自考真题翻译

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自考本科翻译试题及答案

自考本科翻译试题及答案一、词汇翻译（每题2分，共20分）1. 翻译下列单词：- 经济全球化- 可持续发展- 人工智能- 虚拟现实- 环境保护2. 翻译下列短语：- 信息时代- 绿色能源- 国际合作- 网络安全- 人口老龄化二、句子翻译（每题5分，共30分）1. 随着科技的快速发展，人工智能在各个领域都发挥着越来越重要的作用。

2. 可持续发展是解决环境问题和促进经济增长的关键。

3. 虚拟现实技术为教育和娱乐行业带来了革命性的变革。

4. 经济全球化促进了国际贸易和文化交流。

5. 环境保护是每个国家和个人的责任。

三、段落翻译（每题10分，共50分）1. 近年来，随着全球化进程的加快，跨国公司在全球范围内寻求发展机会。

这些公司通过投资、技术转移和市场拓展，不仅推动了当地经济的发展，也为当地居民提供了就业机会。

2. 人工智能的发展为医疗领域带来了新的机遇。

通过大数据分析和机器学习，AI技术可以帮助医生更准确地诊断疾病，提高治疗效率。

3. 虚拟现实技术在教育领域的应用正在逐渐增多。

通过模拟真实环境，学生可以在虚拟世界中进行实践操作，从而提高学习效率和兴趣。

4. 环境保护是全球性的挑战。

各国需要加强合作，共同应对气候变化、生物多样性丧失等问题。

5. 信息时代的到来极大地改变了人们的生活方式。

互联网和移动设备的普及使得信息获取和交流变得更加便捷。

答案：一、词汇翻译1. Economic globalization2. Sustainable development3. Artificial intelligence4. Virtual reality5. Environmental protection2. Information age2. Green energy3. International cooperation4. Cyber security5. Aging population二、句子翻译1. With the rapid development of technology, artificial intelligence plays an increasingly important role in various fields.2. Sustainable development is the key to solvingenvironmental problems and promoting economic growth.3. Virtual reality technology has brought revolutionarychanges to the education and entertainment industries.4. Economic globalization promotes international trade and cultural exchanges.5. Environmental protection is the responsibility of every country and individual.三、段落翻译1. In recent years, with the acceleration of theglobalization process, multinational companies are seeking development opportunities worldwide. These companies not only promote local economic development through investment, technology transfer, and market expansion but also provide employment opportunities for local residents.2. The development of artificial intelligence has brought new opportunities to the medical field. Through big data analysis and machine learning, AI technology can help doctors diagnose diseases more accurately and improve treatment efficiency.3. The application of virtual reality technology in the field of education is gradually increasing. By simulating real environments, students can practice operations in the virtual world, thereby improving learning efficiency and interest.4. Environmental protection is a global challenge. Countries need to strengthen cooperation to jointly address issues such as climate change and loss of biodiversity.5. The advent of the information age has greatly changed people's lifestyles. The widespread use of the internet and mobile devices has made information acquisition and communication more convenient.。

自考英语一课文翻译UINT 24

过去建设和维护输油管道需要数千人。大批人员首次被带进冻土带与之打交道。他们的出现，他们所建设的输油管道的出现带来了自然环境的巨大变化。冻土带的生物圈将会受到哪些影响?
美国的生存依赖Βιβλιοθήκη 发现新能源资源的能力。冻土带下埋藏的石油对国家的发展非常重要。但是，冻土带的存在也依赖于人们如何悉心维护那里自然环境的微妙平衡。
不久之前只有一些爱斯基摩人和探险家注意到了冻土带季节的变化。而最近是什么吸引着人们来到这片气候恶劣的土地生活呢?答案是：石油。
1968年，在阿拉斯加“北坡”的冻土地下面发现了石油。现在，一条长800英里(约合1300公里)从北冰洋的普拉德霍湾到阿拉斯加南部港市瓦尔迪兹的管道已经建成。管道将石油从北坡穿过冻土带，输送到瓦尔迪兹港，再从那里运送到美国各地。
让世界上的富裕国家帮助雨林生长国看来是解决毁林问题的唯一方法。帮助方法之一是取消像巴西这样国家的外债，并与它们合作解决其他经济问题。同时，可以支持一些教育项目，教育当地人把雨林看成是可以带来收获的果园、菜园，而不只是他们只能通过愚蠢的砍烧树木来谋生的地方。
这些教育项目可以教会当地人如何选择有出口价值的树木砍伐，同时保留其余树木，这样，森林的基本植被不会受到影响。这也意味着，许多稀有动、植物赖以生存的环境，雨林中印地安人赖以生存的环境得以保存。也可以教会当地人将所砍伐的选定的树木，就地制成家具来增加收入。此外，他们还能学会收集其他现在被浪费掉的宝贵自然资源，把它们卖到外国，获取外汇。
面对上述事实，一些国家继续毁坏雨林看上去是愚蠢的。但问题并不这么简单，热带雨林生长的国家都很贫穷，而且人口过多。其中，巴西的人口是一亿四千万，约有一半人生活在赤贫中。这些国家的政府太软弱，不能阻止大公司及有权势的个人毁林。政府没有钱，所以当它们不能养活的穷人在砍代树木、烧毁林地中找到工作时，它们除了视而不见外，别无选择。另外，对于这其中的许多国家来说，在雨林中找到的宝贵的木材和其他资源也是它们重要的外汇来源。它们迫切地需要外汇偿还外债，购买外国的设备和其他产品。

