If和+whether的用法讲课教案
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If和whether
if不能替换whether的5种情况
1.正式文体中,句中有or not 时
2.引起主语,表语,同位语从句时
3.作介词宾语时
4.放不定式前,与不定式组成词组时
5.作discuss等词的宾语时
以上是if和whether表示"是否"之意的区别,此外,if还有加入的意思,引起条件状语从句;而whether 另有不管无论之意,引起让步状语从句
whether与if作“是否”讲,在用法上有相同之处,也有不同之处。
一、相同之处。
1.whether和if都能引导宾语从句,常置于see,ask,learn,tell,wonder,doubt,find out等动词之后。
如:He asked me whether/is I could help him. I want to know whether/if he lives there.
2.whether和if都可用it作形式主语从句中。如:it's uncertain whether/if he'll come this evening.
3.在be uncertain/doubtful之后,常用whether引导宾语从句,有时也可以用if,如:We are uncertain whether/if Mary will come.
二、不同之处。
1.whether可置于句首引导主语从句,而if不能。如:___the 2000 Olympic Games will be in Beijing is not known yet. A.whether B.If C.Whether D.That 答案是C。
2.whether可用在介词之后,引导宾语从句,而If则不能。如:Success depends on whether we make evough effort.
3.whether可引导表语从句,if则不能。如:The puestion is whether it is not worthdoing.
4.在名词之后引导同位语从句时,用whether而不用if。如:The puestion whether the students answered correctly should be decided by the teacher.
5.whether后可接不定式,而if不能。如:Please tell us whether to go or stay here.
6.在有些动词(如discuss)之后,只能用whether,而不用if引导宾语从句。如:We discussed whether we should close the shop.
7.在引导否定概念in宾语从句时,只能用if,而不用whether.如:he asked me if I hadn't finished my work. whether和if都可以引导宾语从句,表示“是否”,在口语或间接引语中两者可以互换使用。如:
I wonder if / whether I can get some advice from you.
Ask him whether / if he can come.
但在有些情况下,whether和if的用法有一定区别。
1. whether引导的从句常可以与连词or或or not直接连用,而if一般不能。如:
正:Let me know whether you can come or not.
误:Let me know if you can come or not.
2. 当宾语从句提到句首时,只能用whether引导,而不能用if。如:
正:Whether it is true or not, I can’t tell.
误:If it is true or not, I can’t tell.
3. whether可以引导带to的不定式,if则不能。如:
正:I don’t know whether to accept or refuse.
误:I don’t know if to ac cept or refuse.
4. whether及其引导的成分可放于介词之后,作介词的宾语,但if不能。如:
正:I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.
误:I worry about if I hurt her feelings.
5. whether可以引导从句,作主语、表语或同位语,而if不能。如:
正:It was uncertain whether he would come.
误:It was uncertain if he would come.
正:His first question was whether Tom had arrived yet.
误:His first question was if T om had arrived yet.
正:We must consider the question whether we will take these measures.
误:We must consider the question if we will take these measures.
1、在动词不定式之前只能用whether 。如:
例8 I can’t decide whether to stay. 我不能决定是否留下。
2、在whether …… or not 的固定搭配中。如:
例9 I want to know whether it’s good news or not . 我想知道是否是好消息。
3 、在介词后,只能用whether。如:
例10 His father is worried about whether he lose his work . 他的父亲担心是否会失去工作。
4、宾语从句放在句首表示强调时,只能用whether 。如:
Whether this is true or not, I really don’t know. 这是否真的,我真的不知道。
(例11 Whether they can finish the work on time is still a problem . 他们是否能准时完成这项工作还是个问题。--此例为主语从句,有误,感谢指出)
5、用if会引起歧义时,只用whether。如:
例12 Could you tell me if you know the answer ?
这句话有两种意思
whether和if的用法区别
1)whether和if常用来引导宾语从句,这时两者的含义区别很小,一般可通用。例如:①I don't know whether/if they will come to help us. 我不知道他们是否来帮助我们。②I am not sure whether/if I'll have time to go with you. 我很难说我们是否有时间跟你们一起去。上面两句无区别。
但是,当whether与or not连成一个词组时,whether不可换用if。例如:③I don't know whether or not they will come for our help. 我不知道他们是否要来求我们支援。【注意】若whether和or not不连在一起,在口语中可以用if取代whether,当然也可以用whether。例如:④I am not certain if/whether the train will arrive on time. 我没有把握火车是否准时到达。⑤I don't care if/whether your car breaks down or not. 我不在乎您的车是否是会出故障。
此外,还有些情况值得注意: