can be called civilized.D. The spreading of the fatal disease suggests that the nation’s resources have been wrongly used. II. Speed ReadingDirections: Skim or scan the following passages, and then decide on the best answer andf blacken the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet.Passage 1BUnit 59. CinderellaJacob Grimm Wilhelm GrimmTextUnit 1121. Prometheus---A Story from Greek MythsTextBefore Zeus became chief of all the gods on Mount Olympus, there were other gods—children of a the Sky and the Earth. Some of them, the Titans, were savage and cruel. For ten years, Zeus and his brothers and sisters fought against the Titans. Finally, with the help of one-eyed giants called Cyclops, the Titans were defeated, and Zeus sent them all to a fiery prison in the underworld.One of these Titans, named Prometheus, was very wise. He had guessed that Zeus would win the war, and had therefore fought on his side. He had convinced his brother, Epimetheus, to do the same.Thus, when there was peace again, and Zeus sat on his throne on Mount Olympus, he sent forPrometheus. In gratitude for Prometheus’ helps, Zeus gave him great power. He sent him to earth and told him to earth and told him to make mortal man out of clay. When Prometheus had made his statues of men out of clay, said Zeus, he would come and breathe life into them. They were to be only men—no women or children.Zeus told Prometheus to teach the mortals anything they needed to know in order to live. He was also to teach them the arts, so that they could build beautiful temples to honour the gods. There was, in fact, only one thing he could not teach them.“You may give the morals any gift except the gift of fire,” said Zeus, “Fire belongs to the gods only, and must be kept on Mount Olympus.”Prometheus was happy to be of service to man. He taught people how to make their own tools and how to build homes for themselves. He taught them how to plant and grow their own food, and how to use animals to make their work easier. He even taught them how to make music and how to paint. But without fire, life on earth was very difficult. Food had to be eaten raw; houses could not be kept ward. Tools had to be of stone, because there was no fire for working metals.Athena, daughter of Zeus, had been watching over Prometheus and had helped him in his work. Now, because Prometheus was kind and wanted man to be comfortable on earth, he called upon Athena to help him get fire from Mount Olympus. She knew that Zeus was away and promised to lead Prometheus to Mount Olympus by a secret path. Before leaving, Prometheus called his brother Epimetheus to him and to him what he was going to do.“My brother,” said Prometheus, “I know that when I steal the fire from the heavens, Zeus will be very angry. He will, I am sure, punish me severely. I am willing to accept punishment if you will promise to take my place. I love mankind, and want to be sure that you will carry on my work.”Sadly, Epimetheus gave his promise. Then Prometheus added, “Be very careful when I am gone. Be sure, above all, that you do not do anything to anger Zeus. He has great powers, and is to be feared.”Then Athena led Prometheus to Mount Olympus. Just as he arrived, Apollo came back from his day’s journey in his chariot of the sun. Prometheus lit a torch from the chariot and put the fire in a hollow stalk that he concealed under his cloak. Then he stole away without being seen by any of the gods, and brought his fire to earth.When Prometheus lit the first compfire on earth, the people were afraid of it. But they trusted him, and so they came closer and closer and enjoyed the fire’ pleasant warmth and beautiful glow.Prometheus knew that he would not have much time before Zeus discovered that he had been disobedient. But he also knew that, powerful as Zeus was, once a god had given a gift it could not be taken away. So he quickly taught the mortals how to use the gift of fire.Now Zeus was a jealous god. He grudged men all the gifts that Prometheus had given them and he was angry with Prometheus for teaching men so many things.。

2003年4月全国自学考试--英语阅读(一)试题(1)

2003年4月全国自学考试--英语阅读（一）试题(1)各位读友大家好，此文档由网络收集而来，欢迎您下载，谢谢全部题目用用英文作答，并将答案写在答题纸相应的位置上，否则不计分。

part oneⅰ.text cmomprehensionthe following comprehension questions are based on the texts you have learned, and each of them is provided with 4 choices marked ,,and.choose the best answer to each question and write it on the answer sheet.(20 points,1 point each)gifts of the magi, both “gift” and “magus” are in plural, BECause o. henry wants to tell the reader that .people are kind to mr. and mrs. youngmr. young loves mr. youngmrs. young loves mr. youngmr. and mrs. young love each other2. “i am not sure what i am rebelling against, but i really don’t see a need for marriage. that isn’t a statement about my feelings about the relationship, because there is no less strength of commitment.” the underlined clause means .the married couples have more responsibility for each otherthe cohabiting couples have more responsibility for each otherthe married couples and the cohabiting ones show no responsibility for each otherboth the married couples and cohabiting ones should be equally responsible for each other3. “having come to a very remote and deserted spot, they realized their chance had come: catching lorenzo off guard, they killed him.” the underlined phrase means .lorenzo was caught unawareslorenzo was caught off dutylorenzo was handed over to them by their guardslorenzo was caught when his guard was awaythe necklace, when mme. loise1 took back the necklace, how did mme. forrester react?she opened the box and examined the jewel carefully.she said coldly that mme. loise1 shouldn’t have returned it so late.she complained that the necklace had been substituted.she was only too pleased to see her old friend again.5. the fisherman and his wife is of .fable myth fairy story fairy-tale-romancetwain is not the author of .the adventures of tom sawyerthe adventures of huckleberry finnthe celebrated jumping frog of calaveras countythe old man and the sea7. in his fable about a proud crow anda hungry fox, aesop intends to tell the reader that .the fox is never trust worthythe fox is always homey-tonguedit is harmful to believe big talkersit is harmful to listen to excessive flattery8. according to bringing up children, if one stage of child development has been left out, or not sufficiently experienced, .the child may go back and recapture the experience of itthe parents may provide the child with the child with the opportunity to play with toysthe parents must be consistent in their attitude to their childrenthe child should be sent to a childclinic for a psychological treatmenttheme of the story a day’s wait is that .miSUNderstandings can even occur between father and son各位读友大家好，此文档由网络收集而来，欢迎您下载，谢谢。

英语阅读一自考试题及答案

英语阅读一自考试题及答案一、阅读理解（共20分，每题4分）阅读下列短文，然后根据短文内容回答问题。

AThe Internet is changing the way we live and work. It has become an essential tool for many people. With the Internet, we can do many things that were once difficult or impossible. For example, we can now shop online, work from home, and even take classes remotely. The Internet has also made communication easier and faster. We can now send emails, make video calls, and use social media to stay in touch with friends and family. However, the Internet also has its downsides. It can be a source of misinformation and cybercrime. It is important to use the Internet responsibly and be aware of its potential risks.问题：1. What is the main advantage of using the Internet mentioned in the passage?2. What can we do with the Internet that was once difficult or impossible?3. What are some of the potential risks associated with the Internet?4. Why is it important to use the Internet responsibly?答案：1. The main advantage of using the Internet mentioned in the passage is that it has become an essential tool for many people, making communication easier and faster.2. With the Internet, we can now shop online, work from home, and take classes remotely.3. Some of the potential risks associated with the Internet include misinformation and cybercrime.4. It is important to use the Internet responsibly because it can be a source of misinformation and cybercrime, and being aware of its potential risks can help mitigate these issues.BJohn and Mary are brother and sister. They both love to play in the park. One day, they decided to have a race to see who could run faster. John, being the older and stronger of the two, won the race easily. Mary was not happy with the result and decided to practice every day to become faster. After a month of hard work, she challenged John to another race. This time, she won by a small margin. John was surprised but happy for his sister. He realized that with determination and hard work, anyone can improve.问题：5. Who won the first race between John and Mary?6. Why was Mary unhappy after the first race?7. What did Mary do to improve her running speed?8. What lesson did John learn from the second race?答案：5. John won the first race between John and Mary.6. Mary was unhappy after the first race because she lost toher brother.7. To improve her running speed, Mary practiced every day fora month.8. John learned that with determination and hard work, anyone can improve.二、完形填空（共15分，每题3分）阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳选项。

3套自考英语模拟试卷及答案(一)