自考英语翻译的试题及答案

自考英语翻译的试题及答案自考英语翻译试题及答案一、单项选择题（每题2分，共10分）1. The book is said ________ a best-seller.A. to writeB. to beC. writingD. being答案：B解析：本题考查固定搭配 be said to be，表示“据说是”。

2. He is ________ to win the first prize.A. likelyB. probableC. possiblyD. perhaps答案：A解析：本题考查形容词的用法，likely 表示“有可能的”，常用于人作主语的句子中。

3. The teacher asked the students ________ during the exam.A. not to cheatB. to not cheatC. not cheatD. don’t cheat答案：A解析：本题考查否定词的位置，not to do 在ask之后的否定祈使句中表示“不要做某事”。

4. She ________ the window and went out.A. closedB. was closingC. has closedD. had closed答案：A解析：本题考查时态的用法，根据句中的and连接的并列结构went out，可知前面的动作是先发生的，因此使用一般过去时。

5. The letter is said ________ to you this week.A. to sendB. to be sentC. sendingD. being sent答案：B解析：本题考查被动语态的构成，be said to be done 表示“据说将被”。

二、阅读理解（每题3分，共15分）阅读下面短文，并根据短文内容回答问题。

In the small town of Greenfield, there is a beautiful park where people often go to relax. The park has a large lake, and around the lake, there are many benches where people cansit and enjoy the view. The park is also home to a variety of animals, including ducks, squirrels, and rabbits. Every morning, the park comes to life with the sound of birds singing.The local government has recently decided to improve the facilities in the park. They have built a new children's playground and have also installed new exercise equipment for the elderly. These changes have been welcomed by the residents of Greenfield.However, there has been some controversy over the decision to cut down some trees to make space for the new playground. Some residents feel that the trees are an important part of the park's natural beauty and should be preserved. The local government has promised to plant more trees in other parts of the park to compensate for the loss.6. What is the main purpose of the park in Greenfield?A. To provide a place for children to play.B. To offer a place for relaxation and enjoyment.C. To serve as a habitat for animals.D. To host community events.答案：B7. What has the local government done to improve the park?A. They have built a new children's playground.B. They have removed all the benches.C. They have filled the lake with water.D. They have banned animals from the park.答案：A8. What has caused controversy among the residents?A. The construction of the new playground.B. The installation of exercise equipment.C. The cutting down of some trees.D. The singing of birds in the morning.答案：C9. How has the local government responded to the controversy?A. They have stopped the construction.B. They have promised to plant more trees.C. They have decided to move the playground.D. They have ignored the residents' concerns.答案：B10. What is true about the park according to the passage?A. It has no benches around the lake.B. It is not visited by any animals.C. It is a silent place in the morning.D. It is a place where people can sit and enjoy the view.答案：D三、翻译题（英译汉，每题5分，共20分）11. Translate the following sentence into Chinese:"Success is the ability to go from one failure to another with no loss of enthusiasm."答案：成功是从一个失败走向另一个失败，却不失去热情的能力。

2022年自考专业(英语)英语翻译考试真题及答案1

2022年自考专业(英语)英语翻译考试真题及答案一、Word and Phrase Translation 20 points, 1 point each1、martial arts2、ticket check3、military forces4、cultural taboos5、agricultural waste6、property law7、humanitarian aid8、World Economic Forum9、public-service advertisements10、a research university11、红包12、交通民警13、面部肌肉14、民族认同15、虚拟世界16、植物病害17、消费市场18、人才外流19、主办城市20、外汇储备二、Translation Revision 20 points, 2 points each1、原文：The organization begins to feel a need to systematize its management of human assets. 译文：该组织开头意识到将人力资源管理系统化的必要2、原文：Of the forces shaping higher education none is more sweeping than the movement across borders. 译文：在影响高等教育的众多力气中，任何其他力气都比跨国界迁移更加重要3、原文：He is a larger than life character—noisy, very friendly, and always joking. 译文：他是一个比现实中的自己更加宏大的人——说话滔滔不绝，待人亲切，喜爱开玩笑4、原文：Always say 查看答案【二、Translation Revision】1改译：该组织开头意识到有必要将人力资源管理系统化。

