高一英语讲义-动词的被动语态专项精练

高一英语-被动语态一、语态的定义语态是一种动词的形式，用来说明主语和谓语的关系。

二、语态的分类英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被动语态。

主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态主要表示主语是动作的承受者。

三、被动语态的构成被动语态由“be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。

被动语态常用的有8个被动语态的构成注：含有情态动词的谓语变为被动语态时，由"情态动词（can, may, must, have to等）+be +动词的-ed形式。

含有"be going to , be to, used to, be about to"等结构的复合谓语变为被动语态时，其构成为"be going to（be to, used to, be about to）+ be +动词的-ed形式"构成。

四、被动语态的用法①当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。

这时不用by短语。

This jacket is made of cotton. 这件上衣是棉料的。

①为了强调动作的承受者时。

History is made by the people. 历史是由人民创造的。

①出于策略、委婉、礼貌等不提出动作的执行者。

Customers are requested not to touch the exhibits. 顾客请勿触摸展品。

④为了使表达更为通顺流畅。

It is generally considered impolite to ask about one’s salary.问别人的工资通常被认为是不礼貌的。

五、使用被动语态应注意的问题1.不及物动词（短语）和表示状态的动词（短语）不能用于被动语态，常见的有happen, rise, occur, last, appear,have, cost, suffer, break out, take place, belong to, consist of等。

Our village has twenty tractors. 我们村有20台拖拉机。

The hall can hold 2000 people. 这个大厅能盛2000人The war lasted four years. 这场战争持续了4年2.在主动语态中，动词make, see, hear等后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式不带to，但变为被动语态时，to必须补上。

The teacher made Tom answer it again.（主动语态）Tom was made to answer it again.（被动语态）【即时训练】①We saw the children play in the playground.（变为被动句）_______________________________________________________②The teacher makes the students clean the classroom.（变为被动句）________________________________________________________3.带介词或副词的短语动词变为被动语态时不可丢失其附加的介词或副词。

如：laugh at, send for, call on,hand in, carry out, take care of, make use of, pay attention to等。

The wounded are taken good care of.伤员得到了很好的照顾。

Your pronunciation must be paid attention to.一定要注意你的发音。

4.不及物动词与状语连用，用以表示主语的品质和状态。

（常搭配的副词：well, easily, perfectly, badly）常见动词是：cut, sell, read, write, fill, cook, lock, wear, wash, clean, open, close, shut, drive, keep等。

This knife cuts well. 这把刀好切。

These books sell well. 这些书好卖。

The pen writes smoothly. 这支笔写起来流畅。

Meat won’t keep long in such hot weather. 肉在这样热的天气里放不长久。

5.动词look, smell, taste, sound, feel, prove, turn out等用作连系动词时不用于被动语态，但有被动含义。

The apples taste good.The flower smells wonderful.The news proved/turned out true.6.作“需要”讲的want, need, require后可接动名词形式表示被动意义，be worth后也可接动名词表示被动意义。

The machine needs repairing. （=The machine needs to be repaired.）这台机器需要修理。

The book is well worth reading.这本书很值得一读。

【即时训练】汉译英①这个房间需要打扫一下。

（两种表达方式）_____________________________________________________②这些花需要浇水。

（两种表达方式）_____________________________________________________③棉花摸起来很柔软。

_____________________________________________________7.主语＋get＋过去分词＋其它成分They got caught in the storm. 他们碰上了暴风雨。

She got fired because of her faults. 她由于过失被解雇了。

注意：使用这种结构不能带有“by＋施动者”在现代英语中大量地出现了由"get+及物动词的过去分词" 构成的被动语态，这就叫做get-型被动语态。

get-型被动语态中的过去分词数量有限，通常为单个的动词或比较简单的动词短语。

▲get+及物动词的过去分词get常同marry, beat, break, damage, tear, strike, hurt, paint, invite, repair, dress, pay, wound等动词的-ed形式连用，构成被动语态。

这种结构一般指动作的结果而非动作本身，常指"最后终于，突然发生"等意义。

He got wounded in the battle. 他在战斗中受伤了。

The boy got hurt on his way home from work. 男孩在回家的路上受伤了。

▲get-型被动语态一般不宜用在含有双宾语的结构中，也不宜与see, hear, watch, listen to等感官动词构成被动语态。

The old man was offered a large sum of money. （正）有人给了这位老人一大笔钱。

The old man got offered a large sum of money. （误）▲get-型被动语态有时有言外之意或具有感情色彩He got taught a lesson. 他被教训了一顿。

