chapter4+练习1

《逻辑与计算机设计基础》(原书第五版)课后习题答案-chapter04_solutions-5th

4-6.
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香港朗文2A。Chapter 4测试卷

香港朗文2A。

Chapter 4测试卷2014-2015学年第一学期二年级英语Chapter4质量检测卷总分：100分时量：40分钟计分：_______听力部分（50分）一、听录音三次，选择句子中含有的单词并把其字母编号写在括号内。

（10分）1.A。

XXX2.A。

My brother is a pupil。

B。

My sister is a nurse.3.A。

My Maths teacher is Miss Lee。

B。

My Chinese teacher is Miss Lee.4.A。

Yes。

I do。

B。

Yes。

I am.5.A。

Mr Wu is my class teacher。

B。

Mr Mak is my friend.二、听录音三次，选出你听到的句子，并把其字母编号写在括号内。

（10分）1.A。

She is a XXX.2.A。

I come to school on foot。

B。

I come to school by car.3.A。

My father is a driver。

B。

My mother is a housewife.4.A。

Who’s your English teacher。

B。

Who’s your music teacher?5.A。

She is helpful。

B。

The girl is XXX.三、听录音三次，把你听到的句子的大写字母编号写在相应图下的括号内。

（10分）年级 ( )1.( )2.( )3.( )4.( )5.四、听问句三次，选择最佳答语，并把其字母编号写在括号内。

（10分）1.A。

I come to school by car。

B。

I go home by bus.五、听录音三次，填写句子所缺的单词。

（10分）1.My job is a policeman。

which I find to be quite friendly.2.Mr。

Tang is an XXX。

现代移动通信蔡跃明第三版思考题与习题参考答案chapter_4

I (+1* +1)(+—1)第四章思考题与习题1. 移动通信对调制技术的要求有哪些？在移动通信中，由于信号传播的条件恶劣和快衰落的影响，接收信号的幅度会发生急剧的变化。

因此，在移动通信中必须采用一些抗干扰性能强、误码性能好、频谱利用率高的调制技术，尽可能地提高单位频带内传输数据的比特速率以适用于移动通信的要求。

具体要求：① 抗干扰性能要强，如采用恒包络角调制方式以抗严重的多径衰落影响；② 要尽可能地提高频谱利用率；③ 占用频带要窄，带外辐射要小；④ 在占用频带宽的情况下，单位频谱所容纳的用户数要尽可能多；⑤ 同频复用的距离小；⑥ 具有良好的误码性能；⑦ 能提供较高的传输速率，使用方便，成本低。

2. 已调信号的带宽是如何定义的？信号带宽的定义通常都是基于信号功率谱密度 (PSD)的某种度量，对于已调(带通)信号，它的功率谱密度与基带信号的功率谱密度有关。

假设一个基带信号：s(t) =Re{g(t)exp(j2二仁切其中的g(t)是基带信号，设g(t)的功率谱密度为P g (f)，则带通信号的功率谱密度如下：P s (f )二1 P g (f - f c ) P g (-f - f c )l 4信号的绝对带宽定义为信号的非零值功率谱在频率上占据的范围；最为简单和广泛使用的带宽度量是零点-零点带宽；半功率带宽定义为功率谱密度下降到一半时或者比峰值低 3dB 时的频率范围；联邦通信委员会 (FCC)采纳的定义为占用频带内有信号功率的99%。

3. QPS K 、OQPSK 的星座图和相位转移图有何差异？如图所示QPSK相位星座图OPSK相位星座图QPSK信号的相位有90°突变和180°突变。

OQPSK信号的相位只有90°跳变，而没有180°的相位跳变。

4. QPSK和OQPSK的最大相位变化量分别为多少？各自有哪些优缺点？OPSK的最大相位变化量为1800, OPSK最大相位变化量为900。

牛津深圳版 7b chapter 4 Reading I

open
wave
shout
He opened the window, waved and shouted.
Do exercise E on page 47
Fire rules 1.Make sure you know the _________ of the fire ______ location exit nearest your room. 2.If there is a fire outside your room: Feel hot 2.1 _______ the door of your room. If it is _______, do not open it. Put ______ ________ along the wet towels bottom ________ of the door to keep the smoke out. 2.2 ________ the reception desk and give your room Phone number. 2.3 _______ on the floor. The air is freshest there and Lie wait ________. 2.4 When you ______ the fire engine outside, _______ hear open your window, _______ and ________. wave shout 2.5 Just follow the _________instructions. Do not argue. firemen’s
B Look and think Before you read the article on the next page, look at the title, the pictures and the first and last paragraphs. Then try to complete the sentences with one or more words. 1 The name of the blind man is probably ___________. John F. Dancer/J.F. Dancer 2 Charlie is probably a ______. dog the dog 3 The eyes in the title probably belong to ________. fire 4 The story is probably about a ______ at a hotel.

Chapter04_Exercises

C. 识别、控制和跟踪需求的变化
D. 以上选项都不是
11. （
）需求工程师的任务是将所有利益相关者的信息进行分类以便允许决策者选择一
个相互一致的需求集。
A. 真
B. 假
12. 下面的（
）不是在项目启动阶段被提出的“与环境无关”的问题。
A. 成功的解决方案将带来什么样的经济收益？
B. 谁反对该项目？
C. 谁将为该项目付款？
2. 请指出下面需求描述存在的问题，并进行适当的修改。
（1）系统用户界面友好。（2）系统运行时应该占用尽量少的内存空间。（3）即使在系统崩溃的情况下，用户数据也不能受到破坏。（4） ATM 系统允许用户查询自己银行帐户的现存余额。（5） ATM 系统应该快速响应用户的请求。（6） ATM 系统需要检验用户存取的合法性。（7）所有命令的响应时间小于 1 秒；BUILD 命令的响应时间小于 5 秒。（8）软件应该用 JAVA 语言实现。答案要点：（1）问题：“友好”是不可验证的。
B. 每个指定系统的实现
C. 软件体系结构的元素
D. 系统仿真所需要的时间
9. 组织需求评审的最好方法是（
）。
A. 检查系统模型的错误
B. 让客户检查需求
C. 将需求发放给设计团队去征求意见
D. 使用问题列表检查每一个需求
10. 使用跟踪表有助于（
）。
A. 在后续的检查运行错误时调试程序
B. 确定算法执行的性能
（2）需求分析：分析和综合所采集的信息，建立系统的详细逻辑模型。（3）需求规格说明：编写软件需求规格说明书，明确、完整和准确地描述已确定的需求。（4）需求验证：评审软件需求规格说明，以保证其正确性、一致性、完备性、准确性和清

Chapter 4-1 海运提单

• Demurrage滞期费
– the amount of money paid as a penalty at an agreed rate by the charterer to compensate the ship-owner for his losses in case the charterer fails to have loading and unloading completed within the lay time
• Dispatch 速遣费
– the amount of money paid as a bonus by the ship-owner to the charterer if they get loading and unloading done ahead of schedule. – normally dispatch money = ½ the demurrage
Illustration
• Suppose
– – – – – – Exporting 100 cases Volume 30x60x50cm Gross weight 40kg, grade 9 Freight basis W/M Basic freight rate HKD109 Bunker surcharge 20%, Currency Surcharge 10%
1.2 Air Transportation
• Four main types of air transportation
– Scheduled Airlines 班机 – Chartered Carriers 包机 – Consolidated Consignment 集中托运 – Air Express 航空急件运输

管理会计(英文版)课后习题答案(高等教育出版社)chapter 4

管理会计（高等教育出版社）于增彪（清华大学）改编余绪缨（厦门大学）审校CHAPTER 4ACTIVITY-BASED COSTINGQUESTIONS FOR WRITING AND DISCUSSION1.Unit costs provide essential informationneeded for inventory valuation and prepara-tion of income statements. Knowing unit costs is also critical for many decisions such as bidding decisions and accept-or-reject special order decisions.2.Cost measurement is determining the dollaramounts associated with resources used in production. Cost assignment is associating the dollar amounts, once measured, with units produced.3.An actual overhead rate is rarely used be-cause of problems with accuracy and timeli-ness. Waiting until the end of the year to en-sure accuracy is rejected because of the need to have timely information. Timeliness of information based on actual overhead costs runs into difficulty (accuracy problems) because overhead is incurred nonuniformly and because production also may be non-uniform.4.For plantwide rates, overhead is first col-lected in a plantwide pool, using direct trac-ing. Next, an overhead rate is computed and used to assign overhead to products. 5.First stage: Overhead is assigned to produc-tion department pools using direct tracing, driver tracing, and allocation. Second stage: Individual departmental rates are used to assign overhead to products as they pass through the departments.6.Departmental rates would be chosen overplantwide rates whenever some depart-ments are more overhead intensive than others and if certain products spend more time in some departments than they do in others.7.Plantwide overhead rates assign overheadto products in proportion to the amount of the unit-level cost driver used. If the prod-ucts consume some overhead activities in different proportions than those assigned by the unit-level cost driver, then cost dis-tortions can occur (the product diversity factor). These distortions can be significant if the nonunit-level overhead costs represent a significant proportion of total overhead costs.8.Low-volume products may consume non-unit-level overhead activities in much greater proportions than indicated by a unit-levelcost driver and vice versa for high-volumeproducts. If so, then the low-volume prod-ucts will receive too little overhead and thehigh-volume products too much.9.If some products are undercosted and oth-ers are overcosted, a firm can make a num-ber of competitively bad decisions. For ex-ample, the firm might select the wrongproduct mix or submit distorted bids.10.Nonunit-level overhead activities are thoseoverhead activities that are not highly corre-lated with production volume measures. Ex-amples include setups, material handling,and inspection. Nonunit-level cost driversare causal factors—factors that explain theconsumption of nonunit-level overhead. Ex-amples include setup hours, number ofmoves, and hours of inspection.11.Product diversity is present whenever prod-ucts have different consumption ratios fordifferent overhead activities.12.An overhead consumption ratio measuresthe proportion of an overhead activity con-sumed by a product.13.Departmental rates typically use unit-levelcost drivers. If products consume nonunit-level overhead activities in different propor-tions than those of unit-level measures, thenit is possible for departmental rates to moveeven further away from the true consumptionratios, since the departmental unit-level ra-tios usually differ from the one used at theplant level.14.Agree. Prime costs can be assigned usingdirect tracing and so do not cause cost dis-tortions. Overhead costs, however, are notdirectly attributable and can cause distor-tions. For example, using unit-level activitydrivers to trace nonunit-level overhead costswould cause distortions.15.Activity-based product costing is an over-head costing approach that first assignscosts to activities and then to products. Theassignment is made possible through theidentification of activities, their costs, and theuse of cost drivers.16.An activity dictionary is a list of activitiesaccompanied by information that describeseach activity (called attributes)17. A primary activity is consumed by the finalcost objects such as products and custom-ers, whereas secondary activities are con-sumed by other activities (ultimately con-sumed by primary activities).18.Costs are assigned using direct tracing andresource drivers.19.Homogeneous sets of activities are pro-duced by associating activities that have thesame level and that can use the same driverto assign costs to products. Homogeneoussets of activities reduce the number of over-head rates to a reasonable level.20. A homogeneous cost pool is a collection ofoverhead costs that are logically related tothe tasks being performed and for whichcost variations can be explained by a singleactivity driver. Thus, a homogeneous pool ismade up of activities with the same process,the same activity level, and the same driver.21.Unit-level activities are those that occur eachtime a product is produced. Batch-level activi-ties are those that are performed each time abatch of products is produced. Product-levelor sustaining activities are those that areperformed as needed to support the variousproducts produced by a company. Facility-level activities are those that sustain a facto-ry’s general man ufacturing process.22.ABC improves costing accuracy wheneverthere is diversity of cost objects. There arevarious kinds of cost objects, with productsbeing only one type. Thus, ABC can be use-ful for improving cost assignments to costobjects like customers and suppliers. Cus-tomer and supplier diversity can occur for asingle product firm or for a JIT manufactur-ing firm.23.Activity-based customer costing can identifywhat it is costing to service different custom-ers. Once known, a firm can then devise astrategy to increase its profitability by focus-ing more on profitable customers, convertingunprofitable customers to profitable oneswhere possible, and “firing” customers thatcannot be made profitable.24.Activity-based supplier costing traces allsupplier-caused activity costs to suppliers.This new total cost may prove to be lowerthan what is signaled simply by purchaseprice.EXERCISES4–11.Quarter 1 Quarter 2 Q uarter 3 Quarter 4 Total Units produced 400,000 160,000 80,000 560,000 1,200,000 Prime costs $8,000,000 $3,200,000 $1,600,000 $11,200,000 $24,000,000 Overhead costs $3,200,000 $2,400,000 $3,600,000 $2,800,000 $12,000,000 Unit cost:Prime $20 $20 $20 $20 $20Overhead 8 15 45 5 10Total $28 $35 $65 $25 $30 2. Actual costing can produce wide swings in the overhead cost per unit. Thecause appears to be nonuniform incurrence of overhead and nonuniform production (seasonal production is a possibility).3. First, calculate a predetermined rate:OH rate = $11,640,000/1,200,000= $9.70 per unitThis rate is used to assign overhead to the product throughout the year.Since the driver is units produced, $9.70 would be assigned to each unit.Adding this to the actual prime costs produces a unit cost under normal cost-ing:Unit cost = $9.70 + $20.00 = $29.70This cost is close to the actual annual cost of $30.00.1. $13,500,000/3,600,000 = $3.75 per direct labor hour (DLH)2. $3.75 ⨯ 3,456,000 = $12,960,0003. Applied overhead $ 12,960,000A ctual overhead 13,600,000U nderapplied overhead $ 640,0004. Predetermined rates allow the calculation of unit costs and avoid the prob-lems of nonuniform overhead incurrence and nonuniform production asso-ciated with actual overhead rates. Unit cost information is needed throughout the year for a variety of managerial purposes.4–31. Predetermined overhead rate = $4,500,000/600,000 = $7.50 per DLH2. Applied overhead = $7.50 ⨯ 585,000 = $4,387,5003. Applied overhead $ 4,387,500Actual overhead 4,466,250Underapplied overhead $ (78,750)4. Unit cost:Prime costs $ 6,750,000Overhead costs 4,387,500Total $ 11,137,500Units ÷750,000Unit cost $ 14.851. Predetermined overhead rate = $4,500,000/187,500 = $24 per machine hour(MHr)2. Applied overhead = $24 187,875 = $4,509,0003. Applied overhead $ 4,509,000Actual overhead 4,466,250Overapplied overhead $ 42,7504. Unit cost:Prime costs $ 6,750,000Overhead costs 4,509,000Total $ 11,259,000Units ÷750,000Unit cost $ 15.01**Rounded5. Gandars needs to determine what causes its overhead. Is it primarily labordriven (e.g., composed predominantly of fringe benefits, indirect labor, and personnel costs), or is it machine oriented (e.g., composed of depreciation on machinery, utilities, and maintenance)? It is impossible for a decision to be made on the basis of the information given in this exercise.1. Predetermined rates:Drilling Department: Rate = $600,000/280,000 = $2.14* per MHrAssembly Department: Rate = $392,000/200,000= $1.96 per DLH*Rounded2. Applied overhead:Drilling Department: $2.14 ⨯ 288,000 = $616,320Assembly Department: $1.96 ⨯ 196,000 = $384,160Overhead variances:Drilling Assembly Total Actual overhead $602,000 $ 412,000 $ 1,014,000 Applied overhead 616,320 384,160 1,000,480 Overhead variance $ (14,320) over $ 27,840 under $ 13,520 3. Unit overhead cost = [($2.14 ⨯ 4,000) + ($1.96 ⨯ 1,600)]/8,000= $11,696/8,000= $1.46**Rounded1. Activity rates:Machining = $632,000/300,000= $2.11* per MHrInspection = $360,000/12,000= $30 per inspection hour*Rounded2. Unit overhead cost = [($2.11 ⨯ 8,000) + ($30 ⨯ 800)]/8,000= $40,880/8,000= $5.114–71. Yes. Since direct materials and direct labor are directly traceable to eachproduct, their cost assignment should be accurate.2. Elegant: (1.75 ⨯ $9,000)/3,000 = $5.25 per briefcaseFina: (1.75 ⨯ $3,000)/3,000 = $1.75 per briefcaseNote: Overhead rate = $21,000/$12,000 = $1.75 per direct labor dollar (or 175 percent of direct labor cost).There are more machine and setup costs assigned to Elegant than Fina. This is clearly a distortion because the production of Fina is automated and uses the machine resources much more than the handcrafted Elegant. In fact, the consumption ratio for machining is 0.10 and 0.90 (using machine hours as the measure of usage). Thus, Fina uses nine times the machining resources as Elegant. Setup costs are similarly distorted. The products use an equal number of setups hours. Yet, if direct labor dollars are used, then the Elegant briefcase receives three times more machining costs than the Fina briefcase.4–7 Concluded3. Overhead rate = $21,000/5,000= $4.20 per MHrElegant: ($4.20 ⨯ 500)/3,000 = $0.70 per briefcaseFina: ($4.20 ⨯ 4,500)/3,000 = $6.30 per briefcaseThis cost assignment appears more reasonable given the relative demands each product places on machine resources. However, once a firm moves to a multiproduct setting, using only one activity driver to assign costs will likely produce product cost distortions. Products tend to make different demands on overhead activities, and this should be reflected in overhead cost assign-ments. Usually, this means the use of both unit- and nonunit-level activity drivers. In this example, there is a unit-level activity (machining) and a non-unit-level activity (setting up equipment). The consumption ratios for each (using machine hours and setup hours as the activity drivers) are as follows:Elegant FinaMachining 0.10 0.90 (500/5,000 and 4,500/5,000)Setups 0.50 0.50 (100/200 and 100/200)Setup costs are not assigned accurately. Two activity rates are needed—one based on machine hours and the other on setup hours:Machine rate: $18,000/5,000 = $3.60 per MHrSetup rate: $3,000/200 = $15 per setup hourCosts assigned to each product:Machining: Elegant Fina$3.60 ⨯ 500 $ 1,800$3.60 ⨯ 4,500 $ 16,200Setups:$15 ⨯ 100 1,500 1,500Total $ 3,300 $ 17,700Units ÷3,000 ÷3,000Unit overhead cost $ 1.10 $ 5.90Activity dictionary:Activity Activity Primary/ ActivityName Description Secondary Driver Providing nursing Satisfying patient Primary Nursing hours care needsSupervising Coordinating Secondary Number of nurses nurses nursing activitiesFeeding patients Providing meals Primary Number of mealsto patientsLaundering Cleaning and Primary Pounds of laundry bedding and delivering clothesclothes and beddingProviding Therapy treatments Primary Hours of therapy physical directed bytherapy physicianMonitoring Using equipment to Primary Monitoring hours patients monitor patientconditions1. dCost of labor (0.75 ⨯ $40,000) $30,000Forklift (direct tracing) 6,000 Total cost of receiving $36,000 2. b3. a4. c5. dActivity rates (Questions 2–5):Receiving: $36,000/50,000 = $0.72 per partSetup: $60,000/300 = $200 per setupGrinding: $90,000/18,000 = $5 per MHrInspecting: $45,000/4,500 = $10 per inspection hour6. aOverhead rate = $231,000/20,000 = $11.55 per DLH Direct materials $ 850Direct labor 600Overhead ($11.55 ⨯ 50) 578*Total cost $ 2,028Units ÷100Unit cost $ 20.28*Rounded4–9 Concluded7. bDirect materials $ 850.00Direct labor 600.00Overhead:Setup 200.00 ($200 ⨯ 1)Inspecting 40.00 ($10 ⨯ 4)Grinding 100.00 ($5 ⨯ 20)Receiving 14.40 ($0.72 ⨯ 20) Total costs $ 1,804.40Units ÷100Unit cost $ 18.04**Rounded4–101. Unit-level: Testing products, inserting dies2. Batch-level: Setting up batches, handling wafer lots, purchasingmaterials, receiving materials3. Product-level: Developing test programs, making probe cards,engineering design, paying suppliers4. Facility-level: Providing utilities, providing space4–111. Unit-level activities: MachiningBatch-level activities: Setups and packing Product-level activities: ReceivingFacility-level activities: None2. Pools and drivers:Unit-levelPool 1:Machining $80,000Activity driver: Machine hoursBatch-levelPool 2:Setups $24,000Packing 30,000Total cost $54,000Product-levelPool 3:Receiving $18,000Activity driver: Receiving orders4–11 Concluded3. Pool rates:Pool 1: $80,000/40,000 = $2 per MHrPool 2: $54,000/300 = $180 per setupPool 3: $18,000/600 = $30 per receiving order 4. Overhead assignment:InfantryPool 1: $2 ⨯ 20,000 = $ 40,000Pool 2: $180 ⨯ 200 = 36,000Pool 3: $30 ⨯ 200 = 6,000Total $ 82,000Special forcesPool 1: $2 ⨯ 20,000 = $ 40,000Pool 2: $180 ⨯ 100 = 18,000Pool 3: $30 ⨯ 400 = 12,000Total $ 70,0004–121. Deluxe Percent Regular PercentPrice $900 100% $750 100% Cost 576 64 600 80 Unit gross profit $324 36% $150 20% Total gross profit:($324 ⨯ 100,000) $32,400,000($150 ⨯ 800,000) $120,000,0002. Calculation of unit overhead costs:Deluxe Regular Unit-level:Machining:$200 ⨯ 100,000 $20,000,000$200 ⨯ 300,000 $60,000,000 Batch-level:Setups:$3,000 ⨯ 300 900,000$3,000 ⨯ 200 600,000 Packing:$20 ⨯ 100,000 2,000,000$20 ⨯ 400,000 8,000,000 Product-level:Engineering:$40 ⨯ 50,000 2,000,000$40 ⨯ 100,000 4,000,000 Facility-level:Providing space:$1 ⨯ 200,000 200,000$1 ⨯ 800,000 800,000 Total overhead $ 25,100,000 $ 73,400,000 Units ÷100,000 ÷800,000 Overhead per unit $ 251 $ 91.75Deluxe Percent Regular Percent Price $900 100% $750.00 100%Cost 780* 87*** 574.50** 77***Unit gross profit $120 13%*** $175.50 23%***Total gross profit:($120 ⨯ 100,000) $12,000,000($175.50 ⨯ 800,000) $140,400,000*$529 + $251**$482.75 + $91.75***Rounded3. Using activity-based costing, a much different picture of the deluxe and regu-lar products emerges. The regular model appears to be more profitable. Per-haps it should be emphasized.4–131. JIT Non-JITSales a$12,500,000 $12,500,000Allocation b750,000 750,000a$125 ⨯ 100,000, where $125 = $100 + ($100 ⨯ 0.25), and 100,000 is the average order size times the number of ordersb0.50 ⨯ $1,500,0002. Activity rates:Ordering rate = $880,000/220 = $4,000 per sales orderSelling rate = $320,000/40 = $8,000 per sales callService rate = $300,000/150 = $2,000 per service callJIT Non-JITOrdering costs:$4,000 ⨯ 200 $ 800,000$4,000 ⨯ 20 $ 80,000Selling costs:$8,000 ⨯ 20 160,000$8,000 ⨯ 20 160,000Service costs:$2,000 ⨯ 100 200,000$2,000 ⨯ 50 100,000T otal $ 1,160,000 $ 340,000For the non-JIT customers, the customer costs amount to $750,000/20 = $37,500 per order under the original allocation. Using activity assignments, this drops to $340,000/20 = $17,000 per order, a difference of $20,500 per or-der. For an order of 5,000 units, the order price can be decreased by $4.10 per unit without affecting customer profitability. Overall profitability will decrease, however, unless the price for orders is increased to JIT customers.3. It sounds like the JIT buyers are switching their inventory carrying costs toEmery without any significant benefit to Emery. Emery needs to increase prices to reflect the additional demands on customer-support activities. Fur-thermore, additional price increases may be needed to reflect the increased number of setups, purchases, and so on, that are likely occurring inside the plant. Emery should also immediately initiate discussions with its JIT cus-tomers to begin negotiations for achieving some of the benefits that a JIT supplier should have, such as long-term contracts. The benefits of long-term contracting may offset most or all of the increased costs from the additional demands made on other activities.4–141. Supplier cost:First, calculate the activity rates for assigning costs to suppliers: Inspecting components: $240,000/2,000 = $120 per sampling hourReworking products: $760,500/1,500 = $507 per rework hourWarranty work: $4,800/8,000 = $600 per warranty hourNext, calculate the cost per component by supplier:Supplier cost:Vance Foy Purchase cost:$23.50 ⨯ 400,000 $ 9,400,000$21.50 ⨯ 1,600,000 $ 34,400,000 Inspecting components:$120 ⨯ 40 4,800$120 ⨯ 1,960 235,200 Reworking products:$507 ⨯ 90 45,630$507 ⨯ 1,410 714,870 Warranty work:$600 ⨯ 400 240,000$600 ⨯ 7,600 4,560,000 Total supplier cost $ 9,690,430 $ 39,910,070Units supplied ÷400,000 ÷1,600,000Unit cost $ 24.23* $ 24.94**RoundedThe difference is in favor of Vance; however, when the price concession is con sidered, the cost of Vance is $23.23, which is less than Foy’s component.Lumus should accept the contractual offer made by Vance.4–14 Concluded2. Warranty hours would act as the best driver of the three choices. Using thisdriver, the rate is $1,000,000/8,000 = $125 per warranty hour. The cost as-signed to each component would be:Vance Foy Lost sales:$125 ⨯ 400 $ 50,000$125 ⨯ 7,600 $ 950,000$ 50,000 $ 950,000 U nits supplied ÷ 400,000 ÷1,600,000I ncrease in unit cost $ 0.13* $ 0.59**RoundedPROBLEMS4–151. Product cost assignment:Overhead rates:Patterns: $30,000/15,000 = $2.00 per DLHFinishing: $90,000/30,000 = $3.00 per DLHUnit cost computation:Duffel BagsPatterns:$2.00 ⨯ 0.1 $0.20$2.00 ⨯ 0.2 $0.40Finishing:$3.00 ⨯ 0.2 0.60$3.00 ⨯ 0.4 1.20Total per unit $0.80 $1.602. Cost before addition of duffel bags:$60,000/100,000 = $0.60 per unitThe assignment is accurate because all costs belong to the one product.4–15 Concluded3. Activity-based cost assignment:Stage 1:Pool rate = $120,000/80,000 = $1.50 per transactionStage 2:Overhead applied:Backpacks: $1.50 ⨯ 40,000* = $60,000Duffel bags: $1.50 ⨯ 40,000 = $60,000*80,000 transactions/2 = 40,000 (number of transactions had doubled)Unit cost:Backpacks: $60,000/100,000 = $0.60 per unitDuffel bags: $60,000/25,000 = $2.40 per unit4. This problem allows the student to see what the accounting cost per unitshould be by providing the ability to calculate the cost with and without the duffel bags. With this perspective, it becomes easy to see the benefits of the activity-based approach over those of the functional-based approach. The activity-based approach provides the same cost per unit as the single-product setting. The functional-based approach used transactions to allocate accounting costs to each producing department, and this allocation probably reflects quite well the consumption of accounting costs by each producing department. The problem is the second-stage allocation. Direct labor hours do not capture the consumption pattern of the individual products as they pass through the departments. The distortion occurs, not in using transac-tions to assign accounting costs to departments, but in using direct labor hours to assign these costs to the two products.In a single-product environment, ABC offers no improvement in product cost-ing accuracy. However, even in a single-product environment, it may be poss-ible to increase the accuracy of cost assignments to other cost objects such as customers.4–161. Plantwide rate = $660,000/440,000 = $1.50 per DLHOverhead cost per unit:Model A: $1.50 ⨯ 140,000/30,000 = $7.00Model B: $1.50 ⨯ 300,000/300,000 = $1.502. Departmental rates:Department 1: $420,000/180,000 = $2.33 per MHr*Department 2: $240,000/400,000 = $0.60 per DLHDepartment 1: $420,000/40,000 = $10.50 DLHDepartment 2: $240,000/40,000 = $6.00 per MHrOverhead cost per unit:Model A: [($2.33 ⨯ 10,000) + ($0.60 ⨯ 130,000)]/30,000 = $3.38Model B: [($2.33 ⨯ 170,000) + ($0.60 ⨯ 270,000)]/300,000 = $1.86Overhead cost per unit:Model A: [($10.50 ⨯ 10,000) + ($6.00 ⨯ 10,000)]/30,000 = $5.50Model B: [($10.50 ⨯ 30,000) + ($6.00 ⨯ 30,000)]/300,000 = $1.65*Rounded numbers throughoutA common justification is that of using machine hours for machine-intensivedepartments and labor hours for labor-intensive departments. Using this rea-soning, the first set of departmental rates would be selected (machine hours for Department 1 and direct labor hours for Department 2).3. Calculation of pool rates:Driver Pool RateBatch-level pool:Setup and inspection Product runs $320,000/100 = $3,200 per runUnit-level pool:Machine andmaintenance Machine hours $340,000/220,000 = $1.545 per MHr Note: Inspection hours could have been used as an activity driver instead of production runs.Overhead assignment:Model BBatch-level:Setups and inspection$3,200 ⨯ 40 $ 128,000$3,200 ⨯ 60 $ 192,000Unit-level:Power and maintenance$1.545 ⨯ 20,000 30,900$1.545 ⨯ 200,000 309,000Total overhead $ 158,900 $ 501,000Units produced ÷30,000 ÷ 300,000Overhead per unit $ 5.30 $ 1.674. Using activity-based costs as the standard, we can say that the first set ofdepartmental rates decreased the accuracy of the overhead cost assignment (over the plantwide rate) for both products. The opposite is true for the second set of departmental rates. In fact, the second set is very close to the activity assignments. Apparently, departmental rates can either improve or worsen plantwide assignments. In the first case, D epartment 1’s costs are assigned at a 17:1 ratio which overcosts B and undercosts A in a big way.Yet, this is the most likely set of rates at the departmental level! This raises some doubt about the conventional wisdom regarding departmental rates.4–171. Labor and gasoline are driver tracing.Labor (0.75 ⨯ $120,000) $ 90,000 Time = Resource driverGasoline ($3 ⨯ 6,000 moves) 18,000 Moves = Resource driverDepreciation (2 ⨯ $6,000) 12,000 Direct tracingTotal cost $ 120,0002. Plantwide rate = $600,000/20,000= $30 per DLHUnit cost:DeluxePrime costs $80.00 $160Overhead:$30 ⨯ 10,000/40,000 7.50$30 ⨯ 10,000/20,000 15$87.50 $1753. Pool 1: Maintenance $ 114,000Engineering 120,000Total $ 234,000Maintenance hours ÷4,000Pool rate $ 58.50Note:Engineering hours could also be used as a driver. The activities are grouped together because they have the same process, are both product lev-el, and have the same consumption ratios (0.25, 0.75).Pool 2: Material handling $ 120,000Number of moves ÷6,000Pool rate $ 20Pool 3: Setting up $ 96,000Number of setups ÷80Pool rate $ 1,200Note: Material handling and setups are both batch-level activities but have dif-ferent consumption ratios.Pool 4: Purchasing $ 60,000Receiving 40,000Paying suppliersTotal $ 130,000Orders processed ÷750Pool rate $ 173.33Note:The three activities are all product-level activities and have the same consumption ratios.Pool 5: Providing space $ 20,000Machine hours ÷10,000Pool rate $ 2Note: This is the only facility-level activity.4. Unit cost:Basic Deluxe Prime costs $ 3,200,000 $ 3,200,000Overhead:Pool 1:$58.50 ⨯ 1,000 58,500$58.50 ⨯ 3,000 175,500 Pool 2:$20 ⨯ 2,000 40,000$20 ⨯ 4,000 80,000 Pool 3:$1,200 ⨯ 20 24,000$1,200 ⨯ 60 72,000 Pool 4:$173.33 ⨯ 250 43,333$173.33 ⨯ 500 86,665 Pool 5:$2 ⨯ 5,000 10,000$2 ⨯ 5,000 10,000 Total $ 3,375,833 $ 3,624,165Units produced ÷40,000 ÷20,000Unit cost (ABC) $ 84.40 $ 181.21Unit cost (traditional) $ 87.50 $ 175.00The ABC costs are more accurate (better tracing—closer representation of actual resource consumption). This shows that the basic model was over-costed and the deluxe model undercosted when the plantwide overhead rate was used.1. Unit-level costs ($120 ⨯ 20,000) $ 2,400,000Batch-level costs ($80,000 ⨯ 20) 1,600,000Product-level costs ($80,000 ⨯ 10) 800,000Facility-level ($20 ⨯ 20,000) 400,000Total cost $ 5,200,0002. Unit-level costs ($120 ⨯ 30,000) $ 3,600,000Batch-level costs ($80,000 ⨯ 20) 1,600,000Product-level costs ($80,000 ⨯ 10) 800,000Facility-level costs 400,000Total cost $ 6,400,000The unit-based costs increase because these costs vary with the number of units produced. Because the batches and engineering orders did not change, the batch-level costs and product-level costs remain the same, behaving as fixed costs with respect to the unit-based driver. The facility-level costs are fixed costs and do not vary with any driver.3. Unit-level costs ($120 ⨯ 30,000) $ 3,600,000Batch-level costs ($80,000 ⨯ 30) 2,400,000Product-level costs ($80,000 ⨯ 12) 960,000Facility-level costs 400,000Total cost $ 7,360,000Batch-level costs increase as the number of batches changes, and the costs of engineering support change as the number of orders change. Thus, batches and orders increased, increasing the total cost of the model.4. Classifying costs by category allows their behavior to be better understood.This, in turn, creates the ability to better manage costs and make decisions.1. The total cost of care is $1,950,000 plus a $50,000 share of the cost of super-vision [(25/150) ⨯ $300,000]. The cost of supervision is computed as follows: Salary of supervisor (direct) $ 70,000Salary of secretary (direct) 22,000Capital costs (direct) 100,000Assistants (3 ⨯ 0.75 ⨯ $48,000) 108,000Total $ 300,000Thus, the cost per patient day is computed as follows:$2,000,000/10,000 = $200 per patient day(The total cost of care divided by patient days.) Notice that every maternity patient—regardless of type—would pay the daily rate of $200.2. First, the cost of the secondary activity (supervision) must be assigned to theprimary activities (various nursing care activities) that consume it (the driver is the number of nurses):Maternity nursing care assignment:(25/150) ⨯ $300,000 = $50,000Thus, the total cost of nursing care is $950,000 + $50,000 = $1,000,000.Next, calculate the activity rates for the two primary activities:Occupancy and feeding: $1,000,000/10,000 = $100 per patient dayNursing care: $1,000,000/50,000 = $20 per nursing hour。