2020年10月自考00087英语翻译真题答案已公布

2020年10月自考00087英语翻译真题答案已公布2020年10月自考00087英语翻译真题答案已公布一、词汇翻译1. travel companion【答案】旅伴2. e-bank【答案】电子银行，网上银行3. government purchasing【答案】政府采购4. flower shop【答案】花店5. 弱势群体【答案】disadvantaged group二、单句翻译1. 我应集中精力，读我所未读过的书。

【翻译】I should have concentrated my energies on reading whatever books I have not yet read.2. 古人云：“不识庐山真面目，只缘身在此山中。

”【翻译】As a line of classical poem goes, “You fail to see the true features of Lushan just because you are among the mountains yourself.”3. A group of Italian youths waited for 45 minutes before they realized they would have to fetch their own.【翻译】一伙意大利年轻人等了45分钟才明白他们得自己去买酒。

4. 网友提出的问题大多聚焦在民生热点问题上，***一一坦诚作答。

【翻译】Most of the questions raised by netizens focused on hot issues of livelihood, and Wen answered them frankly one by one.【解析】①原文中有几个词语翻译较难，如“聚焦”应译为focused on，“热点问题”应译为hot issues，“民生”应译为livelihood。

英汉互译自考试题及答案

英汉互译自考试题及答案一、单句翻译（共20分，每题4分）1. 翻译以下英文句子为中文，并注意保持原句的意境和语法结构。

"Success is the ability to go from one failure to another with no loss of enthusiasm."答案：成功是从一个失败走向另一个失败，却不失去热情的能力。

2. 将下列中文句子翻译成英文，注意语法和词汇的准确使用。

“知识就是力量。

”答案："Knowledge is power."3. 翻译以下英文句子为中文，并注意时态和语态的转换。

"Many people believe that physical exercise is beneficial to health."答案：许多人认为体育锻炼对健康有益。

4. 将下列中文句子翻译成英文，注意保持原句的修辞色彩。

“春天的花朵在温暖的阳光下盛开。

”答案："Flowers in spring bloom under the warm sunshine."5. 翻译以下英文句子为中文，并注意词义的选择和语境的适应。

"The company is planning to expand its operations overseas."答案：该公司正计划将其业务扩展到海外。

二、段落翻译（共30分，每题10分）1. 将以下英文段落翻译成中文。

"In recent years, the popularity of online shopping has surged. It offers consumers a convenient way to purchase a wide variety of goods without leaving the comfort of theirown homes. This trend has led to a significant growth in thee-commerce industry, which has, in turn, created numerous job opportunities."答案：近年来，网上购物的受欢迎程度急剧上升。

英汉互译自考本科试题及答案

英汉互译自考本科试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 将下列汉语句子翻译成英语：“他每天都会阅读一个小时。

”A) He reads every day for an hour.B) He reads for an hour every day.C) Reading every day for an hour.D) Every day he reads for an hour.答案：B2. 下列英语句子中，哪一项翻译成汉语是“她喜欢在公园里散步”？A) She likes to walk in the park.B) She likes walking in the park.C) She likes to walking in the park.D) She likes park to walk in.答案：A3. 将“这个孩子太小，还不能上学。

”翻译成英语，正确的是：A) The child is too young to go to school.B) The child is too young to go to school yet.C) The child is too young to go to school already.D) The child is not young enough to go to school.答案：A4. 下列哪项英语句子的汉语翻译是“他们正在讨论如何解决这个问题。

”？A) They are discussing how to solve this problem.B) They are talking about how to fix this issue.C) They are debating how to deal with this problem.D) All of the above.答案：D5. “我昨天晚上看了一部电影。

”用英语怎么说？A) I watched a movie last night.B) I saw a film last night.C) Both A and B are correct.D) I looked at a movie last night.答案：C6. 将“她害怕黑暗。

历年自考英语翻译真题及答案

全国2004年4月高等教育自学考试英语翻译试题课程代码：00087Ⅰ. Multiple Choice Questions (30 points, 2 points for each)A. Directions: This part consists of ten sentences, each followed by four different versions marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that is the closest equivalent of the original in terms of meaning and expressiveness.1. Almost all the TV viewers were deeply impressed by Titanic’s huge mass and her ruined splendor of a lost age.A. 泰坦尼克号的庞大以及她那昔日辉煌的残毁，给几乎所有的电视观众都留下了十分深刻的印象。