自考英语模拟试卷及答案一、阅读判断A Pay Rise or Not? “Unless I get a rise, I'll have a talk with the boss, Henry Manley, ”George Strong said to himself．George liked his job and he liked the town he lived in, but his wife kept telling him that his pay was not enough to meet the needs of the family．That was why he was thinking of taking a job in Birmingham．a nearby city, about 50 miles away．He had been offered a job in a factory there, and the pay was far better．George lived in Wyeford, a medium．sized town．He really liked the place and didn't like the idea of moving somewhere else, but if he took the job in Birmingham, he would have to move his family there．Henry Manley was the manager of a small company manufacturing electric motors．The company was in deep trouble because, among other reasons, the Japanese were selling such things at very low prices．As a result, Manley had to cut his own prices and profits as well．Otherwise he would not get any orders at all．Even then, orders were still not coming in fast enough, so that there was no money for mises for his workers．Somehow, he had to struggle along and keep his best workers as well．He sighed．Just then the phone rang．His secretary told him that George Strong wanted to see him as soon as possible．Manley sighed again．He could guess what it was about．George Strong was a very young engineer．The company had no future unless it could attract and keep men like him．Manley rubbed his forehead；his problems seemed endless．1.Henry Manley was already deeply in debt．（A）TRUE（B）FALSE（C）Not Given2.The job that had been offered to George in Birmingham paid better．（A）TRUE（B）FALSE（C）Not Given3.If George took the job in Birmingham, he would have to leave his family at Wyeford．（A）TRUE（B）FALSE（C）Not Given4.Henry Manley's company was in deep trouble．（A）TRUE（B）FALSE（C）Not Given5.Henry Manley's company was making enough profits to raise the workers'wages．（A）TRUE（B）FALSE（C）Not Given6.Henry Manley had no idea at all why George Strong wanted to see him．（A）TRUE（B）FALSE（C）Not Given7.George Strong was the best engineer in Henry Manley's company．（A）TRUE（B）FALSE（C）Not Given8.The electric motors produced by Henry Manley's company are cheaper than those made in Japan．（A）TRUE（B）FALSE（C）Not Given9.Men like George Strong al e important to the future of the company．（A）TRUE（B）FALSE（C）Not Given10.In the end, Henry Manley had a good idea to solve the problem．（A）TRUE（B）FALSE（C）Not Given二、阅读选择The Definition of “Price” Prices determine how resources are to be used．They are also the means by which products and services that are in limited supply are rationed among buyers．The price system of the United States is a complex network composed of the prices of all the products bought and sold in the economy as well as those of a myriad of services, including labor, professional, transportation, and public-utility services．The interrelationships of all these prices make up the “system” of prices．Theprice of any particular product or service is linked to a broad, complicated system of prices in which everything seems to depend more or less upon everything else．If one were to ask a group of randomly selected individuals to define “price”, many would reply that price is an amount of money paid by the buyer to the seller of a product or service or, in other words, that price is the money value of a product or service as agreed upon in a market transaction．This definition is, of course, valid as far as it goes．For a complete understanding of a price in any particular transaction, much more than the amount of money involved must be known．Both the buyer and the seller should be familiar with not only the money amount, but with the amount and quality of the product or service to be exchanged, the time and place at which the exchange will take place and payment will be made, the form of money to be used, the credit terms and discounts that apply to the transaction, guarantees on the product or service, delivery．terms, return privileges, and other factors．In other words, both buyer and seller should be fully aware of all the factors that comprise the total “package” being exchanged for the asked, for amount of money in order that they may evaluate a given price．11.What is the best title for the passage?（A）The Inherent Weaknesses of the Price System．（B）The Complexities of the Price System．（C）Credit Terms in Transactions．（D）Resource Allocation and the Public Sector．12.According to the passage, the price system is related primarily to________．（A）labor and education（B）transportation and insurance（C）utilities and repairs（D）products and services13.According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a factor in the complete understanding of price?（A）Instructions that come with a product．（B）The quantity of a product．（C）The quality of a product．（D）Warranties that cover a product．14.In the last sentence of the passage, “they” refers to________．（A）return privileges（B）all the factors（C）buyer and seller（D）money15.The paragraph following the passage most likely discusses________．（A）unusual ways to advertise products（B）types of payment plans for service（C）theories about how products affect different levels of society（D）how certain elements of a price “package” influence its market value三、概括段落大意和补全句子Science Fiction ①Amongst the most popular books being written today are those which are usually classified as science fiction．Hundreds of tides are published every year and are read by all kinds of people．Furthermore, some of the most successful films of recent years have been based on science fiction stories．②It is often thought that science fiction is a fairly new development in literature, but its ancestors can be found in books written hundreds of years ago．These books were often concerned with the presentation of some form of ideal society, a theme which is still often found inmodern stories．Science fiction is a genre of fiction with imaginative but more or less plausible content such as settings in the future, futuristic science and technology, space travel, parallel universes, aliens, and paranormal abilities．Exploring the consequences of scientific innovations is one purpose of science fiction, making it a “literature of ideas”．Science fiction has been used by authors as a device to discuss philosophical ideas such as identity, desire, morality and social structure．③Most of the classics of science fiction, however, have been written within the last hundred years．Books by writers such as Jules Verne and H．G．Wells, to mention just two well-known authors, have been translated into many languages．④Modem science fiction writers don't write about men from Mars or space adventure stories．They are more interested in predicting the results of technical developments on society and the human mind; or in imagining future worlds which are a reflection of the world which we live in now．Because of this their writing has obvious political undertones．Science fiction is largely based on writing rationally about alternative possible worlds or futures．It is similar to, but differs from fantasy in that, within the context of the story, its imaginary elements are largely possible within scientifically established or scientifically postulated laws of nature(though some elements in a story might still be pure imaginative speculation)．The settings for science fiction are often contrary to consensus reality, but most science fiction relies on a considerable degree of suspension of disbelief, which is facilitated in the reader's mind by potential scientific explanations or solutions to various fictional elements．⑤In all age where science fact frequently overtakes science fiction, the writers may find it difficult to keep ahead of scientific advances．Those who are sufficiently clear-sighted to see the way we are going, however, may provide a valuable lesson on how to deal with the problems which society will inevitably face as it tries to master its new technology．A、Popularity of Science Fiction B、Future Development C、Classicsof Science Fiction D、Difficulty in Keeping Ahead of Scientific Advances E、Its Origin／Past F、Themes of Modem Science Fiction16.Paragraph①17.Paragraph②18.Paragraph③19.Paragraph④20.Paragraph⑤A、a recurrent themeB、to keep ahead of scientific advancesC、reading books of science fictionD、political implicationsE、a current themeF、read worldwide21.Some form of ideal society is________．22.Books written by J．Verne are________．23.People enjoy________．24.Works of modem science fiction have________．25.Writers find it difficult________．四、填句补文The Origin of Mother's Day In the U．S．Mothers'Day is a holiday celebrated on the second Sunday in May．It is a day when children honor their mothers with cards, gifts, and flowers．First observance was in Philadelphia in 1907．【T1】________ Although it wasn't celebrated in the U．S．until 1907, there were days honoring mothers even in the days of ancient Greece．【T2】________ Later, in the 1600's, in England there was an annual observance called “Mothering Sunday”．【T3】________On Mothering Sunday, the servants, who generally lived with their employers, were encouraged to return home and honor their mothers．It was traditional for them to bring a special cake along to celebrate the occasion．Mother's Day was first suggested in the UnitedStates in 1872 by Julia Ward Howe as a day dedicated to peace．In 1907 Ana Jarvis, from Philadelphia, began a campaign to establish a national Mother's Day．Jarvis persuaded her mother's church in Grafton, West Virginia to celebrate Mother's Day on the second anniversary of her mother's death, the 2nd Sunday of May．The next year Mother's Day was also celebrated in Philadelphia．Jarvis and others began aletter-writing campaign to ministers, businessmen, and politicians in their quest to establish a national Mother'8 Day．【T4】________President Woodrow Wilson, in 1914, made the official announcement proclaiming Mother's Day a national observance that was to be held each year on the 2nd Sunday of May．【T5】________Denmark, Finland, Italy, Turkey, Australia, and Belgium celebrate Mother's Day on the second Sunday in May．as in the U．S．A、Mother's day should not be just another day with a few flowers thrown in．B、In those days, however, it was Rhea, the Mother of the gods that was given honor．C、Many other countries of the world celebrate their own Mother's Day at different times throughout the year．D、They were successful．E、It was celebrated during June, on the fourth Sunday．F、It is based on suggestions by Julia Ward Howe in 1872 and by Anna Jarvis in 1907．26.【T1】27.【T2】28.【T3】29.【T4】30.【T5】五、填词补文Women and Sports Nowadays, women in the United States and many other countries participate in a growing hum．bet of sports and games, which is a symbol of socialprogress, of course．This has not always been the ease, however．In fact, women have not been as【B1】________in sports as men for a long time．Only in recent years have women begun to【B2】________up with men in this area．Until the 20th century, women did not often participate in sports．Part of the explanation for this is that women simply did not have time．Many women cooked, cleaned, and took care of children．They were so busy that they did not have time for sports．A second reason, especially in the late nineteenth century, is a Woulan's【B3】________at that time was one of illness and【B4】________．It was unladylike for a woman to get【B5】________in any sports activity．There have been changes in the【B6】________of women in the modem world, and also changes within the world of sports．These changes【B7】________many more women to participate in sports．Women are no longer【B8】________delicate．People do not think it is unladylike for a woman to compete in sports．On the contrary, women who win in sports activities are【B9】________regarded．Many women now take part in sports and games of many【B10】________kinds, and enjoy doing so．This development is partly the result of a change in the image of women in the modern world．A、different B、catch C、allowed D、delicacy E、completely F、involved G、highly H、image I、view J、considered K、active L、favorite31.【B1】32.【B2】33.【B3】34.【B4】35.【B5】36.【B6】37.【B7】38.【B8】39.【B9】40.【B10】六、完形补文Online Dating Online dating is a dating system which allows people to make contact and communicate with each other over the Internet, usually with the object of developing a【C1】________(romance)relationship．Online dating services usually provide matchmaking over the Internet through the use of personal computers or cell phones, Online dating sites generally requires【C2】________(apply)to provide personal information before they can search the database for other individuals using criteria they set, such as age, gender, race, religion and【C3】________(locate)．Most sites allow members to upload photos of themselves and browse those of others．Sites may offer【C4】________(addition)services, such as online chatting, telephone chatting, and message boards, Some sites provide free【C5】________(register), but may offer services which require a【C6】________(month)pay．For example, they may offer full access to profiles, but provide additional services to pay, such as【C7】________(place)users'profiles at the top of the list, making their profiles appear several times in different places in the search result and giving them a more【C8】________(advance)search engine to work with．In one real example, free users may only search for persons of【C9】________(specify) age, gender and city, while subscribers may also search for such information as height, weight andinterests．Other dating sites depend on advertising for their income．In recent years such sites have become【C10】________(increase)popular．41.【C1】42.【C2】43【C3】44.【C4】45.【C5】46.【C6】47.【C7】48.【C8】49.【C9】50.【C10】七、短文写作---为题目类型51下列图画阐述了生产巧克力的过程。