Chapter 4 Exchange Rate Determination练习

Chapter 4 Exchange Rate Determination1. The value of the Australian dollar (A$) today is $0.73. Yesterday, the value of theAustralian dollar was $0.69. The Australian dollar ________ by _______%.A) depreciated; 5.80B) depreciated; 4.00C) appreciated; 5.80D) appreciated; 4.00ANSWER: CS t– S t –1S t –1SOLUTION: ($0.73 - $0.69)/$0.69 = 5.80%2. If a currency's spot rate market is ________, its exchange rate is likely to be __________ to a single large purchase or sale transaction.A) liquid; highly sensitiveB) illiquid; insensitiveC) illiquid; highly sensitiveD) none of the above.ANSWER: C3. _________ is not a factor that causes currency supply and demand schedules tochange.A) Relative inflation ratesB) Relative interest ratesC) Relative income levelsD) ExpectationsE) All of the above are factors that cause currency supply and demand schedules to change. ANSWER: E4. A large increase in the income level in Mexico along with no growth in the U.S. incomelevel is normally expected to cause (assuming no change in interest rates or other factors)a(n) ______ in Mexican demand for U.S. goods, and the Mexican peso should _______.A) increase; appreciateB) increase; depreciateC) decrease; depreciateD) decrease; appreciateANSWER: B收入水平提高或经济复苏增大货币消费量，造成货币贬值5. An increase in U.S. interest rates relative to German interest rates would likely________ the U.S. demand for euros and _________ the supply of euros for sale.A) reduce; increaseB) increase; reduceC) reduce; reduceD) increase; increase美国利率提高，人们更愿意去美国投资。

chapter4 血液循环(1)

上升达峰值下降
心室容积
血流方向
动脉瓣关开开关关关关不变迅速↓ 继续↓ 不变迅速↑ 继续↑ 继续 ↑ 存于心室心室→ 动脉心室→ 动脉存于心房心房→ 心室心房→ 心室心房→ 心室
关关关关开开开
快速下降
不明显不明显轻度升高
小结:
心室射血的直接动力:心室动脉压力差心室射血的直接动力:心室—动脉压力差主要是心室肌收缩所致. 主要是心室肌收缩所致心室充盈的动力:心房心室压力差心室充盈的动力:心房—心室压力差 75%) 主要依赖心室肌舒张时产生的负压吸引力(75%) 心房收缩仅仅对心室充盈起补充作用(25% 瓣膜的启闭和结构决定了血液呈单向流动
心室肌收缩和舒张
心音
用听诊器在胸壁的某些部位, 用听诊器在胸壁的某些部位,可听到这些振动形成的声音,称心音. 这些振动形成的声音,称心音. 用换能器将该机械振动转变成电信号, 用换能器将该机械振动转变成电信号, 称心音图. 称心音图. ※ ※ 第一心音(心室收缩开始的标志) 第一心音(心室收缩开始的标志) 第二心音(心室开始舒张的标志) 第二心音(心室开始舒张的标志)
心室开始舒张动脉瓣区) (动脉瓣区) 动脉瓣功能状态
快速充盈期心尖) 末(心尖) 部分健康青年
部分老年和心舒末期压力高
心脏泵血功能评定
(一)每搏输出量及射血分数每搏输出量(stroke volume,SV) :
一次心搏中由一侧心室射出的血量(70ml 一次心搏中由一侧心室射出的血量(70ml). 一侧心室射出的血量(70ml). 射血分数(ejection fraction,EF) 每搏输出量/心舒张末期容积(EDV) EF =每搏输出量/心舒张末期容积(EDV) 70ml/ =70ml/125ml 56% =56% 意义:①心缩↑→每搏输出量↑→射血分数↑ 意义: 心缩↑→每搏输出量↑→射血分数↑ ↑→每搏输出量↑→射血分数 SV更全面更全面. ②比SV更全面. 心室扩大,心功能下降( 如:心室扩大,心功能下降( SV可不变 →心舒张末期容积↑→射血分数↓ 心舒张末期容积↑→射血分数↓ ↑→射血分数

电子科技大学-数字电路基础-Chapter 4-1 Switching Algebra

Boolean Algebra
- formulated by mathematician George Boole in 1854
- basic relationships & manipulations for a two-value system

Switching Algebra
- adaptation of Boolean Logic to analyzer and
Linli Cui, UESTC
Axioms

Axiom #1 "Identity"
- a variable X can only take on 1 or 2 values (0 or 1) (A1) X = 0, if X ≠ 1 (A1') X = 1, if X ≠ 0

Axiom #2 "Complement"
因果互换关系 X⊙Y=Z X⊙Z=Y Y⊙Z=X
Linli Cui, UESTC
Theorem - XNOR (同或)

Variable and Constant --X⊙X=1 X⊙X’=0 X⊙1=X X⊙0=X’

Multi-variable --—— the result depends on the total number of ―0‖ 1 变量为0的个数是偶数
X0⊙X1⊙ … ⊙Xn =
0 变量为0的个数是奇数
Linli Cui, UESTC
XOR vs. XNOR

Linli Cui, UESTC
Boolean Algebra
What is Algebra - the basic set of rules that the elements and operators in a system follow - the ability to represent unknowns using variables - the set of theorems available to manipulate expressions

