物流与供应链-第11章-练习题(含答案版)汇编

物流管理、供应链管理习题集打印版

目录第一章现代物流管理概论 (2)第二章供应链管理 (6)第三章现代物流过程与管理 (10)第四章物流配送 (13)第五章物流中心与物流园区 (20)第六章城市物流与国际物流 (23)第七章物流模式 (28)第八章第三方物流与客户服务 (29)第九章现代物流技术与设备 (32)第十章现代物流管理方法 (37)第一章现代物流管理概论一、单项选择题1. 下列说法正确的是（）。

A. 物流活动克服了供给方和需求方在空间维和时间维方面的距离，创造了空间价值和时间价值。

B. “效益背反”是物流领域中的普遍现象，说明了提高物流某一功能的效益时，物流其他功能的效益同时要减少。

C. 流通活动中资金流是在所有权更迭的交易过程中发生的，可以认为从属于商流。

D. 物流被称为“第三利润源泉”是表明只要重视和发展物流业就能提高效益，产生利润。

2. 关于商流和物流，下列说法正确的是（）。

A. 商流指的是商品的商业性交易，是伴随着物流过程的商品所有权的转让。

B. 物流是增值性的经济活动，其主要经济功能之一是增加物流对象的使用价值。

C. 商流是产生物流的物质基础。

D. 商流和物流的关系非常密切，它们都具有相同的活动内容和规律。

3. 通过物流理论的研究，物流概念产生的原因是（）。

A. 经济原因和管理原因B. 企业原因和军事原因C. 经济原因和军事原因D. 理论原因和企业原因4. 商流与物流的关系（）。

A. 相互独立，毫无关系B. 关系密切，相辅相成C. 物流是商流的先导D. 商物不分离5. 电子商务物流中的瓶颈是（）。

A. 信息技术B. 管理方法C. 配送体系D. 商务标准6. 物流中二律背反的特性是指（）两方面的要求是相互矛盾的。

A. 物流服务与成本B. 物流数量与服务C. 物流结构与成本D. 物流数量与结构7．物体横向或斜向的移动，称作（）。

A. 搬运B. 装卸C. 装卸搬运D. 运输8．运输向用户提供的不是有形产品，而是一种服务，它创造了物品的（），并以该效用为主，辅以多种增值服务功能，满足了用户的需求。

物流与供应链管理考试题简答及答案

物流与供应链管理考试题简答及答案物流1.物流与供应链管理的联系和区别？答：物流与供应链管理具有紧密的联系，两者的运作理念是一致的，而且供应链管理离不开物流管理。

物流系统是企业运行的重要组成部分，也是供应链管理理论、技术方法的主要应用领域。

供应链管理理论、技术方法的发展为改善物流管理和物流系统运行奠定了良好的理论基础。

区别主要表现在：（1）供应链管理强调的是“三流合一”，而物流仅为其中的一个环节；（2）供应链管理的范畴比物流更广。

（3）供应链管理是基于战略伙伴关系的企模型，而物流管理是基于物流企业的合作关系。

（4）供应链管理与物流管理的目标不一致。

2.物流设施选址的原则？答：（1）适应性原则。

区域性物流设施的选址必须与国家以及地区的经济发展方针、政策相适应，与我国物流资源分布和需求分布相适应，与国民经济和社会发展相适应。

（2）协调性原则。

物流设施选址应将国家的物流网络作为一个大系统来考虑，使物流设施与设备在地域分布、物流作业生产力、技术水平等方面相互协调。

（3）经济性原则。

在物流设施的发展过程中，有关选址的费用，主要包括建设费用及物流费用两部分。

物流设施的选址不同，其未来的物流费用是不同的，选址时应以总费用最低作为物流设施选址的标准。

（4）战略性原则。

物流设施的选址，应具有战略眼光。

一是要考虑全局观，二是要考虑长远性。

局部要服从全局，当前利益要服从长远利益，既要考虑当前的实际需要，又要考虑日后发展的可能。

3.企业物流网络规划的考虑因素？答：通常来说，企业物流网络规划涉及许多方面的内容，企业必须考虑多种因素的作用包括：（1）战略因素。

企业战略对企业物流网络规划具有指导作用。

在不同的战略指向下，会有不同的物流网络规划结果。

（2）竞争对手因素。

企业在规划物流网络时必须考虑到竞争对手的战略、规模和设施布局。

（3）客户因素。

客户对物流设施的服务质量、服务价格、服务半径、响应速度等方面的需求直接影响了企业物流网络布局规划。

物流与供应链管理习题

简答题1 供应链---是围绕企业，通过对信息流、物流、资金流旳控制，从采购原材料开始，制成中间产品以及最终产品，最终由销售网络把产品运送到消费者手中，将供应商、制造商、分销商、零售商、直到最终顾客连成一种整体旳功能网链构造模式。

1b 供应链旳特性1.复杂性。

由于供应链节点企业构成旳跨度(层次)不一样，供应链往往由多种、多类型、多地区企业构成，因此供应链构造模式比一般单个企业旳构造模式更为复杂。

2.动态性。

供应链管理因企业战略和适应市场需求变化旳需要，其中旳节点企业需要动态地更新，这就使得供应链具有明显旳动态性。

3.交叉性。

节点企业可以是这个供应链旳组员，同步又是另一种供应链旳组员，众多旳供应链形成交叉构造，增长了协调管理旳难度2 横向一体化：运用企业外部资源迅速响应市场需求，本企业只抓最关键旳东西：产品方向和市场。

至于生产，只抓关键零部件旳制造。

3 供应链合作伙伴关系答：一般是指在供应链内部两个或以上独立旳组员之间形成旳一种协调关系，以保证明现某个特定旳目旳或效益，也就是供应商-制造商关系，或者称为卖主/供应商-买主关系。

4 物流管理与供应链管理旳关系1）.物流管理是指通过物流管理组织对整个物流活动进行计划、组织、指挥、监督、控制、调整工作旳总和。

物流管理是对物流旳计划——实行——评价反复进行旳。

供应链管理旳概念为：“运用计算机网络技术全面规划供应链中旳商流、物流、信息流、资金流等，并进行计划、组织、协调与控制”。

供应链管理旳重要领域有：供应，生产计划，物流，需求，战略性供应商和顾客合作伙伴关系管理，供应链产品需求预测和计划，供应链旳设计，企业内部之间物料供应与需求管理，基于供应链管理旳产品设计与制造管理、生产集成化计划、跟踪和控制，基于供应链旳顾客服务和物流管理，企业间资金流管理，基于Internet ／Intranet旳供应链交互信息管理等。

]2）.两者之间有区别也有联络。

从管理对象上观测，物流管理旳对象是物流活动和与物流活动直接有关旳其他活动。

物流与供应链管理考试试题

物流与供应链管理考试试题一、选择题（每题2分，共40分）在下列选项中，选择最符合题意的答案，并将其序号填写在答题纸上。

1.物流是指（）。

A.产品流动的过程B.物品从供应商到顾客的流动C.管理货物的活动D.所有运输活动的总和2.以下哪项不属于供应链管理的关键活动？A.采购B.生产C.销售D.运输3.在供应链管理中，最重要的目标是（）。

A.降低成本B.提高顾客满意度C.提高运输效率D.增加销售额4.以下哪项不是物流网络设计的重要环节？A.运输模式选择B.仓库布局设计C.配送中心位置选择D.产品定价策略5.以下哪项不属于物流成本的主要组成部分？A.运输成本B.仓储成本C.人工成本D.信息成本6.以下哪项是物流服务质量的重要指标？A.发货及时率B.库存周转率C.成本率D.运输距离7.以下哪项不属于供应链中的信息技术系统？A.电子商务平台B.供应链协同系统C.企业资源计划系统D.财务管理系统8.以下哪项不属于物流风险管理的范畴？A.运输风险B.仓储风险C.市场风险D.竞争风险9.以下哪项不属于供应链的竞争优势？A.成本优势B.创新优势C.产品质量优势D.市场地位优势10.物流与供应链的目标一致，即都是为了（）。

A.实现快速交付B.实现高效生产C.提供优质服务D.降低成本二、简答题（每题10分，共30分）根据问题，简要回答以下三个问题。

1. 什么是物流网络设计？请简述一下物流网络设计的流程。

物流网络设计是指根据企业的物流需求和业务特点，合理规划和设计物流网络的过程。

其流程包括以下几个步骤：1）需求分析：对企业的物流需求进行全面分析，包括运输、仓储、配送等方面的需求。

2）网络规划：确定物流网络的整体布局，包括仓库的位置和数量、配送中心的位置等。

3）运输模式选择：根据物流需求和成本因素，选择适合的运输模式，如公路运输、航空运输等。

4）仓库布局设计：根据不同商品的特点和仓储需求，确定仓库的布局和内部管理方式。

5）配送中心位置选择：根据市场需求和运输距离等因素，选择适合的配送中心的位置。

供应链管理第三版Unit11习题与答案(可编辑修改word版)

