大学英语精读4第一课_课文分析
大学英语精读4-董亚芬_课文-翻译
1一个大学男孩，不清楚赚钱需要付出艰苦的劳动，被一份许诺轻松赚大钱的广告吸引了。
男孩们很快就明白，如果事情看起来好得不像真的，那多半确实不是真的。
轻轻松松赚大钱“你们该看看这个，”我向我们的两个读大学的儿子建议道。
“你们若想避免因为老是向人讨钱而有失尊严的话，这兴许是一种办法。
”我将挂在我们门把手上的、装在一个塑料袋里的几本杂志拿给他们。
塑料袋上印着一条信息说，需要招聘人投递这样的袋子，这活儿既轻松又赚钱。
(“轻轻松松赚大钱!”) “我不在乎失不失尊严，”大儿子回答说。
“我可以忍受，”他的弟弟附和道。
“看到你们俩伸手讨钱讨惯了一点也不感到尴尬的样子，真使我痛心，”我说。
孩子们说他们可以考虑考虑投递杂志的事。
我听了很高兴，便离城出差去了。
午夜时分，我已远离家门，在一家旅馆的房间里舒舒服服住了下来。
电话铃响了，是妻子打来的。
她想知道我这一天过得可好。
“好极了!”我兴高采烈地说。
“你过得怎么样”我问道。
“棒极了!”她大声挖苦道。
“真棒!而且这还仅仅是个开始。
又一辆卡车刚在门前停下。
”“又一辆卡车”?“今晚第三辆了。
第一辆运来了四千份蒙哥马利-沃德百货公司的广告；第二辆运来四千份西尔斯-罗伯克百货公司的广告。
我不知道这一辆装的啥，但我肯定又是四千份什么的。
既然这事是你促成的，我想你或许想了解事情的进展。
”我之所以受到指责，事情原来是这样：由于发生了一起报业工人罢工，通常夹在星期日报纸里的广告插页，必须派人直接投送出去。
公司答应给我们的孩子六百美金，任务是将这些广告插页在星期天早晨之前投递到四千户人家去。
“不费吹灰之力!”我们上大学的大儿子嚷道。
“六百块!”他的弟弟应声道，“我们两个钟点就能干完!”“西尔斯和沃德的广告通常都是报纸那么大的四页，”妻子告诉我说，“现在我们门廊上堆着三万二千页广告。
就在我们说话的当儿，两个大个子正各抱着一大捆广告走过来。
这么多广告，我们可怎么办”。
“你让孩子们快干，”我指示说。
现代大学英语精读4_lesson1_lesson8课后答案
Key to the Exercises3.15) out of sight16) in this instance17) to think well/ill of sb18) to confront sb with sth19) to lag behind20) to confer sth on sb21) for my money22) to be too much for sb23) to make for24) to set out to do sth25) few and far between26) to aspire to27) at the best of times28) all over again29) to do away with30) to stand to lose4.Increase your vacabulary with the help of the rules of word-building1) Find the most useful derivatives of the following.satisfy: satisfied, satisfying, satisfactory, satisfaction, unsatisfied, dissatisfied resist: resistance, resistant, irresistiblejust: unjust, justice, injustice, justify, justified, justification, justifiable cohere: coherent, coherence, incoherent, incoherencecenter ( v): center (n. ), central, centralize, centralization, decentralize, decentralization visit: visitor, visitation, revisit (The following words are also related to visit: visible, invisible, visibility, vision, visual, television, supervise)integrate: integration, integrated, integral, disintegrate, disintegration, integrityMore Work on theTextVocabulary1.1) into Chinese.1) into Chinese.(1)浴巾(2) (美)小学(3)永恒的真理 (4)文件柜(5)纯属无稽之谈(6)违规行为(7)常客(8)新鲜空气(9)格调很高的独自(一个人唱高调)(10)一种固定的观点(11)时事(当前国外大事)(12)身体障碍(13)可怕吓人的风(14)令人厌恶的景象(15)言语障碍(16)使人兴奋冲动的爱国激情(17)无情的人侵者(18)首相(19)国际联盟(国联)(20)思维过程(思想方式)(21)条理清楚的文章(22)一个完整的体系(23)一位口译好手(24)一种不可阻挡的趋向(25)烂苹果(26)根据事实(启示〉写成的(27)一位点头之交2) into English.(1) to sink one's head(2) to sink the ship(3) to contemplate the meaning of life(4) to catch the light(5) to ruin one's health(6) to ruin the country(7) to bang the desk(8) to playa prominent role(9) to hold a prominent position(10) a pious Buddhist(11) to gain a reputation(12) to satisfy one's ego(13) to give sb the third degree(14) to devise a teaching method(15) to slide a gun into sb's hand2.1) Synonyms.(1) to spring (to jump, to leap)(2) lest (for fear that)(3) utterly (completely)(4) to symbolize (to represent)(5) to sink one's head (to lower ... )(6) to contemplate (to think/ponder)(7) spectacles (glasses)(8) impediment (barrier, obstacle)(9) to collapse (to fall/to tumble down)(10) to ruin (to destroy)(11) to vanish (to disappear)(12) oddly (strangely)(13) to aspire to (to desire/to aim for)(14) to do away with (to eliminate)(15) to stop/give up (smoking) (to quit)(16) deficiency (weakness, fault, shortcoming)(17) folly (stupidity)2) Antonyms.(1) coherent (incoherent)(2) mental (physical)(3) disinterested (interested)(4) hideous (pleasant)(5) settled (unsettled)(6) frequent (infrequent)(7) integration (disintegration)(8) proficient (incompetent)(9) to destroy (to create)(10) to surpass (to lag behind)(11) remorseless (remorseful)(12) to vanish (to appear)(13) accustomed (unaccustomed)(14) irreverent (reverent)(15) few and far between (many, innumerable, countless, numerous) (6) loyalty (disloyalty)(17) contented (discontented)(18) pre-war (post-war)(19) prominent (unimportant)3. Translate1) I knew I could expect my brother to stand by me whatever happened.2) As a general rule, young people tend to be more interested in the present and the future.3) Both sides will stand to lose if they do not compromise.4) It is our hope to integrate all the courses and teaching materials.5) The Chinese written language has been a major factor for integrating our nation.6) In traditional Chinese art, the bamboo stands for moral integrity and uprightness.7) The great majority of the people stand for reform.8) Queen Elizabeth the First ruled England for 45 years, and the country prospered under her rule.9) The truth is always in the hands of a small minority at first. That's the rule.10) Democracy means that the majority rules, but the minority's right to disagree is also respected.These two basic rules are of equal importance.11) A nation cannot be strong unless it is well-integrated economically, politically and culturallyas well as geographically.13) The party was boring, so she slipped out of the room and went home.14) The road was muddy. He slipped and fell into the river.15) One day I was drowning my sorrows in a restaurant because I was broke when he came and slippeda roll of money into my hand.16) The Court of Florida ruled that it was necessary to recount the votes.17) The idea that the sun moves round the earth ruled ancient scholars for more than a thousand years.18) The hutongs are an integral part of old Beijing.19) Days slipped by and I still had not made much progress.20) He weighed every word carefully lest he should make a mistake.21) Her health was such that she would not go out in the sun even in winter lest she got sunstroke.4.1)c.2) A.3) D.4) A.5) B.6) B.7) C.8) B.9) A.10) C.11)D12) A.13) A.14) B.5.1) (1) sexy (2) sexual (3) sexy (4) sexist (5) sexual2) (1) uninterested (2) disinterested (3) disinterested (4) disinterested, uninterested3) (1) Literary (2) literally (3) literate (4) literal (5) literary4) (1) bulging (2) sticking out of (3) bulging (4) bulging (5) sticking out of( 6) protruding, protruding5) (1) slid (2) slip (3) slipped (4) sliding (5) slip6) (1) prestige (2) reputation (3) reputation (4) prestige61) decisive2) sang beautifully3) robust4) soft5) democratic6) eloquent7) have lost his appetite.8) The slice of meat was so thick that it was quite (transparent).9) His room was surprisingly clean and tidy. It was almost as clean as (pigsty).10) Many people are just as original as (parrots).7(1) their(2) even(3) reason(4) disagree(5) to express(6) thinking(7) for(8) dealing with(9) Staying(10) hungry(11) gains(12) born of(13) can(14) superficial(15) whenIII Grammar11) Point out the parallel construction and its grammatical form in each of these sentences.