全国英语阅读一自考试题及答案解析.doc

⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯精品自学考试资料推荐⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯全国 2019 年 4 月高等教育自学考试英语阅读（一）试题课程代码： 00595PART ONE（70 POINTS）I.TEXT COMPREHENSIONThe following comprehension questions are based on the texts you have learned, and eachof them is provided with 4 choices marked A,B,C and D. Choose the best answer to each question and write the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET.(20 points, 1 pointeach)1.In Gifts of the Magi , the two possessions Mr. and Mrs. Young took great pride in are ().A ． Jim ’ s watch and Della’ s hairB ． Jim ’ s watch and Dell’ s combsC． Della ’ s combs and Jim’-chainswatchD ． Della ’ s hair and Jim’-chainswatch2.In No Marriage, No Apologies,Mrs. Frishberg said, “ I ’ m not against the institution of marriage. We just never get around to it. ”The underlined sentence means.A ． we never have the courage to face the problem directlyB ． we never go so far as to consider the matterC． we never overcome the obstacles of marriageD ． we never finish discussing the problem with each other3.Lisabetta’ hersbrotdecided to put an end to her secret love affair by killing Lorenzo because they.A ． thought that he would snatch their beautiful sister away from themB ． considered the secret love affair a shame to the familyC． worried that Lorenzo would inherit the family fortuneD ． looked upon Lorenzo as inferior to them in social rank4.The Wife of Bath intends to show with her tale that.A ． men should be obedient to their wivesB ． knights should be loyal to the King and the QueenC． women should be obedient to their husbandsD ． husbands should be young and loving5.In Mark Twain The’sCelebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County , Simon Wheeler is.A ． a good-natured and extremely talkative old manB ． fond of making fun of people with his long talesC． most curious about betting and dog fightD ． a well-trained frog and the best jumper in Calaveras County16.According to The value of Education , our purpose of educating children is to.A ． choose a proper system of educationB ． educate them only for the aim of educating themC． accustom them to varied lifeD ． make them intelligent citizens7.The child in A Day ’sWait kept tight control over himself throughout the day because he.A ． was afraid that he would die if he lost control over himselfB ． thought he was going to die and he must show courage in the face of deathC． wanted to recover quickly so that he could go hunting with his fatherD ． did not want to be a bother to and a burden on others8.Rip Van Winkle is taken from The Sketch Book, a collection of essays, sketches, and tales written by.A ． Benjamin Franklin B． Thomas PaineC． Washington Irving D． O.Henry9.According to the passage English World-wide , many Third World people oppose the use of English in their countries because.A ． they consider it a form of cultural imperialismB ． the English language has produced racismC． other languages are easier to learnD ． they are against modernization in general10.Aristotle, the Greek philosopher, summed up the four chief qualities of money some 2,000years ago as being durable, distinct,and portable.A ． divisible B． definiteC． deficient D． decisive11.In New Applications , the illegal plan first came to Miriam when she discovered by accidentthat.A ． Al Cropin’ s grand scheme was not practic lB ． the home-type computer improved the market conditionsC． the latest version of home-type computers was actually compatible with the one in heroffice D ． everyone could use the terms to refer to the computer and its application software12.According to The Story of the Bible , Noah ’ s drunkenness and behavior most probably reflectthat.A ． people easily forgot their past mistakesB ． people tended to enjoy a peaceful lifeC． Noah wanted to escape from his lonelinessD ． Noah lacked the companionship of his children13.The Statue of Liberty reminds people of all the following EXCEPT.A ． American democracy2B ． friendship between America and FranceC． the support of FranceD ． the journey of pilgrims14.According to the information in Gateway to the USA, New York City was a bitter disillusionment tosome immigrants in that.A ． it turned out to be a wretched placeB ． there was no gold in the cityC． the competition was severe in the cityD ． there was the language problem15.It can be concluded from the story The Perfect Match that.A ． computers can be used to make every decision in people’ s livesB ． natural interactions are essential for human beingsC． marriage brings unexpected changes in people’ s livesD ． people tend to hide their true feeling before marriage16.From about the 5th century through the 15th century, Latin was regarded as all of the followingEXCEPT.A ． the most suitable language in the worldB ． the second language of educated people in EuropeC． a subject taught in schools and in collegesD ． the language of the church17.In style, the story True Love is.A ． a real love story B． an autobiographyC． a journalistic report D． a satirical fantasy18.In Bricks from the Tower of the Babel, the writer Jessica Davidson provides a detailedexplanation for.A ． the construction of the towerB ． the structure and sound system of EsperantoC． internationalization of some natural languagesD ． the Indo-European language family19.According to The Merchant of Venice , all the following words can be used to describe PortiaEXCEPT.A ． wiseB ．courageousC． merciful D． cautious20.Hollywood became an ideal site for shooting motion pictures chiefly because.A ． most of the glamorous movie stars lived thereB ． famous film corporations operated thereC． the climate there was sunny and mildD ． the studio chiefs liked it very much3II.READING COMPREHENSIONIn this part there are 4 reading passages followed by 20 questions or unfinished statements. Foreach of them there are 4 choices marked A,B,C and D. You should decideon the best answer or the best choice to complete the statement and write the correspondingletter on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points, 2 points each)Passage 1When you ’ re negotiating with someone, listen for the messages that he or shemight be sending toyou. For example, the word“ difficult” does not mean the same as impossible. Imagine you’ re staying in a hotel, and you want to change your room. The manager“ That’wouldsanswerb of,very difficult, sir ”,does not mean that he is saying“ no.” It just means that he wants to knowwhat you are prepared to offer him in return for the change of room.If you are buying a new car, and want to pay less than the price being asked, then the salesmancomment, “ I ’ m sorry, but we never negotiateon the price”, means that they do negotiate on otherthings, like the delivery time, or the “ extra” that might be available as part of the purchase. In thesame car showroom, if the salesman says, “ Sorry, I can ’ t negotiate prices”,then yourresponse should be to ask who can. The message the salesman is sending suggests that his boss isthe one you need to be talking to.In all of these situations, the message is never communicated in clear terms. In any negotiation,the two “ players” wish to get as much out of it as they can, of course. In the three examplesabove, the salesmen and the hotel manager are hoping that you will accept their price or conditions— but their “ messages” make it clear that there may be room for movement and compromise. Ina successful negotiation, the two sides move towards each other and reach agreement on conditionsthat satisfy both sides.21.The hotel manager’ s answer“That would be very difficult, sir” implies.A ． you can change the room if you find some excuseB ． someone else has paid more for the room under discussionC． the room is available if an extra sum of money is offeredD ． someone else has booked the room in return for more money22.When the salesmen tell you that they never negotiate on the price, you can.A ． negotiate the price with the managerB ． demand to see the one who canC． find out other possibilities in the purchaseD ． accept the price without any further negotiation23.This passage is intended for.A ． managers B． customers4C． salesmen D． scholars24.The passage tells us how to.A ． send massages in a negotiationB ． become a successful salesmanC． profit from business transactionsD ． receive messages in a negotiation25.It can be safely concluded from the passage that.A ． at least two players should be in the room for communicationB ． a lot can be inferred from what is actually stated in a negotiationC． you should never communicate your ideas in clear termsD ． you should play the roles of a salesman and manager in a negotiationPassage 2Following football hero O.J.Simpson’ s arrest in June 1994 for the murder-wifeofhisandex oneof her friends, Newsweek and Time magazines ran the same police mug shot of Simpson on their covers. Newweek’s version was a straight reproduction. Time electronically manipulated the phototo darken it and achieve a gloomy and threatening look that emphasized Simpson ’unshaven cheeks and African-American skin color. The alteration offended many readers and raised an increasingly familiar question: In an age of computer-controlled images, can anyone still trust a photograph?Altering a digitized image( 数码技术相片), as Time did for its cover, has been one of the fastest-growing, most far-reaching, and most controversial(有争议的) techniques in contemporary photography. With this method a photograph is scanned(扫描), digitized (converted into a set of numeric values), and entered into a computer from which the operator can control the image almost in any way imaginable: add, delete, or change the position of visual elements; modify tones and colors; create montages; combine photographs; and even create entirely imaginary scenes. The digitized image can be stored in a data base, output as a print( 底片 ) or transparency( 透明胶片 ), or converted for video-screen display.Electronic image manipulation arrived in force in the 1980s with a new type of computers that cost on the order of $500,000 or more and occupied and entire room. More compact and far less expensive desktop systems soon appeared, capable of, at least, limited image control and available at chain-store prices.The ever-rising flood of digitized visual information may not, as some critics fear, fatally destroythe certainty of photographic evidence. Yet many observers agree that both suppliers and consumers of photographic information must exercise greater care than before to tell fact from falsehood in the images they use.526.Which of the following magazines was accused of distorting the murderer ’photographs by many readers?A ． Time.B． Newsweek.C． Washington Post.D． Not mentioned in the passage27.Nowadays, electronic image alterations are.A ． unbearably expensiveB ． more expensive in the StatesC． only available in chain storesD ． far less expensive than before28.The digitized alteration technique is.A ． developing with great careB ． very capable and developing rapidlyC． strongly criticized due to its easy accessD ． fatal in destroying the certainty of photographic evidence29.According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?A ． With digitized alteration techniques, a photograph may be scanned, digitized and altered.B ． With digitized alteration techniques, the digitized images can be stored in a data base or transformed for video-screen display.C．With digitized alteration techniques, both suppliers and consumers of photographicinformation are able to tell fact from falsehood in the image they use.D ． With digitized alteration techniques, it is possible for the computer operators to control the image almost in any conceivable way.30.W hat is the author’ s attitude toward the technique of digitized image manipulation?A ． Critical.B． Objective.C． Indifferent.D． Supportive.Passage 3The importance of symbols as a source of cultural diversity can be seen in the dress codes and hairstyles of different societies. In most situations, the symbolism of clothing and hairstyles communicates different messages ranging from political beliefs to identification with specific ethnic or religious groups. The tartan( 格子呢 ) of a Scottish clan, the black leather jacket and long hair of a motorcycle gang member in the United States, and the veil of an Islamic woman in Saudi Arabia provide a symbolic vocabulary that creates cultural diversity.Many examples of clothing styles could be used to illustrate how symbols are used to produce cultural diversity. Consider, for instance, changing dress codes in the United States. During the 1960s, many young people wore jeans, sandals, and beads to symbolize their rebellion against6what they conceived as the conformist inclinations of American society. By the 1980s, many of the same people were wearing “ power suits” as they sought to advance up the corporate ladder.An example of how hairstyles can create meaningful symbolic codes can be seen in a group known as the Rastafarians(sometimes known as Rastas or Rastaman) of Jamaica. The majority of the people of Jamaica are of African descent. During the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, they were brought to Jamaica by European slave traders to work on plantations. The Rastafarians are a specific religious group within Jamaica who believe that Haile Selassie(1892-1975), the former emperor of Ethiopia, whose original name was Ras Tafari, was the black Messiah who appeared in the flesh for the redemption of all blacks exiled in the world of white oppression. Rastafarian religion fuses Old Testament teachings, Christian mysticism, and Afro-Jamaican religious beliefs. The Rastafarian movement originated as a consequence of harsh economic, political, and living conditions in the slums of Jamaica.In the 1950s, during the early phase of the Rastafarian movement, some male members began to grow their hair in “ locks ” or “ dreadlocks” to symbolize their religious and political commitments. This hairstyle became well known in Western society through reggae( 强节奏黑人音乐 ) music and Rasta musicians such as the late Bob Marley. Rastafarians derive the symbolism of the dreadlock hairstyle of the Rastafarians from the Bible. They view the unshaven man as the natural man and invoke Samson as one of the most important figures in the Bible. Dreadlocks also reflect a dominant symbol within the Rastafarian movement, the lion, which is associated with Haile Selassie, one of whose titles was the “ Conquering Lion of Judah( 犹大 ).” To simulate the spirit of the lion, some Rastas do not cut their hair, sometimes growing their locks 20 inches or more.Thus, to a great extent, culture consists of a network of symbolic codes that enhance values, beliefs, worldviews, and ideologies within a society, Humans go to a great length to create symbols that provide meaning for individuals and groups. These symbolic meanings are a powerful source of cultural diversity.31.What is the main idea of this selection?A ． Hairstyles and dress codes identify political beliefs in diverse societies.B ． The Rastafarian movement symbolized a religious and political commitment.C． Symbols provide meaning and a satisfaction of biological needs in society.D ．Hairstyles and dress codes can be important symbols of cultural diversity in different societies.32.The author uses the examples of the Scottish tartan, the motorcycle jacket, and the Islamic veilto show.A ． the political power of dress codes in different societies7B ． the diversity of clothing styles throughout the worldC． dress codes that symbolize different ethnic and religiousgroups D ． the resistance to change of culturally different groups33.The author suggests that the young people wearing jeans in the 1960s wore“ power suits” inthe 1980s because.A ． styles changedB ．the American government changedC． their attitudes and goals changed D． both outfits symbolized rebellion34.All of the following are true of the Rastafarians EXCEPT.A ． they believe that Emperor Haile Selassie was the blackMessiah B ． they are the original natives of JamaicaC． they are a religious group with political commitmentsD ． they formed as a result of harsh living conditions in Jamaica35.The Rastafarian movement began.A ． at the beginning of the nineteenth centuryB ． around the middle of the twentieth centuryC． before European slave traders arrivedD ． in the early eighteenth centuryPassage 4A child who has once been pleased with a tale likes, as a rule, to have it retold in identically the same words, but this should not lead parents to treat printed fairy stories as sacred texts. It is always much better to tell a story than read it out of a book, and, if a parent can produce what, in the actual circumstances of the time and the individual child, is an improvement on the printed text, so much the better.A charge made against fairy tales is that they harm the child by frightening him or arousing his sadistic impulses. To prove the latter, one would have to show in controlled experiment that children who have read fairy stories were more often guilty of cruelty than those who had not. Aggressive, destructive, sadistic(虐待狂的 ) impulses every child has and, on the whole, their symbolic verbal discharge seem to be rather a safety valve than an incitement to overt action. As to fears, there are , I think, well-authenticated cases of children being dangerously terrified by some fairy story. Often, however, this arises from the child having heard the story once. Familiarity with the story by repetition turns the pain of fear into the pleasure of a fear faced and mastered.There are also people who object to fairy stories on the grounds that they are not objectively true, that giants, witches, two-headed dragons, magic carpets, etc., do not exist; and that, instead of indulging his fantasies in fairy tales, the child should be taught how to adapt to reality by studying history and mechanics. I find such people, I must confess, so unsympathetic and peculiar that I do8⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯精品自学考试资料推荐⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯not know how to argue with them. If their case were sound, the world should be full of madmenattempting to fly from New York to Philadelphia on a broomstick or covering a telephone withkisses in the belief that it was their enchanted girlfriend.No fairy story ever claimed to be a description of the external world and no sane child has everbelieved that it was.36.The author considers that a fairy story is more effective when it is .A ． repeated without variationB ．treated with respectC． adapted by the parent D． set in the present37.Fairy stories are a means by which children ’ s impulses. may beA ． beneficially channeledB ．given a destructive tendencyC． held back until maturity D． effectively suppressed38.According to the passage great fear can be stimulated in a child when the story is .A ． in a realistic settingB ．heard for the first timeC． repeated too often D． dramatically told39.The advantage claimed for repeating a fairy story to young children is that it.A ． makes them come to terms with their fearsB ． develops their power of memoryC． convinces them there is nothing to be afraid ofD ． encourages them not to have ridiculous beliefs40.The author’ s mentioning of broomsticks and telephones is meant to suggest that.A ． fairy stories are still being made upB ． there might be confusion about different kinds of truthC． people try to modernize old fairy storiesD ． there is more concern for children’ s fears nowadaysIII.SKIMMING AND SCANNINGIn this part there are 3 reading passages followed by 10 questions or unfinished statements. Foreach of them there are 4 answers marked A,B,C and D. Skim or scan the passages, thendecide on the best answer or the best choice to complete the statement and write thecorresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points,1 point each)Passage 1When we call someone a pig or a swine, we do not mean it as a compliment. But pigs do notdeserve to be used as a symbol for an insult. They are probably not as dirty as they are made out tobe. According to one pig keeper, swine are very clean when allowed to live in a clean environment.He feels pigs are usually dirty simply because their keepers don ’ t clean their pens. In any case, n one has proven that the pig that wallows in mud prefers that to a cool bath. Furthermore, pigs aresmarter than most wallows in mud prefers that to a cool bath. Furthermore, pigs are smarter than9⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯精品自学考试资料推荐⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯most people think. Many farmers, for example, have observed that pigs frequently undo complicated bolts on gates in search of adventure or romance. So the next time you call someone a pig, perhaps he or she ought to be someone you wish to praise.41.This passage deals with.A ． the reasons why pigs are dirtyB ． people ’ s wrong perceptions of pigsC． how to insult or compliment peopleD ． why people like to keep pigs42.One pig keeper feels that pigs will stay clean if they are.A ． given cool baths every dayB ． praised from time to timeC． kept in a clean environmentD ． allowed to seek adventure or romance43.The detail that pigs “ can undo complicated bolts on gates ” supports the opinion that.A ． pigs sometimes can be adventurousB ． pigs are generally misunderstood by peopleC． pigs are also mischievous and romanticD ． pigs are smarter than most people thinkPassage 2The large, gleaming refrigerator is the focal point of most American kitchens. It holds enough food to last many days. It is cold enough to preserve that food well. Its advantages are clear. But that big refrigerator has its drawbacks as well, although they are not usually recognized. First of all, the large refrigerator encourages the hoarding of food, obesity and other eating problems. Also, it hasdestroyed the pleasant custom, still common in Europe, of going to market each day. Picking outone ’ s fresh produce daily while chatting with friends and neighbors is no longer a part of our lives.In addition, people ’desire to buy huge amounts of groceries just a few times a month has encouraged the growth of supermarkets and destroyed local grocery stores. Another victim of thegi ant refrigerator has been small local farmers, who can ’compete against the mega-producers favored by the supermarkets.44.According to the passage, which of the following is regarded by the author as one of the victims of the “ giant refrigerator ”?A ． The supermarkets.B ．The local grocery stores.C． The American kitchens D． The mega-producers45.From this passage, you could infer that many Europeans .A ． are more economical shoppers than AmericansB ． are better cooksC． enjoy eating moreD ． don ’ taveh “ giant” refrigerators1046.The author’ s tone in this passage is mainly.A ． cheerfulB ．depressingC． critical D． optimistic47.The passage mainly deals with.A ． the advantages of shopping patterns in EuropeB ． disadvantages and advantages of large refrigeratorsC． fresh, healthy produce and daily meeting with friendsD ． wonderful modern kitchen appliancesPassage 3Urbanization and industrialization demanded new directions in education. Public education, once a dream, now becomes a reality. Education was forced to meet new social changes. American society was getting much more complex; literacy became more essential. Secondary education, which had been almost totally in the hands of private individuals up to the time of the Civil War, gradually became a public concern. By the early 1900s there were over 7000 high schools, totaling an enrollment of over 1 million. Technological changes demand more vocational training. Subjects such as bookkeeping, typing, agriculture, woodworking, and metalworking were introduced intothe curriculum. American education finally was becoming universal.Higher education also responded to the need for more and different education. The Morril Act of 1862 established state land grant colleges that taught agricultural methods and vocational subjects. While curriculums included a large number of required courses during the first two years of college, more elective subjects were added during the last two years. In 1876 Hopkins University instituted America ’first graduate school for a dvanced study. In general, American education began to respond to the complexities of the i ndustrial age and the need for a new focus in education.48.One factor, repeatedly emphasized in the passage, is that .A ． technological changes demanded more vocational trainingB ． teaching methods were also changingC． higher education also responded to the need for more different educationD ． education was forced to meet new social changes49.Literacy became more essential because .A ． American public education was far from enoughB ． American society was growing more complexC． the public was concerned about secondary educationD ． far fewer subjects were introduced into the school curriculum50.In the last paragraph of the passage, the word “instituted ” means .A ． set up B． provided11C． set forth D． preparedPART TWO(30 POINTS)IV .WORD FORMATIONSComplete each of the following sentences with the proper form of the word given in thebrackets. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points, 1 point each)51.(title) Being a member you to discounts on tickets.52.(essence) She has added a few characters and changed some names but this is atrue story.53.(advantage) She argued that social , such as lacking a good living condition or agood standard of education, are major causes of crime.54.(effect) She is not officially our boss, but she is in control of the office.55.(courage) It was of the young man to challenge the professor as to the potentialgenetic therapies.56.(supervise) Most health services are provided free of charge for low-income groups and atmoderate charges for others, through local and national agencies, under theof the Department of Health.57.(employ) Four out of five U.S.corporations with more than 500 now offereducational opportunities to workers, and many professional associations haveeducational programs for their members.58.(wide) The range of university courses available has tremendously in recentyears.59.(consider) The nature of Canadian households has changed over the pastquarter-century.60.(afford) Radio exposed a wider audience to country music while new, relativelyinexpensive recording technology made records available at prices. V.ANSWER THE QUESTIONSThere are 4 groups of simple questions in this part, which are based on the texts you have learned. Give a brief answer to each of the questions. Your answers must be to the pointand grammatically correct. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(20 points, 5 points each)61.In The Necklace by de Maupassant, what did Mme. Loisel strongly wish for and how do youaccount for those wishes? What is the irony in the story?(From The Necklace) 62.Why did Smiley name his frog Daniel Webster? What did Smiley try to train him to do? Forwhat purpose did he train his frog?(From The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Cavaveras County ) 63.According to Bricks from the Tower of the Bable, what are the purpose, ideal features and12。