Chapter 11Managing Uncertainty in the Supply Chain: Safety InventoryTrue/False1. Safety inventory is inventory carried for the purpose of satisfying demand thatexceeds the amount forecasted for a given period.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate2. Safety inventory is carried because demand forecasts are accurate and aproduct shortage may result if the forecast demand exceeds the actual demand.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate3. Raising the level of safety inventory increases product availability and thus themargin captured from customer purchases.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate4. Raising the level of safety inventory increases inventory holding c osts.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy5. Carrying excessive inventory can help counter demand volatility when newproducts come on the market.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate6. The appropriate level of safety inventory is determined by the uncertainty of bothdemand and supply and the desired level of cycle inventory.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate7. As the uncertainty of supply or demand grows, the required level of safetyinventories increases.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate8. As the desired level of product availability increases, the required level of s afetyinventory decreases.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Easy9. Lead time is the gap between when an order is placed and when it is r eceived.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy10. The coefficient of variation measures the size of the relative certainty of cycleinventory.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Easy11. Product availability reflects a firm’s ability to fill a customer order out of availableinventory.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate12. Order fill rate is the fraction of product demand that is satisfied from product ininventory.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate13. Product fill rate is the fraction of product demand that is satisfied from product ininventory.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate14. The distinction between product fill rate and order fill rate is significant in a singleproduct situation.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Hard15. Tracking order fill rates is important when customers place a high value on theentire order being filled simultaneously.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy16. With continuous review, inventory is continuously tracked and an order for a lotsize Q is placed at regular intervals of time.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Hard17. With periodic review, inventory status is checked at regular intervals and an orderis placed to raise the inventory level to a specified threshold.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Hard18. The expected shortage per replenishment cycle (ESC) is the average units ofdemand that are satisfied from inventory in stock per replenishment cycle.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Hard19. A shortage occurs in a replenishment cycle only if the demand during the leadtime exceeds the ROP.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate20. The fill rate increases and the cycle service level decreases as the safetyinventory is increased.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate21. For the same safety inventory, an increase in lot size increases the fill rate butnot the cycle service level.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Hard22. The required safety inventory grows rapidly with a decrease in the desiredproduct availability.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Easy23. The required safety inventory increases with an increase in the lead time and thestandard deviation of periodic demand.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy24. A goal of any supply chain manager is to reduce the level of safety inventoryrequired regardless of the affect product availability.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Easy25. In most supply chains, the key to reducing the underlying forecast uncertainty isto link all forecasts throughout the supply chain to customer demand data.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate26. A reduction in supply can help dramatically reduce safety inventory requiredwithout hurting product availability.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate27. Aggregation reduces the standard deviation of demand only if demand acrossthe regions being aggregated is not perfectly positively correlated.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate28. In case demand in different geographical regions is about the same size andindependent, aggregation increases safety inventory by the square root of thenumber of areas aggregated.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate29. If aggregation reduces the required safety inventory for a product by a smallamount, it may be best to carry the product in multiple decentralized locations t o reduce response time and transportation cost.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate30. The lower the coefficient of variation of an item, the greater the reduction insafety inventories as a result of centralization.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Hard31. Manufacturer-driven substitution increases overall profitability for themanufacturer by allowing some aggregation of demand, which reduces theinventory requirements for the same level of availability.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate32. Postponement allows the supply chain to delay product differentiation, whichresults in disaggregating most of the inventories in the supply chain. Answer:FalseDifficulty: Moderate33. Periodic review policies require more safety inventory than continuous reviewpolicies for the same level of product availability.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy34. When using a continuous review policy, a manager has to account for theuncertainty of demand during the lead time and the review interval.Answer: FalseDifficulty: EasyMultiple Choice1. Inventory carried for the purpose of satisfying demand that exceeds the amountforecasted for a given period isa. cycle inventory.b. demand inventory.c. safety inventory.d. security inventory.e. all of the aboveAnswer: cDifficulty: Easy2. Safety inventory is carried becausea. demand forecasts are accurate.b. demand forecasts are uncertain.c. adequate supplies are available.d. excess product was manufactured.e. forecast demand exceeds the actual demand.Answer: b Difficulty:Moderate3. The trade-off that a supply chain manager must consider when planning safetyinventory isa. increasing product availability versus increasing inventory holding costs.b. decreasing product availability versus decreasing inventory holding costs.c. increasing product availability versus raising the level of safety inventory.d. decreasing product availability versus decreasing the level of safetyinventory.e. none of the aboveAnswer: aDifficulty: Moderate4. The issue of product availability and the level of safety inventory is particularlysignificant in industries wherea. product life cycles are short and demand is stable.b. product life cycles are short and demand is very volatile.c. product life cycles are long and demand is stable.d. product life cycles are long and demand is very volatile.e. a and b onlyAnswer: b Difficulty:Moderate5. A key to success at which company has been its ability to provide a high level ofproduct availability to customers while carrying very low levels of safety inventory in its supply chain?a. Compaqb. Hewlett-Packardc. Delld. Packard-Belle. all of the aboveAnswer: cDifficulty: Moderate6. What key question(s) need(s) to be considered when planning safety inventoryfor any supply chain?a. What is the appropriate lead time to establish?b. What is the appropriate level of safety inventory to carry?c. What actions can be taken to improve product availability while reducingsafety inventory?d. a and b onlye. b and c onlyAnswer: e Difficulty:Moderate7. The appropriate level of safety inventory is determined bya. the uncertainty of both demand and supply.b. the desired level of product availability.c. the desired level of cycle inventory.d. the processes in a supply chain are divided into 2 categories dependingall of the abovee. a and b onlyAnswer: e Difficulty:Moderate8. As the uncertainty of supply or demand grows, the required level of safetyinventoriesa. decreases.b. increases.c. remains stable.d. both a and be. none of the aboveAnswer: bDifficulty: Moderate9. As the desired level of product availability increases, the required level of s afetyinventorya. decreases.b. increases.c. remains stable.d. both a and be. none of the aboveAnswer: eDifficulty: Moderate10. Lead time is the gap betweena. when an order is placed and when it is received.b. when an order is received and when it is put away.c. when an order is received and when it is used.d. when an order is acknowledged and when it is received.e. none of the aboveAnswer: aDifficulty: Easy11. The coefficient of variation measuresa. the accuracy of the demand forecast.b. the size of the uncertainty relative to demand.c. the relevance of cycle inventory to demand.d. the relative certainty of the forecast.e. none of the aboveAnswer: bDifficulty: Moderate12. Which of the following is not a measure of product availability?a. customer fill rateb. product fill ratec. order fill rated. cycle service level (CSL)e. none of the aboveAnswer: aDifficulty: Moderate13. The fraction of orders that are filled from available inventory is thea. customer fill rate.b. product fill rate.c. order fill rate.d. cycle service level (CSL).e. none of the aboveAnswer: cDifficulty: Easy14. The fraction of product demand that is satisfied from product in inventory is thea. customer fill rate.b. product fill rate.c. order fill rate.d. cycle service level (CSL).e. none of the aboveAnswer: bDifficulty: Easy15. The fraction of replenishment cycles that end with all the customer demand beingmet is thea. customer fill rate.b. product fill rate.c. order fill rate.d. cycle service level (CSL).e. none of the aboveAnswer: dDifficulty: Easy16. If a customer order arrives when product is not availablea. a sale results.b. the retailer allocates product to the customer.c. a stockout results.d. the order is filled from safety inventory.e. none of the aboveAnswer: cDifficulty: Moderate17. The distinction between product fill rate and order fill rate isa. not significant in a single product situation.b. significant in a single product situation.c. not significant when a firm is selling multiple products.d. significant when a firm is selling multiple products.e. both a and dAnswer: aDifficulty: Moderate18. A replenishment policya. consists of decisions regarding when to reorder and how much to reorder.b. determines the cycle and safety inventories along with the fr and the CSL.c. may take several forms.d. All of the above are true.e. None of the above are true.Answer: dDifficulty: Moderate19. A company that tracks inventory and places an order for a lot size Q when theinventory declines to the reorder point (ROP) is usinga. continuous review.b. daily review.c. occasional review.d. periodic review.e. none of the aboveAnswer: aDifficulty: Easy20. A company that checks inventory status at regular periodic intervals and placesan order to raise the inventory level to a specified threshold is usinga. continuous review.b. daily review.c. occasional review.d. periodic review.e. none of the aboveAnswer: dDifficulty: Moderate21. Which of the following is correct?a. Average inventory = cycle inventory + safety inventoryb. Average inventory = cycle inventory - safety inventoryc. Average inventory = cycle inventory x safety inventoryd. Average inventory = cycle inventory / safety inventorye. none of the aboveAnswer: aDifficulty: Easy22. The expected shortage per replenishment cycle (ESC) isa. the units of demand that are not satisfied from inventory in stock in agiven replenishment cycle.b. the units of demand that are satisfied from inventory in stock in a givenreplenishment cycle.c. the average units of demand that are not satisfied from inventory in stockper replenishment cycle.d. the average units of demand that are satisfied from inventory in stock perreplenishment cycle.e. none of the aboveAnswer: cDifficulty: Moderate23. The product fill rate (fr) is thus given bya. fr = 1 –ESC/Q + (Q – ES C)/Q.b. fr = 1 –ESC/Q – (Q – ES C)/Q.c. fr = 1 + ESC/Q = (Q + ES C)/Q.d. fr = 1 –ESC/Q = (Q – ES C)/Q.e. none of the aboveAnswer: dDifficulty: Hard24. Given a lot size of Q (which is also the average demand in a replenishmentcycle)a. the fraction of demand lost is thus ESC + Q.b. the fraction of demand lost is thus ESC –Q.c. the fraction of demand lost is thus ESC/Q.d. the fraction of demand lost is thus ESC x Q.e. none of the aboveAnswer: cDifficulty: Hard25. A shortage occurs in a replenishment cyclea. only if the demand during the lead time exceeds the ROP.b. only if the demand during the lead time is less than the ROP.c. only if the demand during the lead time exceeds the average demand.d. only if the demand during the lead time is less than the average demand.e. none of the aboveAnswer: aDifficulty: Moderate26. As the safety inventory is increaseda. fill rate increases and cycle service level decreases.b. fill rate decreases and cycle service level increases.c. both fill rate and cycle service level increase.d. both fill rate and cycle service level decrease.e. none of the aboveAnswer: cDifficulty: Moderate27. For the same safety inventory, an increase in lot sizea. decreases the fill rate but not the cycle service level.b. increases the fill rate but not the cycle service level.c. decreases both the fill rate and the cycle service level.d. increases both the fill rate and the cycle service level.e. none of the aboveAnswer: cDifficulty: Hard28. The expected shortage per replenishment cycle is shown asa. ESC = (1 + fr)Q.b. ESC = (1 –fr)Q.c. ESC = (1 + fr)/Q.d. ESC = (1 –fr)/Q.e. none of the aboveAnswer: bDifficulty: Hard29. The required safety inventorya. grows rapidly with a decrease in the desired product a vailability.b. grows rapidly with an increase in the desired product availability.c. decreases with an increase in the desired product a vailability.d. remains stable with an increase in the desired product availability.e. none of the aboveAnswer: bDifficulty: Moderate30. The required safety inventorya. increases with an increase in the lead time and the standard deviation ofperiodic demand.b. decreases with an increase in the lead time and the standard deviation ofperiodic demand.c. remains stable with an increase in the lead time and the standarddeviation of periodic demand.d. increases with a decrease in the lead time and the standard deviation ofperiodic demand.e. none of the aboveAnswer: dDifficulty: Moderate31. A goal of any supply chain manager is toa. increase the level of safety inventory required in a way that does notadversely affect product availability.b. increase the level of safety inventory required regardless of the effect onproduct availability.c. reduce the level of safety inventory required regardless of the effect onproduct availability.d. reduce the level of safety inventory required in a way that does notadversely affect product availability.e. none of the aboveAnswer: dDifficulty: Moderate32. Which of the following is not an approach to reduce the level of safety inventoryrequired in a way that does not adversely affect product availability?a. Reduce the supplier lead time.b. Reduce the underlying uncertainty of demand.c. Reduce the cost of material coming from suppliers.d. All of the above are approaches.e. None of the above are approaches.Answer: cDifficulty: Hard33. Often, safety inventory calculations in practicea. do not include any measure of supply uncertainty, resulting in levels thatmay be higher than required.b. do not include any measure of supply uncertainty, resulting in levels thatmay be lower than required.c. include measures of supply uncertainty, resulting in levels that may behigher than required.d. include any measures of supply uncertainty, resulting in levels that maybe lower than required.e. None of the above are accurate.Answer: bDifficulty: Hard34. Aggregation reduces the standard deviation of demanda. only if demand across the regions being aggregated is perfectly positivelycorrelated.b. only if demand across the regions being aggregated is not p erfectlypositively correlated.c. even if demand across the regions being aggregated is not p erfectlypositively correlated.d. whenever demand across the regions being aggregated is not perfectlypositively correlated.e. All of the above are accurate.Answer: bDifficulty: Hard35. If the number of independent stocking locations decreases by a factor of n, theaverage safety inventory is expected toa. decrease by a factor of √n.b. decrease by a factor of n.c. increase by a factor of √n.d. increase by a factor of n.e. None of the above are accurate.Answer: aDifficulty: Moderate36. Which of the following is not a major disadvantage of aggregating all inventory inone location?a. Increase in forecast accuracy of customer demand.b. Increase in response time to customer order.c. Increase in transportation cost to customer.d. All of the above are disadvantages.e. All of the above are advantages.Answer: aDifficulty: Easy37. Which of the following is not a method by which a supply chain can extract thebenefits of aggregation without having to physically centralize all inventories inone location?a. information centralizationb. specializationc. product substitutiond. component differentiatione. postponementAnswer: dDifficulty: Moderation38. Which approach to aggregation requires an information system that allowsaccess to current inventory records from each location?a. information centralizationb. specializationc. product substitutiond. component commonalitye. postponementAnswer: aDifficulty: Easy39. Which approach to aggregation would stock the fast-moving items atdecentralized locations close to the customer and slow-moving items at acentralized location?a. information centralizationb. specializationc. product substitutiond. component commonalitye. postponementAnswer: b Difficulty:Moderate40. The use of one product to satisfy demand for a different product isa. information centralization.b. specialization.c. product substitution.d. component commonality.e. postponement.Answer: cDifficulty: Easy41. Which use of common components in a variety of products has been a veryeffective supply chain strategy to exploit aggregation and reduce componentinventories?a. information centralizationb. specializationc. product substitutiond. component commonalitye. postponementAnswer: aDifficulty: Easy42. The ability of a supply chain to delay product differentiation or customization u ntilcloser to the time the product is sold isa. information centralization.b. specialization.c. product substitution.d. component commonality.e. postponement.Answer: e Difficulty:Moderate43. Which approach to aggregation has the goal of moving product differentiation asclose to the pull phase of the supply chain as possible?a. information centralizationb. specializationc. product substitutiond. component commonalitye. postponementAnswer: e Difficulty:Moderate44. Periodic review policies for inventory replenishment require safety inventory tocover demand duringa. lead time only.b. the review interval only.c. both lead time and the review interval.d. neither lead time or the review interval.e. lead time when it exceeds the review interval.Answer: cDifficulty: Moderate45. Continuous review policies for inventory replenishment require safety inventory tocover demand duringa. lead time only.b. the review interval only.c. both lead time and the review interval.d. neither lead time or the review interval.e. lead time when it exceeds the review interval.Answer: aDifficulty: Moderate46. Periodic review policies requirea. more safety inventory than continuous review policies for the same levelof product availability.b. less safety inventory than continuous review policies for the same level ofproduct availability.c. the same safety inventory as continuous review policies for the samelevel of product availability.d. no more safety inventory than continuous review policies for the samelevel of product availability.e. none of the aboveAnswer: aDifficulty: Moderate47. All inventory between a given stage in the supply chain and the final customer iscalled thea. cycle inventory.b. demand inventory.c. echelon inventory.d. safety inventory.e. none of the aboveAnswer: cDifficulty: Hard48. A distributor should decide his safety inventory levels based ona. the level of safety inventory carried by all retailers supplied by him.b. the level of safety inventory carried by other distributors.c. the level of safety inventory carried by manufacturers supplying him.d. the level of cycle inventory carried by all retailers supplied by him.e. the level of cycle inventory carried by other distributors.Answer: aDifficulty: Hard49. As retailers decrease the level of safety inventory they carry, the distributor willhave toa. decrease his or her safety inventory.b. increase his or her safety inventory.c. keep his or her safety inventory at the same level.d. increase his or her cycle inventory.e. decrease his or her cycle inventory.Answer: bDifficulty: HardEssay/Problems1. Discuss the role of safety inventory in the supply chain and the trade-offsinvolved.Answer: The primary role of safety inventory is providing product availability forcustomers when demand and supply are uncertain. The trade-off that a supplychain manager must consider when planning safety inventory involve productavailability and inventory holding costs. On one hand, raising the level of safetyinventory increases product availability and thus the margin captured fromcustomer purchases. On the other hand, raising the level of safety inventoryincreases inventory holding costs. This issue is particularly significant inindustries where product life cycles are short and demand is very volatile.Carrying excessive inventory can help counter demand volatility but can reallyhurt if new products come on the market and demand for the product in inventory dries up. The inventory on hand then becomes worthless.In today’s business environment, firms experience great pressure to improveproduct availability while increasing product variety through customization. As aresult, markets have become increasingly heterogeneous and demand forindividual products is very unstable and difficult to forecast. Both the increasedvariety and the increased pressure for availability push firms to increase the level of safety inventory they hold.At the same time, product life cycles have shrunk. This increases the risk to firms of carrying too much inventory. Thus, a key to the success of any supply chain is to figure out ways to decrease the level of safety inventory carried without hurting the level of product availability.Difficulty: Hard2. Discuss the various measures of product availability.Answer: Product availability reflects a firm’s ability to fill a customer order out ofavailable inventory. A stockout results if a customer order arrives when product is not available. There are several ways to measure product availability. Allavailability measures are defined on average over a given time frame, which can range from hours to a year.Product fill rate (fr) is the fraction of product demand that is satisfied from product in inventory. It is equivalent to the probability that product demand is suppliedfrom available inventory.Order fill rate is the fraction of orders that are filled from available inventory. In a multi-product scenario, an order is filled from inventory only if all products in theorder can be supplied from the available inventory. Order fill rates tend to belower than product fill rates because all products must be in stock for an order to be filled.Cycle service level (CSL) is the fraction of replenishment cycles that end with all the customer demand being met. A replenishment cycle is the interval betweentwo successive replenishment deliveries. The CSL is equal to the probability ofnot having a stockout in a replenishment cycle. Observe that a CSL of 60 percent will typically result in a much higher fill rate.The distinction between product fill rate and order fill rate is not significant in asingle product situation. When a firm is selling multiple products, however, thisdifference may be significant. For example, if most orders include 10 or moredifferent products that are to be shipped, an out-of-stock situation of one product results in the order not being filled from stock. The firm in this case may have apoor order fill rate even though it has good product fill rates. Tracking order fillrates is important when customers place a high value on the entire order beingfilled simultaneously.Difficulty: Moderate3. Describe the two types of ordering policies and the impact each has on safetyinventory.Answer: A replenishment policy consists of decisions regarding when to reorderand how much to reorder. These decisions determine the cycle and safetyinventories along with the fr and the CSL. There are several forms thatreplenishment policies may take. We restrict attention to two instances:1. Continuous review: Inventory is continuously tracked and an order for a lotsize Q is placed when the inventory declines to the reorder point (ROP). The time between orders may fluctuate given variable demand. When using a continuousreview policy, a manager has to account only for the uncertainty of demandduring the lead time (L).2. Periodic review: Inventory status is checked at regular periodic intervals andan order is placed to raise the inventory level to a specified threshold. In thiscase, the time between orders is fixed. The size of each order, however, can。