词汇学第四章考试题

CHAPTER 41. The expansion of vocabulary in modern English depends chiefly on_______.A. borrowingB. word-formationC. conversionD. the number of the people speaking English2. _______ doesn't belong to the most productive means of word-formation.A. AffixationB. CompoundingC. ConversionD. Blending3. Conversion gives us _______ of the new vocabulary.A. 30%B. 28%C. 26%D. 28% to 30%4. Word formation excludes _______.A. affixation and compoundingB. conversion and shorteningC. chipping, acronymy and blendingD. repetition and alliteration5. The most productive word formation are _______.A. affixationB. compoundingC. conversionD. all the above6. Of the following word-formation processes, _______ is the most productive.A. clippingB. blendingC. initialismD. derivation7. 30% to 40% of the total number of new words in English are produced through _______.A. compoundingB. affixationC. conversionD. shortening8. The prefixes in the words of irresistible, nonclassical and apolitical are called _______.A. reversative prefixesB. negative prefixesC. pejorative prefixesD. locative prefixes9. Affixation is generally defined as the formation of words by adding word-forming or _______ to stems.A. affixesB. suffixes and prefixesC. inflectional affixesD. derivational affixes10. The words formed by affixation are called _______.A. affixesB. derivationsC. derivativesD. derivationals11. According to the _______ which affixes occupy in words, affixation falls into two subclasses: prefixation and suffixation.A. functionsB. positionsC. waysD. none of the above12. Prefixes do not generally change the _______ of the stem but only modify its meaning.A. word-classB. meaningC. formD. structure13. Accordingly, prefixes are classified on a semantic basis into _______ groups.B. 8D. 1014. These are negative prefixes except _______.A. dis-B. in-C. non-D. under-15. "Ex-" in the word "ex-prisoner" is _______.A. free rootB. bound rootC. inflectional affixD. derivational affix16. All of the following are pejorative prefixes except _______.A. mal-B. arch¬C. pseudo-D. mis-17. The "de -" in "decompose" is _______.A. a negative prefixB. a pejorative prefixC. a reversative prefixD. an orientation prefix18. The prefixes contained in the following words are called _______:pseudo, friend, malpractice, mistrust.A. reversative prefixedB. negative prefixesC. pejorative prefixesD. locative prefixes19. The prefixes in words anti-government, pro-student and contraflow are _______.A. prefixes of degree or sizeB. prefixes of orientation and attitudeC. prefixes of time and orderD. miscellaneous prefixes20. The prefixed contained in unwrap, de-compose and disallow are _______.A. reversative prefixedB. negative prefixesC. pejorative prefixesD. locative prefixes21. The prefixes in words extra-strong, overweight and archbishop are _______.A. negative prefixesB. prefixes of degree or sizeC. pejorative prefixesD. locative prefixes22. A subcutaneous infection is _______ the skin.A. on the surface ofB. aboveC. underD. below23. Some doctors prescribe medication to treat hyperactive children, because the children are extremely _______.A. activeB. passiveC. lazyD. diligent24. _______ of the given prefixes indicates number.A. fore-B. anti-C. semi-D. pan-25. The primary function of suffixes is to _______.A. change the word-class of rootsB. change the meaning of stemsC. change the grammatical function of stemsD. change the structure of roots26. The "auto" in "autobiography" is _______.A. a negative prefixB. a pejorative prefixC. a reversative prefixD. a miscellaneous prefix27. The prefixes in words bilingual, uniform and hemisphere are _______.A. number prefixesB. prefixes of degree or sizeC. pejorative prefixesD. locative prefixes28. _______ are contained in words trans-world, intra-party and forehead.A. Prefixes of orientation and attitudeB. Prefixes of time and orderC. Locative prefixesD. Prefixes of degree or size29. The prefixes in words new-Nazi, autobiography and pan-European are _______.A. negative prefixesB. prefixes of degree or sizeC. prefixes of time and orderD. miscellaneous prefixes30. Ex-student, foretell and post-election contain _______.A. negative prefixesB. prefixes of degree or sizeC. prefixes of time and orderD. locative prefixes31. Which of the following prefixes can not be used to indicate time and orderA. Ex-.B. Fore-.C. Post-.D. Para-.32. Which of the following is a case of suffixationA. HemisphereB. AttemptC. NATOD. Respondent33. A multiplied insect has _______ feet.A. twoB. fourC. sixD. many34. A tricycle has _______ wheels.A. oneB. twoC. threeD. Four35. Which of the following belongs to number prefixesA. Auto-.B. Mis-.C. Hemi-.D. Pre-.36. We usually group suffixes on a _______ basis into noun suffixes, verb suffixes, adjective suffixes, etc.A. grammatical C. meaningfulB. structural D. practical37. -eer, -er, -ess, -ette, -let are all suffixes added to noun bases to produce _______ nouns.A. abstract C. concreteB. de-verbal D. de-adjective38. These are adjective suffixes except _______.A. -ishB. -iveC. -aiD. -ance39. The word "courageous" is created by _______.A. noun suffixesB. adverb suffixesC. adjective suffixesD. verb suffixes40. The meanings of "comic" and "comical" are _______.A. sameB. identicalC. similarD. different41. Which of the following suffixes can be used to form both nouns and adjectivesA. -ion.B. -ism.C. -ity.D. -ist.42. The following are all denominal suffixes EXCEPT _______.A. -fulB. -wiseC. -lessD. -like43. _______ of the following is not a verb suffix.A. -ateB. -enC. -ed44. The suffixes in words heighten, symbolize are _______.A. noun suffixesB. verb suffixesC. adverb suffixesD. adjective suffixes45. The suffixes in words clockwise, homewards are _______.A. noun suffixesB. verb suffixesC. adverb suffixesD. adjective suffixes46. The differences between compounds and free phrases show in _______ aspects.A. phonetic featuresB. semantic featuresC. grammatical featuresD. all the above47. There are _______ major classes of compounds.A. twoB. fourC. threeD. five48. " Washing machine" is a word formed by _______.A. prefixationB. compoundingC. conversionD. blending49. "Law-abiding" belongs to _______.A. adjective compoundB. noun compoundC. verb compoundD. none of the above50. "up-bringing" belongs to _______.A. adjective compoundB. noun compoundB. verb compound D. none of the above51. Verb compounds are created either through _______ or _______.A. affixation; conversionB. clipping; affixationC. conversion; backformationD. backformation; borrowing52. Which of the following is not through backformationA. To mass-produce.B. To lip-read.C. To nickname.D. To chain-smoke.53. Conversion is a method _______.A. of turning words of one part of speech to those of a different part of speechB. of converting words of one meaning into different meaningC. of deriving words through grammatical meansD. of changing words in morphological structure54. In a derivational process, an item is converted to a new word class without the addition of an affix. The name is _______.A. full conversionB. partial conversionC. functional shiftD. zero-derivation55. Words involved in conversion are primarily _______.A. nouns, verbs and adverbsB. nouns, adjectives and verbsC. nouns, prepositions and verbsD. adjectives, adverbs and verbs56. Almost all monomorphemic _______ can be conversed into nouns, which are semantically related to the original verbs in various ways.A. verbsB. adjectivesC. adverbsD. prepositions57. Nouns converted from adjectives have all the characteristics of nouns and achieve a full noun status, thus known as _______.A. partial conversionB. full conversionC. speech shiftD. grammatical shift58. Nouns partially converted from adjectives do not possess all the qualities a noun does. Theymust be used together with _______.A. plural formsB. single formsC. adjectivesD. definite articles59. In most cases a noun can be converted to a verb _______.A. with some changesB. without any changeC. with some changes in spellingD. without any change in pronunciation60. The "house" in "the peasant housed him" belongs to the conversion _______.A. between noun and adjectiveB. between noun and verbC. between verb and adjectiveD. none of the above61. The conversion of two-syllable nouns into verbs involves a change of _______.A. spellingB. pronunciationC. stressD. function62. "Empty" in the sentence "The meeting was over and the meeting-room began to empty" is _______.A. adjectiveB. verbC. nounD. four63. Which of the following words is NOT formed through clippingA. Dorm.B. Motel.C. Gent.D. Zoo.64. _______ are words pronounced letter by letter.A. InitialismsB. AcronymsC. BlendsD. Clips65. Of the following words, _______ is an initialism.A. UNB. NATOC. BASICD. UNESCO66. "BBC" is formed in the way of _______.A. acronymyB. clippingC. back-formationD. prefixation67. "TV" is a (n) _______.A. initialismB. acronymC. derivativeD. compound68. Back-formation is considered to be the opposite process of _______.A. prefixationB. suffixationC. acronymy D- conversion69. Back-formation is the method of creating new words by _______ the supposed suffixes.( )A. removingB. combiningC. shorteningD. considering70. Back-formation usually involves _______ types of words.A. threeB. fourC. fiveD. two71. Stylistically, back-formed words are largely some of them have not gained public acceptance.A. formalB. adjectivesC. human nounsD. informal72. The word "sandwich" which now denotes a popular fast food originates from _______.A. FaradayB. John MontagueC. BloomersD. Thomas More73. Mackintosh, bloomers and cherub are from _______.A. names of booksB. names of placesC. names of peopleD. trade-names74. Rugby, afghan and champagne are words coming from _______.A. names of booksB. names of placesC. names of peopleD. tradenames75. Utopia, odyssey and Babbit are words from _______.A. names of booksB. names of placesC. names of peopleD. tradenames76. Which of the following words is NOT from ChineseA. Tea.B. Ketchup.C. Kungfu.D. Czar.77. Omega, Xerox and orlon are words from _______.A. names of booksB. names of placesC. names of peopleD. tradenames78. _______ are affective words as they are expressions of emotions such as oh, dear, me, alas.A. PrepositionsB. InterjectionsC. ExclamationsD. Explanations79. 30% to 40% of the total number of new words in English are produced through _______A. compoundingB. affixationC. conversionD. shortening80. The prefixes mal- in maltreat, mis- in misleading and pseudo- in pseudo- scientific are ______ prefixes.A. negativeB. reversativeC. pejorativeD. locative81. The prefixes like un- and dis- can be regarded both as negative prefixes and as privative prefixes. The justification of their category lies in _______.A. meaningB. functionC. collocationD. word-class82. Some prefixes are categorized as _______ since their chief function is to change the base from one word class to another.A. conversion prefixesB. prefixes of orientation and attitudeC. inflectional prefixesD. prefixes of time and order83. The word employer is composed of " employ+er", of which -er is the so-called _______ suffix.A. verbB. deverbal nounC. denominalD. denominal noun84. As a suffix, _______ means "receiver of the action".A. -eerB. -essC. -erD. -ee85. The suffix -or in actor is a(n) _______ suffix and -ance in performance is a(n) _______noun suffix.A. concrete; concreteB. abstract; concreteC. abstract; abstractD. concrete; abstract86. The suffix -ful in mouthful is a suffix and in graceful is a _______ suffix.A. denominal adjective; denominal adjectiveB. denominal noun; denominal adjectiveC. denominal noun; denominal nounD. denominal adjective; denominal noun87. Of the three words, _______ refers to the physical or heroic qualities of a man, _______ is applied to nonhumans and _______ implies unwelcome masculine attributes usually in a woman.A. manly; manlike; mannishB. manly; mannish; manlikeC. mannish; manlike; manlyD. mannish; manly; manlike88. The pattern of deadline and blueprint is _______ in formation.A. n. + n.B. n. + v.C. adj. + n.D. adj. + v.89. The grammatical relationship between the elements in fist-fighting is _______.A. subject-}-verbB. verb+objectC. verb ~h adverbialD. subject+adverbial90. The conversion of two syllable nouns into verbs usually involves a change of _______.A. spellingB. pronunciationC. stressD. function91. Through _______, we get lip-read out of lip-reading.A. lexicalizatjonB. conversionC. rearrangementD. backformation92. The process in which nouns converted from adjectives do not possess all the qualities a noun does is called a _______ conversion.A. functionalB. fullC. partialD. miscellaneous93. The word motel comes from "motor-f-hotel". This is an example of _______ in terms of word formation.A. backformationB. conversionC. blendingD. acronym94. The words socio-linguistic and psycho-analysis are _______ according to the bases with which they are coined.A. compoundsB. blendsC. derivativesD. acronyms96. The case of exec derived from executive is an instance of _______ clipping.A. frontB. backC. front and backD. phrase97. AIDS, which is an instance of _______, is short for "acquired immune deficiency syndrome".A. pure acronymsB. hybrid acronymsC. syllabic acronymsD. initialisms98. The word medicare comes from "medical+care", so its structure is _______.A. head+wordB. word+tailC. head+headD. head+tail99. Almost all the back-formed words are _______.A. nounsB. verbsC. adjectivesD. adverbs100. Words produced through affixation constitute _______ of all the new words.A. 20% to 30%B. 30% to 40%C. 40% to 50%D. 10% to 20%101. The most productive word formation is _______.A. affixationB. compoundingC. conversionD. acronymy102. The expansion of vocabulary in modern English depends chiefly on . [ ]A. word-formationB. prefixationC. suffixationD. compounding103. _______ is the formation of words by adding word-forming or derivational affixes to stems.A. PrefixationB. DerivationC. SuffixationD. Compounding104. According to the positions which affixes occupy in words, affixation falls into two subclasses: _______ and _______.A. clipping, blendingB. compounding, conversionC. conversion, derivationD. prefixation, suffixation105. We shall classify prefixes on semantic basis intoA. sevenB. eightC. nineD. eleven106. The prefix "pseudo" is _______.A. a negative prefixB. a reversative prefixC. a locative prefixD. a pejorative prefix107. The "de-" in "decompose" is _______.A. a negative prefixB. a pejorative prefixC. a reversative prefixD. an orientation prefix108. The chief function of prefixation is to _______.A. change meanings of the stemB. change the word-class of the stemC. change grammatical functionD. all the above109. The "auto" in "autobiography" is _______.A. a negative prefixB. a locative prefixC. a reversative prefixD. a miscellaneous prefix110. The chief function of suffixation is to _______.A. change meanings of the stemB. change the word class of the stemC. change the lexical meaningD. all the above111. The word "courageous" is created by _______.A. noun suffixesB. adverb suffixesC. adjective suffixesD. verb suffixes112. The meanings of "comic" and "comical" are _______.A. sameB. identicalC. similarD. different113. For the word "political”, its negative form is " _______.A. apoliticalB. ilpoliticalC. inpoliticalD. impolitical114. The differences between compounds and free phrases show in _______.A. phonetic featuresB. semantic featuresC. grammatical featuresD. all the above115. _______ is the formation of new words by joining two or more stems.A. SuffixationB. CompositionC. ConversionD. Clipping116. " Law-abiding" belongs to _______.A. adjective compoundB. noun compoundC. verb compoundD. none of the above117. "Sit-in" belongs to _______.A. adjective compoundB. noun compoundC. verb compoundD. none of the above118. "up-bringing" belongs to _______.A. adjective compoundB. noun compoundC. verb compoundD. none of the above119. Verb compounds are created either through _______ or _______.A. affixation/conversionB. clipping/affixationC. conversion/backformationD. back-formation/borrowing120. In compounds, the word stress usually occurs on _______ whereas in noun phrase _______ is generally stressed if there is only one stress.A. the first element/the second elementB. the second element/the first elementC. the first element/the first elementD. the second element/the second element121. Most compounds consist of only _______ stems.A. threeB. twoC. fourD. five122. Words mainly involved in conversion are _______.A. nouns, verbs and adverbsB. nouns, adjectives and verbsC. nouns, prepositions and verbsD. adjectives, adverbs and verbs123. The derivational process, in which an item is converted to a new word class without the addition of an affix, is called _______.A. full conversionB. partial-conversionC. semantic shiftD. zero-derivation124. The "house" in "the peasant housed him" belongs to the conversion _______.A. between noun and adjectiveB. between noun and verbC. between verb and adjectiveD. none of the above125. Nouns converted from adjectives have all the characteristics of nouns and achieve a full noun status, thus known as _______.A. partial conversionB. full conversionC. functional shiftD. grammatical shift126. Nouns partially converted from adjectives do not possess all the qualities a noun does. They must be used together with _______.A. plural formsB. single formsC. adjectivesD. definite articles127. The conversion of two syllable nouns into verbs involves a change of _______.A. spellingB. pronunciationC. stressD. function128. Words produced by conversion are primarily _______.A. nounsB. adjectivesC. verbsD. all the above129. The most productive conversion is the conversion that takes place _______.A. between nouns and verbsB. between nouns and adjectivesC. between verbs and adjectivesD. none of the above130. The overwhelming majority of blends are _______.A. verbsB. nounsC. adjectivesD. adverbs131. Back-formation is therefore the method of creating words by _______ the supposed suffixes.A. removingB. shorteningC. addingD. writing132. Back-formation is considered to be the opposite process of _______.A. prefixationB. suffixationC. acronymyD. conversion133. Words formed by acronymy can be divided into initialisms and acronyms depending on _______.A. the grammatical functionB. the pronunciation of the wordsC. the spelling wayD. none of the above134. Word formation excludes _______.A. affixation and compoundingB. conversion and shorteningC. chipping, acronymy and blendingD. repetition and alliteration135. Which of the following is a case of suffixationA. Hemisphere.B. Disunite.C. NATO.D. Respondent.136. A tricycle has _______ wheels.A. twoB. fourC. sixD. three137. The prefixes in the words*, irresistible, non-classical and apolitical are called _______.A. reversative prefixesB. negative prefixesC. pejorative prefixesD. locative prefixes138. Rugby, afghan and champagne are words coming from _______.A. names of booksB. names of placesC. names of peopleD. tradenames139. Some doctors prescribe medication to treat hyperactive children, because the children are extremely _______ .A. activeB. passiveC. lazyD. diligent140. Ex-student, foretell and post-election contain _______.A. negative prefixesB. prefixes of degree or sizeC, prefixes of time and order D. locative prefixes141. _______are words pronounced letter by letterA. InitialismsB. AcronymsC. BlendsD. Compounds142. What does the neo-mean in neo-NaziA. Old.B. Poor.C. New.D. Rich.143. Which of the following words is NOT formed through clippingA. Dorm.B. Slurb.C. Gent.D. Zoo.144. Which of the following belongs to number prefixesA. Fore-.B. Pro-.C. Hemi-.D. Pre-.145. There are _______ major classes of compounds.A. twoB. fourC. threeD. five146. Mackintosh, bloomers and cherub are from _______.A. names of booksB. names of placesC. names of peopleD. tradenames147. The suffixes in words clockwise, homewards are _______.A. noun suffixesB. verb suffixesC. adverb suffixesD. adjective suffixes148. The suffixes in words heighten, symbolize are _______.A. noun suffixesB. verb suffixesC. adverb suffixesD. adjective suffixes149. Of the following words, _______ is an initialism.A. UNB. NATOC. BASICD. UNESCO150. Of the following word-formation processes, is the _______ most productive.A. clippingB. blendingC. initialismD. affixation151. The prefixes in words neo-Nazi, autobiography and pan-European are _______.A. negative prefixesB. prefixes of degree or sizeC. prefixes of time and orderD. miscellaneous prefixes152. Which of the following words is NOT from ChineseA. Tea.B. Ketchup.C. Kungfu.D. Czar.153. Which of the following suffixes can be used to form both nouns and adjectivesA. -ion.B. -ism.C. -ity.D. -ist.154. Utopia, odyssey and Babbit are words from _______.A. names of booksB. names of placesC. names of peopleD. tradenames1. Affixes and compounding processes may become _______ on one time.2. Not all the words that are produced by applying the word-forming rule are _______ .3. Words produced through compounding yields _______ of all the new word.4. New words which are created by adding affixes to stems are called _______.5. _______ is the formation of new words by adding prefixes to stems.6. The majority of prefixes are _______ by their non-class-changing nature.7. Affixation, also called _______, is one of the word formations.8. Derivational affixes can be further divided into _______ and suffixes.9. Prefixes are those affixes that added to the head of words, which primarily change the _______ of the stem.10. The formation of words by adding word-forming affixes to stems is called _______.11. The chief function of _______ is not to change the word class of the stem, but to change its meaning.12. Suffixation is the formation of new word by adding _______ to stems.13. In the word "post-war" , "post-" is a prefix of _______.14. Compounding is the formation of new words by joining _______.15. Compounds and derived words are _______ words and the meanings of many are the sum total of the morphemes combined.16. The open _______ are the same in form as free phrases.17. The stress patterns of compounds are not _______.18. Compounds are different from free phrases in _______ unit.19. A compound tends to play a single _______ role in a sentence.20. An alternative for conversion is _______.21. _______ is the formation of new words by converting words of one class to another class.22. Almost all monomorphemic verbs can be used as nouns, which are _______ related to the original verbs in various ways according to Quirk et al.23. Such words as "the richer”, "the poor”, "the most corrupt" are all examples of _______.24. The words "autocide" and "telex" are formed by _______.25. With the development of market economy psywar becomes more and more popular. "Psywar" means _______.26. _______ is the formation of new words by combining parts of two words or a word plus a part of another word.27. A common way of making a word is to shorten a longer word by cutting a part off the original and using what remains instead. This is called _______.28. _______ is the process of forcing new words by joining the initial letters of names of social and political organizations or special phrases and technical terms.29. _______ is considered to be the opposite process of suffixation.30. A word is the _______ of form and meaning.31. Modern English expands its vocabulary chiefly through _______.32. The three main means of creating new words in modern English are _______, compounding and conversion.33. Shortening including clipping and _______ is also a way of forming new words in modern English.34. Affixation falls into two subcategories prefixation and _______.35. Affixation is also known as _______.36. The prefixes bi-, multi- and tri- are all _______ prefixes.37. Compounds can be written solid, _______ and open.38. A compound is a unit consisting of more than one base and functioning both grammatically and _______ as a single word.39. The words sit-in and handshake are both _______ compounds.40. Verb compounds are generally created either through _______or back-formation.41. Compounds are largely the results of _______ of phrases.42. If we need a word which is not found, we can easily make one through _______ or rearrangement of word-forming elements.43. Conversion is also known as _______ since it does not change the morphological structure of words but their function.44. Regarded as a derivational process without the addition of an affix, conversion can be called as _______.45. Words formed through acronymy can be divided into _______ and acronyms depending on the pronunciation of the words.46. Such words as goody-goody, willy-nilly and fiddle-faddle are known as _______ in terms of word formation.47. The process is called _______ when proper names are changed into common words in use.48. Words like nylon, orlon and rayon come from _______, a type of proper names.49. The overwhelming majority of blends are _______.50. Words imitating natural sounds are _______words.51. Affixation, also called _______, is one of the word formations.52. In modem times, the expansion of _______ is mainly through word-formation.53. The number of inflectional affixes is _______and stable, which makes English one of the easiest language to learn.54. According to suffixation theory, “villager" is called denominal noun and “employer" is called _______noun.55. Derivational affixes can be further divided into _______and suffixes.56. Prefixes do not generally change the _______of the stem but only modify its meaning.57. Not all the words that are produced by applying the word-forming rule are _______.58. Compounding is the formation of _______ by joining two or more stems.59. Words produced through compounding yields _______ of all the new words.60. _______ conversion and _______ conversion are concerned with adjectives when converted to nouns.61. An alternative for conversion is _______.。