B. 泰坦尼克号船体庞大，虽已损毁，昔日丰采犹存，给几乎所有的电视观众都留下了深刻的印象。

C. 泰坦尼克号无比庞大，往日荣光业已荡然无存，给几乎所有的电视观众都留下了深刻的印象。

D. 泰坦尼克号的庞大船体以及她那失去的昔日光辉，给几乎所有的电视观众都留下了深刻的印象。

2. A truly extraordinary variety of alternatives to the chemical control of insects is available.A. 使用化学方法控制昆虫除外，其它有效方法也可使用。

B. 除了不用化学方法控制昆虫外，应该还有其它方法可以使用。

C. 除了使用化学方法控制昆虫以外，还有其它各种奇妙的方法可以使用。

D. 控制昆虫的方法很多，使用化学方法只不过是其中之一也可使用。

英语翻译试题及答案自考

英语翻译试题及答案自考英语翻译试题及答案（自考）一、选择题（每题2分，共10分）1. The word "phenomenon" can be translated into Chinese as:A. 现象B. 现象学C. 现象论D. 现象界答案：A2. The sentence "The company is undergoing a major restructuring." should be translated as:A. 公司正在进行重大改组。

B. 公司正在进行重大重建。

C. 公司正在进行重大重组。

D. 公司正在进行重大重建。

答案：C3. The phrase "to break the ice" is commonly used to mean:A. 打破冰层B. 打破僵局C. 打破沉默D. 打破纪录答案：B4. The idiom "to turn a blind eye" means:A. 睁一只眼闭一只眼B. 视而不见C. 转过头去D. 闭目塞听答案：B5. The expression "to hit the nail on the head" is equivalent to saying:A. 打中要害B. 打中目标C. 打中钉子D. 打中中心答案：A二、填空题（每题2分，共10分）根据所给中文，填写适当的英文单词或短语。

6. 他总是能够_________（一针见血）。

答案：hit the nail on the head7. 她_________（视而不见）了这个问题。

答案：turned a blind eye to8. 我们_________（打破僵局）之后，会议才得以顺利进行。

答案：broke the ice9. 这个_________（现象）引起了科学家们的极大兴趣。

高等教育自学考试历年考试翻译

(1)内容占6分，语言占4分。

(2)未解释原因的，内容分最高给3分。

(3)答案结构合理，语言准确，条理清晰，得4分。

(4)每出现两处重大语法错误扣1分，但是扣分不得超过2分。

(5)结构不完整，条理不清，扣2分。

(6)少于60词扣2分。

(7)完全照抄原文，虽涉及所需全部内容，最多给3分全国2000年10月高等教育自学考试55、我想，知道自己愚蠢的人是聪明的，而知道自己撒谎的人是诚实的。

It's a wise man, I guess, who knows he's dumb, and an honest person who knows he's a liar.56、总的说来，在那少量的时间进而电视比这个国家的报纸做得更好。

Television does a better job in that little time than the nation's press as a whole.57、丑陋是疾病的症状之一，美则是健康的象征。

Ugliness is one of the symptoms of disease, beauty of health.58、我对法律的兴趣是出于对黑人区未来的关切。

My interest in law stems from a concern about the future of the black ghetto.59、摇滚乐与其说是一种音乐的力量，不如说是一种社会心理的表现。

Rock music is really a sociological expression rather than a musical force.60、在一个星期天的下午，布里尔小姐像往常一样来到公园。

她在一条长登上坐下来，看着周围的一切。

她仿佛是在观看一部生活的戏剧。

突然她意识到自己在剧中也扮演了一个角色，也在舞台上表演。

顿时她感到不那么孤独了。

On a Sunday afternoon, Miss Brill came to the park as usual . She sat down on a bench, watching everything around her.She felt as if she was watching a play on life. Suddenly she realized that she was also playing a part in the play and that she was also acting on the stage. At once she felt much less lonely.全国2001年10月高等教育自学考试55. 她示意我们不必站起来。

自考英语翻译考试题库及答案

自考英语翻译考试题库及答案一、单句翻译（每题2分，共20分）1. 随着科技的发展，远程工作变得越来越普遍。

Translation: With the advancement of technology, remote work has become increasingly common.2. 她不仅是一位杰出的科学家，还是一位热心的环保活动家。

Translation: She is not only an outstanding scientist but also a passionate environmental activist.3. 这家公司通过提供高质量的产品赢得了市场的信任。

Translation: The company has won the market's trust by providing high-quality products.4. 他决定放弃稳定的工作，追求自己的梦想。

Translation: He decided to give up his stable job to pursue his dreams.5. 政府正在努力改善公共服务，以提高民众的生活质量。