物流与供应链管理重点及答案----11月汇编

1、SWOT是指什么？237答：SWOT分析法又称为态势分析法．它是由旧金山大学的管理学教授于20世纪80年代初提出来的．是一种能够较客观而准确地分析和研究一个单位现实情况的方法。

SWOT分别代表优势、劣势、机会和威胁。

2、什么是企业即时采购战略？234纵向协同物流战略？235答：企业即时采购战略是将即时生产和即时物流综合考虑，形成一个决策系统来提高企业的经营效率。

即时采购是一种先进的采购模式，其基本思想是在恰当的时间、恰当的地点，以恰当的数量、恰当的质量从上游厂商向企业提供恰当的产品。

纵向协同物流战略是流通渠道不同阶段企业相互协调，形成合作性、共同化的物流管理系统，也就是供应链的管理。

3、预测管理的基础是什么？（P81页第3-5行）预测管理的基础是（预测数据库），它包括经过处理后等待发货的订单，以往需求的历史数据以及刺激需求的策略，如促销、特殊交易或者产品交换等。

4、物流车辆维修与保养计划是否是企业物流系统规划与设计的主要内容(不是)企业物流系统规划与设计的主要内容包括：（1）物流网络布局规划；（2）物流节点内部布局规划；（3）物流设备选型和平面布局设计。

5、物流体系的本质是什么？答：物流体系的本质是以自身发展理念、发展方式、发展内容为指导并通过专门的作业创造并实现价值的活动。

6．如何确定安全库存量？P186安全库存=前置需求标准差*标准差值再订货点=前置需求标准差+安全库存7．（预测的准确性）是指销售预测值与实际的销售值之间的差别大小。

P828、供应链管理中，S&OP的典型处理流程有哪些P32答：在举行SOP会议之前，需求计划和供应计划已经得到匹配，形成了初步的供需计划，带到会议上进行探讨，当然不这并不是说这个计划不能变更，而是可以在充分协商的基本上，再加以调整。

销售与运作规划（S&OP）是以（月）为单位进行滚动进行的.28有哪些常用的定量预测方法？（P78-79页）常用的定量预测方法有：1.定性分析法；2.移动平均数法；（3.指数加权平均数法。

供应链管理第三版Unit11习题与答案(最新整理)