(1) not by thought; by an invisible and irresistible spring in his neck-two prepositional phrases (contrast)(2) unconscious prejudice; 19norance; hypocrisy-three noun phrases (listing)(3) as proficient as most businessmen's golf; as honest as most politicians' intentions; as coherent as most books that get written-three comparative adjective phrases (listing)(4) all shouting the same thing; all warming their hands at the fire of their own prejudicestwo absolute constructions (listing)(5) watching the crowds cheering His Majesty the King; asking myself what all the fuss was about-two present participle phrases (as object complements, listing)(6) prejudices are called loyalties; pointless actions are turned into customs by repetition- two clauses (listing)(7) three coordinate clauses (listing)(8) to appreciate little that which we have; to long for that which we have not-two infinitive phrases as subject (contrast)(9) to be; not to be-two infinitive phrases as subject (choice)(10) give me liberty; give me death-two imperative clauses (choice)(11) is written without effort; is read without pleasure-two passive verb phrases (contrast)(12) you can fool all of the people some of the time and some of the people all of the time; you can't fool all of the people all of the time-two coordinate clauses connected by "but" (series plus contrast)The first clause itself contains two parallel constructions-all of the people some time; some of the people all of the time-connected by "and" (choice)2) Study and point out the function of the italicized part of these sentences.(1) adjective phrase as subject complement(2) deaf: adjective forming a complement to "someone" with "born"bitterly determined to find out about sound: adjective phrase as complement to "someone"(3) adjective phrase as subject complement(4) adjective phrase as attributive modifying "good life" (an adjective phrase modifying a noun should be placed after the noun)(5) adjective phrase as subject complement21) Thomas Edison says that genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration.2) Suzhou is known for its canals, gardens and tree-lined streets.3) The morning was dark, cold with a little snow in the air.4) The unemployed man wanted a job rather than welfare.Or: The unemployed man wanted to find a job rather than to apply for welfare.5) Crawling down a mountain is sometimes harder than climbing up.6) The essay is difficult to understand not because there are a lot of technical terms but becausethere are quite a few involved sentences.Or: The essay is difficult to understand not because of the technical terms 10 it but because of the involved sentences.7) For further information, you can either consult an encyclopaedia or surf the Internet.8) Not only China but also the rest of the world will benefit from her WTO entry. It is a win-winevent.Or: As a win-win event, China's WTO entry will be of benefit to both China and the rest of the world.9) The job of the university is not only making specialists of its students but also helping thembecome civilized citizens.Or: The job of the university is both to make specialists of its students and to help them becomecivilized citizens.10) Going to classes, doing his homework and reading occupy most of his waking hours at college. 31) 20 years later he returned as poor as when he had left.2) He arrived home from a coast-to-coast journey a bag of bones.3) The girl stared at her parents, puzzled, troubled and annoyed.4) The proposal was dismissed as impractical and unfeasible.5) Just some twenty feet away, crouched the wolf, ready to jump on the boy at any moment.6) The audience sat open-mouthed, watching the conjurers performing all sorts of tricks.7) The detective was lying awake in bed, thinking how they could capture the wanted man alive.8) The talk show host was pleased that he had passed through the crowd unrecognized.9) Sincere, compassionate, forgiving, Linda is the soul of the true, the good and the beautiful.10) Diogenes was lying in the sunshine, shoeless, bearded, and half-naked, but contented and happy. 41) You can force a student to attend classes, but you cannot force him to think.Or: You can force a student to attend classes, but not to think.2) The study of literature can help you to understand not only other people but also yourself.3) You can improve your writing by reading good models and by practicing writing.4) In the Middle Ages, people believed that the eatth was flat and that it was the center of the universe.5) I can afford neither the time nor the money to play golf with those big cheeses.6) Xiao Jin could not decide whether to apply for graduate studies right after college or to get ajob first.7) Love cures people-both those who give it and those who receive it.8) Excellent firms don't believe in perfection, only in constant improvement and constant change.9) Many things cannot be learned in the classroom, such as planning one's time, working on one's own and managing one's own affairs.10) In the past ten years people, especially old people, have been concerned more about their healththan about their income.51) looks, being complimented, will say, has come, felt, was, was always looking for, to hurt, wascalled, believed, heard, would come, take, replace, might/would happen, to make, would/might get, to fool, would say.2) became, should be removed, (I) 've learned, wouldn't really want, is, provides, isn't, dies, crashes,will lay, have been lying, find, rotting, sprout, goes on.61) C.2) D.3) B.4) D.5) A.6) C.7) B.8) A.9) C.10) B.1l)C.12) D.13) A.14) B.15) D.16) ALesson Two Waiting for the PoliceKey to exercises1. TranslateInto Chinese1.夜生活2.吃和住3.供吃住的寄宿舍4.一秒钟都不到5.玻璃弹子6.抽打死马（做徒劳无益的事）7.阿司匹林片8.在此情况下9.提前，事先10.走过场11.楼梯间平台的窗户12.紧气氛13.毛线针14.梦游15.