2022年自考专业(英语)英语阅读(一)考试真题及答案16

2022年自考专业(英语)英语阅读（一）考试真题及答案一、Careful Reading(40 points, 2 points for each)Directions: Read the following passages carefully. Decide on the best answers and write the corresponding letters on your Answer Sheet.1、Passage 1Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.Sport is not only physically challenging, but it can also be mentally challenging. Criticism from coaches, parents, and other teammates, as well as pressure to win can create an excessive amount of anxiety or stress for young athletes (运动员). Stress can be physical, emotional, or psychological, and research has indicated that it can lead to burnout. Burnout has been described as dropping or quitting of an activity that was at one time enjoyable.The early years of development are critical years for learning about oneself. The sport setting is one where valuable experiences can take place. Young athletes can, for example, learn how to cooperate with others, make friends, and gain other social skills that will be used throughout their lives. Coaches and parents should be aware,at all times, that their feedback to youngsters can greatly affect their children. Youngsters may take their parents and coaches criticisms to heart and find a flaw (缺陷) in themselves.Coaches and parents should also be cautious that youth sport participation does not become work for children. The outcome of the game should not be more important than the process of learning the sport and other life lessons. In todays youth sport setting, young athletes may be worrying more about who will win instead of enjoying themselves and the sport. Following a game, many parents and coaches focus on the outcome and find fault with youngsters performances.Positive reinforcement (加强) should be provided regardless of the outcome. Research indicates that positive reinforcement motivates and has a greater effect on learning than criticism. Again, criticism can create high levels of stress, which can lead to burnout.An effective way to prevent the burnout of young athletes is ______.A.to reduce their mental stressB.to point out their shortcomingsC.to increase their sense of successD.to make sports more challenging2、 According to the passage, the sport setting is positivefor young people in that ______.A.it enables them to find flaws in themselvesB.it helps them learn more about school lifeC.it provides them with valuable experiencesD.it teaches them how to set realistic goals for themselves3、 Many coaches and parents tend to criticize young athletes ______.A.so that they train harderB.believing that too much praise is harmfulC.in order to make them remember life lessonsD.without realizing that criticism may destroy their self confidence4、 According to the passage, parents and coaches should ______.A.train children to cope with stressB.help children to win every gameC.prevent children from repeated failuresD.encourage children to enjoy themselves and sports5、 The author's purpose in writing the passage is ______.A.to teach young athletes how to avoid burnoutB.to persuade young athletes not to worry about criticismC.to stress the importance of positive reinforcement insportsD.to discuss the skill of combining criticism with encouragement6、Passage 2Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage.Friedrich Dobl, a Yugoslav (南斯拉夫人) working in Germany, was annoyed with traffic jams. At long weekends and holiday times when he wanted to get home quickly, he always found himself moving slowly with hundreds of other cars along the crowded foreign workers route through Germany and Austria.How easy it all was for police and emergency services!A siren (警报器), a flashing light? And like magic everyone was out of the way. Going home from work one night, he passed a garage. And there in front of him was the answer to his problem. An old ambulance was for sale. The red cross had been removed. But not the flashing light, and the siren. He tried the light. It flashed magnificently. He tried the siren. That too sounded impressive. He bought the ambulance and opened up for himself a dream world of motoring.It began early in the morning, all his luggage in the back of the ambulance and the motorway in Germany looking reasonably clear. Soon, as always, a long line of traffic appeared ahead. He switched on the flashing light and set off the siren. Cars swiftly slowed and pulled off thefast lane. Other cars stopped and drivers waved him ahead to an open road all his own. In record time he crossed the border into Austria. His trick was working. Police even waved him through the confusion caused by an accident.But then the Yugoslav made his bad mistake. Until then he had only stopped for petrol. Now he was driving past a real accident, lights flashing, too late to realize that it was not another traffic jam as he assumed. They stopped him, and after hearing the story of his ride across two countries fined him 12.5 pounds.At long weekends and holiday times Friedrich Dobl used to ______.A.drive home in GermanyB.meet other foreign workersC.get caught in terrible traffic jamsD.get to the workplace by a quick route7、 The reason why Dobl decided to buy the ambulance was that ______.A.he had always wanted oneB.he wanted to sell it at a higher priceC.he liked the red cross and the flashing lightD.he knew that other cars would make way for an ambulance8、 In what condition was the ambulance he bought?A.It was shabby and untidy.B.The siren worked wonderfully.C.The light did not flash properly.D.The red cross was vaguely seen.9、 Armed with the ambulance, Dobl found that ______.A.all the cars stopped and made way for himB.the police were busy clearing the way of trafficC.it was such fun to get out of the traffic confusion in GermanyD.he could cross the border into Austria in the shortest possible time10、 The most appropriate title for the story would be ______.A."A Happy Drive!"B."A Tough Drive!"C."A Safe Way Home?"D."A Quick Way Home?"11、Passage 3Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.If it were only necessary to decide whether to teach elementary science to everyone on a mass basis or to find the gifted few and take them as far as they can go, our task would be fairly simple. The public school system, however, has no such choice, for the jobs must be carried on at the same time. Because we depend heavily upon science and technology for our progress,we must produce specialists in many fields. Because we live in a democratic nation, whose citizens make the policies for the nation, large numbers of us must be educated to understand, to support, and when necessary, to judge the work of experts. The public school must educate both producers and users of scientific services.In education, there should be a good balance among the branches of knowledge that contribute to effective thinking and wise judgment. Such a balance is defeated by too much emphasis on any other field. This question of balance involves not only the relation of the natural sciences, the social sciences, and the arts but also relative emphasis among the natural sciences themselves.Similarly, we must have a balance between current and classical knowledge.The attention of the public is continually drawn to the discovery of new knowledge; it should not be allowed to turn our attention away from the sound, established materials that form the basis of courses for beginners.According to the 1 st paragraph, the task of education is fairly complicated because ______.A.the public school has no choice of what to teachB.it is difficult to choose what to teach in public schoolsC.the current public school system is too complex to be understoodD.the educators have to take care of both ordinary and gifted students12、 Which of the following is NOT included in the passage?A.A democratic nation needs a lot of well-educated citizens.B.We depend much on science and technology for our progress.C.The educators are required to lay emphasis on some particular field.D.Elementary science should be taught on a mass basis in public schools.13、 According to the author, the balance among the branches of knowledge is very necessary because such a balance ______.A.would benefit the growth of gifted studentsB.would ensure the students' grasp of new knowledgeC.involves both the natural sciences and the social sciencesD.facilitates the training of effective reasoning and wise decision-making14、 What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A.Most people take great interest in classical knowledge.B.Sufficient attention should be given to basic knowledge.C.The discovery of new knowledge is particularly important.D.Classical knowledge is more popular than current knowledge.15、 The passage centers on ______.A.the balance in educationB.the importance of educationC.the balance between basic and new knowledgeD.the balance among different branches of knowledge16、Passage 4Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage.Regular interaction or familiarity seems to increase liking; often, the people we interact with the most are simply those who are closest to us. A classic study by Festinger found that residents of an apartment complex tended to interact with, and like those who happened to live on the same floor more than those who lived on other floors or in other buildings. The researcher did not analyze this phenomenon in terms of the development of in-group versus out-group perceptions and biases, but such an analysis might prove interesting. Likewise, when classroom seating is alphabetical (依字母挨次的), students are more likely to be friends with people who share the same initial.There are two major explanations for the relation between proximity (接近) and liking. The first is simple availability. If most people are nice and easy enough to approach, it follows that proximity will determine who you get to know and, therefore, like. The second explanation is based on the mere exposure effect, that is, simple familiarityincreases liking for a person or object that is not necessarily likeable. The mere exposure effect has been demonstrated in the laboratory with some meaningless syllables, which people find more pleasing after they have repeated them several times. It seems reasonable to conclude that repeated exposure to people in proximity to us leads us to like them more.Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A.Liking and Similarity.B.Proximity and Liking.C.Availability and Friendship.D.Interaction and Relationship.17、 According to the passage, the researcher studies the phenomenon on the basis of ______.A.perceptions of membershipB.the development of friendshipC.in-group versus out-group biasesD.the degree of familiarity among people18、 The organizational pattern of the passage can be best described as ______.A.opinion-proofB.problem-solutionC.phenomenon-reasonparison-contrast19、 The experiment on the meaningless syllables is intended to demonstrate that ______.A.most people are friendly at first sightB.simple familiarity increases liking for a personC.students will definitely become friends in the classroom settingD.irritation with someone at the first meeting usually leads to disliking20、 According to the passage, all the following statements are true EXCEPT that ______.A.we tend to interact with people closest to usB.teachers like the students seated in the frontC.interaction is more likely to happen between neighborsD.we tend to like people who share our attitudes and opinions二、Speed Reading(10 points, 1 point for each)Directions: Skim or scan the following passages. Decide on the best answers and write the corresponding letters on your Answer Sheet.1、Passage 5Questions 21-25 are based on the following passage.Ever since humans have inhabited the earth, they have made use of various forms of communication. Generally, this expression of thoughts and feelings has been in the form of oralspeech. When there is a language barrier, communication is accomplished through sign language in which motions stand for letters, words and ideas. Tourists, the deaf, and the mute have had to resort to this form of expression. Many of these symbols are very colorful and exact and can be used internationally; spelling, however, cannot.Body language transmits ideas or thoughts by certain actions, either intentionally or unintentionally. A wink can be a way of flirting or indicating that the party is only joking. A nod signifies approval, while shaking the head indicates a negative reaction.Other forms of nonlinguistic language can be found in Braille(a system of raised dots read with the fingertips), signal flags, Morse code, and smoke signals. Road mapsand picturesigns also guide, warn and instruct people.While verbalization is the most common form of language, other systems and techniques also express human thoughts and feelings.All of the following can be used internationally EXCEPT ______.A.spellingB.motionsC.sign languageD.picture signs2、 Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A.There are many forms of communication in existence.B.Verbalization is the most common form of communication.C.The deaf and the mute use a verbal form of communication.D.Body language may be equally effective in transmitting ideas or thoughts.3、 Besides oral speech, which form of communication is most commonly used by the blind people?A.Braille.B.Signal flags.C.Body language.D.Gestures.4、 How many forms of communication are mentioned in the third paragraph?A.Seven.B.Six.C.Five.D.Four.5、 Which of the following best summarizes this passage?A.Body language transmits ideas or thoughts more quickly.B.Body language transmits ideas or thoughts more accurately.C.Nonlinguistic language is more expressive than verbalization.D.Nonlinguistic language also expresses human thoughts and feelings.6、Passage 6Questions 26-30 are based on the following passage.American workers continue to demand shorter and shorter working hours each week. The possibility of a four-day working week is now being seriously considered; some companies are already experimenting with it. Since machines have helped to reduce the time needed for work, at the office, factory, and in the home, men and women have more leisure time today than ever before in the countrys history.It is tree that much leisure is used in play. America is a country of sports-of hunting, fishing and swimming, and of team sports like baseball and football. Millions of Americans watch their favorite sport on television, play in community orchestras, make their own films or recordings, go camping, visit museums, attend lectures, travel, garden, read, and join in hundreds of other activities.America is a do-it-yourself country. The people enjoy building things for their homes, sewing their own clothes, even making their own photographs. They do these things for fun as well as for economy.But as much as Americans enjoy their free time, the country is at the same time a self-improvementcountry. More than 25 million adults continue their education, chieflyby going to school in the evening, during their own free time, at their own expense. Added to the time spent on personal activities, Americans also devote a great amount of their time to the varied needs of their communities. Many hospitals, schools, libraries, museums, parks, community centers, and organizations that assist the poor depend on the many hours citizens devote to these activities, often without any pay.Which of the following best reflects the style of the passage?rmative.B.Persuasive.C.Entertaining.D.Descriptive.试题解析;从文章的风格可以得知是信息量大的7、 The proposal of a four-day working week in America ______.A.has been acceptedB.is unlikely to be acceptedC.is under considerationD.has been widely put into practice试题解析;查看答案【二、Speed Reading】1~5ACABD6~10ACAB。