(完整版)语言学Chapter4Exercises含答案.docx

Chapter 4From Word to TextI. Decide whether each of the following statements is true or false:1.Grammatical sentences are formed following a set ofsyntactic rules.2.The syntactic rules of any language are finite in number, but thereis no limit to the number of sentences native speakers ofthat language are able to produce and comprehend.3.An endocentric construction is also known as headed constructionbecause it has just one head4.Constituents that can be substituted for one another without lossof grammaticality belong to the same syntactic category.5.In English syntactic analysis, four phrasal categories arecommonly recognized and discussed, namely, noun phrase,verb phrase, infinitive phrase, and auxiliary phrase.6.Number and gender are categories of noun and pronoun.7.Word order plays an important role in the organization ofEnglish sentences.8.Like English, modern Chinese is a SVO language.9.In English the subject usually precedes the verb and thedirect object usually follows the verb.10. A noun phrase must contain a noun, but other elements are optional.( 1-5 TTFTF6-10 TTTTT)II.Fill in each of the following blanks with one word which begins with the letter given:1 A s________ is a structurally in dependent unit that usuallycomprises a number of words to form a complete statement,question or command2.A clause that takes a subject and a finite verb, and at the sametime structurally alone is known as an f__________ clause 3.The part of a sentence which comprises a finite verb or a verbphrase and which says something about the subject isgrammatically called p_________.4. A c_________ sentence contains two, or more, clauses, oneof which is incorporated into the other.5.In the complex sentence, the incorporated or subordinate clauseis normally called an e_______ clause.6.Major lexical categories are o___ categories in the sensethat new words are constantly added.7.G_________ relations refer to the structural and logicalfunctional relations between every noun phrase and sentence 8. A a__________ sentence consists of a single clause which contains a subject and a predicate and stands alone as its own sentence.9. A s__________ is a structurally independent unit that usually comprises a number of words to form a complete statement, question or command.10. A s__________ may be a noun or a noun phrase in a sentence that usually precedes the predicate.Answers:1.sentence2. finite3.predicate4. complex5. embedded6.open7. grammatical8.simple9. sentence10. subjectIII.There are four given choices for each statement below.Mark the choice that can best complete the statement :1The head of the phrase“ the city Rome” is__________A the cityB RomeC cityD the city and Rome2. A __________ in the embedded clause refers to the introductory word that introduces the embedded clause.A. coordinatorB. particleC.PrepositionD. subordinator3Phrase structure rules have ____ properties.A. recursiveB. grammaticalC. socialD. functional4.Phrase structure rules allow us to better understand_____________.A.how words and phrases form sentences.B.what constitutes the grammaticality of strings of wordsC.how people produce and recognize possible sentencesD.All of the above.5The phrase “ on the halfA endocentric B” belongs to ________construction exocentric C subordinate Dcoordinate6. The theory of case condition accounts for the fact that __________.A.noun phrases appear only in subject and object positions.B.noun phrases can be used to modify another nounphraseC.noun phrase can be used in adverbial positionsD.noun phrase can be moved to any place if necessary.7The sentence structure is ________.A. only linearB. Only hierarchicalC. compelD. both linear and hierarchical8.The syntactic rules of any language are ____ in number.A. largeB. smallC. finiteD. infinite9.The ________ rules are the rules that group words and phrasesto form grammatical sentences.A. lexicalB. morphologicalC. linguisticD. combinational10The sentence “ They were wanted to remain quiet and not to expose themselves ” is a____________sentenceA simpleB coordinateC compound DcomplexAnswers:1 D2 D 3. A 4 D 5 B 6 A 7 D 8 C 9 D10 AIV . Explain the following terms, using examples.1.Syntax2.IC analysis3.Hierarchical structureAnswers :1.Syntax: Syntax refers to the rules governing the way words arecombined to form sentences in a language, or simply, the study of the formation of sentences.2.IC analysis: Immediate constituent analysis, IC analysis for short,refers to the analysis of a sentence in terms of its immediateconstituents –word groups (phrases), which are in turn analyzed into the immediate constituents of their own, and the process goes on until the ultimate sake of convenience.3.Hierarchical structure: It is the sentence structure that groupswords into structural constituents and shows the syntacticcategory of each structural constituent, such as NP, VP and PP.V.Answer the following questions:1.What are the major types of sentences? Illustrate themwith examples.2.What are endocentric construction and exocentric construction?3.Draw a tree diagram according to the PS rules to show the deep structure of the sentence:The child asked for a new book4.What are the major types of sentences according to traditional approach? Illustrate them with examples ？Answers :1. Traditionally, there are three major types of sentences. They are simple sentence, coordinate( compound) sentence, and complex sentence. A simple sentence consists of a single clause which contains a subject and a predicate and stands alone as its own sentence, for example: John reads extensively. A coordinate sentence contains two clauses joined by a linking word that is called coordinating conjunction, such as "and", "but", "or". For example: John is reading a linguistic book, and Mary is preparing for her history exam. A complex sentence contains two, or more, clauses, one of which is incorporated into the other. The two clauses in a complex sentence do not have equal status, one is subordinate to the other. For example: Before John gave her a lecture, Mary showed no interest in linguistics.2.An endocentric construction is one whose distribution is functionally equivalent, or approaching equivalence, to one of its constituents, which serves as the center, or head, of the whole.A typical example is the three small children with children as its head. The exocentric construction, opposite to the first type, is defined negatively as a construction whose distribution is not functionally equivalent to any of itsconstituents. Prepositional phrasal like on the shelf are typical examples of this type.3.略4.Traditionally, there are three major types of sentences. They aresimple sentence, coordinate( compound) sentence, and complex sentence. A simple sentence consists of a single clause which contains a subject and a predicate and stands alone as its own sentence, for example: John reads extensively. A coordinatesentence contains two clauses joined by a linking word that iscalled coordinating conjunction, such as "and","but", "or". For example: John is reading a linguistic book, and Mary is preparing for her history exam. A complex sentence contains two, or more, clauses, one of which is incorporated into the other. The two clauses in a complex sentence do not have equal status, one is subordinate to the other. For example: Before John gave her a lecture, Mary showed no interest in linguistics.。

语言学chapter4习题

语⾔学chapter4习题Chapter 4 SyntaxMultiple Choice1. The sentence structure is ________.A. only linearB. only hierarchicalC. complexD. both linear and hierarchical2. A __________ in the embedded clause refers to the introductory word that introduces the embedded clause.A. coordinatorB. particleC. prepositionD. subordinator3. Phrase structure rules have ____ properties.A. recursiveB. grammaticalC. socialD. functional4. The head of the phrase “the city Rome” is __________.A. the cityB. RomeC. cityD. the city Rome5. The phrase “on the shelf” belongs to __________ construction.A. endocentricB. exocentricC. subordinateD. coordinate6. The sentence “They were wanted to remain quiet and not to expose themselves.” is a __________ sentence.A. simpleB. coordinateC. compoundD. complex7. In the sentence “Mary gave a book to him”, “him” is with a(n) _________ case.A. accusativeD. nominative8. The relation between any two words in “What a nice day!” is known as ___________.A. choice relationB. paradigmatic relationC. vertical relationD. syntagmatic relation9. __________is mostly a category of the noun and pronoun.A. GenderB. TenseC. AspectD. Number10. Paradigmatic relation is known as _______________.A. horizontal relationB. chain relationC. choice relationD. semantic relation11. Which of the following phrases is exocentric?A. a clever girlB. an ugly manC. in timeD. fork and knife12. refers to the relations holding between elements replaceable with each at particular place in structure, or between one element present and the others absent.A. Syntagmatic relationB. Paradigmatic relationC. Co-occurrence relationD. Exocentric relation13. ______ is a grammatical category used for the analysis of word classes displaying such contrasts as masculine: feminine: neuter, animate: inanimate, etc.A. CaseB. GenderC. NumberD. Category14. Syntactically, English is an example of ________ language.C. SOVD. OSV15. What is the construction of the sentence “The boy smiled”?A. ExocentricB. EndocentricC. CoordinateD. Subordinate16. the relation between elements that form part of the same form, sequence, construction, etc. e.g between s, p and r in a form such as spring, or between a subject and a verb in constructions such Bill hunts is called .A. syntagmatic relationB. paradigmatic relationC. positional relationD. relation of substitutabilityFill in each blank below with one word which begins with the letter given:1. A __________ sentence consists of a single clause which contains a subject and a predicate and stands alone as its own sentence.2. A __________ is a structurally independent unit that usually comprises a number of words to form a complete statement, question or command.3. A __________ may be a noun or a noun phrase in a sentence that usually precedes the predicate.4. The part of a sentence which comprises a finite verb or a verb phrase and which says something about the subject is grammatically called __________.5. In the complex sentence, the incorporated or subordinate clause is normally called an __________ clause.6. construction usually includes basic sentence, prepositional phrase, predicate (verb + object) construction, and connective (be complement) construction.7. IC is the short form of immediate used in the study of syntax.8. A sentence contains two clauses joined by a linking word, such as "and", "but", "or".Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement.1. In a complex sentence, the two clauses hold unequal status, one subordinating the other.2. Constituents that can be substituted for one another without loss of grammaticality belong to the same syntactic category.3. In English syntactic analysis, four phrasal categories are commonly recognized and discussed, namely, noun phrase, verb phrase, infinitive phrase, and auxiliary phrase.4. In English the subject usually precedes the verb and the direct object usually follows the verb.5. A noun phrase must contain a noun, but other elements are optional.6. Syntax is a subfield of linguistics that studies the sentence structure of language, including the combination of morphemes into words.7. In the phrase “in the near future”, the word “future” is head.8. Words like “actor”and “actress” manifest that grammatical gender strictly corresponds to biological gender.9. Paradigmatic relation in syntax is alternatively called horizontal relation.10.“The student” in the sentence “The student liked the linguistic lecture.”, and “The linguistic lecture” in the sentence “The linguistic lecture liked the student.” belong to the same syntactic category.Define the following terms1. Syntax2. IC analysisAnswer the following questions.1.What are endocentric construction and exocentric construction? （武汉⼤学，2004）2.Distinguish the two possible meanings of “more beautiful flowers” by means of IC analysis. （北京第⼆外国语⼤学，2004）3. Suggest a tree diagram of the sentence The little girl ran into the garden. The student wrote a letter yesterday. Examine each of the following sentences and indicate if it is a simple, coordinate, complex or compound complex sentences:（1）Jane did it because she was asked to.（2）The soldiers were warned to remain hidden and not to expose themselves.（3）David was never there, but his brother was. （4）She leads a tranquil life in the country. （5）Unless I hear from her, I won’t leave this town..Draw on your linguistic knowledge of English and paraphrase each of the following sentences in two different ways to show how syntactic rules account for the ambiguity of sentences:（1）After a two-day debate, they finally decided on the helicopter.（2）The little girl saw the big man with the telescope.(3) The shooting of the hunters might be terrible.(4) He saw young men and women present.。

Chapter 4-1

assess their work?
5. How does the teacher view input, intake & output?
2. Do Ss have opportunities to use the target language in the
classroom interactions? How it goes in the process of reading & writing? 3. How does the teacher help Ss find out the reason to read? 4. How do Ss feel when they make the “bookmarks” &
Sample Lesson 4
-- Lesson 2, JEFC Book 3
In the Library This is a reading lesson for Junior 3 Ss, Term 1. The topic is “In the Library”. It is a short story about an old woman who lost library books. In the reading-oriented lesson, the teacher wants students to practise and use English to do something in relation to their real life.
Functions of Output – by Swain 1995
The noticing function
When learners produce language, they will notice grammar rules in using the language. Their notice of language forms triggers the cognitive process.