飞机翼展Into English1.to whip up a little interest2.to keep the ball rolling3.to set the ball rolling4.an eccentric millionaire5.to allot capital6.to tighten one’s belt7.to make a remark8.to stretch out one’s hand9.to moisten one’s lips10.to complain of the weather11.to plunge the stick into the sand12.to turn on me13.to get on one’s nerve14.to put something out of someone’s mind15. to come off the hook16.to do a crossword puzzle17.to blow one’s nose18.to powder one’s nose19.to give an alibi2. Replace the italicized derogatory words int eh following sentences with commendatory ones.1. slim2. robust3. famous4. orator5. wonderful/terrific/superb/excellent6. beauty7. mansion8. innocent; kind-hearted9. principle10. revolutionaries11. debates12. boom13. thrifty; honesty or common decency14. Discussion15. Stability16. regulate3. Translate1.It is a miracle how our company has become a multinational in such a short span of time.2.The average life span in that country has increased from 42 years to 50 years in a matterof two decades.3.The conflict between the two countries has spanned more than half a century.4.There are four bridges spanning the river.5.I’m much obliged to you. Without your help, I would never have finished the book.6.No, you are not obliged to go to the party. You don’t have to go if you don’t want to.7.She’s always ready to oblige when people come to her for help.8.In the valley is a small lake right between a meadow and a hill. It is a perfect spotfor a picnic.9.Sitting in a shady spot, he soon dozed off.10.He criticized me on the spot when he saw me throw a plastic bad down by the roadside.11.It was a white shirt with blue spots. It looked quite pretty.12.The detective spotted the suspect, and he walked over and arrested him.13.One of the balloons popped, and it gave me quiet a start.14.It is very impolite to keep popping in and out of the classroom when the class is stillgoing on.15.When he saw the young man ready to pay for the BMW in cash, his eyes almost popped outof his head.16.In those countries, water is worth a lot more than oil. Friends will often bring tendollars’ worth of water as a gift.17.When this project is completed, it will benefit about a hundred thousand people. It willbe well worth the effort and investment.18.This movie is not worth seeing twice. In fact, it is not worth seeing at all.19.I think it is worthwhile to visit that place. I hear they have kept all their traditionalhouse intact – houses that were built in Ming-Qing styles.20.Jia Baoyu was sick and tired of being his father’s worthy son. He yearned for freedom.4. Put the most appropriate words in the blanks.1-6 B D A B B D7-12 B A CC A D5. Tell the difference between the following pairs or groups of words.1. 1) earnest/ serious2) serious3) serious4) earnest/serious5) serious2. 1) make full use of2) took advantage of3) take advantage of4) take full advantage of/ make full use of5) take advantage of6) make some use of3. 1) weird2) strange3) eccentric4) odd5) strange/unusual/odd; peculiar/weird4. 1) advise2) advised3) suggest4) proposed5) suggest6) propose7) proposes/suggests5. 1) always/constantly2) regularly3) normally/usually4) constantly5) always6) regularly; always7) normally/usually6. Study the following sentences and point out what it is that is being exaggerated. 1.how startled she was2.the fat that she never seemed to stop knitting3.how he has been touring the world to give lectures for money4.how all food is removed or destroyed leaving nothing for the enemy5.his poor shooting6.his chronic tardiness7.his dumbness8.the strong smell of the cheese9.his eagerness to please powerful people10.his complete absence of moral considerations in his attempt to grab money11.my hunger12.difficulties in life13.the number of people14.the amount of medicine15.the heavy pompous word7. Choose the best word or phrase for each blank from the four supplied in brackets.1.While2.average3.under4.being5.mutual6.favorable7.account8.status9.relate10.stay11.On12.actual13.friendly14.nervousness15.inMore work on the Text1.Grammar in context1.1) In the circumstances: explanatory2) approximately: explanatory3) as you know: afterthought4) and Mr. Houghton was ruined, there was no doubt about that: afterthought5) he explained: afterthought6) the trick of interrupting here: explanatory7) in fact: transitional8) I’ve often wondered: afterthought9) for his part: transitional10)it’s true: afterthought11) if anyone should ask my opinion: afterthought12) ‘for its part’ and ‘on the other hand’: both transitional2.Study and summarize ways of making suggestions.Using a question:1)Shouldn’t…2)Shall we…5)Why don’t you/weUsing an imperative sentence:6) Suppose we…7) Let’s…Using ‘suggest/propose’’3)I propose…4) I suggested…2.Insert the appropriate parenthetical expression into the sentences from the list below.1.In fact2.Especially at an advanced level3.It was that long, I am sure4.Of course5.However6.On the other hand7.I suppose8.Forty-five years ago9.Whether invited or not10.For example11.Voluntarily orinvoluntarily12.It had been tested only onceplete the senteces below by translating the Chinese in the brackets.1.I suggest/propose we break up for two weeks.2.Shouldn’t we get a lawyer3.Why don’t you go and have a look in4.Suppose we take/ Let’s take5.Why don’t we just stay home/ Let’s just stay home6.Take a shortcut through the sports-ground7.We propsoe that the UN security Council meet at the earliest possible time8.Shouldn’t they be informed of9.Let’s/ why don’t we draw lots10.Shall we set a limit4.Translate1.It seems the patient has no relatives in this city.2.It’s easy to make friends but difficult to keep them.3.He can always understand what his friends are thinking andworrying about.4.Perhaps it wasn’t Xiao Jiang at all who had left the taprunning all night.5.The boy had no idea how he had become an old man in half a day.6.I wonder how Wang Ning has been doing in London. I havent heardfrom him for almost a year.7.It doesn’t matter what family you were born into. The realtest is how far you can go from where you started.8.She simply couldn’t believe what she saw. It was onlyyesterday that the twin towers were standing there.9.Juror No. 8 pointed out that it might have been someone elsewho had stabbed the boy’s father to death.10.In the market economy, it is primarily by idividuals andfirms rather tha by government agencies that decisions about what to produce, how much to produce are made.5.1. are making, were considered, are, are being used, don’t compact, have, starting, do2. will work, is, are , reproduces, deplete, is, are fueled, add3. can move, don’t tear, skin, will never take, are6.1-5 C D B C A6-10 D C A B B11-16 D A D C A B1. Translate 1) into Chinese (1) 专业的历史工作者 (2) 基于常识的反应 (3) 事物的这种状况 (4) 意见不一的历史学家 (5) 已经准备好了的现成的东西 (6) 一个个人喜好不同的问题 (7) 截然不同的观点 (8) 民间故事 (9) 书面文件 (10) 过去的遗留物 (11) 人的动机和行为 (12) 复杂和精细 (13) 商船 (14) 一旦发生潜艇战 (15) 一个粗糙的理论 (16) 好战的行为；战争行为 (17) 宣传机器 (18) 德国外交部长 (19) 实力平衡 (20) （事物的）因果 (21) 海岸炮兵 (22) 终极关怀 (23) （事物的）近因 (24) 人们常说的一句话 (25) 不会出错的解释 (26) 绝对有效的模式 (27) 永不停止的探索 (28) 一个难以达到但又十分诱人的目标2. Give synonyms and antonyms of the following. 