Translation: The government is striving to improve public services to enhance the quality of life for the people.二、段落翻译（英译汉，每题10分，共30分）1. In today's fast-paced world, effective communication is more important than ever. The ability to express ideasclearly and persuasively can make a significant difference in both personal and professional settings.翻译：在当今快节奏的世界中，有效沟通比以往任何时候都更为重要。

2022年自考专业(英语)英语翻译考试真题及答案

2022年自考专业(英语)英语翻译考试真题及答案一、Word and Phrase Translation 20 points, 1 point each1、Christmas Eve2、marine resources3、bar counter4、market access5、fast-food restaurant6、brand image7、long-term debt8、research and development9、inherited privilege10、global economic governance11、教育部12、中国戏曲13、户外活动14、软着陆15、圣火16、语音识别技术17、电工产品18、领土争端19、横批20、机场摆渡车二、Translation Revision 20 points, 2 points each1、原文: Pollution is a live issue.译文：污染是个生活问题2、原文: Many Americans believe that competition is as important，or even more important, than democracy in preserving freedom. 译文: 很多美国人认为，竞争与民主同样重耍，在爱护自由方面孩至比民主还重要3、原文: The European Commission announced that a total of 15 EU states, plus Switzerland and Hong Kong, are now known to have received egg products contaminated by an insecticide. 译文：欧盟委员会宣布，现在共有15个欧盟国家以及瑞士和中国香港被知道进口了受杀虫剂污染的鸡蛋产品4、原文: But does this have anything to do with global warming, and are human emissions to blame译文：但这与全球气候变暖有关吗人类的碳排放该指责谁呢5、原文：It seems that wherever maples grow, there is a tradition to honor them. 译文：好像无论枫树生长在哪里，都有歌颂它的传统6、原文：确定有很多更为简洁、更为有效的方法去评定一个人的真实力量。

自考英语翻译试题及答案

自考英语翻译试题及答案一、单句翻译（每题2分，共10分）1. 随着互联网的普及，人们获取信息的方式发生了巨大的变化。

2. 他不仅是一位杰出的科学家，还是一位杰出的领导者。

3. 为了实现可持续发展，我们必须采取有效的措施来保护环境。

4. 她决定放弃工作，去追求她的梦想。

5. 我们应该尊重每个人的选择，无论他们的决定是什么。

答案：1. With the popularization of the Internet, the way people obtain information has undergone tremendous changes.2. He is not only an outstanding scientist but also an outstanding leader.3. In order to achieve sustainable development, we must take effective measures to protect the environment.4. She decided to give up her job to pursue her dream.5. We should respect everyone's choice, no matter what their decision is.二、段落翻译（每题5分，共20分）1. 随着全球化的不断深入，跨文化交流变得越来越重要。

为了更好地理解不同文化，我们需要学习不同的语言和了解各种文化背景。

答案：1. With the continuous deepening of globalization, cross-cultural communication has become increasingly important. In order to better understand different cultures, we need to learn different languages and understand various culturalbackgrounds.2. 教育是社会发展的基石。

历年自考全国高等教育英汉翻译试题及答案

历年自考全国高等教育英汉翻译试题及答案一．单项选择(1’x80=80’)1.He was very clean. His mind was open. 译文:他为人单纯而又坦率。

译文采取了哪种译法? [单选题] *A.正反译B.分译C.合译(正确答案)D.意译2.避免cheap，而改用_______为好。

[单选题] *A. Low-pricedB. inexpensive (正确答案)C. bargainD. expensive3.在正确理解原句意义的基础上，把句子按意群拆成一个个部分，然后把各个部分按先后顺序译出，必要时加上连接词，合译成句，这种译法称_______。

[单选题] *A.合译B.分译C.直译D.顺译(正确答案)4.The air seemed almost sticky from the scent of bursting buds.译文:花蕾初绽，芳香扑鼻，使空气也似乎变得馥郁浓稠起来。

译者采用了_______。

[单选题] *A.逆译法(正确答案)B.顺译法C.合译法D.反说正译5.Everybody I knew was in the bond business. 译文:我认识的人全都干债券生意。

译文中的斜体是将原文中的_______词转译成了_______词。

[单选题] *A.动态/ 静态B.静态/静态C.静态/动态(正确答案)D.动态/动态6.I would like to take my hat off to you when you help me out of the present difficulty.译文:你帮助我摆脱当前的困境，我愿意向你致敬。

译文中的斜体词是将原文表示_____词语转译成______词语。

[单选题] *A.抽象性\ 具体性B.具体性\抽象性(正确答案)C.抽象性\ 概括性D.具体性\ 具体性7.含有动作意味的名词往往可转译为________。

自考翻译试题及答案

自考翻译试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共10分）1. 下列哪个选项是“全球化”的正确翻译？A. GlobalizationB. GlobalityC. GlobalizeD. Global答案：A2. “可持续发展”在英文中通常指的是什么？A. Sustainable DevelopmentB. Continuous DevelopmentC. Long-term DevelopmentD. Environmental Development答案：A3. “人工智能”的英文缩写是什么？A. AIB. IAC. IID. AII答案：A4. “环境保护”在英文中的正确表达是：A. Environmental ProtectionB. Environmental ConservationC. Nature ProtectionD. Ecosystem Defense答案：A5. “文化交流”的英文翻译是：A. Cultural ExchangeB. Cultural InteractionC. Cultural InterchangeD. Cultural Transfer答案：A二、填空题（每题3分，共15分）6. 将下列中文句子翻译成英文：“我们的目标是提高教育质量。

”翻译：Our goal is to improve the quality of education.7. 将下列英文句子翻译成中文："The company is committed to reducing its carbon footprint."翻译：该公司致力于减少其碳足迹。

8. “经济发展”的英文翻译是：Economic Development9. “科技创新”在英文中通常指的是：Technological Innovation10. 将下列中文句子翻译成英文：“他被选为学生会主席。

”翻译：He was elected as the president of the student union.三、阅读理解题（每题5分，共20分）11. 阅读下面的英文段落，并回答问题：The concept of "e-commerce" refers to the buying and selling of goods and services, conducting transactions, or transferring business data, using the internet or other digital platforms. It has revolutionized the way businesses operate and has become an essential part of the modern economy.问题：电子商务是什么？答案：电子商务是指使用互联网或其他数字平台进行商品和服务的买卖、交易或商业数据传输。

自考英语(二)课文翻译及练习答案

第一部分 Text A & 第二部分 Text B第一部分 Text A【课文译文】怎样成为一名成功的语言学习者决策是从可供挑选的行动方案中作出选择，目的在于确定并实现组织机构的目标或目的。

之所以要决策是因为存在问题，或是目标或目的不对，或某种东西妨碍目标或目的实现。

因此，决策过程对于管理人员非常重要。

管理者所做的一切几乎都与决策有关，事实上，有人甚至认为管理过程就是决策过程。

虽然决策者不能预测未来，但他们的许多决策要求他们必须考虑未来可能会发生的情况。

管理者必须对未来的事情作出最佳的猜测，并使偶然性尽可能少地发生。

但因为总是存在着未知情况，所以决策往往伴随着风险。

有时失误的决策带来的后果不很严重，但有时就会不堪设想。

选择就是从多种选项中进行取舍，没有选择，就没有决策。

决策本身就是一个选择的过程，许多决策有着很广的选择范围。

例如，学生为了实现自己获得学位的目标，可能会从多门课程中进行选择，对于管理者来说，每一个决策都受到政策、程序、法律、惯例等方面的制约，这些制约存在于一个组织的各个部门里。

选项就是可供选择的种种可行的行动方案。

没有选项，就没有选择，因而也就没有决策。

如果看不到任何选项，这意味着还没有对问题进行彻底的研究。

例如，管理者有时会用“非此即彼”的方式处理问题，这是他们简化问题的方法。

这种简化问题的习惯常常使他们看不到其他的选项。

在管理这个层次上，制定决策包括：识别选项和缩小选项范围，其范围小到微乎其微，大到近乎无限。

决策者必须有某种方法来断定几种选项中的最佳选项，即哪个选项最有利于实现其组织的目标。

组织的目标是指该组织努力完成或达到的目标或现状。

由于个人(或组织)对于怎样实现其目标的方式都有不同的见解，最佳的选择就在于决策者了。

常常是一个组织的下属部门做出的决策对自己有利，而对上一级的部门来说，就不是较佳选择了。

这种增加部门的局部利益而减少其他部门的局部利益所作出的权衡，叫做局部优化。

2021年4月高等教育自学考试《英语翻译》试题

2021年4月高等教育自学考试《英语翻译》试题课程代码：00087I. Word and Phrase TranslationA. Translate the following words and phrases into Chinese. Write your translation on theAnswer Sheet.1. fire fighter2. interest rate3. animal feed4. hydrogen fuel5. tourism product6. warning system7. ocean engineering 8. compulsory education9. Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation 10. equality of opportunityB. Translate the following words and phrases into English. Write your translation onthe Answer Sheet.11．低保12．公德13．濒危物种14．人才库15．税收制度16．大病保险17．外交特权18．主办城市19．光学效应20．背景音乐II. Translation RevisionA. Correct or improve the translation of the following English sentences. Write your revised versions on the Answer Sheet.Example:原文：Adelaide enjoys a Mediterranean climate.译文：阿德莱德享有地中海型气候。