《旅游英语视听说》Chapter 4 (1)

Because this is an international flight, all passengers must clear US immigration, claim their baggage and clear US customs in San Francisco.
2.Have your passport and completed travel documents
U.S. officers upon exiting the U.S.
• 4.__F___ You have to fill in both sides of the form. • 5.__T___ All laptop computers and other electronic
devices should be turned off when approaching the destination.
• 2.__T___ Flight attendants distribute forms to
passengers except American citizen and green card holders.
• 3.__T___ A departure coupon must be returned to the
• If you need help completing the forms, please ask your flight attendant or United Airlines representative for assistance.
• After clearing the immigration, proceed to the baggage claim area to reclaim your baggage.

米什金货币金融学英文版习题答案chapter 4英文习题

Economics of Money, Banking, and Financial Markets, 11e, Global Edition (Mishkin) Chapter 4 The Meaning of Interest Rates4.1 Measuring Interest Rates1) The concept of ________ is based on the common-sense notion that a dollar paid to you in the future is less valuable to you than a dollar today.A) present valueB) future valueC) interestD) deflationAnswer: AAACSB: Application of Knowledge2) The present value of an expected future payment ________ as the interest rate increases.A) fallsB) risesC) is constantD) is unaffectedAnswer: AAACSB: Reflective Thinking3) An increase in the time to the promised future payment ________ the present value of the payment.A) decreasesB) increasesC) has no effect onD) is irrelevant toAnswer: AAACSB: Reflective Thinking4) With an interest rate of 6 percent, the present value of $100 next year is approximatelyA) $106.B) $100.C) $94.D) $92.Answer: CAACSB: Analytical Thinking5) What is the present value of $500.00 to be paid in two years if the interest rate is 5 percent?A) $453.51B) $500.00C) $476.25D) $550.00Answer: AAACSB: Analytical Thinking6) If a security pays $55 in one year and $133 in three years, its present value is $150 if the interest rate isA) 5 percent.B) 10 percent.C) 12.5 percent.D) 15 percent.Answer: BAACSB: Analytical Thinking7) To claim that a lottery winner who is to receive $1 million per year for twenty years has won $20 million ignores the process ofA) face value.B) par value.C) deflation.D) discounting the future.Answer: DAACSB: Analytical Thinking8) A credit market instrument that provides the borrower with an amount of funds that must be repaid at the maturity date along with an interest payment is known as aA) simple loan.B) fixed-payment loan.C) coupon bond.D) discount bond.Answer: AAACSB: Application of Knowledge9) A credit market instrument that requires the borrower to make the same payment every period until the maturity date is known as aA) simple loan.B) fixed-payment loan.C) coupon bond.D) discount bond.Answer: BAACSB: Application of Knowledge10) Which of the following are TRUE of fixed payment loans?A) The borrower repays both the principal and interest at the maturity date.B) Installment loans and mortgages are frequently of the fixed payment type.C) The borrower pays interest periodically and the principal at the maturity date.D) Commercial loans to businesses are often of this type.Answer: BAACSB: Reflective Thinking11) A fully amortized loan is another name forA) a simple loan.B) a fixed-payment loan.C) a commercial loan.D) an unsecured loan.Answer: BAACSB: Application of Knowledge12) A credit market instrument that pays the owner a fixed coupon payment every year until the maturity date and then repays the face value is called aA) simple loan.B) fixed-payment loan.C) coupon bond.D) discount bond.Answer: CAACSB: Application of Knowledge13) A ________ pays the owner a fixed coupon payment every year until the maturity date, when the ________ value is repaid.A) coupon bond; discountB) discount bond; discountC) coupon bond; faceD) discount bond; faceAnswer: CAACSB: Analytical Thinking14) The ________ is the final amount that will be paid to the holder of a coupon bond.A) discount valueB) coupon valueC) face valueD) present valueAnswer: CAACSB: Application of Knowledge15) When talking about a coupon bond, face value and ________ mean the same thing.A) par valueB) coupon valueC) amortized valueD) discount valueAnswer: AAACSB: Application of Knowledge16) The dollar amount of the yearly coupon payment expressed as a percentage of the face value of the bond is called the bond'sA) coupon rate.B) maturity rate.C) face value rate.D) payment rate.Answer: AAACSB: Application of Knowledge17) The ________ is calculated by multiplying the coupon rate times the par value of the bond.A) present valueB) face valueC) coupon paymentD) maturity paymentAnswer: CAACSB: Analytical Thinking18) If a $1000 face value coupon bond has a coupon rate of 3.75 percent, then the coupon payment every year isA) $37.50.B) $3.75.C) $375.00.D) $13.75Answer: AAACSB: Analytical Thinking19) If a $5,000 coupon bond has a coupon rate of 13 percent, then the coupon payment every year isA) $650.B) $1,300.C) $130.D) $13.Answer: AAACSB: Analytical Thinking20) An $8,000 coupon bond with a $400 coupon payment every year has a coupon rate ofA) 5 percent.B) 8 percent.C) 10 percent.D) 40 percent.Answer: AAACSB: Analytical Thinking21) A $1000 face value coupon bond with a $60 coupon payment every year has a coupon rate ofA) .6 percent.B) 5 percent.C) 6 percent.D) 10 percent.Answer: CAACSB: Analytical Thinking22) All of the following are examples of coupon bonds EXCEPTA) corporate bonds.B) U.S. Treasury bills.C) U.S. Treasury notes.D) U.S. Treasury bonds.Answer: BAACSB: Analytical Thinking23) A bond that is bought at a price below its face value and the face value is repaid at a maturity date is called aA) simple loan.B) fixed-payment loan.C) coupon bond.D) discount bond.Answer: DAACSB: Application of Knowledge24) A ________ is bought at a price below its face value, and the ________ value is repaid at the maturity date.A) coupon bond; discountB) discount bond; discountC) coupon bond; faceD) discount bond; faceAnswer: DAACSB: Analytical Thinking25) A discount bondA) pays the bondholder a fixed amount every period and the face value at maturity.B) pays the bondholder the face value at maturity.C) pays all interest and the face value at maturity.D) pays the face value at maturity plus any capital gain.Answer: BAACSB: Reflective Thinking26) Examples of discount bonds includeA) U.S. Treasury bills.B) corporate bonds.C) U.S. Treasury notes.D) municipal bonds.Answer: AAACSB: Analytical Thinking27) Which of the following are TRUE for discount bonds?A) A discount bond is bought at par.B) The purchaser receives the face value of the bond at the maturity date.C) U.S. Treasury bonds and notes are examples of discount bonds.D) The purchaser receives the par value at maturity plus any capital gains.Answer: BAACSB: Reflective Thinking28) The interest rate that equates the present value of payments received from a debt instrument with its value today is theA) simple interest rate.B) current yield.C) yield to maturity.D) real interest rate.Answer: CAACSB: Application of Knowledge29) Economists consider the ________ to be the most accurate measure of interest rates.A) simple interest rate.B) current yield.C) yield to maturity.D) real interest rate.Answer: CAACSB: Reflective Thinking30) For simple loans, the simple interest rate is ________ the yield to maturity.A) greater thanB) less thanC) equal toD) not comparable toAnswer: CAACSB: Application of Knowledge31) If the amount payable in two years is $2420 for a simple loan at 10 percent interest, the loan amount isA) $1000.B) $1210.C) $2000.D) $2200.Answer: CAACSB: Analytical Thinking32) For a 3-year simple loan of $10,000 at 10 percent, the amount to be repaid isA) $10,030.B) $10,300.C) $13,000.D) $13,310.Answer: DAACSB: Analytical Thinking33) If $22,050 is the amount payable in two years for a $20,000 simple loan made today, the interest rate isA) 5 percent.B) 10 percent.C) 22 percent.D) 25 percent.Answer: AAACSB: Analytical Thinking34) If a security pays $110 next year and $121 the year after that, what is its yield to maturity if it sells for $200?A) 9 percentB) 10 percentC) 11 percentD) 12 percentAnswer: BAACSB: Analytical Thinking35) The present value of a fixed-payment loan is calculated as the ________ of the present value of all cash flow payments.A) sumB) differenceC) multipleD) logAnswer: AAACSB: Analytical Thinking36) Which of the following are TRUE for a coupon bond?A) When the coupon bond is priced at its face value, the yield to maturity equals the coupon rate.B) The price of a coupon bond and the yield to maturity are positively related.C) The yield to maturity is greater than the coupon rate when the bond price is above the par value.D) The yield is less than the coupon rate when the bond price is below the par value. Answer: AAACSB: Reflective Thinking37) The ________ of a coupon bond and the yield to maturity are inversely related.A) priceB) par valueC) maturity dateD) termAnswer: AAACSB: Reflective Thinking38) The price of a coupon bond and the yield to maturity are ________ related; that is, as the yield to maturity ________, the price of the bond ________.A) positively; rises; risesB) negatively; falls; fallsC) positively; rises; fallsD) negatively; rises; fallsAnswer: DAACSB: Reflective Thinking39) The yield to maturity is ________ than the ________ rate when the bond price is ________ its face value.A) greater; coupon; aboveB) greater; coupon; belowC) greater; perpetuity; aboveD) less; perpetuity; belowAnswer: BAACSB: Reflective Thinking40) The ________ is below the coupon rate when the bond price is ________ its par value.A) yield to maturity; aboveB) yield to maturity; belowC) discount rate; aboveD) discount rate; belowAnswer: AAACSB: Reflective Thinking41) A $10,000 8 percent coupon bond that sells for $10,000 has a yield to maturity ofA) 8 percent.B) 10 percent.C) 12 percent.D) 14 percent.Answer: AAACSB: Analytical Thinking42) Which of the following $1,000 face-value securities has the highest yield to maturity?A) a 5 percent coupon bond selling for $1,000B) a 10 percent coupon bond selling for $1,000C) a 12 percent coupon bond selling for $1,000D) a 12 percent coupon bond selling for $1,100Answer: CAACSB: Analytical Thinking43) Which of the following $5,000 face-value securities has the highest yield to maturity?A) a 6 percent coupon bond selling for $5,000B) a 6 percent coupon bond selling for $5,500C) a 10 percent coupon bond selling for $5,000D) a 12 percent coupon bond selling for $4,500Answer: DAACSB: Analytical Thinking44) Which of the following $1,000 face-value securities has the highest yield to maturity?A) a 5 percent coupon bond with a price of $600B) a 5 percent coupon bond with a price of $800C) a 5 percent coupon bond with a price of $1,000D) a 5 percent coupon bond with a price of $1,200Answer: AAACSB: Analytical Thinking45) Which of the following $1,000 face-value securities has the lowest yield to maturity?A) a 5 percent coupon bond selling for $1,000B) a 10 percent coupon bond selling for $1,000C) a 15 percent coupon bond selling for $1,000D) a 15 percent coupon bond selling for $900Answer: AAACSB: Analytical Thinking46) Which of the following bonds would you prefer to be buying?A) a $10,000 face-value security with a 10 percent coupon selling for $9,000B) a $10,000 face-value security with a 7 percent coupon selling for $10,000C) a $10,000 face-value security with a 9 percent coupon selling for $10,000D) a $10,000 face-value security with a 10 percent coupon selling for $10,000 Answer: AAACSB: Analytical Thinking47) A coupon bond that has no maturity date and no repayment of principal is called a。

语言学Chapter4课后练习答案(20200602074319)