1) synonyms(1) elusive : puzzling, baffling(2) intriguing: fascinating(3) evident: clear, plain, obvious, noticeable(4) ultimate: final, last(5) to revise: to correct, to change, to alter, to modify, to rewrite(6) to probe: to dig into, to investigate, to look into(7) belligerent: warlike, warring, aggressive, hostile(8) in addition to: besides, apart from, plus(9) in the event of: in the case of, should sth occur(10) nonetheless: nevertheless, in spite of that, just the same2）into English (1) to gain new insights (2) to revise one ’s ideas (3) to trace the cause (4) to begin from this premise (5) to open fire on/at (6) to give equal weight to sth (7) to support a certain view (8) to influence the government (9) to destroy the balance of power (10) to form an alliance (11) to repay the loans (12) to contemplate war (13) to fill in the gaps (14) to conclude the quest (15) to view sth from a certain perspective (16) to benefit from the comparison (17) to eliminate from the comparison (18) to dig into the problem (19) to be immersed in a vast sea (20) to stem from a different point of view (21) to be destined to do sth (22) to ignore the fact (23) to make an assumption (24) to defeat the enemy (25) to win back one ’s lost territory (26) to sink a boat (27) to intercept the secret message (28) to piece together evidence (29) to approximate the truth (30) to master new techniques(11) to conclude ( the quest) : to end (the search / probing)(12) to denote: to refer to(13) persuasively: convincingly(14) more or less: on the whole, generally speaking(15) moreover: in addition, besides, apart from that, what’s more(16) by way of: through2)antonyms(1)to be faulted: to be praised(2)exhilarating: depressing(3)unquestioned: doubtful(4)validity: unsoundness, weakness(5)premise: conclusion(6)motivation: effect(7)proportionate: disproportionate(8)pro-British: anti-British(9)to take into account: to ignore(10) crude (theory): a well-developed (theory), a sophisticated (theory)(11) confused: clear, clear-minded(12) professional: non-professional, amateurish3.Replace the words in bold type with words and phrases you know that convey more or lessthe same meaning.1)simple/primitive; told; thick2)pondering/thinking about; future/fate; insignificant3)completely/entirely; different/opposite4)consider/regard; look at; angles/points of view5)knows very well; growing/increasing; complaints6)besides/apart from; easy; in the case of/if there is7)purposely paid no attention to8)generally/on the whole; however/but; come from/originate from9)absolutely reliable; wipe out/get rid of; bound to4.Translate1)The cause of the aircraft crash is so far unknown.2)The cause of global warming is still hotly debated among scientists.3)He devoted all his life to the cause of environmental protection.4)The river has caused us a lot of trouble in history.5)What do you think caused the upsurge in international terrorism?6)We must try and unite with those who have opposed us.7)There is always opposition to any progress and reform.8)Some people are always opposed to new things.9) A lot of those loans were never repaid. That high ratio of bad debts finally led tothe financial crisis in this second economic power in the world.10)The Business Bank now offers a special loan to students who can’t pay for theireducation.11)The boy asked Mrs. Stow for the loan of her binoculars.12)She concluded her speech by saying that she hoped she could come again some day andsee more of the country.13)As soon as they concluded the investigation, they were to report to the SecurityCouncil.14)During his visit, he will conclude a new trade agreement with India.15)Based on those reasonable doubts, the jury had to conclude that the boy was not guilty.16)She is flying to New York by way of Tokyo.17)I’d like to say a few words about the situation in the sixties of the last centuryby way of an introduction to the movie.18)They decided to recall their ambassador by way of protest.5.Put the most appropriate words in the blanks.1)while/although; to2)over/about; with3)to; in4)led to/resulted in/caused5)with; lends/gives/brings6)from; in7)as to; of8)in the even of; survive9)to; to; study10)out; in11)in; weight/priority12)denote; of13)immersed/buried; more or less14)rather; the more15)at; stems from/comes from/originates from/results from16)base; filled inLesson Four A Drink in the PassageI. Oral work (omitted)II. Vocabulary Test:1 Translate1) into Chinese.(1)难以解决的两难困境(2)一本难以看懂的书(3)一个爱交际的女人(4)黑市(5)黑色幽默(6)害群之马2) into English(1)to celebrate its Golden Jubilee(2)to excite admiration(3)to touch the conscience(4)to win the prize(5)to receive a reprimand(6)to omit the words2. Study the difference between the following pairs or groups of words.1)(1)renounce (2)announce (3)renounce (4)denounced2)(1)avoid; prevent (2)prevent (3)avoid (4)averted/ avoided/ preventedIII. Grammar work1. Complete the following sentences with the right from of the verb in the brackets. (1) is (2) are (3)was (4)frightens2. Translate the sentences into English.1) Using “It is/ was said/ believed, etc.” to express general beliefs.(1)It’s widely rumored that Linda’s getting promoted.(2)It is estimated that the project will cost RMB three billion.(3)It is assumed that the Labor Party will remain in power.(4)It was proposed a few years ago that the president be elected for one term only. 2) Paying special attention to subject-verb agreement.(1)The jury is having trouble reaching a verdict.(2)Whenever either of us is in a tight corner, we always come to each other’s help.(3)Statistics are facts obtained from analyzing information given in numbers.(4)Statistics is a branch of mathematics concerned with the study of information that is expressed in numbers.3. Put in appropriate connectives.(1)as , where , that/which, if/ whether, but , if.4. Complete each of the following sentences with the most likely answer.(1) B (2)A (3)A四册六单元课后习题答案Key to the exercisesVocabulary1. Translate.2) into Chinese.(1)非理性因素 (2)过去的好日子 (3)思想模式(4)旧的故事 (5)思路 (6)鲜明的对比(7)强烈的满足感 (8)感情上的联想 (9)一场恶吵(10)酸葡萄 (11)—毫无根据的意见 (12)社会地位(13)重要而有说服力的因素 (14)怀疑的余地 (15)一种教条的观点(16)大学者们／大才子们 (17)不可避免的结果 (18)长期的斗争(19)互相矛盾冲突的观点 (20)鲜明的例子 (21)根深蒂固的信仰(22)仅仅是断言2) into English.(1) to classify propositions (2) to hold an opinion(3) to establish convictions (4) to reverse the process(5) to question the truth (6) to adopt a new belief ,(7) to demonstrate the contrary (8) to credit the fact(9) to entertain an opinion (10) to acquire wealth(11) to extend the term (12) to abandon belief(13)to value their respect (14) to belittle their opinions(15) to make an allowance (16) to alter our thought patterns(17) to take the same course (18) to parrot others' ideas2. Put appropriate prepositions or adverbs in the blanks.1) out/:over 2) on/upon 3) at; about 4) off 5) on; off 6) out; as 7) as; ou t 8) off 9) as; out 10) on; as 11) off; as 12) at; as 13) as; out 14) out; o ut3. Replace the words and expressions italicized with suitable words and exp ressions from the text.1) meet with; proposition; bare assertion 2) accept a view uncritically; res ts upon; mere3) deeply-rooted propositions; established 4) hold opposite views; conflicti ng interests5) parroting; tend to; such ideas as fit in with 6) conceive of; consistent with7) is also true of; make allowance for 8) stock subjects; going to the dogs 9) in fashion; a strong argument in its favor 10) bear grudge against; or as the case may be11) belittle; are jealous of 12) attribute to13) As a rule; would be the last person to 14) consists in; shaking off15) In light of; on our guard 16) left us with no doubt4. Translate.。
大学英语精读第4册课文翻译及课后答案
大学英语精读第四册课文翻译Unit 1两个大学男孩 不清楚赚钱需要付出艰苦的劳动 被一份许诺轻松赚大钱的广告吸引了。
男孩们很快就明白 如果事情看起来好得不像真的 那多半确实不是真的。
轻轻松松赚大钱约翰•G•哈贝尔“你们该看看这个 ”我向我们的两个读大学的儿子建议道。
“你们若想避免因为老是向人讨钱而有失尊严的话 这兴许是一种办法。
”我将挂在我们门把手上的、装在一个塑料袋里的几本杂志拿给他们。
塑料袋上印着一条信息说 需要招聘人投递这样的袋子 这活儿既轻松又赚钱。
“轻轻松松赚大钱!” “我不在乎失不失尊严 ”大儿子回答说。
“我可以忍受 ”他的弟弟附和道。
“看到你们俩伸手讨钱讨惯了一点也不感到尴尬的样子 真使我痛心 ”我说。
孩子们说他们可以考虑考虑投递杂志的事。
我听了很高兴 便离城出差去了。
午夜时分 我已远离家门 在一家旅馆的房间里舒舒服服住了下来。
电话铃响了 是妻子打来的。
她想知道我这一天过得可好。
“好极了!”我兴高采烈地说。
“你过得怎么样?”我问道。
“棒极了!”她大声挖苦道。
“真棒!而且这还仅仅是个开始。
又一辆卡车刚在门前停下。
”“又一辆卡车?”“今晚第三辆了。
第一辆运来了四千份蒙哥马利-沃德百货公司的广告 第二辆运来四千份西尔斯-罗伯克百货公司的广告。
我不知道这一辆装的啥 但我肯定又是四千份什么的。
既然这事是你促成的 我想你或许想了解事情的进展。
”我之所以受到指责 事情原来是这样 由于发生了一起报业工人罢工 通常夹在星期日报纸里的广告插页 必须派人直接投送出去。
公司答应给我们的孩子六百美金 任务是将这些广告插页在星期天早晨之前投递到四千户人家去。
“不费吹灰之力!”我们上大学的大儿子嚷道。
“六百块!”他的弟弟应声道 “我们两个钟点就能干完!”“西尔斯和沃德的广告通常都是报纸那么大的四页 ”妻子告诉我说 “现在我们门廊上堆着三万二千页广告。
就在我们说话的当儿 两个大个子正各抱着一大捆广告走过来。
这么多广告 我们可怎么办?”“你让孩子们快干 ”我指示说。
现代大学英语精读4 第一课翻译
Thinking as a Hobby思考作为一种嗜好还是个孩子的时候我就得出了思考分三种等级的结论。
后来思考成了嗜好，我进而得出了一个更加离奇的结论，那就是：我自己根本不会思考。
那个时候我一定是个很让大人头疼的小孩。
当然我已经忘记自己当初在他们眼里是什么样子了,但却记得他们一开始在我眼中就是如何不可理喻的。
第一个把思考这个问题带到我面前的是我文法学校的校长，当然这样的方式，这样的结果是他始料不及的。
他的办公室里有一些小雕像，就在他书桌后面一个高高的橱柜上面。
其中一位女士除了一条浴巾外一丝不挂。
她好象被永远地冻结在对浴巾再往下滑的恐惧中了。
而不幸的是她没有手臂，所以无法把浴巾拉上来。
在她的身边蜷伏着一头美洲豹，好象随时都会往下跳到档案橱柜最上层的抽屉上去，我懵懵懂懂地把那个抽屉上标着的"A-AH"理解成为猎物临死前绝望的哀鸣/惨叫。
在豹子的另一边端坐着一个健硕的裸体男子，他手肘支在膝头，手握拳托着腮帮子，全然一副痛苦不堪的样子。
过了一些时候，我对这些雕像有了一些了解,才知道把它们放在正对着犯错的孩子的位置是因为对校长来说这些雕像象征着整个生命。
那位裸体的女士是米洛斯的维纳丝。
她象征着爱。
她不是在为浴巾担心，而是忙着显示美丽。
美洲豹象征着自然，它在那里显得很自然而已。
那位健硕的裸体男子并不痛苦，他是洛丁的思索者，一个纯粹思索的象征。
要买到表达生活在你心中的意义的小石膏像是很容易的事情。
我想我得解释一下，我是校长办公室的常客，为我最近做过或者没做的事情。
用现在的话来说我是不堪教化的。
其实应该说，我是顽劣不羁，头脑迷糊的。
大人们从来不讲道理。
每次在校长桌前接受处罚，那些雕像在他上方白晃晃地耀眼时，我就会垂下头，在身后紧扣双手，两只鞋不停地蹭来蹭去。
校长透过亮晶晶的眼镜片眼神暗淡地看着我，：“我们该拿你怎么办呢？”哦，他们要拿我怎么办呢？我盯着旧地毯更狠命地蹂躏我的鞋。
“抬起头来，孩子！你就不能抬起头来吗？”然后我就会抬起头来看橱柜，看着裸体女士被冻结在恐惧中，健硕的男子无限忧郁地凝视着猎豹的后腿。
精读4 第一课 thinking as a hobby
Thinking as a Hobby 思考作为一种嗜好还就是个孩子得时候我就得出了思考分三种等级得结论。
后来思考成了嗜好，我进而得出了一个更加离奇得结论，那就就是：我自己根本不会思考。
那个时候我一定就是个很让大人头疼得小孩。
当然我已经忘记自己当初在她们眼里就是什么样子了,但却记得她们一开始在我眼中就就是如何不可理喻得。
第一个把思考这个问题带到我面前得就是我文法学校得校长，当然这样得方式，这样得结果就是她始料不及得。
她得办公室里有一些小雕像，就在她书桌后面一个高高得橱柜上面。
其中一位女士除了一条浴巾外一丝不挂。
她好象被永远地冻结在对浴巾再往下滑得恐惧中了。
而不幸得就是她没有手臂，所以无法把浴巾拉上来。
在她得身边蜷伏着一头美洲豹，好象随时都会往下跳到档案橱柜最上层得抽屉上去，我懵懵懂懂地把那个抽屉上标着得"A-AH"理解成为猎物临死前绝望得哀鸣/惨叫。
在豹子得另一边端坐着一个健硕得裸体男子，她手肘支在膝头，手握拳托着腮帮子，全然一副痛苦不堪得样子。
过了一些时候，我对这些雕像有了一些了解,才知道把它们放在正对着犯错得孩子得位置就是因为对校长来说这些雕像象征着整个生命。
那位裸体得女士就是米洛斯得维纳丝。
她象征着爱。
她不就是在为浴巾担心，而就是忙着显示美丽。
美洲豹象征着自然，它在那里显得很自然而已。
那位健硕得裸体男子并不痛苦，她就是洛丁得思索者，一个纯粹思索得象征。
要买到表达生活在您心中得意义得小石膏像就是很容易得事情。
我想我得解释一下，我就是校长办公室得常客，为我最近做过或者没做得事情。
用现在得话来说我就是不堪教化得。
其实应该说，我就是顽劣不羁，头脑迷糊得。
大人们从来不讲道理。
每次在校长桌前接受处罚，那些雕像在她上方白晃晃地耀眼时，我就会垂下头，在身后紧扣双手，两只鞋不停地蹭来蹭去。
校长透过亮晶晶得眼镜片眼神暗淡地瞧着我，：“我们该拿您怎么办呢？”哦，她们要拿我怎么办呢？我盯着旧地毯更狠命地蹂躏我得鞋。
新起点大学英语精读第四册Unit1BigBuckstheEasyWay剖析
Unit One:Big Bucks the Easy WayTwo college-age boys, unaware that making moneyusually involves hard wor k, are tempted by anadvertisement that promises them an easy way toearn a lot of money. The boys soon learn that ifsomething seems to good to be true , it probably is.BIG BUCKS THE EASY WAYJohn G. Hubbell"You ought to look into this," I suggested to our twocollege-age sons."It might be a way to avoid the indignity of having to ask for money all theti me." I handed them some magazines in a plastic bag someone bad hung on our doorknob. Amessage printed on the bag offered leisurely, lucrative work ( "Big Bucks the Easy Way!") ofdelivering more such bags."I don't mind the indignity," the older one answered."I can live with it," his brother agreed."But it pains me," I said，"to find that you both have been panhandling so long that it no longerembarr asses you."The boys said they would look into the magazine-delivery thing. Pleased, I le ft town on abusiness trip. By midnight I was comfortably settled in a hotel ro om far from home. The phonerang. It was my wife. She wanted to know how my day had gone."Great!" I enthused. "How was your day?" I inquired."Super!" She snapped."Just super! And it's only getting started. Another truck just pulled upout fron t.""Another truck?""The third one this evening. The first delivered four thousand Montgomery Wa rds. The secondbrought four thousand Sears, Roebucks. I don't know what thi s one has, but I'm sure it will befour thousand of something. Since you are re sponsible, I thought you might like to knowwhat's happening.What I was being blamed for, it turned out, was a newspaper strike which m ade it necessary tohand-deliver the advertising inserts that normally are inclu ded with the Sunday paper. Thecompany had promised our boys $600 for deli vering these inserts to 4,000 houses by Sundaymorning."Piece of cake!" our older college son had shouted." Six hundred bucks!" His brother had echoed,"And we can do the job in two hours!""Both the Sears and Ward ads are four newspaper-size pages," my wife infor med me."Thereare thirty-two thousand pages of advertising on our porch. Even as we speak, two big guys arecarrying armloads of paper up the walk. What do we d o about all this?""Just tell the boys to get busy," I instructed."They're college men. They'll do what they have todo."At noon the following day I returned to the hotel and found an urgent messag e to telephonemy wife. Her voice was unnaturally high and quavering. There had been several more truckloadsof ad inserts."They're for department stores, dime stores, drugstores, grocery stores, auto stores and so on. Some are whole magazine sections. We have hundreds of t housands, maybemillions, of pages of advertising here! They are crammed wa ll-to-wall all through the house instacks taller than your oldest son. There's on ly enough room for people to walk in, take oneeach of the