改译：阿德莱德属地中海型气候。

21．原文：With 2％Of the world's population，we are the world's fifth largest trading nation．译文：拥有世界人口的2％，我们是世界第五大贸易国。

2023年自考专业(英语)《英语翻译》考试历年真题摘选附带答案

2023年自考专业(英语)《英语翻译》考试历年真题摘选附带答案第1卷一.全考点综合测验(共20题)1.【问答题】翻译：I believe Chinese economic authorities recognize the problem and the next Five-Year Plan will address it effectively.2.【问答题】翻译：老年人有长处，但也有很大的弱点—— 老年人容易固执，因此老年人也要有点自觉性。

3.【问答题】翻译：China may well be the favorite whipping boy of manufacturers in the United States these days. But in the developing world, the country is becoming the trading partner of choice, drawing in airplanes from Brazil, soybeans from Argentina and seafood from Malaysia, boosting economies and leading to new political alliances. The growing appetite of the world ’most s populous nation has made China a new source of income for the developing economies of South America and Asia. “ China ’ s booming imports from developing countries especially of commodities — —are not only helping growth in countries from Brazil to Africa, but are already reshaping international trade relations, ” said Kenneth Rogoff, an economics professor at Harvard University. Developed countries also are sending more goods to Chins, the world -largest economy, with an estimated ’ s sixth $1.334 trillion gross domestic product in 2003, according to the IMF.4.【问答题】翻译：It is no use telling grown-up children not to make mistakes, both because they will not believe you, and because mistakes are an essential part of education.5.【单选题】Cicero said, “ In doing so, I did not think it necessary（）A. to translate word for wordB.to preserve the general styleC. to keep the force of the languageD.to change the form of the original6.【问答题】英语翻译：Vatican7.【单选题】The devastating floods and droughts that imposed a recurrent tax of suffering on the farmers no longer occur. Egyptian agriculture has been transformed, and industry is benefiting from power generated by the dam.（）A.过去不断给农民带来灾难的旱涝两灾，现在不再发生了。

汉译英部分试题整理(来自自考的翻译真题)

汉译英部分试题整理（经典资料，值得重视）0404 除了英语，他们还得学一门第二外语In addition to /Besides English, they have to learn a second foreign language.404 人们认为饭后散步有助消化。

It ’ s believed that taking a walk after meals promotes digestion/is good to your stomach. 404 一个具有文学艺术欣赏力的人能胜任这项工作。

A person who appreciates/A person with appreciation of art and literature is qualified for the job.404 随着研究技术变得更加先进，用于实验的动物数量将会大大减少。

As research techniques become more advanced, the number of animals used in experiments will greatly decrease/decline/reduce/lower.404 那位生物学家相信某些动物物种正受到灭绝的威胁。

The biologist is convinced/believes that some animal species are faced with the danger of extinction.504 时间是世界上最容易浪费也是最难以把握的东西。

Time is the easiest thing in the world to waste and the most difficult thing to control.504 虽然管理者不能预测未来，但他们的许多决策还是要求他们考虑到未来可能发生的整改。

Although managers cannot predict the future, many of their decisions require that they consider /take into account possible future events.504爱因斯坦声称物质和能量是可以相互转化的，因此没有绝对的时间和空间。

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全国2011年4月高等教育自学考试英语翻译试题课程代码:00087I. Multiple Choice (30 points, 2 points each)A. Directions: This part consists of ten sentences, each followed by four different versions marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best translation of the original statement in terms of meaning and expressiveness. (Please write the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet.)1. A nation's greatest wealth is the industry of its people.A.一个国家最大的财富就是民族工业。

B.一个国家最大的财富就是人民的勤劳。

C.一个民族最大的财富就是人民的工业。

D.一个民族最大的财富就是民众的兴旺。

2. Scientists are confident about the formation of coal, but they do not seem so sure when asked about oil.A.科学家们确实知道煤是怎样形成的，但要是问他们石油是怎样形成的，他们似乎就不那么有把握了。