自考英语阅读一试题参考答案

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I. CAREFUL READINGRead the following passages carefully. Decide on the best answer and blacken the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points, 2 points each)Passage 1Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.The passengers on the bus watched sympathetically as the young woman with the white cane made her way cautiously up the steps. She paid the driver and then, using her hands to feel the location of the seats, settled into one. She placed her briefcase on her lap and rested her cane against her leg.It had been a year since Susan, thirty-four, became blind. As the result of a medical accident she was sightless, suddenly thrown into a world of darkness, anger,frustration and self-pity. All she could cling to was her husband Mark.Mark was an Air Force officer and he loved Susan with all his heart. When she first lost her sight, he watched her sink into despair and he became determined to use every means to help his wife.Finally, Susan felt ready to return to her job, but how would sheget there? She used to take the bus, but she was now too frightened to get around the city by herself. Mark volunteered to ride the bus with Susan each morning and evening until she got the hang of (摸清情况) it. And that was exactly what happened.For two weeks, Mark, military uniform and all, accompanied Susan to and from work each day. He taught her how to rely on her other senses, specifically her hearing, to determine where she was and how to adapt to her new environment. He helped her befriend the bus drivers who could watch out for her, and save her a seat.Each morning they made the journey together, and Mark would take ataxi back to his office. Although the routine of going back and forth was costly, Mark knew it was only a matter of time before Susan would be able to ride the bus on her own.Finally, Susan decided that she was ready to try the trip on her own. Monday morning arrived. Before she left, she embraced her husbandtightly. Her eyes filled with tears of gratitude for his loyalty, his patience, and his love. She said good-bye and, for the first time, they went their separate ways. Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday... Each day on her own went perfectly, and a wild gaiety (快乐) took hold of Susan. She was doing it! She was going to work all by herself!.1. When Susan got on the bus, the passengers ______.A. admired herB. stared curiously at herC. ignored herD. felt sorry for her2. Which of the following is true of Mark?A. He kept confidence in Susan.B. He felt confused with Susan.C. He depended more on Susan.D. He was tired of Susan.3. At the beginning of her sightless life, Susan was seized by anger, self-pity and ______. A. irritation B. hesitationC. hopelessnessD. indifference4. Which of the following is true?A. Mark realized it would take a long time for Susan to recover her sight.B. Mark knew that Susan would get to work by herself sooner or later.C. Mark hated to leave poor Susan alone even for one minute.D. Mark loved the routine of accompanying Susan to work.5. The passage can be used as an example of ______.A. honestyB. sympathyC. diligenceD. determinationPassage 2Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage.Most people claim that we should judge others on the basis of howthey act, not how they look. However, the reality is quite opposite. Appearance is especially important in the early stages of a relationship.The influence of physical attractiveness begins early in life.Infants as young as six months prefer images of attractive faces to less appealing ones. From age five on, overweight boys are viewed by peers as less attractive; tall, thin ones are judged as uncommunicative and nervous; and muscular and athletic youngsters are seen as outgoing, active, and popular. The same principle continues into adult life. Handsome men and beautiful women are seen as more sensitive, kind, interesting, strong, calm, modest, sociable, outgoing, and exciting than their less attractive counterparts. Adults are more likely tointeract with strangers who theyview as attractive. Senior citizens also rate good-looking people as more desirable than those who are less attractive.Although we might assume that attractive people are radicallydifferent from those who are less attractive, the truth is that we view the familiar as beautiful. Langlois and Roggman presented students with two types of photos: some were images of people from North European, Asian, and Latino backgrounds, while others were computer-generated images that combined the characteristics of several individuals. Surprisingly, the students consistently preferred the composite photosof both men and women. When the features of eight or more individualswere combined into one image, the students rated the picture as more attractive than the features of a single person or of a smaller combination of people. Thus, we seem to be drawn to people who represent the most attractive qualities of ourselves and those people aren't different from the rest of us.Even if your appearance isn't beautiful by social standards,consider these encouraging facts: first, ordinary-looking people with pleasing personalities are likely to be judged as being attractive; second, physical factors become less important as a relationship progress. As Hamachek puts it, “Attractive fe atures may open doors, but apparently, it takes more than physical beauty to keep them open.”6. “The same principle” (Para. 2) refers to the principle that______.A. children are more attractive than adultsB. attractive people are perceived as desirableC. the early stages of a relationship are importantD. the influence of appearance begins early in life7. The third paragraph emphasizes in part the importance of ______.A. familiarityB. differenceC. individualityD. consistency8. According to the passage, the more composite features people have, ______.A. the more unique they areB. the less ordinary they areC. the more attractive they areD. the less beautiful they are9. In his statement, Hamachek is giving emphasis to ______.A. social standardsB. composite featuresC. good characterD. physical attraction10. The best title for the passage is ______.A. Beauty and AgeB. Appearance and RelationshipC. Standards of Social BehaviorD. Features of Physical AttractivenessPassage 3Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.The public schools of the United States—elementary, secondary, and higher—have a history, and it is the social history of the United States: the decades beforethe Civil War, in which the elemen tary or “common schools” were reformed; the decades surrounding the turn of the twentieth century, in which the secondary schools “welcomed” the “children of the plain people”; and the post-World War II decades, which found the public colleges and universities flooded non-traditionalstudents—those traditionally excluded from higher education by sex, race, and class.In each of these periods, the quantitative expansion of the student population was matched by a qualitative transformation of the enlarged institutions. The common schools of the mid-1800s were charged with reforming the moral character of the children of failed artisans (工匠)and farmers; the expanded high schools at the turn of the century with preparing their poor, working-class, and immigrant teenagers for future lives in city and factory; the “open-access” publicinstitutions in the postwar period with moving their students offthe unemployment lines and into lower-level white-collar positions.The common schools, the high schools, the colleges and universities—all in their own times—were expanded and transformed so that they might better maintain social order and increase material productivity. But no matter how enlarged or reformed, they could not do the jobs expected of them: they could not solve the economic, social, and human problems brought about by uncontrolled urbanization and industrialization within the context of the private property system. The schooling reforms succeeded only in shifting the discussion and action from the social and productive system to the people who were now held responsible for not fitting into it.11. American education in the post-World War II decades focused mostly on ______. A. early childhood education B. elementary school educationC. secondary school educationD. college education12. The turn-of-the-century American education dealt partly with the problem of ______. A. failed farmers B. unsuccessful artisansC. immigrant teenagersD. lower-level white-collar workers13. It is implied in the passage that women began to be educated in large numbers ______.thA. after the Civil War B. at the turn of the 20 centuryC. before World War IID. after World War II14. One of the purposes for public school reformation is ______.A. to increase material productivityB. to impose the quality of educationC. to urbanize rural areas in the United StatesD. to promote industrialization in the United States15. The author believes that public schools ______.A. changed American political systemB. could not solve American problemsC. led to social problems in the United StatesD. could not improve qualitatively in the United StatesPassage 4Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage.Historical periods are dominated by distinct sets of ideas whichform the general spirit of a period in history. Greek philosophy, Christianity, Renaissance thought, the Scientific Revolution, and the Enlightenment are examples of sets of ideas that dominated their historical periods. The changes from one period to the next are usually rather gradual.; other changes—more abrupt—are often referred to as revolutions. The most far-reaching of all these intellectual changes was theDarwinian revolution. The worldview formed by any thinking person in the Western world after 1859, when On the Origin of Species waspublished, was by necessity quite different from a worldview formed before 1859. It is almost impossible for a modern person to project back to the early half of the nineteenth century and reconstruct the thinking of this pre-Darwinian period, for the impact of Darwinism on our views has been so great.The intellectual revolution brought about by Darwin went far beyond the realm of biology, causing the overthrow of some of the most basic beliefs of his age. For example, Darwin rejected the belief in the individual creation of each species, establishing in its place the concept that all of life descended from a common ancestor. By extension, he introduced the idea that humans were not the special products of creation but evolved according to principles that operate everywhere else in the living world. Darwin upset current notions of a perfectly designed natural and gentle world and substituted in their place the concept of a struggle for survival. Victorian notions of progress and perfectibility were seriously weakened by Darwin's demonstration that evolution brings about change and adaptation,but it does not necessarily lead to progress, and it never leads to perfection.Darwin would be remembered as an outstanding scientist even if he had never written a word about evolution. Indeed, some people believe that Darwin’smost original contribution to biology was not the theory ofevolution but his series of books on experimental botany published nearthe end of his life. This achievement is little known among non-biologists, and the same is true for his equally outstanding work on the adaptation of flowers and on animal psychology, as well as his imaginative work on earthworms. Darwin also attacked important problems with extraordinary originality, thereby becoming the founder of several now well-recognized separate disciplines. Darwin was the first person to work out a sound theory of classification, which is still used by most experts today. 16. The author con siders the change caused by Darwin’s On the Origin of Species ______.A. gradualB. abruptC. religiousD. philosophical17. The influence of Darwinism has been so strong that it isdifficult to ______. A. know how people looked at the world before 1859B. imagine people’s worldview after 1859C. disregard the implications of his theoryD. know what Victorian society was like18. Darwin believed that all species in the world ______.A. were created individuallyB. sprang from the same originC. became increasingly betterD. shared the same pace of progress19. It can be concluded from the passage that Darwin was ______.A. a modest scholarB. a born thinkerC. an original scientistD. a practical theorist20. The author intends to say in the last paragraph that ______.A. Darwin did outstanding work apart from his theory of evolutionB. non-biologists know very little about Darwin's theory ofevolution C. scholars failed to recognize Darwin’s contributions for a long timeD. Darwin's most outstanding contribution is his theory of classification II. SPEED READINGSkim or scan the following passages, and then decide on the best answer and blacken the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points, 1 point each)Passage 5Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.Potatoes are a tuber-producing crop originally grown in the Americas. Over 200 varieties of wild potatoes grow from what is now Colorado to what are now Chile and Argentina. The native peoples of the Andeanregion of South America were the first to domesticate potatoes and to cultivate them as a food crop. The earliest potato, found in an archaeological site in central Peru, has been dated back to about 8000 B.C.. Scientists believe that American Indians began domesticating potatoes at the end of the Ice Age. Four thousand years later, native peoples living in the Andean highlands had begun to rely on potatoes as a major part of their diet. By about 2000 B.C.. Indians in the coastal region of what is now Peru were also cultivating this crop extensively.During the reign of the Inca, who established their empire in whatis now Peru in about A.D. 1000, American Indian farmers were growing not only white potatoes but red, yellow, black, blue, green, and brown onesas well. They were deliberately developing potatoes of varying sizes and shapes that would do well under a number of growing conditions. Because potatoes were easily grown, flourish in a number of climates, and highin vitamin C, they were an efficient way ofmeeting dietary needs.In 1531, when Spanish conqueror Francisco Pizarro landed in what is now Peru, the native Andean peoples had developed about 3,000 types of potatoes and had also invented a method to freeze-dry them for storage. The Inca, who called potatoes papas, ate boiled potatoes as a vegetable and also made a kind of unleavened potato bread made from flour that had been ground from freeze-dried potatoes. They also added this potatoflour to soups and stews and made porridge from it.Pedro de Cieza, who traveled with Francisco Pizarro's expedition, compared potatoes to chestnuts. Because the tubers grew underground and were small, the Spaniards believed potatoes were truffles (块菌) and began calling them tartuffo. When English explorer Sir Francis Drake crossed the Strait of Magellan, he atepotatoes on the coast of what is now Chile that same year. Yet, historians are uncertain exactly whether the Spaniards or the English brought potatoes to Europe. 21. The earliest potato was found in ______.A. PeruB. ChileC. ArgentinaD. Colorado22. Potatoes became the major source of food for American Indians about ______. A. 8000 B.C. B. 4000 B.C.C. 2000 B.C.D.A.D. 100023. American Indians developed potatoes of different sizes and shapes to ______. A. meet different dietary needsB. get potatoes of different colorsC. suit various growing conditionsD. store them in convenient places24. American Indians freeze-dried potatoes so that they could be______. A. stewed B. groundC. storedD. boiled25. Which of the following is true?A. Historians believe that the English brought potatoes to Europe.B. Sir Francis Drake ate potatoes in what is now Peru.C. Francisco Pizarro compared potatoes to chestnuts.D. The Spaniards thought that potatoes were truffles.Passage 6Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.The blogging craze of a couple of years ago, when it was estimated that ten new blogs were started somewhere in the world every minute, now seems to have died down a bit. Yet thousands of blogs—probably the better ones—remain. Blogs are now no longer seen as the exclusive possession of geeks, and are now seenas important and influential sources of news and opinions. So many people read blogs now that it has even been suggested that some blogsmay have been powerful enough to influence the result of the recent U.S. election.Blogs are very easy to set up. All you need is a computer, aninternet connection and the desire to write something. A blog differs from a traditional internet site in two ways. First, a blog is one page consisting mostly of texts, though a few pictures are sometimes provided. Second, and more importantly, a blog is a space for people to respond to what you write. The best blogs are similar to online discussions, where people write in response to what the blogger has written. Blogs are regularly updated—busy blogs are updated every day, or even every few hours.Not all blogs are about politics, however. There are blogs about music, films, sports, books—any subject you can imagine has its enthusiasts typing away andgiving their opinions to fellow enthusiasts or anyone else who cares to read their opinions.But how influential, or important, is the blogosphere really? One problem with blogs is that many people who read and write them seem only to communicate with each other. When people talk about the influence of the blogosphere, they do not take into account the millions of people around the world who are not bloggers, never read blogs, and don't even have access to a computer, let alone a good internet connection.Sometimes, it seems that the blogosphere exists only to influence itself, or that its influence is limited to what is actually quite asmall community. Blogs seem to promise a virtual democracy—in which anyone can say anything they like, and have their opinions heard—but who is actually listening to these opinions? Little hard evidence shows that blogs have influenced people in the way that traditional mass media such as television and newspapers are able to do.26. Now the blogging craze ______.A. is emergingB. has become less intenseC. keeps risingD. remains the same as before27. Blogs differ from traditional internet sites in that ______.A. texts are mostly shortB. they present picturesC. they are daily updatedD. readers can make comments28. One problem with blogs is that bloggers fail to consider ______.A. non-bloggersB. virtual democracyC. U.S. politiciansD. internet connection29. In the author's opinion, the influence of the blogosphere is______.A. importantB. powerfulC. positiveD. limited30. According to the author, it is not difficult to ______.A. set up blogsB. make blogs involve everyoneC. show the importance of blogosphereD. make blogs surpass traditional mass media非选择题部分注意事项:用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔将答案写在答题纸上，不能答在试题卷上。