eleven inserts, roll them together, slip a rubber band around them and slide theminto a plasti c bag. We have enough plastic bags to supply every takeout restaurant inA merica!" Her voice kept rising, as if working its way out of the range of the h uman ear. "Allthis must be delivered by seven o'clock Sunday morning." "Well, you had better get those guys banding and sliding as fast as they can, and I'll talk to youlater. Got a lunch date.When I returned, there was another urgent call from my wife."Did you have a nice lunch?" she asked sweetly. I had had a marvelous stea k, but knew betterby now than to say so."Awful," I reported. "Some sort of sour fish. Eel, I think.""Good. Your college sons have hired their younger brothers and sisters and a couple ofneighborhood children to help for five dollars each. Assembly lines h ave been set up. In thelanguage of diplomacy, there is 'movement.'" "That's encouraging.""No, it's not," she corrected."It's very discouraging. They're been as it for hours. Plastic bagshave been f illed and piled to the ceiling, but all this hasn't made a dent, not a dent, in t hesituation! It's almost as if the inserts keep reproducing themselves!" "Another thing," she continued."Your college sons must learn that one does not get the bestout of employees by threatening them with bodily harm.Obtaining an audience with son NO. 1, I snarled,"I'll kill you if threaten one of those kids again!Idiot! You should be offering a bonus of a dollar every hour to the worker who fills the mostbags."But that would cut into our profit," he suggested."There won't be any profit unless those kids enable you to make all the delive ries on time. Ifthey don't, you two will have to remove all that paper by your selves. And there will be noeating or sleeping until it is removed."There was a short, thoughtful silence. Then he said,"Dad, you have just worked a profound change in my personality.""Do it!""Yes, sir!"By the following evening, there was much for my wife to report. The bonus p rogram hadworked until someone demanded to see the color of cash. Then so me activist on the work forceclaimed that the workers had no business settlin g for $5 and a few competitive bonuses whilethe bossed collected hundreds of dollars each. The organizer had declared that all the workerswere entitled to $5 per hour! They would not work another minute until the bosses agreed. The strike lasted less than two hours. In mediation, the parties agreed on $ 2 per hour.Gradually, the huge stacks began to shrink.As it turned out, the job was completed three hours before Sunday's 7 a.m. d eadline. By thetime I arrived home, the boys had already settled their accou nts: $150 in labor costs, $40 for gasoline, and a like amountfor gifts—boxes of candy for saintly neighbors who had volunteered station wagons and helpin delivery and dozen roses for their mother. This left them with $185 each — about two-thirds the minimum wage for the 91 hours they worked. Still, it was "enough", as one of themput it, to enable them to "avoid indignity" for quite a while.All went well for some weeks. Then one Saturday morning my attention was d rawn to the oddgoings-on of our two youngest sons. They kept carrying carto n after carton from variouscorners of the house out the front door to curbside . I assumed their mother had enlisted themto remove junk for a trash pick up. Then I overheard them discussing finances."Geez, we're going to make a lot of money!""We're going to be rich!"Investigation revealed that they were offering " for sale or rent" our entire libr ary."No! No!" I cried. "You can't sell our books!""Geez, Dad, we thought you were done with them!""You're never 'done' with books," I tried to explain."Sure you are. You read them, and you're done with them. That's it. Then you might as wellmake a little money from them. We wanted to avoid the indig nity of having to ask you for……"New Wordsbuckn. (sl.) U.S. dollarplastica. 塑料的n. (pl) 塑料doorknobn. 门把手leisurelya. unhurried 从容的，慢慢的leisuren. free time 空闲时间，闲暇lucrativea. profitable有利的；赚钱的painvt. cause pain topanhandlevi. (AmE) beg. esp. on the streetsdeliveryn. delivering (of letters, goods, etc.)投递；送交enthusevi. show enthusiasminquirevt. asksupera. (colloq.) wonderful, splendid; excellentsnapvt. say(sth.) sharply 厉声说insertn. 插页normallyad. in the usual conditions; ordinarily 通常companyn. 公司echovt. say or do what another person says or does; repeat 附和；重复adn. (short for) advertisementinformvt. tell; give information 告知porchn. (AmE) veranda 门廊armloadn. as much as one arm or both arms can hold; armfulwalkn. a path specially arranged or paved for walking 人行道unnaturallyad. in an unnatural way 不自然地quavervi. (of the voice or sound) shake; tremble颤抖truckloadn. as much or as many as a truck can carrydepartment storen. store selling many different kinds of goods in separate departments 百货公司dimen. coin of U.S. and Canada worth ten centsdime storen.(AmE) a store selling a large variety of low-priced articles; variety store 廉价商品店；小商口店drugstoren.(AmE) a store that sells not only medicine, but also beauty products, film, ma gazines, andfood 药店，杂货店groceryn. a store that sells food and household supplies 食品杂货店sectionn. part of subdivision of a piece of writing, book, newspaper, etc.; portion（文章等的）段落；节；部分cramvt. fill too full; force or press into a small space 把……塞满；把……塞进stackn. an orderly; heap or group of things 一叠（堆、垛等）bandn. flat, thin piece of material 带；带状物vt. tie up with a band捆扎rubber bandn. 橡皮筋takeouta. （餐馆）出售外卖菜的rangen. the distance at which one can see or hear （听觉、视觉等）的范围marvel(l)ousa. wonderful; astonishingsteakn. 牛排；大块肉（或鱼）片soura. 酸的eeln. 鳗鲡diplomacyn. 外交encouraginga. 鼓舞人心的dentn. a hollow in a hard surface made by a blow or pressure; initial progress 凹痕，凹坑，初步进展reproducevt. produce the young of (oneself or one's own kind) 生殖，繁殖bodilya. of the human body; physicalharmn. damage or wrong 伤害audiencen. the people gathered in a place to hear or see; a chance to be heard 观众；听众；陈述意见的机会snarlvt. speak in a harsh voice 咆哮着说bonusn. an extra payment to workers 奖金thoughtfula. give to or indicating thought 沉思的，思考的cashn. money in coins or notes 现金activistn. a person taking an active part esp. in a political movement激进分子work forcen. total number of workers employed in a particular factory, industry or area 工人总数；劳动人口competitivea. 竞争的organizern. person who organizes things 组织者mediationn. 调解partyn. one of the people or sides in an agreement or argument 一方；当事人graduallyad. slowly and by degrees.graduala.shrink (shrank, shrunk)vi. become less or smaller 减少；变小n. fixed limit of finishing a piece of work 最后期限station wagonn. 