Chapter 4 Revision Exercises1. What is syntax?Syntax is a branch of linguistics that studies how words are combined to form sentences and the rules that govern the formation of sentences.2. What is phrase structure rule?The grammatical mechanism that regulates the arrangement of elements (i.e. specifiers, heads, and complements) that make up a phrase is called a phrase structure rule.The phrase structural rule for NP, VP, AP, and PP can be written as follows: NP→(Det) N (PP) ...VP→(Qual) V (NP) ...AP→(Deg) A (PP) ...PP→(Deg) P (NP) ...We can formulate a single general phrasal structural rule in which X stands for the head N, V, A or P.The XP rule: XP→(specifier) X (complement)3. What is category? How to determine a word’s category?Category refers to a group of linguistic items which fulfill the same or similar functions in a particular language such as a sentence, a noun phrase or a verb.To determine a word's category, three criteria are usually employed, namely meaning, inflection and distribution. The most reliable of determining a word’s category is its distribution.4. What is coordinate structure and what properties does it have?The structure formed by joining two or more elements of the same type with the help of a conjunction is called coordinate structure.It has four important properties:1)there is no limit on the number of coordinated categories that can appearprior to the conjunction.2) a category at any level a head or an entire XP can be coordinated.3)coordinated categories must be of the same type.4)the category type of the coordinate phrase is identical to the categorytype of the elements being conjoined.5. What elements does a phrase contain and what role does each element play?A phrase usually contains the following elements: head, specifier and complement. Sometimes it also contains another kind of element termed modifier.The role each element can play:Head:Head is the word around which a phrase is formed.Specifier:Specifier has both special semantic and syntactic roles. Semantically, it helps to make more precise the meaning of the head. Syntactically, it typically marks a phrase boundary.Complement:Complements are themselves phrases and provide information about entities and locations whose existence is implied by the meaning of the head.Modifier:Modifiers specify optionally expressible properties of the heads.6. What is deep structure and what is surface structure?There are two levels of syntactic structure. The first, formed by the XP rule in accordance with the head's subcategorization properties, is called deep structure (or D-structure). The second, corresponding to the final syntactic form of the sentence which results from appropriate transformations, is called surface structure (or S-structure).7. Indicate the category of each word in the following sentences.a) The old lady got off the bus carefully.Det A N V P Det N Advb) The car suddenly crashed onto the river bank.Det N Adv V P Det Nc) The blinding snowstorm might delay the opening of the schools.Det A N Aux V Det N P Det Nd) This cloth feels quite soft.Det N V Deg A8. The following phrases include a head, a complement, and a specifier. Draw the appropriate tree structure for each phrase.a) rich in mineralsAPA PPrich in mineralsb) often read detective storiesVPQual V NPoften read detective storiesc) the argument against the proposalsNPDet N PPthe argument against the proposals d) already above the windowPPDeg P NPalready above the window9. The following sentences contain modifiers of various types. For each sentences, first identify the modifier(s), then draw the tree sentences.a) A crippled passenger landed the airplane with extreme caution. Modifiers: crippled(AdjP), with extreme caution(PP)SNP Infl VPAPDet A N Pst V NPDet N PPP NPAP NAA crippled passenger landed the airplane with extreme cautionb) A huge moon hung in the black sky.Modifiers: huge(AdjP), in the black sky(PP)SNP Infl VPDet AP N Pst V PPA P NPDet AP NA huge moon hung in the black skyc) The man examined his car carefully yesterday.Modifiers: carefully(AdvP), yesterday(AdvP)SNP Infl VPDet N Pst V NP AdvPDet N AdvP AdvAdv The man examined his car carefully yesterdayd) A wooden hut near the lake collapsed in the storm.Modifiers: wooden(AdjP), in the storm(PP)SNP Infl VPDet AP N PP Pst V PPA P NP P NPDet N Det NA wooden hut near the lake collapsed in the storm10. The following sentences all contain conjoined categories. Draw a tree structure for each of the sentences.a) Jim has washed the dirty shirts and pants.SNP Infl VPN V NPDet AP N Con NAJim has washed the dirty shirts and pantsb) Helen put on her clothes and went out.SNP Infl VPN Pst V PP Con V PPP NP PDet NHelen put on her clothes and went outc) Mary is fond of literature but tired of statistics.SNP Infl VPN Pre V AP Con APA PP A PPP NP P NPN N Mary is fond of literature but tired of statistics11. The following sentences all contain embedded clauses that function as complements of a verb, an adjective, a preposition or a noun. Draw a tree structure for each sentence.a) You know that I hate war.SNP Infl VPN Pre V NPCPC SNP Infl VPNP N Pre V NPN You know that I hate war b) Gerry believes the fact that Anna flunked the English exam.SNP Infl VPN Pre V NPDet N CP-C SNP Infl VPNP N Pst V NPDet AP NAGerry believes the fact that Anna flunked the English examc) Chris was happy that his father bought him a Rolls-Royce.SNP Infl VPN Pst V APA CPC SNP NP Infl VPDet N Pst V NPN Det N Chris was happy that his father bought him aRoll-Royced) The children argued over whether bats had wings.SNP Infl VPDet N Pst V PPP CPC SNP Infl VPN Plu V NPNThe children argued over whether bats had wings 12. Each of the following sentences contains a relative clause. Draw the deep structure and the surface structure for each of these sentences.a) The essay that he wrote was excellent.Deep Structure:CPC SNP Infl VPDet N CP Pst V APC S Aux ANP Infl VPN Pst V NPNThe essay he wrote that was excellent Surface Structure:CPC SNP Infl VPDet N CP Pst V APC S Aux ANP NP Infl VPN N Pst V NPNThe essay that he wrote e was excellentb) Herbert bought a house that she loved.Deep Structure:CPC SNP Infl VPN Pst V NPDet N CPC SNP Infl VPN Pst V NPN Herbert bought a house she loved thatSurface Structure: CPC SNP Infl VPN Pst V NPDet N CPC SNP NP Infl VPN N Pst V NPN Herbert bought a house that she lovedec) The girl whom he adores majors in linguistics.Deep Structure:CPC SNP Infl VPDet N CP Pre V PPC S P NPNP Infl VP NN Pre V NPNThe girl he adores whom majors in linguisticsSurface Structure:CPC SNP Infl VPDet N CP Pre V PPNP C S P NPNP Infl VP NN N Pre V NPNThe girl whom he adores e majors in linguistics13. The derivations of the following sentences involve the inversion transformation. Give the deep structure and the surface structure of each sentence.a) Would you come tomorrow?Deep Structure:CPC SNP Infl VPN Aux V AdvPAdvYou would come tomorrowSurface Structure:CPC SInfl NP Infl VPAux N Aux V AdvPAdvWould You e come tomorrowb) What did Helen bring to the party?Deep Structure:CPC SNP Infl VPN Pst V NPN PPP Det NPNHelen did bring what to the party Surface Structure: CPC SNP Infl NP Infl VPN Pst N Pst V NPN PPP Det NPN What did Helen e bring e to the partyc) Who broke the window?Deep Structure:CPC SNP Infl VPN Pst V NPDet NWho broke the windowSurface Structure: CPC SNP NP Infl VPN N Pst V NPDet N Who e broke the window。