（有“活该”之意）How did the window get closed？窗户怎么关上了？（有“不该关上’之意）▲get-型被动语态有时表示开始进入某种状态，而be+动词的-ed形式只表示存在的状态。

She got tired. 她感到累了。

（有开始感到疲劳的含义）She was tired. （只表示“她累了”）【即时训练】① The criminal _______ ________ at last. 那个罪犯最终被捕了。

① He________ ________in the leg. 他伤了腿。

③Be careful when you cross the road, or you may _______ ________ by a car.过马路时要小心，否则你可能会被小汽车撞到。

8.“主语＋be＋过去分词＋其它成分”可以是被动语态，也可以是系表结构。

区别：被动语态表示动作，可以带by短语；系表结构表示主语的状态，不带by短语。

The novel is written by a young writer.这部小说是一位青年作家写的。

（被动语态）The novel is well written.这部小说写得好。

（系表结构）9.带有双宾语（直接宾语和间接宾语）的主动句变为被动句，其主语可以是直接宾语，也可以是间接宾语。

She lent me a bike. 被动：▲I was lent a bike (by her).▲A bike was lent to me (by her).10.情态动词＋be＋过去分词This problem must be worked out in half an hour.这个问题一定要在半小时内解决。

【即时训练】①为了保护人类，核武器必须被毁掉。

In order to protect us humans, the nuclear weapons ________ _______ _________.①房间必须保持整洁。

The room _______ _______ ________ clean.11.双重被动式：主语＋被动式谓语＋不定式的被动式＋其它成分These magazines are not allowed to be taken out of the reading-room.The murderer was ordered to be shot.12.有一类接宾语从句的动词，如say, report, expect, think, believe, suppose, consider, know等，其被动语态可以有两种变法。