小型客车，客货两用车minimum (pl. minima or minimums)n. the smallest possible amount, number, etc. 最低限度的量、数等minimum wagen. the lowest wage permitted by law or by agreement for certain work 法定最工资odda. strange; unusualgoings-onn. activities, usu. of an undesirable kindcartonn. a cardboard box for holding goods 纸板箱（或盒） curbsiden. the area of sidewalk at or near curb（curb: 人行道的镶边石）enlistvt. obtain the support and help of; cause to join the armed forces 取得……的支持和帮助；征募trashn. waste material to be thrown away; rubbish垃圾pickupn. a small light truck with an open back used for light deliveries 小卡车；轻型货车overhearvt. hear by chance; hear without the knowledge of the speaker(s)无意中听到；偷听到financen. money matters; (used in pl.) money;(science of ) the management of funds财政；钱财；金融geezint.哎呀，呀salen. the act of selling sth.Phrases & Expressionsbring or come to a stop （使）停下a piece of cake(informal) sth. very easy to doeven asjust at the same moment asknow better thanbe wise or experienced enough not (to do sth.) 明事理而不至于be atbe occupied with, be doingmake a dent (in)make less by a very small amount; reduce slightly; make a first step toward s success(in)减少一点；取得初步进展cut intoreduce; decrease 减少have no businesshave no right or reason 无权，没有理由settle foraccept, although not altogether satisfactory （无可奈何地）满足于settle one's accountpay what one owes 结帐quite a whilea fairly long timedraw(sb.'s) attention tomake sb. notice, or be aware offor saleintended to be soldfor rentavailable to be rentedbe done withstop doing or using; finish 做完，不再使用may/might/could as wellwith equal or better effect 不妨，还不如，最好Proper NamesMontgomery Ward蒙哥马利—沃德百货公司Sears, Roebuck西尔斯—罗百克百货公司。
大学英语精读第三版第四册课文及课文翻译
大学英语精读第三版第四册课文及课文翻译Unit 1TextTwo college-age boys, unaware that making money usually involves hard work, are tempted by an advertisement that promises them an easy way to earn a lot of money. The boys soon learn that if something seems to good to be true, it probably is.BIG BUCKS THE EASY W AYJohn G. Hubbell"You ought to look into this," I suggested to our two college-age sons. "It might be a way to avoid the indignity of having to ask for money all the time." I handed them some magazines in a plastic bag someone bad hung on our doorknob. A message printed on the bag offered leisurely, lucrative work ("Big Bucks the Easy Way!") of delivering more such bags."I don't mind the indignity," the older one answered."I can live with it," his brother agreed."But it pains me," I said，"to find that you both have been panhandling so long that it no longer embarrasses you."The boys said they would look into the magazine-delivery thing. Pleased, I left town on a business trip. By midnight I was comfortably settled in a hotel room far from home. The phone rang. It was my wife. She wanted to know how my day had gone."Great!" I enthused. "How was your day?" I inquired."Super!" She snapped. "Just super! And it's only getting started. Another truck just pulled up out front.""Another truck?""The third one this evening. The first delivered four thousand Montgomery Wards. The second brought four thousand Sears, Roebucks. I don't know what this one has, but I'm sure it will be four thousand of something. Since you are responsible, I thought you might like to know what's happening.What I was being blamed for, it turned out, was a newspaper strike which made it necessary to hand-deliver the advertising inserts that normally are included with the Sunday paper. The company had promised our boys $600 for delivering these inserts to 4,000 houses by Sunday morning."Piece of cake!" our older college son had shouted." Six hundred bucks!" His brother had echoed, "And we can do the job in two hours!""Both the Sears and Ward ads are four newspaper-size pages," my wife informed me. "There are thirty-two thousand pages of advertising on our porch. Even as we speak, two big guys are carrying armloads of paper up the walk. What do we do about all this?""Just tell the boys to get busy," I instructed. "They're college men. They'll do what they have to do."At noon the following day I returned to the hotel and found an urgent message to telephone my wife. Her voice was unnaturally high and quavering. There had been several more truckloads of ad inserts. "They're for department stores, dime stores, drugstores, grocery stores, auto stores and so on. Some are whole magazine sections. We have hundreds of thousands, maybe millions, of pages of advertising here! They are crammed wall-to-wall all through the house in stacks taller than your oldest son. There's only enough room for people to walk in, take one each of the eleveninserts, roll them together, slip a rubber band around them and slide them into a plastic bag. We have enough plastic bags to supply every takeout restaurant in America!" Her voice kept rising, as if working its way out of the range of the human ear. "All this must be delivered by seven o'clock Sunday morning.""Well, you had better get those guys banding and sliding as fast as they can, and I'll talk to you later. Got a lunch date.When I returned, there was another urgent call from my wife."Did you have a nice lunch?" she asked sweetly. I had had a marvelous steak, but knew better by now than to say so."Awful," I reported. "Some sort of sour fish. Eel, I think.""Good. Your college sons have hired their younger brothers and sisters and a couple of neighborhood children to help for five dollars each. Assembly lines have been set up. In the language of diplomacy, there is 'movement.'""That's encouraging.""No, it's not," she corrected. "It's very discouraging. They're been as it for hours. Plastic bags have been filled and piled to the ceiling, but all this hasn't made a dent, not a dent, in the situation! It's almost as if the inserts keep reproducing themselves!""Another thing," she continued. "Your college sons must learn that one does not get the best out of employees by threatening them with bodily harm.Obtaining an audience with son NO. 1, I snarled, "I'll kill you if threaten one of those kids again! Idiot! You should be offering a bonus of a dollar every hour to the worker who fills the most bags."But that would cut into our profit," he suggested."There won't be any profit unless those kids enable you to make all the deliveries on time. If they don't, you two will have to remove all that paper by yourselves. And there will be no eating or sleeping until it is removed."There was a short, thoughtful silence. Then he said, "Dad, you have just worked