货币金融学第四章 chapter-4 英文习题

Economics of Money, Banking, and Financial Markets, 11e, Global Edition (Mishkin) Chapter 4 The Meaning of Interest Rates4.1 Measuring Interest Rates1) The concept of ________ is based on the common-sense notion that a dollar paid to you in the future is less valuable to you than a dollar today.A) present valueB) future valueC) interestD) deflationAnswer: AAACSB: Application of Knowledge2) The present value of an expected future payment ________ as the interest rate increases.A) fallsB) risesC) is constantD) is unaffectedAnswer: AAACSB: Reflective Thinking3) An increase in the time to the promised future payment ________ the present value of the payment.A) decreasesB) increasesC) has no effect onD) is irrelevant toAnswer: AAACSB: Reflective Thinking4) With an interest rate of 6 percent, the present value of $100 next year is approximatelyA) $106.B) $100.C) $94.D) $92.Answer: CAACSB: Analytical Thinking5) What is the present value of $500.00 to be paid in two years if the interest rate is 5 percent?A) $453.51B) $500.00C) $476.25D) $550.00Answer: AAACSB: Analytical Thinking6) If a security pays $55 in one year and $133 in three years, its present value is $150 if the interest rate isA) 5 percent.B) 10 percent.C) 12.5 percent.D) 15 percent.Answer: BAACSB: Analytical Thinking7) To claim that a lottery winner who is to receive $1 million per year for twenty years has won $20 million ignores the process ofA) face value.B) par value.C) deflation.D) discounting the future.Answer: DAACSB: Analytical Thinking8) A credit market instrument that provides the borrower with an amount of funds that must be repaid at the maturity date along with an interest payment is known as aA) simple loan.B) fixed-payment loan.C) coupon bond.D) discount bond.Answer: AAACSB: Application of Knowledge9) A credit market instrument that requires the borrower to make the same payment every period until the maturity date is known as aA) simple loan.B) fixed-payment loan.C) coupon bond.D) discount bond.Answer: BAACSB: Application of Knowledge10) Which of the following are TRUE of fixed payment loans?A) The borrower repays both the principal and interest at the maturity date.B) Installment loans and mortgages are frequently of the fixed payment type.C) The borrower pays interest periodically and the principal at the maturity date.D) Commercial loans to businesses are often of this type.Answer: BAACSB: Reflective Thinking11) A fully amortized loan is another name forA) a simple loan.B) a fixed-payment loan.C) a commercial loan.D) an unsecured loan.Answer: BAACSB: Application of Knowledge12) A credit market instrument that pays the owner a fixed coupon payment every year until the maturity date and then repays the face value is called aA) simple loan.B) fixed-payment loan.C) coupon bond.D) discount bond.Answer: CAACSB: Application of Knowledge13) A ________ pays the owner a fixed coupon payment every year until the maturity date, when the ________ value is repaid.A) coupon bond; discountB) discount bond; discountC) coupon bond; faceD) discount bond; faceAnswer: CAACSB: Analytical Thinking14) The ________ is the final amount that will be paid to the holder of a coupon bond.A) discount valueB) coupon valueC) face valueD) present valueAnswer: CAACSB: Application of Knowledge15) When talking about a coupon bond, face value and ________ mean the same thing.A) par valueB) coupon valueC) amortized valueD) discount valueAnswer: AAACSB: Application of Knowledge16) The dollar amount of the yearly coupon payment expressed as a percentage of the face value of the bond is called the bond'sA) coupon rate.B) maturity rate.C) face value rate.D) payment rate.Answer: AAACSB: Application of Knowledge17) The ________ is calculated by multiplying the coupon rate times the par value of the bond.A) present valueB) face valueC) coupon paymentD) maturity paymentAnswer: CAACSB: Analytical Thinking18) If a $1000 face value coupon bond has a coupon rate of 3.75 percent, then the coupon payment every year isA) $37.50.B) $3.75.C) $375.00.D) $13.75Answer: AAACSB: Analytical Thinking19) If a $5,000 coupon bond has a coupon rate of 13 percent, then the coupon payment every year isA) $650.B) $1,300.C) $130.D) $13.Answer: AAACSB: Analytical Thinking20) An $8,000 coupon bond with a $400 coupon payment every year has a coupon rate ofA) 5 percent.B) 8 percent.C) 10 percent.D) 40 percent.Answer: AAACSB: Analytical Thinking21) A $1000 face value coupon bond with a $60 coupon payment every year has a coupon rate ofA) .6 percent.B) 5 percent.C) 6 percent.D) 10 percent.Answer: CAACSB: Analytical Thinking22) All of the following are examples of coupon bonds EXCEPTA) corporate bonds.B) U.S. Treasury bills.C) U.S. Treasury notes.D) U.S. Treasury bonds.Answer: BAACSB: Analytical Thinking23) A bond that is bought at a price below its face value and the face value is repaid at a maturity date is called aA) simple loan.B) fixed-payment loan.C) coupon bond.D) discount bond.Answer: DAACSB: Application of Knowledge24) A ________ is bought at a price below its face value, and the ________ value is repaid at the maturity date.A) coupon bond; discountB) discount bond; discountC) coupon bond; faceD) discount bond; faceAnswer: DAACSB: Analytical Thinking25) A discount bondA) pays the bondholder a fixed amount every period and the face value at maturity.B) pays the bondholder the face value at maturity.C) pays all interest and the face value at maturity.D) pays the face value at maturity plus any capital gain.Answer: BAACSB: Reflective Thinking26) Examples of discount bonds includeA) U.S. Treasury bills.B) corporate bonds.C) U.S. Treasury notes.D) municipal bonds.Answer: AAACSB: Analytical Thinking27) Which of the following are TRUE for discount bonds?A) A discount bond is bought at par.B) The purchaser receives the face value of the bond at the maturity date.C) U.S. Treasury bonds and notes are examples of discount bonds.D) The purchaser receives the par value at maturity plus any capital gains.Answer: BAACSB: Reflective Thinking28) The interest rate that equates the present value of payments received from a debt instrument with its value today is theA) simple interest rate.B) current yield.C) yield to maturity.D) real interest rate.Answer: CAACSB: Application of Knowledge29) Economists consider the ________ to be the most accurate measure of interest rates.A) simple interest rate.B) current yield.C) yield to maturity.D) real interest rate.Answer: CAACSB: Reflective Thinking30) For simple loans, the simple interest rate is ________ the yield to maturity.A) greater thanB) less thanC) equal toD) not comparable toAnswer: CAACSB: Application of Knowledge31) If the amount payable in two years is $2420 for a simple loan at 10 percent interest, the loan amount isA) $1000.B) $1210.C) $2000.D) $2200.Answer: CAACSB: Analytical Thinking32) For a 3-year simple loan of $10,000 at 10 percent, the amount to be repaid isA) $10,030.B) $10,300.C) $13,000.D) $13,310.Answer: DAACSB: Analytical Thinking33) If $22,050 is the amount payable in two years for a $20,000 simple loan made today, the interest rate isA) 5 percent.B) 10 percent.C) 22 percent.D) 25 percent.Answer: AAACSB: Analytical Thinking34) If a security pays $110 next year and $121 the year after that, what is its yield to maturity if it sells for $200?A) 9 percentB) 10 percentC) 11 percentD) 12 percentAnswer: BAACSB: Analytical Thinking35) The present value of a fixed-payment loan is calculated as the ________ of the present value of all cash flow payments.A) sumB) differenceC) multipleD) logAnswer: AAACSB: Analytical Thinking36) Which of the following are TRUE for a coupon bond?A) When the coupon bond is priced at its face value, the yield to maturity equals the coupon rate.B) The price of a coupon bond and the yield to maturity are positively related.C) The yield to maturity is greater than the coupon rate when the bond price is above the par value.D) The yield is less than the coupon rate when the bond price is below the par value. Answer: AAACSB: Reflective Thinking37) The ________ of a coupon bond and the yield to maturity are inversely related.A) priceB) par valueC) maturity dateD) termAnswer: AAACSB: Reflective Thinking38) The price of a coupon bond and the yield to maturity are ________ related; that is, as the yield to maturity ________, the price of the bond ________.A) positively; rises; risesB) negatively; falls; fallsC) positively; rises; fallsD) negatively; rises; fallsAnswer: DAACSB: Reflective Thinking39) The yield to maturity is ________ than the ________ rate when the bond price is ________ its face value.A) greater; coupon; aboveB) greater; coupon; belowC) greater; perpetuity; aboveD) less; perpetuity; belowAnswer: BAACSB: Reflective Thinking40) The ________ is below the coupon rate when the bond price is ________ its par value.A) yield to maturity; aboveB) yield to maturity; belowC) discount rate; aboveD) discount rate; belowAnswer: AAACSB: Reflective Thinking41) A $10,000 8 percent coupon bond that sells for $10,000 has a yield to maturity ofA) 8 percent.B) 10 percent.C) 12 percent.D) 14 percent.Answer: AAACSB: Analytical Thinking42) Which of the following $1,000 face-value securities has the highest yield to maturity?A) a 5 percent coupon bond selling for $1,000B) a 10 percent coupon bond selling for $1,000C) a 12 percent coupon bond selling for $1,000D) a 12 percent coupon bond selling for $1,100Answer: CAACSB: Analytical Thinking43) Which of the following $5,000 face-value securities has the highest yield to maturity?A) a 6 percent coupon bond selling for $5,000B) a 6 percent coupon bond selling for $5,500C) a 10 percent coupon bond selling for $5,000D) a 12 percent coupon bond selling for $4,500Answer: DAACSB: Analytical Thinking44) Which of the following $1,000 face-value securities has the highest yield to maturity?A) a 5 percent coupon bond with a price of $600B) a 5 percent coupon bond with a price of $800C) a 5 percent coupon bond with a price of $1,000D) a 5 percent coupon bond with a price of $1,200Answer: AAACSB: Analytical Thinking45) Which of the following $1,000 face-value securities has the lowest yield to maturity?A) a 5 percent coupon bond selling for $1,000B) a 10 percent coupon bond selling for $1,000C) a 15 percent coupon bond selling for $1,000D) a 15 percent coupon bond selling for $900Answer: AAACSB: Analytical Thinking46) Which of the following bonds would you prefer to be buying?A) a $10,000 face-value security with a 10 percent coupon selling for $9,000B) a $10,000 face-value security with a 7 percent coupon selling for $10,000C) a $10,000 face-value security with a 9 percent coupon selling for $10,000D) a $10,000 face-value security with a 10 percent coupon selling for $10,000 Answer: AAACSB: Analytical Thinking47) A coupon bond that has no maturity date and no repayment of principal is called aA) consol.B) cabinet.C) Treasury bill.D) Treasury note.Answer: AAACSB: Application of Knowledge48) The price of a consol equals the coupon paymentA) times the interest rate.B) plus the interest rate.C) minus the interest rate.D) divided by the interest rate.Answer: DAACSB: Analytical Thinking49) The interest rate on a consol equals theA) price times the coupon payment.B) price divided by the coupon payment.C) coupon payment plus the price.D) coupon payment divided by the price.Answer: DAACSB: Analytical Thinking50) A consol paying $20 annually when the interest rate is 5 percent has a price ofA) $100.B) $200.C) $400.D) $800.Answer: CAACSB: Analytical Thinking51) If a perpetuity has a price of $500 and an annual interest payment of $25, the interest rate isA) 2.5 percent.B) 5 percent.C) 7.5 percent.D) 10 percent.Answer: BAACSB: Analytical Thinking52) The yield to maturity for a perpetuity is a useful approximation for the yield to maturity on long-term coupon bonds. It is called the ________ when approximating the yield for a coupon bond.A) current yieldB) discount yieldC) future yieldD) star yieldAnswer: AAACSB: Reflective Thinking53) The yield to maturity for a one-year discount bond equals the increase in price over the year, divided by theA) initial price.B) face value.C) interest rate.D) coupon rate.Answer: AAACSB: Analytical Thinking54) If a $10,000 face-value discount bond maturing in one year is selling for $5,000, then its yield to maturity isA) 5 percent.B) 10 percent.C) 50 percent.D) 100 percent.Answer: DAACSB: Analytical Thinking55) If a $5,000 face-value discount bond maturing in one year is selling for $5,000, then its yield to maturity isA) 0 percent.B) 5 percent.C) 10 percent.D) 20 percent.Answer: AAACSB: Analytical Thinking56) A discount bond selling for $15,000 with a face value of $20,000 in one year has a yield to maturity ofA) 3 percent.B) 20 percent.C) 25 percent.D) 33.3 percent.Answer: DAACSB: Analytical Thinking57) The yield to maturity for a discount bond is ________ related to the current bond price.A) negativelyB) positivelyC) notD) directlyAnswer: AAACSB: Reflective Thinking58) A discount bond is also called a ________ because the owner does not receive periodic payments.A) zero-coupon bondB) municipal bondC) corporate bondD) consolAnswer: AAACSB: Application of Knowledge59) Another name for a consol is a ________ because it is a bond with no maturity date. The owner receives fixed coupon payments forever.A) perpetuityB) discount bondC) municipalityD) high-yield bondAnswer: AAACSB: Application of Knowledge60) If the interest rate is 5%, what is the present value of a security that pays you $1, 050 next year and $1,102.50 two years from now? If this security sold for $2200, is the yield to maturity greater or less than 5%? Why?Answer: PV = $1,050/(1. +.05) + $1,102.50/(1 + 0.5)2PV = $2,000If this security sold for $2200, the yield to maturity is less than 5%. The lower the interest rate the higher the present value.AACSB: Analytical Thinking4.2 The Distinction Between Interest Rates and Returns1) The ________ is defined as the payments to the owner plus the change in a security's value expressed as a fraction of the security's purchase price.A) yield to maturityB) current yieldC) rate of returnD) yield rateAnswer: CAACSB: Application of Knowledge2) Which of the following are TRUE concerning the distinction between interest rates and returns?A) The rate of return on a bond will not necessarily equal the interest rate on that bond.B) The return can be expressed as the difference between the current yield and the rate of capital gains.C) The rate of return will be greater than the interest rate when the price of the bond falls during the holding period.D) The return can be expressed as the sum of the discount yield and the rate of capital gains. Answer: AAACSB: Reflective Thinking3) The sum of the current yield and the rate of capital gain is called theA) rate of return.B) discount yield.C) perpetuity yield.D) par value.Answer: AAACSB: Analytical Thinking4) What is the return on a 5 percent coupon bond that initially sells for $1,000 and sells for $1,200 next year?A) 5 percentB) 10 percentC) -5 percentD) 25 percentAnswer: DAACSB: Analytical Thinking5) What is the return on a 5 percent coupon bond that initially sells for $1,000 and sells for $900 next year?A) 5 percentB) 10 percentC) -5 percentD) -10 percentAnswer: CAACSB: Analytical Thinking6) The return on a 5 percent coupon bond that initially sells for $1,000 and sells for $950 next year isA) -10 percent.B) -5 percent.C) 0 percent.D) 5 percent.Answer: CAACSB: Analytical Thinking7) Suppose you are holding a 5 percent coupon bond maturing in one year with a yield to maturity of 15 percent. If the interest rate on one-year bonds rises from 15 percent to 20 percent over the course of the year, what is the yearly return on the bond you are holding?A) 5 percentB) 10 percentC) 15 percentD) 20 percentAnswer: CAACSB: Analytical Thinking8) I purchase a 10 percent coupon bond. Based on my purchase price, I calculate a yield to maturity of 8 percent. If I hold this bond to maturity, then my return on this asset isA) 10 percent.B) 8 percent.C) 12 percent.D) there is not enough information to determine the return.Answer: BAACSB: Analytical Thinking9) If the interest rates on all bonds rise from 5 to 6 percent over the course of the year, which bond would you prefer to have been holding?A) a bond with one year to maturityB) a bond with five years to maturityC) a bond with ten years to maturityD) a bond with twenty years to maturityAnswer: AAACSB: Analytical Thinking10) An equal decrease in all bond interest ratesA) increases the price of a five-year bond more than the price of a ten-year bond.B) increases the price of a ten-year bond more than the price of a five-year bond.C) decreases the price of a five-year bond more than the price of a ten-year bond.D) decreases the price of a ten-year bond more than the price of a five-year bond.Answer: BAACSB: Analytical Thinking11) An equal increase in all bond interest ratesA) increases the return to all bond maturities by an equal amount.B) decreases the return to all bond maturities by an equal amount.C) has no effect on the returns to bonds.D) decreases long-term bond returns more than short-term bond returns.Answer: DAACSB: Analytical Thinking12) Which of the following are generally TRUE of bonds?A) A bond's return equals the yield to maturity when the time to maturity is the same as the holding period.B) A rise in interest rates is associated with a fall in bond prices, resulting in capital gains on bonds whose terms to maturity are longer than the holding periods.C) The longer a bond's maturity, the smaller is the size of the price change associated with an interest rate change.D) Prices and returns for short-term bonds are more volatile than those for longer-term bonds. Answer: AAACSB: Reflective Thinking13) Which of the following are generally TRUE of all bonds?A) The longer a bond's maturity, the greater is the rate of return that occurs as a result of the increase in the interest rate.B) Even though a bond has a substantial initial interest rate, its return can turn out to be negative if interest rates rise.C) Prices and returns for short-term bonds are more volatile than those for longer term bonds.D) A fall in interest rates results in capital losses for bonds whose terms to maturity are longer than the holding period.Answer: BAACSB: Reflective Thinking14) The riskiness of an asset's returns due to changes in interest rates isA) exchange-rate risk.B) price risk.C) asset risk.D) interest-rate risk.Answer: DAACSB: Application of Knowledge15) Interest-rate risk is the riskiness of an asset's returns due toA) interest-rate changes.B) changes in the coupon rate.C) default of the borrower.D) changes in the asset's maturity.Answer: AAACSB: Application of Knowledge16) Prices and returns for ________ bonds are more volatile than those for ________ bonds, everything else held constant.A) long-term; long-termB) long-term; short-termC) short-term; long-termD) short-term; short-termAnswer: BAACSB: Reflective Thinking7) There is ________ for any bond whose time to maturity matches the holding period.A) no interest-rate riskB) a large interest-rate riskC) rate-of-return riskD) yield-to-maturity riskAnswer: AAACSB: Analytical Thinking18) All bonds that will not be held to maturity have interest rate risk which occurs because of the change in the price of the bond as a result ofA) interest-rate changes.B) changes in the coupon rate.C) default of the borrower.D) changes in the asset's maturity date.Answer: AAACSB: Application of Knowledge19) Your favorite uncle advises you to purchase long-term bonds because their interest rate is 10%. Should you follow his advice?Answer: It depends on where you think interest rates are headed in the future. If you think interest rates will be going up, you should not follow your uncle's advice because you would then have to discount your bond if you needed to sell it before the maturity date. Long-term bonds have a greater interest-rate risk.AACSB: Reflective Thinking4.3 The Distinction Between Real and Nominal Interest Rates1) The ________ interest rate is adjusted for expected changes in the price level.A) ex ante realB) ex post realC) ex post nominalD) ex ante nominalAnswer: AAACSB: Application of Knowledge2) The ________ interest rate more accurately reflects the true cost of borrowing.A) nominalB) realC) discountD) marketAnswer: BAACSB: Analytical Thinking3) The nominal interest rate minus the expected rate of inflationA) defines the real interest rate.B) is a less accurate measure of the incentives to borrow and lend than is the nominal interest rate.C) is a less accurate indicator of the tightness of credit market conditions than is the nominal interest rate.D) defines the discount rate.Answer: AAACSB: Analytical Thinking4) When the ________ interest rate is low, there are greater incentives to ________ and fewer incentives to ________.A) nominal; lend; borrowB) real; lend; borrowC) real; borrow; lendD) market; lend; borrowAnswer: CAACSB: Reflective Thinking5) The interest rate that describes how well a lender has done in real terms after the fact is called theA) ex post real interest rate.B) ex ante real interest rate.C) ex post nominal interest rate.D) ex ante nominal interest rate.Answer: AAACSB: Analytical Thinking6) The ________ states that the nominal interest rate equals the real interest rate plus the expected rate of inflation.A) Fisher equationB) Keynesian equationC) Monetarist equationD) Marshall equationAnswer: AAACSB: Application of Knowledge7) If the nominal rate of interest is 2 percent, and the expected inflation rate is -10 percent, the real rate of interest isA) 2 percent.B) 8 percent.C) 10 percent.D) 12 percent.Answer: DAACSB: Analytical Thinking8) In which of the following situations would you prefer to be the lender?A) The interest rate is 9 percent and the expected inflation rate is 7 percent.B) The interest rate is 4 percent and the expected inflation rate is 1 percent.C) The interest rate is 13 percent and the expected inflation rate is 15 percent.D) The interest rate is 25 percent and the expected inflation rate is 50 percent.Answer: BAACSB: Analytical Thinking9) In which of the following situations would you prefer to be the borrower?A) The interest rate is 9 percent and the expected inflation rate is 7 percent.B) The interest rate is 4 percent and the expected inflation rate is 1 percent.C) The interest rate is 13 percent and the expected inflation rate is 15 percent.D) The interest rate is 25 percent and the expected inflation rate is 50 percent.Answer: DAACSB: Analytical Thinking10) If you expect the inflation rate to be 15 percent next year and a one-year bond has a yield to maturity of 7 percent, then the real interest rate on this bond isA) 7 percent.B) 22 percent.C) -15 percent.D) -8 percent.Answer: DAACSB: Analytical Thinking11) If you expect the inflation rate to be 12 percent next year and a one-year bond has a yield to maturity of 7 percent, then the real interest rate on this bond isA) -5 percent.B) -2 percent.C) 2 percent.D) 12 percent.Answer: AAACSB: Analytical Thinking12) If you expect the inflation rate to be 4 percent next year and a one year bond has a yield to maturity of 7 percent, then the real interest rate on this bond isA) -3 percent.B) -2 percent.C) 3 percent.D) 7 percent.Answer: CAACSB: Analytical Thinking13) In the United States during the late 1970s, the nominal interest rates were quite high, but the real interest rates were negative. From the Fisher equation, we can conclude that expected inflation in the United States during this period wasA) irrelevant.B) low.C) negative.D) high.Answer: DAACSB: Reflective Thinking14) The interest rate on Treasury Inflation Indexed Securities can be roughly interpreted asA) the real interest rate.B) the nominal interest rate.C) the rate of inflation.D) the rate of deflation.Answer: AAACSB: Analytical Thinking15) Assuming the same coupon rate and maturity length, the difference between the yield on a Treasury Inflation Indexed Security and the yield on a nonindexed Treasury security provides insight intoA) the nominal interest rate.B) the real interest rate.C) the nominal exchange rate.D) the expected inflation rate.Answer: DAACSB: Analytical Thinking16) Assuming the same coupon rate and maturity length, when the interest rate on a Treasury Inflation Indexed Security is 3 percent, and the yield on a nonindexed Treasury bond is 8 percent, the expected rate of inflation isA) 3 percent.B) 5 percent.C) 8 percent.D) 11 percent.Answer: BAACSB: Analytical Thinking17) Would it make sense to buy a house when mortgage rates are 14% and expected inflation is 15%? Explain your answer.Answer: Even though the nominal rate for the mortgage appears high, the real cost of borrowing the funds is -1%. Yes, under this circumstance it would be reasonable to make this purchase. AACSB: Reflective Thinking4.4 Web Appendix: Measuring Interest-Rate Risk: Duration1) Duration isA) an asset's term to maturity.B) the time until the next interest payment for a coupon bond.C) the average lifetime of a debt security's stream of payments.D) the time between interest payments for a coupon bond.Answer: CAACSB: Application of Knowledge2) Comparing a discount bond and a coupon bond with the same maturityA) the coupon bond has the greater effective maturity.B) the discount bond has the greater effective maturity.C) the effective maturity cannot be calculated for a coupon bond.D) the effective maturity cannot be calculated for a discount bond.Answer: BAACSB: Reflective Thinking3) The duration of a coupon bond increasesA) the longer is the bond's term to maturity.B) when interest rates increase.C) the higher the coupon rate on the bond.D) the higher the bond price.Answer: AAACSB: Reflective Thinking4) All else equal, when interest rates ________, the duration of a coupon bond ________.A) rise; fallsB) rise; increasesC) falls; fallsD) falls; does not changeAnswer: AAACSB: Reflective Thinking5) All else equal, the ________ the coupon rate on a bond, the ________ the bond's duration.A) higher; longerB) higher; shorterC) lower; shorterD) greater; longerAnswer: BAACSB: Reflective Thinking。

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