常见的有：It's not known that… ……不得而知，It's said that… 据说……，It's reported that… 据报道…… ，It's not decided that…尚未决定，It's believed that… 据认为……，It's announced that…据宣布……●People say that he is an agricultural scientists.=It is said that he is an agricultural scientist.=He is said to be an agricultural scientist.●We expect that our team will win the game.=It is expected that our team will win the game.=Our team is expected to win the game.【基础题组】：一、单选题1. _____ a new library _____ in our school last year?A. Is; builtB. Was; builtC. Does; buildD. Did ; build2. An accident ____ on this road last week.A. has been happenedB. was happenedC. is happenedD. happened3. —Have you got the result of the last examination?—Not yet. We’ve been told that the papers ________.A. are being markedB. are markedC. have been markedD. were marked4. So far, the moon ____ by man already.A.is visitedB. will be visitedC. has been visitedD. was visited5. A talk on Chinese history _____ in the school hall next week.A. is givenB. has been givenC. will be givenD. gives6. How many trees ____ this year?A. are plantedB. will plantC. have been plantedD. are being planted7. A lot of things ____ by people to save the little girl now.A. are doingB. are being doneC. has been doneD. will be done8. --When ___ this kind of computers______?--Last year.A.did; useB. was; usedC. is; usedD. are; used9. Though I ___ not to buy more new clothes, I did buy that fancy dress, whose cloth feels smooth and ___ easily.A. am warned; washesB. have been warned; is washedC. had been warned; washesD. was warned; is washed10. Who _____ this book _____?A. did; writtenB. was; written byC. did; writtenD. was; written11.Food supplies in the flood-stricken area ______ .We must act immediately before there’s none left.A.have run outB. are running outC. have been run outD. are being run out12. If you go there alone after dark you might get _____.A. attacked and robbedB. attacking and robbingC. to attack and robD. to be attacked and robbed13. What I wanted to know was when and where the meeting ______.A. was holdingB. had heldC. was to holdD. was to be held14. He kept a little notebook, in which ______ the names and addresses of his friends.A. wroteB. was writingC. were writtenD. was written15. Unless some extra money ________, the theatre will close.A. was foundB. findsC. is foundD. found16. We won't start the work until all the preparations ________．A. are being madeB. will be madeC. have been madeD. had been made17. Once harm _____ to the environment, it takes years to have the system recovered.A. is being doneB. is doneC. will be doneD. has been done18. The school board(董事会) is made up of parents who ______ to make decisions about school affairs.A. have been electedB. had been electedC. will be electedD. are being elected19. We've had a good start, but next, more work needs ____ to achieve the final success.A. being doneB. doC. to be doneD. to do20. Film has a much shorter history, especially when _______ such art forms as music and painting.A. having compared toB. comparing toC. compare toD. compared to21. There are many kinds _____, but I don’t know which to buy.A. to be chosenB. to choose fromC. to chooseD. for choosing二、用所给词的正确形式填空1. They are living with their parents for the moment because their own house ________________. (rebuild)2. Shakespeare’s play Hamlet ____________ into at least ten different films over the past years. (made)3. At present, the disabled with no relatives in Guangzhou ____________ care of by the volunteers, who will graduate from Guangzhou University next year. (take)4. In some parts of the world, tea __________ with milk and sugar. (serve)5. Cleaning women in big cities usually get _____ by the hour. (pay)6. Rainforests ______ and burned at near future. (cut)7. If nothing ________, the oceans will turn into fish deserts. (do)8. Every possible means ____________ ,but none proves successful. (try)9. --What’s that noise? --Oh, I forgot to tell you. The new machine _______________. (test)10. You’ve failed to do what you ____________ to and I’m afraid the teacher will blame you. (expect)11. His sister left home in 1998, and _____________ of since. (not hear)12. We are confident that the environment _____________ by our further efforts. (improve)13. The teacher ordered that all of the desks ______________ away. (take)14. Shortly after we ________(seat), a waiter came over to our table with a smile.【巩固题组】：一、单句语法填空1.To my delight, I _________(choose) from hundreds of applications to attend the opening ceremony.2.Despite the previous rounds of talks, no argument __________(reach) so far by the two sides.3.Steam engines _________(use) to pull the carriages and it must have been fairly unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise.4.The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts _______(reward) with success in the end.5.While waiting for the opportunity to get _________(promote) , Henry did his best to perform his duty.6.—So what is the procedure?—All the applications ________(interview) before a final decision is made by the authority.7.One learns a language by making mistakes and _________(correct) them.8.More efforts, as reported, _________(make) in the years ahead to accelerate the supply-side structural reform.9.Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, _________(regard) as one of the best all-round forms of exercise.10.The publication of Great Expectations, which________(be) both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dicken’s status as a leading novelist.11.He hurried home, never once looking back to see if he __________(follow).12.I had a strong desire to reach in and play with the toy, but _________(hold) back thankfully bu the shop window.13.Unless some extra money ________(find), the theater will close.14.It is reported that many a new house _________(build) at present in the flooded area.15.If nothing _________(do), the oceans will turn into fish deserts.二、单句写作1.These children ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________.（必须被好好照看）2.The traffic was held up because the road________ ________ _________. （正在被修）3.His suggestions ________ ________ _________.（听起来很合理）4.This dictionary ________ ________ ________ ________.（很值得买）5.He was made ________ ________ __________.（加班）6.John and Jane ________ _________（结婚）last month.7._______ _______ ________ ________（据说）another steel plant will be set up in this city.8.The door _______ _______ ________（不容易打开）.【拔高题组】：一、单句填空1. The temperature will fall sharply the day after tomorrow, when a snowman ___________(expect) to strike our area.2. With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth _________(wash) away each year.3. Although the causes of cancer _________(uncover), we do not yet have any practical way to prevent it.4. It is believed that many more popular terms _________(create) on the Internet this year.5. Nothing but some ancient Chinese coins _________(find) in the sunken ship since they began the exploration.6. They were ahead during the first half of the match, but they _________(beat) in the last five minutes.7. In the last few months many practice exams _________(give) to sharpen the students’ examination skills.8. The school board is made up of parents who _______(elect) to make decisions about school affairs.9. The famous musician, as well as his students, ________(invite) to perform at the opening ceremony of the sport meeting in 2016.10. The procedure is that all the applications __________(interview) before a final decision is made by the authority.二、语篇语法填空Deep in the tropical forests of Southeast Asia, there may be thousands of species waiting to be discovered. According to a recent report, 163 new species 1 (record) in the region in 2016.The Great Mekong region includes all or parts of six countries. The area 2 (know) for its rich biodiversity. More than 2,000 new plant and animal species 3 (discover) there since 1997.One of these scientists is Olivier Pauwels. The jungles of Phuket Island in Thailand 4 (explore) by him and his teams in 2015. There, they discovered a new lizard, nicknamed the Phuket dragon.“Seeing this little dragon at night in the middle of the jungle was just magic,” Pauwels says. “We immediately realized a new species 5 (deal) with by us.”Despite the discoveries, it’s not all good news for the region. The habitats of many species 6 (destroy) by an increase in construction projects so far. A threat to wildlife 7 (pose) by poachers in the region, too.Pauwels says it’s important to find and document new species because they can’t 8 (save) if we don’t know they exist.“Many more cool species for kids 9 (find) in the future, as long as the forests and waters that they call home 10 (protect) very well,” Pauwels says.。