B.科学家们对煤的形成非常有信心，但是当被问到石油的形成时，他们好像没有那么确信。

C.科学家们对煤的形成非常有信心，但是当被问到石油是怎样形成的，似乎就不那么确信了。

D.科学家们确实知道煤的形成，但要是问他们石油的形成时，似乎就不那么有把握了。

3. I wasn't their enemy, in fact or in feeling. I was their ally.A.在事实上或感情上，我不是他们的敌人。

我是他们的盟友。

B.我不是他们的敌人，在事实上或感情上。

我是他们的盟友。

C.我不是他们的敌人，在事实上或者在感情上，而是他们的盟友。

D.无论在事实上，还是在感情上，我都不是他们的敌人，而是他们的盟友。

4. His preoccupation with business left him little time for his family.A.他全神贯注于事业，为他的家庭留下了很少的时间。

B.他对事业的全神贯注留给他的家庭的时间就很少。

C.他对事业全神贯注。

他能与家人共度的时间就很少。

D.他全神贯注于事业，因而能与家人共度的时间就很少。

5. A jeep, full, sped past, drenching me in spray.A.一辆吉普车载满了人，速度很快，溅了我一身水。

B.一辆载满了人、速度很快的吉普车溅了我一身水。

C.一辆载满了人的吉普车疾驶而过，溅了我一身水。

D.一辆吉普车溅了我一身水。

它载满了人，疾驶而过。

6.惟有相互了解，国与国才能增进信任，加强合作。

A. Without mutual understanding, it is impossible for countries to build trust and promote cooperation with one another.B. It is mutual understanding which makes it possible for countries to build trust and promote cooperation with one another.C. Only mutual understanding can be one way for countries to build trust and promote cooperation with one another.D. Mutual understanding is one way only for countries to build trust and promote cooperation with one another.7.这20年间，世界发生了翻天覆地的变化。

时而波澜壮阔，令人振奋;时而风雨如磐，惊心动魄。

A. Over the past 20 years, the world has changed greatly. It is sometimes sweeping and inspiring and it is sometimes stormy and disquieting.B. Over the past 20 years, the world has witnessed great changes which are sweeping and inspiring at times and stormy and disquieting at others.C. Over the last 20 years, the world has changed greatly, sometimes sweepingly and inspiringly and sometimes stormily and disquietingly.D. Over the last 20 years, the world has witnessed great changes, at times sweepingly and inspiringly and at others stormily and disquietingly.8.对发展中国家而言，首先要摆脱贫穷。

要摆脱贫穷，就要找出一条比较快的发展道路。

A. For developing nations, first of all, they will throw off poverty. To throw it off, they have to find a way to develop fairly rapidlly.B. To developing nations, first of all, they will throw off poverty. To throw it off, a way has to be found to develop fairly rapidly.C..For developing nations, the first thing is to throw off poverty. To do that, they have to find a way to develop fairly rapidly.D. To developing nations, the first thing is to throw off poverty. To do that, a way has to be found to develop fairly rapidly.9.他睡得很死，连打雷都没有把他。

惊醒。

A. He slept like a log and was not even awoken by the thunder.B. He slept like a log and was not even awakened up by the thunder.C. He slept like a log and was even not awoken up by the thunder.D. He slept like a log and was even not awakened by the thunder.10.这支歌唱遍了神州大地，唱过了50年悠悠岁月，余音袅袅，一曲难忘。

A. This song has been singing all over China for 50 long years. The melody still lingers in the air.B. This song has been sung all over China for 50 long years. The melody still lingers in the air.C. This song has been singing all over China for 50 long years, the voice of which cannot yet be forgotten.D. This song has been sung all over China for 50 long years, the voice of which cannot yet be forgotten.Directions: This part consists of five unfinished statements, each followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the statement. (Please write the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet.)11.针对鲁迅提出的“宁信而不顺"的主张，瞿秋白提出______。

A.“宁顺而不信”B.“信"和“顺"不应对立起来C.要容忍“多少的不顺’’D.要保存原作的丰姿12.王佐良认为译者在处理个别的词时，他面对的是______。

A.两种语言B.两种文体C.两大片文化D.两套语法体系13. ______于1 790年提出了著名的翻译三原则。

A.泰特勒B.费道罗夫C.哲罗姆D.西塞罗14.傅雷认为翻译重在______。

A.理论B.实践C.创新D.观察15.代词在英语和汉语里都经常使用，但总的说来，______。

A.英语代词用得多，汉语代词用得少B.英语代词用得多，汉语代词也用得多C.汉语代词用得多，英语代词用得少D.汉语代词用得少，英语代词也用得少II. Word and Phrase Translation (20 points, 1 point each)A. Directions: Translate the following words and phrases into Chinese.(Please write the answer on your Answer Sheet.)16. appreciation dinner 17. birth defect18. applied entomology 19. member state20. maternity hospital 21. over-the-counter medicine22. green belt 23. inland waters24. room temperature 25. debt chainB. Directions: Translate the following words and phrases into English.(Please write the answer on your Answer Sheet.)26.中低纬度27.双向贸易28.噪音污染29.版权保护30.客串演出31.福利基金32.社会保障33.国际竞争力34.候机室35.防火墙III. Translation Revision (20 points, 2 points each)A. Directions: Correct or improve the translation of the following sentences.(Please write the revised version on your Answer Sheet.)Example:原文：Adelaide enjoys a Mediterranean climate.译文：阿德莱德享有地中海型气候。