全国英语阅读一自考试题及答案解析.doc

全国英语阅读一自考试题及答案解析.doc精品自学考试资料推荐全国 2019 年 4 月高等教育自学考试英语阅读（一）试题课程代码： 00595PART ONE（70 POINTS）I.TEXT COMPREHENSIONThe following comprehension questions are based on the texts you have learned, and eachof them is provided with 4 choices marked A,B,C and D. Choose the best answer to each question and write the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET.(20 points, 1 point each)1.In Gifts of the Magi , the two possessions Mr. and Mrs. Young took great pride in are ().A ．Jim ’ s watch and Della’ s hairB ．Jim ’ s watch and Dell’ s combsC．Della ’ s combs and Jim’-chainswatchD ．Della ’ s hair and Jim’-chainswatch2.In No Marriage, No Apologies,Mrs. Frishberg said, “ I ’ m not against the institution of marriage. We just never get around to it. ”The underlined sentence means.A ． we never have the courage to face the problem directlyB ． we never go so far as to consider the matterC． we never overcome the obstacles of marriageD ． we never finish discussing the problem with each other3.Lisabetta’ hersbrotdecided to put an end to her secret love affair by killing Lorenzo because they.A ． thought that he would snatch their beautiful sister awayfrom themB ． considered the secret love affair a shame to the familyC． worried that Lorenzo would inherit the family fortuneD ． looked upon Lorenzo as inferior to them in social rank4.The Wife of Bath intends to show with her tale that.A ． men should be obedient to their wivesB ． knights should be loyal to the King and the QueenC． women should be obedient to their husbandsD ． husbands should be young and loving5.In Mark Twain The’sCelebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County , Simon Wheeler is.A ． a good-natured and extremely talkative old manB ． fond of making fun of people with his long talesC． most curious about betting and dog fightD ．a well-trained frog and the best jumper in Calaveras County16.According to The value of Education , our purpose of educating children is to.A ． choose a proper system of educationB ． educate them only for the aim of educating themC． accustom them to varied lifeD ． make them intelligent citizens7.The child in A Day ’sWait kept tight control over himself throughout the day because he.A ．was afraid that he would die if he lost control over himselfB ． thought he was going to die and he must show courage in the face of deathC． wanted to recover quickly so that he could go huntingwith his fatherD ． did not want to be a bother to and a burden on others8.Rip Van Winkle is taken from The Sketch Book, a collection of essays, sketches, and tales written by.A ． Benjamin Franklin B． Thomas PaineC． Washington Irving D． O.Henry9.According to the passage English World-wide , many Third World people oppose the use of English in their countries because.A ． they consider it a form of cultural imperialismB ． the English language has produced racismC． other languages are easier to learnD ． they are against modernization in general10.Aristotle, the Greek philosopher, summed up the four chief qualities of money some 2,000years ago as being durable, distinct,and portable.A ． divisible B． definiteC． deficient D． decisive11.In New Applications , the illegal plan first came to Miriam when she discovered by accidentthat.A ．Al Cropin’ s grand scheme was not practic lB ．the home-type computer improved the market conditionsC． the latest version of home-type computers was actually compatible with the one in heroffice D ．everyone could use the terms to refer to the computer and its application software12.According to The Story of the Bible , Noah ’ s drunkenness and behavior most probably reflectthat.A ． people easily forgot their past mistakesB ． people tended to enjoy a peaceful lifeC． Noah wanted to escape from his lonelinessD ． Noah lacked the companionship of his children13.The Statue of Liberty reminds people of all the following EXCEPT.A ． American democracy2B ． friendship between America and FranceC． the support of FranceD ． the journey of pilgrims14.According to the information in Gateway to the USA, New York City was a bitter disillusionment tosome immigrants in that.A ． it turned out to be a wretched placeB ． there was no gold in the cityC． the competition was severe in the cityD ． there was the language problem15.It can be concluded from the story The Perfect Match that.A ．computers can be used to make every decision in people’ s livesB ． natural interactions are essential for human beingsC．marriage brings unexpected changes in people’ s livesD ． people tend to hide their true feeling before marriage16.From about the 5th century through the 15th century, Latin was regarded as all of the followingEXCEPT.A ． the most suitable language in the worldB ． the second language of educated people in EuropeC． a subject taught in schools and in collegesD ． the language of the church17.In style, the story True Love is.A ． a real love story B． an autobiographyC． a journalistic report D． a satirical fantasy18.In Bricks from the Tower of the Babel, the writer Jessica Davidson provides a detailedexplanation for.A ． the construction of the towerB ． the structure and sound system of EsperantoC． internationalization of some natural languagesD ． the Indo-European language family19.According to The Merchant of Venice , all the following words can be used to describe PortiaEXCEPT.A ． wiseB ．courageousC． merciful D． cautious20.Hollywood became an ideal site for shooting motion pictures chiefly because.A ． most of the glamorous movie stars lived thereB ． famous film corporations operated thereC． the climate there was sunny and mildD ． the studio chiefs liked it very much3II.READING COMPREHENSIONIn this part there are 4 reading passages followed by 20 questions or unfinished statements. Foreach of them there are 4 choices marked A,B,C and D. You should decideon the best answer or the best choice to complete the statement and write the correspondingletter on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points, 2 points each)Passage 1When you ’ re negotiating with someone, listen for the messages that he or shemight be sending toyou. For example, the word“ difficult” does not mean the same as impossible. Imagin e you’ re staying in a hotel, and you want to change your room. The manager“ That’wouldsanswerb of,very difficult, sir ”,does not mean that he is saying“ no.” It just means that he wants to knowwhat you are prepared to offer him in return for the change of room.If you are buying a new car, and want to pay less than the price being asked, then the salesmancomment, “ I ’ m sorry, but we never negotiateon the price”, means that they do negotiate on otherthings, like the delivery time, or the “ extra” that might be available as part of the purchase. In thesame car showroom, if the salesman says, “ Sorry, I can ’ t negotiate prices”,then yourresponse should be to ask who can. The message the salesman is sending suggests that his boss isthe one you need to be talking to.In all of these situations, the message is never communicated in clear terms. In any negotiation,the two “ players” wish to get as much out of it as they can, of course. In the three examplesabove, the salesmen and the hotel manager are hoping thatyou will accept their price or conditions—but their “ messages” make it clear that there may be room for movement and compromise. Ina successful negotiation, the two sides move towards each other and reach agreement on conditionsthat satisfy both sides.21.The hotel manager’ s answer“That would be very difficult, sir” implies.A ． you can change the room if you find some excuseB ．someone else has paid more for the room under discussionC． the room is available if an extra sum of money is offeredD ． someone else has booked the room in return for more money22.When the salesmen tell you that they never negotiate on the price, you can.A ． negotiate the price with the managerB ． demand to see the one who canC． find out other possibilities in the purchaseD ． accept the price without any further negotiation23.This passage is intended for.A ． managers B． customers4C． salesmen D． scholars24.The passage tells us how to.A ． send massages in a negotiationB ． become a successful salesmanC． profit from business transactionsD ． receive messages in a negotiation25.It can be safely concluded from the passage that.A ．at least two players should be in the room for communicationB ． a lot can be inferred from what is actually stated in a negotiationC． you should never communicate your ideas in clear termsD ． you should play the roles of a salesman and manager in a negotiationPassage 2Following football hero O.J.Simpson’ s arrest in June 1994 for the murder-wifeofhisandex oneof her friends, Newsweek and Time magazines ran the same police mug shot of Simpson on their covers. Newweek’s version was a straight reproduction. Time electronically manipulated the phototo darken it and achieve a gloomy and threatening look that emphasized Simpson ’unshaven cheeks and African-American skin color. The alteration offended many readers and raised an increasingly familiar question: In an age of computer-controlled images, can anyone still trust a photograph?Altering a digitized image( 数码技术相片), as Time did for its cover, has been one of the fastest-growing, most far-reaching, and most controversial(有争议的) techniques in contemporary photography. With this method a photograph is scanned(扫描), digitized (converted into a set of numeric values), and entered into a computer from which the operator can control the image almost in any way imaginable: add, delete, or change the position of visual elements; modify tones and colors; create montages; combine photographs; and even create entirely imaginary scenes. The digitized image can be stored in a data base, output as a print( 底片 ) or transparency( 透明胶片 ), or converted for video-screen display.Electronic image manipulation arrived in force in the 1980s with a new type of computers that cost on the order of $500,000 or more and occupied and entire room. More compact and far less expensive desktop systems soon appeared, capable of, at least, limited image control and available at chain-store prices.The ever-rising flood of digitized visual information may not, as some critics fear, fatally destroythe certainty of photographic evidence. Yet many observers agree that both suppliers and consumers of photographic information must exercise greater care than before to tell fact from falsehood in the images they use.526.Which of the following magazines was accused of distorting the murderer ’photographs by many readers?A ． Time.B． Newsweek.C． Washington Post.D． Not mentioned in the passage27.Nowadays, electronic image alterations are.A ． unbearably expensiveB ． more expensive in the StatesC． only available in chain storesD ． far less expensive than before28.The digitized alteration technique is.A ． developing with great careB ． very capable and developing rapidlyC． strongly criticized due to its easy accessD ．fatal in destroying the certainty of photographic evidence29.According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?A ． With digitized alteration techniques, a photograph may be scanned, digitized and altered.B ．With digitized alteration techniques, the digitized images can be stored in a data base or transformed for video-screen display.C．With digitized alteration techniques, both suppliers and consumers of photographicinformation are able to tell fact from falsehood in the image they use.D ． With digitized alteration techniques, it is possible for the computer operators to control the image almost in any conceivable way.30.W hat is the author’ s attitude toward the technique of digitized image manipulation?A ． Critical.B． Objective.C． Indifferent.D． Supportive.Passage 3The importance of symbols as a source of cultural diversity can be seen in the dress codes and hairstyles of different societies. In most situations, the symbolism of clothing and hairstyles communicates different messages ranging from political beliefs to identification with specific ethnic or religious groups. The tartan( 格子呢) of a Scottish clan, the black leather jacket and long hair of a motorcycle gang member in the United States, and the veil of an Islamic woman in Saudi Arabia provide a symbolic vocabulary that creates cultural diversity.Many examples of clothing styles could be used to illustrate how symbols are used to produce cultural diversity. Consider, for instance, changing dress codes in the United States. During the 1960s, many young people wore jeans, sandals, and beads tosymbolize their rebellion against6what they conceived as the conformist inclinations of American society. By the 1980s, many of the same people were wearing “ power suits” as they sought to advance up the corporate ladder.An example of how hairstyles can create meaningful symbolic codes can be seen in a group known as the Rastafarians(sometimes known as Rastas or Rastaman) of Jamaica. The majority of the people of Jamaica are of African descent. During the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, they were brought to Jamaica by European slave traders to work on plantations. The Rastafarians are a specific religious group within Jamaica who believe that Haile Selassie(1892-1975), the former emperor of Ethiopia, whose original name was Ras Tafari, was the black Messiah who appeared in the flesh for the redemption of all blacks exiled in the world of white oppression. Rastafarian religion fuses Old Testament teachings, Christian mysticism, and Afro-Jamaican religious beliefs. The Rastafarian movement originated as a consequence of harsh economic, political, and living conditions in the slums of Jamaica.In the 1950s, during the early phase of the Rastafarian movement, some male members began to grow their hair in “ locks ” or “ dreadlocks” to symbolize their religious and political commitments. This hairstyle became well known in Western society through reggae( 强节奏黑人音乐 ) music and Rasta musicians such as the late Bob Marley. Rastafarians derive the symbolism of the dreadlock hairstyle of the Rastafarians from the Bible. They view the unshaven man as the natural man and invoke Samson as one of the most importantfigures in the Bible. Dreadlocks also reflect a dominant symbol within the Rastafarian movement, the lion, which is associated with Haile Selassie, one of whose titles was the “ Conquering Lion of Judah( 犹大).” To si mulate the spirit of the lion, some Rastas do not cut their hair, sometimes growing their locks 20 inches or more.Thus, to a great extent, culture consists of a network of symbolic codes that enhance values, beliefs, worldviews, and ideologies within a society, Humans go to a great length to create symbols that provide meaning for individuals and groups. These symbolic meanings are a powerful source of cultural diversity.31.What is the main idea of this selection?A ．