Chapter 11Managing Uncertainty in the Supply Chain: Safety InventoryTrue/False1. Safety inventory is inventory carried for the purpose of satisfying demand thatexceeds the amount forecasted for a given period.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate2. Safety inventory is carried because demand forecasts are accurate and aproduct shortage may result if the forecast demand exceeds the actual demand.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate3. Raising the level of safety inventory increases product availability and thus themargin captured from customer purchases.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate4. Raising the level of safety inventory increases inventory holding c osts.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy5. Carrying excessive inventory can help counter demand volatility when newproducts come on the market.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate6. The appropriate level of safety inventory is determined by the uncertainty of bothdemand and supply and the desired level of cycle inventory.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate7. As the uncertainty of supply or demand grows, the required level of safetyinventories increases.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate8. As the desired level of product availability increases, the required level of s afetyinventory decreases.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Easy9. Lead time is the gap between when an order is placed and when it is r eceived.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy10. The coefficient of variation measures the size of the relative certainty of cycleinventory.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Easy11. Product availability reflects a firm’s ability to fill a customer order out of availableinventory.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate12. Order fill rate is the fraction of product demand that is satisfied from product ininventory.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate13. Product fill rate is the fraction of product demand that is satisfied from product ininventory.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate14. The distinction between product fill rate and order fill rate is significant in a singleproduct situation.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Hard15. Tracking order fill rates is important when customers place a high value on theentire order being filled simultaneously.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy16. With continuous review, inventory is continuously tracked and an order for a lotsize Q is placed at regular intervals of time.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Hard17. With periodic review, inventory status is checked at regular intervals and an orderis placed to raise the inventory level to a specified threshold.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Hard18. The expected shortage per replenishment cycle (ESC) is the average units ofdemand that are satisfied from inventory in stock per replenishment cycle.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Hard19. A shortage occurs in a replenishment cycle only if the demand during the leadtime exceeds the ROP.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate20. The fill rate increases and the cycle service level decreases as the safetyinventory is increased.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate21. For the same safety inventory, an increase in lot size increases the fill rate butnot the cycle service level.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Hard22. The required safety inventory grows rapidly with a decrease in the desiredproduct availability.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Easy23. The required safety inventory increases with an increase in the lead time and thestandard deviation of periodic demand.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy24. A goal of any supply chain manager is to reduce the level of safety inventoryrequired regardless of the affect product availability.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Easy25. In most supply chains, the key to reducing the underlying forecast uncertainty isto link all forecasts throughout the supply chain to customer demand data.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate26. A reduction in supply can help dramatically reduce safety inventory requiredwithout hurting product availability.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate27. Aggregation reduces the standard deviation of demand only if demand acrossthe regions being aggregated is not perfectly positively correlated.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate28. In case demand in different geographical regions is about the same size andindependent, aggregation increases safety inventory by the square root of thenumber of areas aggregated.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate29. If aggregation reduces the required safety inventory for a product by a smallamount, it may be best to carry the product in multiple decentralized locations t o reduce response time and transportation cost.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate30. The lower the coefficient of variation of an item, the greater the reduction insafety inventories as a result of centralization.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Hard31. Manufacturer-driven substitution increases overall profitability for themanufacturer by allowing some aggregation of demand, which reduces theinventory requirements for the same level of availability.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate32. Postponement allows the supply chain to delay product differentiation, whichresults in disaggregating most of the inventories in the supply chain. Answer:FalseDifficulty: Moderate33. Periodic review policies require more safety inventory than continuous reviewpolicies for the same level of product availability.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy34. When using a continuous review policy, a manager has to account for theuncertainty of demand during the lead time and the review interval.Answer: FalseDifficulty: EasyMultiple Choice1. Inventory carried for the purpose of satisfying demand that exceeds the amountforecasted for a given period isa. cycle inventory.b. demand inventory.c. safety inventory.d. security inventory.e. all of the aboveAnswer: cDifficulty: Easy2. Safety inventory is carried becausea. demand forecasts are accurate.b. demand forecasts are uncertain.c. adequate supplies are available.d. excess product was manufactured.e. forecast demand exceeds the actual demand.Answer: b Difficulty:Moderate3. The trade-off that a supply chain manager must consider when planning safetyinventory isa. increasing product availability versus increasing inventory holding costs.b. decreasing product availability versus decreasing inventory holding costs.c. increasing product availability versus raising the level of safety inventory.d. decreasing product availability versus decreasing the level of safetyinventory.e. none of the aboveAnswer: aDifficulty: Moderate4. The issue of product availability and the level of safety inventory is particularlysignificant in industries wherea. product life cycles are short and demand is stable.b. product life cycles are short and demand is very volatile.c. product life cycles are long and demand is stable.d. product life cycles are long and demand is very volatile.e. a and b onlyAnswer: b Difficulty:Moderate5. A key to success at which company has been its ability to provide a high level ofproduct availability to customers while carrying very low levels of safety inventory in its supply chain?a. Compaqb. Hewlett-Packardc. Delld. Packard-Belle. all of the aboveAnswer: cDifficulty: Moderate6. What key question(s) need(s) to be considered when planning safety inventoryfor any supply chain?a. What is the appropriate lead time to establish?b. What is the appropriate level of safety inventory to carry?c. What actions can be taken to improve product availability while reducingsafety inventory?d. a and b onlye. b and c onlyAnswer: e Difficulty:Moderate7. The appropriate level of safety inventory is determined bya. the uncertainty of both demand and supply.b. the desired level of product availability.c. the desired level of cycle inventory.d. the processes in a supply chain are divided into 2 categories dependingall of the abovee. a and b onlyAnswer: e Difficulty:Moderate8. As the uncertainty of supply or demand grows, the required level of safetyinventoriesa. decreases.b. increases.c. remains stable.d. both a and be. none of the aboveAnswer: bDifficulty: Moderate9. As the desired level of product availability increases, the required level of s afetyinventorya. decreases.b. increases.c. remains stable.d. both a and be. none of the aboveAnswer: eDifficulty: Moderate10. Lead time is the gap betweena. when an order is placed and when it is received.b. when an order is received and when it is put away.c. when an order is received and when it is used.d. when an order is acknowledged and when it is received.e. none of the aboveAnswer: aDifficulty: Easy11. The coefficient of variation measuresa. the accuracy of the demand forecast.b. the size of the uncertainty relative to demand.c. the relevance of cycle inventory to demand.d. the relative certainty of the forecast.e. none of the aboveAnswer: bDifficulty: Moderate12. Which of the following is not a measure of product availability?a. customer fill rateb. product fill ratec. order fill rated. cycle service level (CSL)e. none of the aboveAnswer: aDifficulty: Moderate13. The fraction of orders that are filled from available inventory is thea. customer fill rate.b. product fill rate.c. order fill rate.d. cycle service level (CSL).e. none of the aboveAnswer: cDifficulty: Easy14. The fraction of product demand that is satisfied from product in inventory is thea. customer fill rate.b. product fill rate.c. order fill rate.d. cycle service level (CSL).e. none of the aboveAnswer: bDifficulty: Easy15. The fraction of replenishment cycles that end with all the customer demand beingmet is thea. customer fill rate.b. product fill rate.c. order fill rate.d. cycle service level (CSL).e. none of the aboveAnswer: dDifficulty: Easy16. If a customer order arrives when product is not availablea. a sale results.b. the retailer allocates product to the customer.c. a stockout results.d. the order is filled from safety inventory.e. none of the aboveAnswer: cDifficulty: Moderate17. The distinction between product fill rate and order fill rate isa. not significant in a single product situation.b. significant in a single product situation.c. not significant when a firm is selling multiple products.d. significant when a firm is selling multiple products.e. both a and dAnswer: aDifficulty: Moderate18. A replenishment policya. consists of decisions regarding when to reorder and how much to reorder.b. determines the cycle and safety inventories along with the fr and the CSL.c. may take several forms.d. All of the above are true.e. None of the above are true.Answer: dDifficulty: Moderate19. A company that tracks inventory and places an order for a lot size Q when theinventory declines to the reorder point (ROP) is usinga. continuous review.b. daily review.c. occasional review.d. periodic review.e. none of the aboveAnswer: aDifficulty: Easy20. A company that checks inventory status at regular periodic intervals and placesan order to raise the inventory level to a specified threshold is usinga. continuous review.b. daily review.c. occasional review.d. periodic review.e. none of the aboveAnswer: dDifficulty: Moderate21. Which of the following is correct?a. Average inventory = cycle inventory + safety inventoryb. Average inventory = cycle inventory - safety inventoryc. Average inventory = cycle inventory x safety inventoryd. Average inventory = cycle inventory / safety inventorye. none of the aboveAnswer: aDifficulty: Easy22. The expected shortage per replenishment cycle (ESC) isa. the units of demand that are not satisfied from inventory in stock in agiven replenishment cycle.b. the units of demand that are satisfied from inventory in stock in a givenreplenishment cycle.c. the average units of demand that are not satisfied from inventory in stockper replenishment cycle.d. the average units of demand that are satisfied from inventory in stock perreplenishment cycle.e. none of the aboveAnswer: cDifficulty: Moderate23. The product fill rate (fr) is thus given bya. fr = 1 –ESC/Q + (Q – ES C)/Q.b. fr = 1 –ESC/Q – (Q – ES C)/Q.c. fr = 1 + ESC/Q = (Q + ES C)/Q.d. fr = 1 –ESC/Q = (Q – ES C)/Q.e. none of the aboveAnswer: dDifficulty: Hard24. Given a lot size of Q (which is also the average demand in a replenishmentcycle)a. the fraction of demand lost is thus ESC + Q.b. the fraction of demand lost is thus ESC –Q.c. the fraction of demand lost is thus ESC/Q.d. the fraction of demand lost is thus ESC x Q.e. none of the aboveAnswer: cDifficulty: Hard25. A shortage occurs in a replenishment cyclea. only if the demand during the lead time exceeds the ROP.b. only if the demand during the lead time is less than the ROP.c. only if the demand during the lead time exceeds the average demand.d. only if the demand during the lead time is less than the average demand.e. none of the aboveAnswer: aDifficulty: Moderate26. As the safety inventory is increaseda. fill rate increases and cycle service level decreases.b. fill rate decreases and cycle service level increases.c. both fill rate and cycle service level increase.d. both fill rate and cycle service level decrease.e. none of the aboveAnswer: cDifficulty: Moderate27. For the same safety inventory, an increase in lot sizea. decreases the fill rate but not the cycle service level.b. increases the fill rate but not the cycle service level.c. decreases both the fill rate and the cycle service level.d. increases both the fill rate and the cycle service level.e. none of the aboveAnswer: cDifficulty: Hard28. The expected shortage per replenishment cycle is shown asa. ESC = (1 + fr)Q.b. ESC = (1 –fr)Q.c. ESC = (1 + fr)/Q.d. ESC = (1 –fr)/Q.e. none of the aboveAnswer: bDifficulty: Hard29. The required safety inventorya. grows rapidly with a decrease in the desired product a vailability.b. grows rapidly with an increase in the desired product availability.c. decreases with an increase in the desired product a vailability.d. remains stable with an increase in the desired product availability.e. none of the aboveAnswer: bDifficulty: Moderate30. The required safety inventorya. increases with an increase in the lead time and the standard deviation ofperiodic demand.b. decreases with an increase in the lead time and the standard deviation ofperiodic demand.c. remains stable with an increase in the lead time and the standarddeviation of periodic demand.d. increases with a decrease in the lead time and the standard deviation ofperiodic demand.e. none of the aboveAnswer: dDifficulty: Moderate31. A goal of any supply chain manager is toa. increase the level of safety inventory required in a way that does notadversely affect product availability.b. increase the level of safety inventory required regardless of the effect onproduct availability.c. reduce the level of safety inventory required regardless of the effect onproduct availability.d. reduce the level of safety inventory required in a way that does notadversely affect product availability.e. none of the aboveAnswer: dDifficulty: Moderate32. Which of the following is not an approach to reduce the level of safety inventoryrequired in a way that does not adversely affect product availability?a. Reduce the supplier lead time.b. Reduce the underlying uncertainty of demand.c. Reduce the cost of material coming from suppliers.d. All of the above are approaches.e. None of the above are approaches.Answer: cDifficulty: Hard33. Often, safety inventory calculations in practicea. do not include any measure of supply uncertainty, resulting in levels thatmay be higher than required.b. do not include any measure of supply uncertainty, resulting in levels thatmay be lower than required.c. include measures of supply uncertainty, resulting in levels that may behigher than required.d. include any measures of supply uncertainty, resulting in levels that maybe lower than required.e. None of the above are accurate.Answer: bDifficulty: Hard34. Aggregation reduces the standard deviation of demanda. only if demand across the regions being aggregated is perfectly positivelycorrelated.b. only if demand across the regions being aggregated is not p erfectlypositively correlated.c. even if demand across the regions being aggregated is not p erfectlypositively correlated.d. whenever demand across the regions being aggregated is not perfectlypositively correlated.e. All of the above are accurate.Answer: bDifficulty: Hard35. If the number of independent stocking locations decreases by a factor of n, theaverage safety inventory is expected toa. decrease by a factor of √n.b. decrease by a factor of n.c. increase by a factor of √n.d. increase by a factor of n.e. None of the above are accurate.Answer: aDifficulty: Moderate36. Which of the following is not a major disadvantage of aggregating all inventory inone location?a. Increase in forecast accuracy of customer demand.b. Increase in response time to customer order.c. Increase in transportation cost to customer.d. All of the above are disadvantages.e. All of the above are advantages.Answer: aDifficulty: Easy37. Which of the following is not a method by which a supply chain can extract thebenefits of aggregation without having to physically centralize all inventories inone location?a. information centralizationb. specializationc. product substitutiond. component differentiatione. postponementAnswer: dDifficulty: Moderation38. Which approach to aggregation requires an information system that allowsaccess to current inventory records from each location?a. information centralizationb. specializationc. product substitutiond. component commonalitye. postponementAnswer: aDifficulty: Easy39. Which approach to aggregation would stock the fast-moving items atdecentralized locations close to the customer and slow-moving items at acentralized location?a. information centralizationb. specializationc. product substitutiond. component commonalitye. postponementAnswer: b Difficulty:Moderate40. The use of one product to satisfy demand for a different product isa. information centralization.b. specialization.c. product substitution.d. component commonality.e. postponement.Answer: cDifficulty: Easy41. Which use of common components in a variety of products has been a veryeffective supply chain strategy to exploit aggregation and reduce componentinventories?a. information centralizationb. specializationc. product substitutiond. component commonalitye. postponementAnswer: aDifficulty: Easy42. The ability of a supply chain to delay product differentiation or customization u ntilcloser to the time the product is sold isa. information centralization.b. specialization.c. product substitution.d. component commonality.e. postponement.Answer: e Difficulty:Moderate43. Which approach to aggregation has the goal of moving product differentiation asclose to the pull phase of the supply chain as possible?a. information centralizationb. specializationc. product substitutiond. component commonalitye. postponementAnswer: e Difficulty:Moderate44. Periodic review policies for inventory replenishment require safety inventory tocover demand duringa. lead time only.b. the review interval only.c. both lead time and the review interval.d. neither lead time or the review interval.e. lead time when it exceeds the review interval.Answer: cDifficulty: Moderate45. Continuous review policies for inventory replenishment require safety inventory tocover demand duringa. lead time only.b. the review interval only.c. both lead time and the review interval.d. neither lead time or the review interval.e. lead time when it exceeds the review interval.Answer: aDifficulty: Moderate46. Periodic review policies requirea. more safety inventory than continuous review policies for the same levelof product availability.b. less safety inventory than continuous review policies for the same level ofproduct availability.c. the same safety inventory as continuous review policies for the samelevel of product availability.d. no more safety inventory than continuous review policies for the samelevel of product availability.e. none of the aboveAnswer: aDifficulty: Moderate47. All inventory between a given stage in the supply chain and the final customer iscalled thea. cycle inventory.b. demand inventory.c. echelon inventory.d. safety inventory.e. none of the aboveAnswer: cDifficulty: Hard48. A distributor should decide his safety inventory levels based ona. the level of safety inventory carried by all retailers supplied by him.b. the level of safety inventory carried by other distributors.c. the level of safety inventory carried by manufacturers supplying him.d. the level of cycle inventory carried by all retailers supplied by him.e. the level of cycle inventory carried by other distributors.Answer: aDifficulty: Hard49. As retailers decrease the level of safety inventory they carry, the distributor willhave toa. decrease his or her safety inventory.b. increase his or her safety inventory.c. keep his or her safety inventory at the same level.d. increase his or her cycle inventory.e. decrease his or her cycle inventory.Answer: bDifficulty: HardEssay/Problems1. Discuss the role of safety inventory in the supply chain and the trade-offsinvolved.Answer: The primary role of safety inventory is providing product availability forcustomers when demand and supply are uncertain. The trade-off that a supplychain manager must consider when planning safety inventory involve productavailability and inventory holding costs. On one hand, raising the level of safetyinventory increases product availability and thus the margin captured fromcustomer purchases. On the other hand, raising the level of safety inventoryincreases inventory holding costs. This issue is particularly significant inindustries where product life cycles are short and demand is very volatile.Carrying excessive inventory can help counter demand volatility but can reallyhurt if new products come on the market and demand for the product in inventory dries up. The inventory on hand then becomes worthless.In today’s business environment, firms experience great pressure to improveproduct availability while increasing product variety through customization. As aresult, markets have become increasingly heterogeneous and demand forindividual products is very unstable and difficult to forecast. Both the increasedvariety and the increased pressure for availability push firms to increase the level of safety inventory they hold.At the same time, product life cycles have shrunk. This increases the risk to firms of carrying too much inventory. Thus, a key to the success of any supply chain is to figure out ways to decrease the level of safety inventory carried without hurting the level of product availability.Difficulty: Hard2. Discuss the various measures of product availability.Answer: Product availability reflects a firm’s ability to fill a customer order out ofavailable inventory. A stockout results if a customer order arrives when product is not available. There are several ways to measure product availability. Allavailability measures are defined on average over a given time frame, which can range from hours to a year.Product fill rate (fr) is the fraction of product demand that is satisfied from product in inventory. It is equivalent to the probability that product demand is suppliedfrom available inventory.Order fill rate is the fraction of orders that are filled from available inventory. In a multi-product scenario, an order is filled from inventory only if all products in theorder can be supplied from the available inventory. Order fill rates tend to belower than product fill rates because all products must be in stock for an order to be filled.Cycle service level (CSL) is the fraction of replenishment cycles that end with all the customer demand being met. A replenishment cycle is the interval betweentwo successive replenishment deliveries. The CSL is equal to the probability ofnot having a stockout in a replenishment cycle. Observe that a CSL of 60 percent will typically result in a much higher fill rate.The distinction between product fill rate and order fill rate is not significant in asingle product situation. When a firm is selling multiple products, however, thisdifference may be significant. For example, if most orders include 10 or moredifferent products that are to be shipped, an out-of-stock situation of one product results in the order not being filled from stock. The firm in this case may have apoor order fill rate even though it has good product fill rates. Tracking order fillrates is important when customers place a high value on the entire order beingfilled simultaneously.Difficulty: Moderate3. Describe the two types of ordering policies and the impact each has on safetyinventory.Answer: A replenishment policy consists of decisions regarding when to reorderand how much to reorder. These decisions determine the cycle and safetyinventories along with the fr and the CSL. There are several forms thatreplenishment policies may take. We restrict attention to two instances:1. Continuous review: Inventory is continuously tracked and an order for a lotsize Q is placed when the inventory declines to the reorder point (ROP). The time between orders may fluctuate given variable demand. When using a continuousreview policy, a manager has to account only for the uncertainty of demandduring the lead time (L).2. Periodic review: Inventory status is checked at regular periodic intervals andan order is placed to raise the inventory level to a specified threshold. In thiscase, the time between orders is fixed. The size of each order, however, can。

《供应链与物流管理》练习题-带答案

《供应链与物流管理》练习题年级专业：_ 姓名：__ __学号：_一、名词1、供应物流：供应物流是从买方角度考虑的物流，具体指生产企业、流通企业或消费者采购时，购入原材料、零部件或商品，有生产地向消费地流动过程所产生的物流。

P122、供应链：供应链是指从供应商到厂商一直到最终用户所形成的一个链条。

P373、数码仓库：数码仓库是指利用现代信息技术、网络技术以及计算机技术等对商品进行存储与管理的仓库。

P814、大陆桥：是以大陆为桥进行运输，它是国际联运中必然形成的一种复合运输形式。

包括西伯利亚大陆桥、美洲大陆桥和小陆桥运输三条线路。

P1755、第三方物流模式：第三方是指为交易双方提供不封或者全部物流服务的一方，第三方物流模式就是指交易双方把自己需要完成的物流业务委托给第三方来完成的物流运作模式。

P194二、填空题1、物流时间价值具体体现在：缩短时间、弥补时间差。

P52、现代物流管理的原则有：标准化原则、服务原则、信息化原则、现代化原则。

P25-263、供应链管理协调机制包括战略计划的协调机制、营运计划的协调机制、环境的协调机制三方面内容。

P524、按照库存目的来划分，库存包括周转库存、安全库存、季节性储备三种。

P855、配送的主要目标包括快速响应、最低库存、整合运输三方面.。

P1156、物流中心按照功能划分，包括集货中心、配送中心、集配中心。

P1367、MRP的输入系统有主生产计划MPS、物料清单BOM、库存状态记录ISR三个部分构成。

P272三、多选题1、现代物流的组织模式主要有（A B C）P29A. 集权型的集中管理组织模式B. 分权型的分散管理组织模式C. 集权与分权相结合的管理组织模式D. 物流子公司结构形式2、反应性供应链适用于（A B C D E）的情形。

P48A. 需求预测查B、错误率较高C、产品周期短D、新产品引进频繁E、产品多样性强3、供应链管理的运行机制包括（A B C D E ）P49-56A、协调机制B、信任机制C、信息共享机制D、激励机制E、利益关系机制4、国际物流的特点主要有（A B C D ）A. 国际性B、复杂性C、风险性D、运输方式以海运为主5、JIT的实行条件包括（A B C D ）A、畅顺的供销体系B、顾客的需求信息C、完善的物流体系D、优秀人力资源四、判断题1. 物流冰山理论指现行的财务会计制度和核算方法不能掌握物流费用的实际情况，有许多物流费用并没有准确统计。

(完整版)供应链与物流管理考试题

、单项选择2、下面所列的成本中不属于采购成本的是（ D ）A ．设备价格B ．零配件的采购和存货C.随主订单采购的零件费用 D •试运行费用6、以下关于精细供应链的说法正确的是（D）A 推动式的B 供给创造需求C 较好的克服了牛鞭效应D 需求拉动供给8、以下哪个不属于供应链范畴（C）A、SRMB、ERPC、PQCD、CRM9、以下不属于供应链上的逆向流的是（C）A 资金流B 信息流C 物流D 需求流11、物流被称为（C）A 第一利润源B 第二利润源C 第三利润源D 第四利润源14、以下不属于物流构成要素的是（D）A 承载物B 载体C 流向D 人15、以下关于物流说法正确的是（B）A 全社会物流费用支出占GDP 的比例越高，物流越发达B 全社会物流费用支出占GDP 的比例越低，物流越发达C 物流俗称6RD 物流的重点是载体。

16、以下不是供应链采购所具有的特点的为（D）A 基于需求的采购B 主动的供应商采购C 协同采购D 基于库存的采购17、以下说法正确的是（A）A 供应商越早参与，产品设计灵活性越高B 供应商越早参与，更改设计的成本越高C 供应商越晚参与，更改设计的成本越低D 供应商越晚参与，产品设计灵活性越高18、关于采购物流管理，以下说法错误的是（A）A 采购物流管理是对采购的购买活动进行的控制和管理B 采购物流管理要保证物料供应C 采购物流管理的终极目标是实现零库存D 采购物流管理应保证采购在低成本、高可靠性的限制下进行。

19、生产物流发展的各阶段中，哪一阶段解决了企业生产过程外包导致的企业无法包揽生产经营环节所有物流业务的问题（D ）A 第一阶段B 第二阶段C 第三阶段D 第四阶段20、关于生产周期，下列说法正确的是（A ）A 指产品从开始投产至产出的全部时间B 生产周期的长短取决于设备及工艺等技术物质条件C 生产周期指单件产品的生产时间D 生产设备不变，则生产周期不变。

21、生产物流控制说法正确的是（C）A 反馈控制的稳定性和实时性较好B 前馈控制的效果较好C 实际生产中反馈控制和前馈控制通常结合使用D 反馈控制稳定性较差22、下列关于销售包装说法正确的是（B ）A 销售包装又叫外包装B 向消费者展示货物的基本信息及运输和使用的相关说明C 保护商品便于运输D 不会引起效益背反23、关于销售渠道说法错误的是（C）A 直接渠道：生产企业与客户之间直接进行销售活动B 间接渠道：生产企业与客户之间通过中间商实现销售活动。