Hairstyles and dress codes identify political beliefs in diverse societies.B ． The Rastafarian movement symbolized a religious and political commitment.C． Symbols provide meaning and a satisfaction of biological needs in society.D ．Hairstyles and dress codes can be important symbols of cultural diversity in different societies.32.The author uses the examples of the Scottish tartan, the motorcycle jacket, and the Islamic veilto show.A ． the political power of dress codes in different societies7B ． the diversity of clothing styles throughout the worldC． dress codes that symbolize different ethnic and religious groups D ． the resistance to change of culturally different groups33.The author suggests that the young people wearing jeansin the 1960s w ore“ power suits” inthe 1980s because.A ． styles changedB ．the American government changedC．their attitudes and goals changed D．both outfits symbolized rebellion34.All of the following are true of the Rastafarians EXCEPT.A ． they believe that Emperor Haile Selassie was the blackMessiah B ． they are the original natives of JamaicaC． they are a religious group with political commitmentsD ．they formed as a result of harsh living conditions in Jamaica35.The Rastafarian movement began.A ． at the beginning of the nineteenth centuryB ． around the middle of the twentieth centuryC． before European slave traders arrivedD ． in the early eighteenth centuryPassage 4A child who has once been pleased with a tale likes, as a rule, to have it retold in identically the same words, but this should not lead parents to treat printed fairy stories as sacred texts. It is always much better to tell a story than read it out of a book, and, if a parent can produce what, in the actual circumstances of the time and the individual child, is an improvement on the printed text, so much the better.A charge made against fairy tales is that they harm the child by frightening him or arousing his sadistic impulses. T o prove the latter, one would have to show in controlled experiment that children who have read fairy stories were more often guilty of cruelty than those who had not. Aggressive, destructive,sadistic(虐待狂的) impulses every child has and, on the whole, their symbolic verbal discharge seem to be rather a safety valve than an incitement to overt action. As to fears, there are , I think, well-authenticated cases of children being dangerously terrified by some fairy story. Often, however, this arises from the child having heard the story once. Familiarity with the story by repetition turns the pain of fear into the pleasure of a fear faced and mastered.There are also people who object to fairy stories on the grounds that they are not objectively true, that giants, witches, two-headed dragons, magic carpets, etc., do not exist; and that, instead of indulging his fantasies in fairy tales, the child should be taught how to adapt to reality by studying history and mechanics. I find such people, I must confess, so unsympathetic and peculiar that I do8精品自学考试资料推荐not know how to argue with them. If their case were sound, the world should be full of madmenattempting to fly from New York to Philadelphia on a broomstick or covering a telephone withkisses in the belief that it was their enchanted girlfriend.No fairy story ever claimed to be a description of the external world and no sane child has everbelieved that it was.36.The author considers that a fairy story is more effective when it is .A ． repeated without variationB ．treated with respectC． adapted by the parent D． set in the present37.Fairy stories are a means by which children ’ s impulses. may beA ． beneficially channeledB ．given a destructive tendencyC． held back until maturity D． effectively suppressed38.According to the passage great fear can be stimulated ina child when the story is .A ． in a realistic settingB ．heard for the first timeC． repeated too often D． dramatically told39.The advantage claimed for repeating a fairy story to young children is that it.A ． makes them come to terms with their fearsB ． develops their power of memoryC． convinces them there is nothing to be afraid ofD ． encourages them not to have ridiculous beliefs40.The author’ s mentioning of broomsticks and telephones is meant to suggest that.A ． fairy stories are still being made upB ． there might be confusion about different kinds of truthC． people try to modernize old fairy storiesD ．there is more concern for children’ s fears nowadaysIII.SKIMMING AND SCANNINGIn this part there are 3 reading passages followed by 10 questions or unfinished statements. Foreach of them there are 4 answers marked A,B,C and D. Skim or scan the passages, thendecide on the best answer or the best choice to complete the statement and write thecorresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points,1point each)Passage 1When we call someone a pig or a swine, we do not mean it as a compliment. But pigs do notdeserve to be used as a symbol for an insult. They are probably not as dirty as they are made out tobe. According to one pig keeper, swine are very clean when allowed to live in a clean environment.He feels pigs are usually dirty simply because their keepers don ’ t clean their pens. In any case, n one has proven that the pig that wallows in mud prefers that to a cool bath. Furthermore, pigs aresmarter than most wallows in mud prefers that to a cool bath. Furthermore, pigs are smarter than9most people think. Many farmers, for example, have observed that pigs frequently undo complicated bolts on gates in search of adventure or romance. So the next time you call someone a pig, perhaps he or she ought to be someone you wish to praise.41.This passage deals with.A ． the reasons why pigs are dirtyB ．people ’ s wrong perceptions of pigsC． how to insult or compliment peopleD ． why people like to keep pigs42.One pig keeper feels that pigs will stay clean if they are.A ． given cool baths every dayB ． praised from time to timeC． kept in a clean environmentD ． allowed to seek adventure or romance43.The detail that pigs “ can undo complicated bolts on gates ” supports the opinion that.A ． pigs sometimes can be adventurousB ． pigs are generally misunderstood by peopleC． pigs are also mischievous and romanticD ． pigs are smarter than most people thinkPassage 2The large, gleaming refrigerator is the focal point of most American kitchens. It holds enough food to last many days. It is cold enough to preserve that food well. Its advantages are clear. But that big refrigerator has its drawbacks as well, although they are not usually recognized. First of all, the large refrigerator encourages the hoarding of food, obesity and other eating problems. Also, it hasdestroyed the pleasant custom, still common in Europe, of going to market each day. Picking outone ’ s fresh produce daily while chatting with friends and neighbors is no longer a part of our lives.In addition, people ’desire to buy huge amounts of groceries just a few times a month has encouraged the growth of supermarkets and destroyed local grocery stores. Another victim of thegi ant refrigerator has been small local farmers, who can ’compete against the mega-producers favored by the supermarkets.44.According to the passage, which of the following is regarded by the author as one of th e victims of the “ giant refrigerator ”?A ． The supermarkets.B ．The local grocery stores.C． The American kitchens D． The mega-producers45.From this passage, you could infer that many Europeans .A ． are more economical shoppers than AmericansB ． are better cooksC． enjoy eating moreD ．don ’ taveh “ giant” refrigerators1046.The author’ s tone in this passage is mainly.A ． cheerfulB ．depressingC． critical D． optimistic47.The passage mainly deals with.A ． the advantages of shopping patterns in EuropeB ． disadvantages and advantages of large refrigeratorsC． fresh, healthy produce and daily meeting with friendsD ． wonderful modern kitchen appliancesPassage 3Urbanization and industrialization demanded new directions in education. Public education, once a dream, now becomes a reality. Education was forced to meet new social changes. American society was getting much more complex; literacy became more essential. Secondary education, which had been almost totally in the hands of private individuals up to the time of the Civil War, gradually became a public concern. By the early 1900s there were over 7000 high schools, totaling an enrollment of over 1 million. Technological changes demand more vocational training. Subjects such as bookkeeping, typing, agriculture, woodworking, and metalworking were introduced intothe curriculum. American education finally was becominguniversal.Higher education also responded to the need for more and different education. The Morril Act of 1862 established state land grant colleges that taught agricultural methods and vocational subjects. While curriculums included a large number of required courses during the first two years of college, more elective subjects were added during the last two years. In 1876 Hopkins Unive rsity instituted America ’first graduate school for a dvanced study. In general, American education began to respond to the complexities of the i ndustrial age and the need for a new focus in education.48.One factor, repeatedly emphasized in the passage, is that .A ．technological changes demanded more vocational trainingB ． teaching methods were also changingC． higher education also responded to the need for more different educationD ． education was forced to meet new social changes49.Literacy became more essential because .A ． American public education was far from enoughB ． American society was growing more complexC． the public was concerned about secondary educationD ．far fewer subjects were introduced into the school curriculum50.In the last paragraph of the passage, the word “instituted ” means .A ． set up B． provided11C． set forth D． preparedPART TWO(30 POINTS)IV .WORD FORMATIONSComplete each of the following sentences with the proper form of the word given in thebrackets. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points, 1 point each)51.(title) Being a member you to discounts on tickets.52.(essence) She has added a few characters and changed some names but this is atrue story.53.(advantage) She argued that social , such as lacking a good living condition or agood standard of education, are major causes of crime.54.(effect) She is not officially our boss, but she is in control of the office.55.(courage) It was of the young man to challenge the professor as to the potentialgenetic therapies.56.(supervise) Most health services are provided free of charge for low-income groups and atmoderate charges for others, through local and national agencies, under theof the Department of Health.57.(employ) Four out of five U.S.corporations with more than 500 now offereducational opportunities to workers, and many professional associations haveeducational programs for their members.58.(wide) The range of university courses available has tremendously in recentyears.59.(consider) The nature of Canadian households has changed over the pastquarter-century.60.(afford) Radio exposed a wider audience to country music while new, relativelyinexpensive recording technology made records available at prices. V.ANSWER THE QUESTIONSThere are 4 groups of simple questions in this part, which are based on the texts you have learned. Give a brief answer to each of the questions. Your answers must be to the pointand grammatically correct. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(20 points, 5 points each)61.In The Necklace by de Maupassant, what did Mme. Loisel strongly wish for and how do youaccount for those wishes? What is the irony in the story?(From The Necklace) 62.Why did Smiley name his frog Daniel Webster? What did Smiley try to train him to do? For what purpose did he train his frog?(From The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Cavaveras County ) 63.According to Bricks from the Tower of the Bable, what are the purpose, ideal features and12limitations of a universal language?(From Bricks from the Tower of the Babel ) 64.According to David Givens in What Body Language Can Tell you That Words Cannot, what isbody language? What features does it have? Cite one or two examples of body languagefrom the text.(From What Body Language Can Tell You That Words Cannot)。