物流与供应链管理试题与答案

物流与供应链管理试题与答案【正文】一、选择题1. 物流是指在什么条件下，对业务进行处理？A. 供应链B. 时间与地点C. 仓储D. 交通与运输答案：B2. 下面哪项不是供应链管理的目标？A. 降低成本B. 增加库存C. 提高客户满意度D. 缩短交货时间答案：B3. 选择下面哪个不属于供应链成本的组成部分？A. 运输成本B. 仓储成本C. 人工成本D. 设备成本答案：C4. 下面哪个不是供应链创新的技术应用？A. 云计算B. 物联网C. 人工智能D. 传真机答案：D5. 供应链管理的目标是什么？A. 实现供需平衡B. 实现仓储自动化C. 实现交通高效率D. 实现物流信息化答案：A二、问答题1. 请简述物流与供应链管理的区别。

物流主要关注的是商品的运输、仓储与配送等环节，强调的是对流动物品进行有效管理的过程。

而供应链管理则是以整个供应链为视角，通过优化各个环节之间的协调与合作，实现供应链的高效运作。

物流是供应链管理的一个重要组成部分，但供应链管理更加注重整体性与协同性。

2. 请列举一些提高供应链响应速度的方法。

- 优化供应链信息系统，实现实时监控与数据共享；- 建立紧密的合作关系，与供应商、分销商等各方进行频繁沟通与协商；- 采用合理的库存管理策略，避免库存积压或库存不足的问题；- 引入先进的物流技术，如物联网、人工智能等，提高物流效率；- 预测市场需求，并及时调整生产计划，以减少交货时间。

3. 请简单概述物联网在供应链管理中的应用。

物联网技术可以实现物流信息的实时监控与数据收集，为供应链管理提供了更全面、准确的信息基础。

物联网设备可以与仓储、运输等环节中的设备相连接，实现设备的自动化操作与数据传输。

通过物联网，供应链管理者可以实时追踪货物的位置、温度、湿度等信息，提前做出调整，提高供应链的灵活性与反应速度。

4. 请简述供应链的可持续发展概念。

供应链的可持续发展是指在满足当前需求的同时，能够保护环境、提升社会责任，实现经济和社会效益的协同增长。

物流与供应链管理试题及答案

物流与供应链管理试题及答案一、选择题1. 物流管理的目标是：A. 提高生产效率B. 降低运输成本C. 改进客户服务D. 所有选项都是答案：D. 所有选项都是2. 供应链管理的核心是：A. 以客户需求为中心B. 优化供应链各个环节C. 降低库存成本D. 加强与供应商的合作答案：A. 以客户需求为中心3. 以下哪种情况属于供应链中的瓶颈环节？A. 采购环节B. 生产环节C. 销售环节D. 运输环节答案：B. 生产环节4. 以下哪个环节不属于供应链管理的范围？A. 采购管理B. 仓储管理C. 生产管理D. 人力资源管理答案：D. 人力资源管理5. 下列哪项不是物流运输方式的分类？A. 公路运输B. 铁路运输C. 空运输D. 电子运输答案：D. 电子运输二、简答题1. 解释物流管理与供应链管理之间的关系。

答：物流管理是供应链管理的重要组成部分。

物流管理侧重于管理货物的流动与仓储，包括采购、运输、仓储和配送等环节；供应链管理则更广泛，包括物流管理在内，还涵盖了供应商、制造商、分销商和零售商等各个环节之间的协调与合作。

物流管理通过优化货物的流动和仓储，提高生产效率、降低运输成本和改进客户服务，为供应链管理提供了基础和支持。

2. 请简述供应链管理的优势及其在企业中的作用。

答：供应链管理的优势包括：提高客户满意度、降低成本、加快产品上市时间、提高市场反应速度、降低库存水平、加强与供应商的合作关系。

在企业中，供应链管理可以帮助企业更好地了解客户需求，并以客户需求为导向进行生产和物流，提高客户满意度；通过供应链的优化，可以降低企业的运营成本和库存成本，提高企业的盈利能力；同时，供应链管理可以加快产品的上市时间，提高企业的市场反应速度，帮助企业在市场竞争中占据优势地位。

三、应用题某企业从供应商处采购原材料，并通过物流运输将原材料送至生产车间，最后将成品分销给客户。

假设该企业的供应链中存在以下问题，请分析并提出解决方案。

（完整版）物流与供应链管理考试题

（完整版）物流与供应链管理考试题1.现代物流管理的目的是什么？现代物流管理以企业整体最优为目的2.何谓物流的系统价值？物流并非是多个功能、环节的简单叠加，而是各个功能、环节相互联系、整体运作的综合体3.物流有哪几个机能？（输送，保管理，流通加工，包装，装卸，信息4.根据美国学者巴罗的划分，企业物流作业活动分为关键性活动和支持性活动，其分别包括哪些内容？关键性活动包括：客户服务标准，运输，库存管理，信息流动和订单处理，支持性活动包括：仓储，物料搬运，采购，保护性包装，与生产或动作部门合作，信息维护。

5.销售与动作规划（S&OP）工作包括哪些内容？新产品计划、需求计划、供给计划、财务计划6.拉式经营体制强调的重点？所谓拉式经营体制强调的是拉式，即将销售时点的信息同步地传输给商品策划、设计、生产以及在库地点，其形式表现为商品的生产、在库数量以及商品的具体事项等都是按照顾客的需求来决定的。

7.拉式经营体制的5R原则和“四流”各自是什么？5R原则：正确的价格，正确的商品，正确的操作成本，正确的时间，正确的地点四流是：商流，物流，信息流和资金流8.为什么要实施供应链运营整合？答：（1）实现高效益的客户服务（2）增强供需的平衡，减少波动。

（3）降低库存（4）使企业实现系统质量保证（5）使企业实现系统总成本最低。

其内容是指：由供应商、投入、流程、产出、客户所组成的大系统9.全面质量管理的关键是SIPOC,其内容是指什么？由供应商、投入、流程、产出、客户所组成的大系统10.什么是S&OP？其效用与实现要素有哪些？答：s＆op是一种业务管理流程；强调供应链的内部信息的分享；旨在通过加强供应链内部的合作，来实现产需平衡的目标11.什么是物流价值中的成本价值？12.第四方物流全程负责管理的典型链动作失误而产生的责任，一定是由第四方承担而不管实际的差错是哪个具体的参与方或企业造成的，这是第四方物流全程负责管理的典型特征。

物流与供应链管理复习题答案(新)

《物流与供应链管理》复习试卷新一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1、物流概念最早出现在（B ）A、英国B、美国C、法国D、德国2、物流概念最早出现在（ A ）P5A、军事B、后勤C、企业管理D、生产环节3、（ A ）阶段的目的是以最低的成本确保把产品有效地送达顾客。

P3A、产品物流阶段B、综合物流阶段C、供应链管理阶段D、现代物流阶段4、（ A ）是指以制造、生产和组装来增加产品的价值。

P10A、形态效用B、地点效用C、时间效用D、占用效用5、下列（ D ）不是包装在物流系统中所起的作用P213A、保护商品B、单元化C、方便流通及消费D、提高价格6、按包装在流通中的作用划分，包装可以分为（ A ）P227A、商业包装与运输包装B、专用包装与通用包装C、硬包装与软包装D、一次性包装与多次周转性包装7、从物流角度分析，软饮料的包装容器不宜采用(A)A、玻璃瓶B、铝合金罐C、复合纸盒D、塑料瓶8、按包装的通用性划分，包装可以分为（ B ）P227A、商业包装与运输包装B、专用包装与通用包装C、硬包装与软包装D、一次性包装与多次周转性包装9、（ C ）不是物流信息的质量要求。

P247A、信息的可用性B、信息的准确性C、信息的及时性D、交流方法的有效性10、产品物流系统的计划中（ D ）是“防御性”计划。

P303A、战略计划B、战术计划C、运作计划D、应急计划11、物流组织的构造有三个战略阶段，（ C ）强调把物流活动作为增值链来管理。

P327A、以过程为基础B、以市场为基础C、以渠道为基础D、以顾客为基础12、（ D ）指企业进行决策时应当充分考虑的各种形式的未来成本。

P364A、实际成本B、机会成本C、相关成本D、沉没成本13、（ A ）管理的目标是与有着相同市场的企业在产品、服务和工作流程等方面的绩效与实践进行比较。

P402A、竞争性标杆B、功能性标杆C、内部标杆D、一般性标杆二、填空题（每空1分，共24分）1、物流价值的发现分为三个阶段，它们是产品物流阶段、综合物流阶段、供应链管理阶段。

物流与供应链管理平时作业11

第一次：1、什么是物流系统？物流系统是指由两个或两个以上的物流功能单元构成，以完成物流服务为目的的有机集合体。

作为物流系统的“输入”就是采购、运输、储存、流通加工、装卸、搬运、包装、销售、物流信息处理等环节的劳务、设备、材料、资源等，由外部环境向系统提供的过程。

所谓物流系统是指在一定的时间和空间里，由所需输送的物料和包括有关设备、输送工具、仓储设备、人员以及通信联系等若干相互制约的动态要素构成的具有特定功能的有机整体。

2、物流系统的功能有哪些？物流系统需求决定了物流系统基本功能设置；虽然现代物流系统越来越复杂，但是一些物流系统的基本功能还是固定的；一般来说现代物流系统的基本功能包括包装、装卸搬运、运输、储存保管、流通加工、物流配送。

物流系统基本功能第一项是包装功能，包装功能是为了维持产品状态、方便储运、促进销售，采用适当的材料、容器等，使用一定的技术方法，对物品包封并予以适当的装潢和标志的操作活动。