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自考英语模考阅读一《英语阅读一》模拟试题(一)READING COMPREHENSIONPassage 1According to a survey, which was based on the responses of over 188,000 students, today’s traditional-agecollege freshmen are “ more materialistic and less altruistic(利他主义的)” than at any time in the 17 years of thepoll.Not surprising in these hard times, the student’s major objective “ is to be financially well off. Less importantthan ever is developing a meaningful philosophy of life.” Itfollows then that today the most popular course is notliterature or history but accounting.Interest in teaching, social service and the ―altruistic‖ fieldsis at a low. On the other hand, enrollment in business programs, engineering and computer science is way up.That’s no surprise either. A friend of mine( a sales representative for a chemical company) was making twice the salary of her college instructors her first year on the job—even before she completed her two-year associatedegree.While it’s true that we all need a career, it is equally tr ue that our civilization has accumulated an incredible amount of knowledge in fields far removed from our own and that we are better for our understanding of these other contributions-be they scientific or artistic. It is equally true that, in studying the diverse wisdom of others, we learn how to think. More important, perhaps, education teaches us to see the connections between things, as well as to see beyond our immediate needs.Weekly we read of unions who went on strike for higher wages, onlyto drive their employer out of business.No company, no job. How shortsighted in the long run!But the most important argument for a broad education is that in studying the accumulated wisdom of the ages, we improve our moral sense.I saw a cartoon recently which shows a group of businessmen looking puzzled as they sit around a conference table; one of them is talking on the intercom(对讲机): “ Miss Baxter,” he says, “ could you please send in someone who can distinguish right from wrong?”From the long-term poin t of view, that’s what education reallyought to be about.21. According to the author’s observation, college studentsA. have never been so materialistic as todayB. have never been so interested in the artsC. have never been so financially well off as todayD. have never attached so much importance to moral sense22. The students’ criteria for selecting majors today have much to do withA. the influences of their instructorsB. the financial goals they seek in lifeC. their own interpretations of the coursesD. their understanding of the contributions of others23. By sayng “While it’s true that… be they scientific or artistic”( Line 1-3, para. 5). The author means thatA. business management should be included in educational programsB. human wisdom has accumulated at an extraordinarily high speedC. human intellectual development has reached new heightsD. the importance of a broad education should not be overlooked24. Studying the diverse wisdom of others canA. create varying artistic interestsB. help people see things in their right perspectiveC. help improve connections among peopleD. regulate the behavior of modern people25. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A. Businessmen absorbed in their career are narrow-minded.B. Managers often find it hard to tell right from wrongC. People engaged in technical jobs lead a more rewarding lifeD. Career seekers should not focus on immediate interests only.Passage 2New technology links the world as never before . Our planet has shrunk. It’s now a “global village” wherecountries are only seconds away by fax or phone or satellite link. And , of course, our ability to benefit from this high-tech communications equipment is greatly enhanced by foreign language skills.Deeply involved with this new technology is a breed of modern businesspeople who have a growing respect for the economic value ofdoing business abroad. In modern markets, success overseas often helps support domestic business efforts.Overseas assignments are becoming increasingly important to advancement within executive ranks . the executive stationed in another country no longer need fear being “out of sight and out of mind.” Heor she can besure that the overseas effort is centr al to the company‘s plan for success, and that promotions often follow oraccompany an assignment abroad. If an employee can succeed in a difficult assignment overseas, superiors will have greater confidence in his or her ability to cope back in the United States where cross-cultural considerations and foreign language issues are becoming moreand more prevalent (普遍的)。

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