包装在物流系统中具有十分重要的作用。

包装是生产的终点，同时又是物流的起点，它在很大程度上制约物流系统的运行状况。

对产品按一定数量、形状、重量、尺寸大小配套进行包装。

并且按产品的性质采用适当的材料和容器，不仅制约着装卸搬运、堆码存放、计量清点是否方便高效，而且关系着运动工具和仓库的利用效率。

物流系统基本功能第二项是装卸搬运功能，装卸搬运功能是指在同一地域范围进行的，以改变物品的存放状态和空间位置为主要内容和目的的活动。

装卸搬运功能是整个物流活动不可缺少的组成部分，它作为各个环节的结合部，是物流运行的纽带。

装卸搬运是物流过程中的一个重要环节，它制约着物流过程其他各项活动，是提高物流速度的关键。

由于装卸搬运是伴随着物流过程其他环节的一项活动，因而往往引不起人们的足够重视。

可是，一旦忽视了装卸搬运，生产和流通领域轻则发生混乱，重则造成停顿。

由此可见，改善装卸搬运作业，提高装卸搬运合理化程度，提高物流服务质量，发挥物流系统整体功能等等，都具有重要的意义和起着十分明显的作用。

1-11章汇编测试题目(汇编网)

第1章汇编测试题目（后附答案）1、1个CPU读取1024字节的数据至少读取了512次，数据总线的宽度_____。

A、8B、10C、16D、322、在8086的内存空间中下面哪段内存是不可写的_____。

A、0~9FFFFB、A0000~B7FFFC、B8000~BFFFFD、C0000~FFFFF3、下列哪个计算机部件能确定一组二进制数是要执行的指令还是用于操作的数据_____。

A、显示器B、硬盘C、内存D、中央处理器4、关于总线的说法错误的是_____。

A、地址总线的宽度决定了CPU的寻址能力。

B、数据总线的宽度决定了CPU与外界进行数据传送时的一次数据传送量。

C、控制总线的宽度决定了CPU对系统中其它器件的控制能力。

D、总线就是负责CPU内部信息传送的一系列导线。

5、1KB的存储器有____个存储单元A、1000B、1024C、512D、2566、1个CPU的寻址能力为32KB，那么它的地址总线宽度为_____。

A、13B、15C、18D、32k7、1KB的存储器可以存储____个bit 。

A、1024B、8192C、1000D、88、1个CPU访问的最大内存地址是1023，地址总线的宽度_____。

A、8B、10C、13D、149、计算机中一个存储单元可以存储多少信息_____。

A、1bitB、1ByteC、1KBD、512B10、下列说法正确的是：____A、在计算机中，存储器分为指令存储器和数据存储器。

B、电子计算机的最小信息单位是Byte。

C、微型存储器的容量是以Byte为最小单位来计算的。

D、在“1KB=1024B”中，“B”代表的是Bit。

11、一个CPU的寻址能力为8KB,那么它的地址总线的宽度为____。

A、8B、10C、12D、1312、下列说法中正确的是____。

A、不同的微处理器有相同的机器指令集。

B、机器语言和汇编语言都需要编译程序来编译成机器指令。

C、每一个汇编指令都对应唯一的一个机器指令。

物流管理物流与供应链管理习题与答案

物流管理物流与供应链管理习题与答案文章标题：物流管理物流与供应链管理习题与答案物流管理是与供应链密不可分的，两者既有联系又有差异。

本文将从物流管理和供应链管理两个方向出发，为你介绍一些相关习题及答案，希望对你的学习有所帮助。

一、物流管理的习题与答案物流管理着重于管理与控制物流体系的各个环节，包括物流规划、物流运输、仓库管理、物流信息化等。

下面是一些物流管理的习题及答案：1. 仓库管理中，安全库存的作用是什么？答案：安全库存是指为了应对突发的需求变化、供货延期等风险，而保留的一定数量的库存。

它起到了保障生产和销售的正常进行的作用。

2. 为什么物流成本管理需要考虑整个供应链？答案：物流成本主要由运输成本、库存成本和订单成本组成，这些成本都与整个供应链的管理紧密相关。

只有全面考虑整个供应链的物流工作，提高供应链的效率和协同作用，才能实现物流成本的控制和降低。

3. 物流信息系统有哪些功能？答案：物流信息系统主要包括订单管理、仓储管理、运输管理、结算管理等功能。

它们通过信息化手段，实现了物流管理的自动化、规范化和科学化。

二、供应链管理的习题与答案供应链管理是从整体上策划、组织、实施和控制物流活动，以最小化总体成本、最大化客户价值和实现企业战略目标。

下面是一些供应链管理的习题及答案：1. 供应链风险管理的方法有哪些？答案：供应链风险管理主要包括风险评估、风险避免、风险转移、风险承担、风险管理和事故应对等。

一个综合的供应链风险管理计划应该覆盖以上多个层面。

2. 为什么供应链绩效评估需要兼顾成本、质量和时间的因素？答案：任何一个需要绩效评估的工作，都需要兼顾多个因素。

物流供应链绩效同样如此，成本、质量和时间是供应链管理者最应重视和兼顾的几个维度。

只有从多维度进行综合评估，才能真正对供应链绩效水平有一个全面、准确的评价。

3. 供应链整合的好处是什么？答案：供应链整合是指将供应链中的各个环节整合起来，实现信息流、物流和资金流的高效协同。

供应链与企业物流管理考试题库附答案(最新版)

供应链与企业物流管理考试题库附答案（最新版）一、单选题1.在为企业产品寻找有效的供应链之前，必须先确定市场需要的（）、企业供应链的类型以及企业的业务层战略，并使他们相匹配和相适应，从而实现企业产品和供应链的有效组合。

（）。

A、产品的类型B、分析供应链构成C、分析企业现状D、提出供应链设计参考答案：A2.商流是货物所有权的转移过程，是在供货商与消费者之间进行的()流动。

A、双向B、价值C、单向D、信息参考答案：A3.（）是生产及流通过程中，为了将产品或服务交付给最终用户，由上游与下游企业共同建立的网链状组织。

A、供应链B、合作伙伴C、联盟组织D、供应链管理参考答案：A4.供应链的协调控制模式除了中心化协调、非中心化协调两种方式外,还有（）。

A、集中式B、混合式C、分散式D、统一式参考答案：B5.在供应链管理环境下，生产计划的制定过程中主要面临的问题是：生产进度、生产能力和（）。

A、生产负荷B、柔性约束C、生产计划D、生产节奏参考答案：B6.对于长期合作需求而言，合作伙伴应选择（）。

A、有影响力的合作伙伴B、战略性合作伙伴C、普通合作伙伴D、竞争性／技术性合作伙伴参考答案：B7.VMI与传统的EDI订货之间的最大区别是（）。

A、VMI订货数量由零售商确定B、VMI模式下供应商确定合适补充库存以及补充数量C、被动的等待零售商发出的订单D、传统的EDI订货数量有供应商确定参考答案：B8.在市场变化加剧情况下，若供应链成本增加，库存增加、浪费增加时，企业不能在最优状态下运作，此时的供应链是：（）。

A、稳定供应链B、反应供应链C、平衡供应链D、倾斜供应链参考答案：D9.供应链管理的英文简写为：（）。

A、SSTB、SCC、SCMD、CIMS参考答案：C10.当企业订购的产品数量大、竞争激烈时，合作伙伴选择最适宜的方法是（）。

A、直观判断法B、招标法C、协商选择法D、采购成本比较法参考答案：B11.“需求变异加速放大原理”是美国著名的供应链管理专家Hau L.Lee教授对需求信息扭曲在供应链中传递的一种形象描述。

物流与供应链管理考试试题及答案

物流与供应链管理考试试题及答案一、选择题1. 以下哪个属于物流的定义？A. 商品运输的过程B. 供应链管理的一部分C. 物品从供应商到客户的流动与储存的整体过程D. 企业内部货物配送的过程答案：C2. 以下哪个属于供应链管理的目标？A. 降低运输成本B. 提高库存周转率C. 加快订单处理速度D. 提高客户满意度答案：D3. 下面关于物流信息系统的说法，哪个是正确的？A. 物流信息系统只包括电子商务平台B. 物流信息系统主要用于跟踪货物的位置C. 物流信息系统可以用于集中管理供应链数据和信息D. 物流信息系统只适用于大型企业答案：C二、填空题1. 请简要解释物流与供应链管理的关系。

答案：物流是供应链管理的一部分，物流管理是供应链管理的重要环节。

供应链管理更关注整个供应链的有效运作和协调，而物流管理着重于物质流动和仓储环节的优化。

2. 请列举物流管理中的三个关键要素。

答案：货物流动（包括运输和配送）、仓储管理、信息流管理。

三、简答题1. 请简要介绍供应链管理的优势。

答案：供应链管理可以帮助企业优化资源配置，提高整体运作效率和效益。

通过合理规划和协调供应链中的各个环节，可以降低成本、提高运输效率、减少库存量、提高客户满意度等。

2. 请列举供应链管理中的三个挑战，并提出应对策略。

答案：挑战一：供需不平衡。

应对策略：建立准确的需求预测机制，与供应商进行紧密协调，及时调整生产计划和物流安排。

挑战二：信息流不畅。

应对策略：建立高效的物流信息系统，加强供应链信息的共享与沟通，提高信息传递的准确性和及时性。

挑战三：风险管理。

应对策略：建立风险评估机制，储备备用供应商和备用物流渠道，制定风险应对预案，提高供应链的抗风险能力。

四、论述题请论述物流与供应链管理对企业竞争力的重要性。

答案：物流与供应链管理对企业竞争力至关重要。

通过优化物流过程和供应链管理，企业可以实现成本的降低和效率的提高，提高资源和成本的利用率，从而提高企业的盈利水平和市场竞争力。