a profound change in my personality.""Do it!""Yes, sir!"By the following evening, there was much for my wife to report. The bonus program had worked until someone demanded to see the color of cash. Then some activist on the work force claimed that the workers had no business settling for $5 and a few competitive bonuses while the bossed collected hundreds of dollars each. The organizer had declared that all the workers were entitled to $5 per hour! They would not work another minute until the bosses agreed.The strike lasted less than two hours. In mediation, the parties agreed on $2 per hour. Gradually, the huge stacks began to shrink.As it turned out, the job was completed three hours before Sunday's 7 a.m. deadline. By the time I arrived home, the boys had already settled their accounts: $150 in labor costs, $40 for gasoline, and a like amountfor gifts—boxes of candy for saintly neighbors who had volunteered station wagons and help in delivery and dozen roses for their mother. This left them with $185 each — about two-thirds the minimum wage for the 91 hours they worked. Still, it was "enough", as one of them put it, to enable them to "avoid indignity" for quite a while.All went well for some weeks. Then one Saturday morning my attention was drawn to the odd goings-on of our two youngest sons. They kept carrying carton after carton from various corners of the house out the front door to curbside. I assumed their mother had enlisted them to remove junk for a trash pickup. Then I overheard them discussing finances."Geez, we're going to make a lot of money!""We're going to be rich!"Investigation revealed that they were offering " for sale or rent" our entire library."No! No!" I cried. "You can't sell our books!""Geez, Dad, we thought you were done with them!""You're never 'done' with books," I tried to explain."Sure you are. You read them, and you're done with them. That's it. Then you might as well make a little money from them. We wanted to avoid the indignity of having to ask you for……"一个大学男孩，不清楚赚钱需要付出艰苦的劳动，被一份许诺轻松赚大钱的广告吸引了。
大学英语精读第四册UNIT1课后阅读WinterIce-CreamMan
大学英语精读第四册UNIT1课后阅读WinterIce-CreamManWinter Ice-Cream ManI had spplied for and obtained the job on Friday,received a day's training on Saturday,and now,on Sunday,as I was about to take out an ice-cream van for the first time on my own,I was horrified to see snow starting to fall.The streets and roads were swiftly blanketed.As I left home after breakfast,I shivered inwardly as well as outwardly;I was gloomy at the thought that not for this Sunday morning was the leisurely reading of Sunday papers to the accompaniment of extra cups of tea.I would have given much to have been able to call off the whole thing.But I needed the job;and I had to pay the tuition which was due the next month.Strangely enough,after the first painful day alone in the cold,snowy suburbs,I found myself doing the work quite happily in what turned out to be the coldest and snowiest weather for several years.The first day was long and lonely.I had very few customers until the late afternoon and I began to have a strong nostalgia for my own fireside as I sat in my little box on wheels and saw the houses beginning to light up at tea-time;especially when members of various families came out for ice-cream and fled back happily in the gathering darkness to their own particular oasis of warmth and light.Then,too,I had to learn to manage my tail-heavy vehicle--the ice-cream cabinet was at the back--on the icy roads and at the same time try to remember my route and stopping-places.Twice during the next two weeks I was caught in severesnowstorms;in both cases in late afternoon when dusk was falling.“The first time,fortunately,I had with me an experienced senior inspector who showed me how to get up a hill in deep snow.He skillfully drove the van to an acute angle to the pavement and used the curb for the rear wheels to push against.This sent the van several feet up the hill before it started to slide back to the curb at a higher point than our starting point.We gradually went up the hill--even if rather hard.”The second time I was caught in a snowstorm I found myself stuck in a valley from which all roads led steeply,and I finished up with the van at an angle on the wrong side of the road.Waiting for a large delivery van to slide by me so that I could try my “curb-pushing” method of hill climbing,I heard a faint tapping on the closed sliding window on the opposite side of the van--the normal serving side.I looked across from the driver's seat,but could see no one.The near-by street lamp shed little on the scene through the white screen of falling snow.The tapping came again,louder and more insistent.I went across and opened the window.A voice said firmly:“Four six-penny ices,please.”I stared in amazement.A queue extended backwards across the road,its tail lost to view in the driving snow.My customers,adults as well as children,had seen me from their houses and had come out,still in sweaters and slippers,with no extra protection against the snow.That afternoon I did more trade stuck therein the snow than when I stopped at the proper stopping places and chimed my arrival.My tutor,the previous driver,had declared several times that those who really like ice-cream would go to considerable trouble to obtain it.How right he was!One of my regular customers,who was a retired confectioner,told me of another sales factor in bad weather.He said that many people did not buy confectionery in advance.Rain or snow kept them from their usual Sunday afternoon walk or even from a tea-time trip to their nearest shop;if they were unable to fetch chocolate and sweets,ice-cream available right outside their homes was an sdmirable and easy substitute.What he said was true.Icy winds apart,bad weather in the form of fog,rain or snow,never did reduce sales.One aspect of retail selling was the getting of orders for regular ice-cream deliveries at a set time--usually for use as a sweet at lunch or dinner,or as an extra when viewing television.On one occasion when I had moved through a road in the morning and got a provisional order for that day from one housewife,I returned doubtfully at one o'clock in the midst of a snowstorm quite expecting her to cancel the order.To my surprise she doubled her provisional order and asked for a regular weekly visit.It was her busy morning and she was grateful for one less thing to do.Indeed,rarely were these regular orders cancelled,and in bad weather they formed a steady source of income.In the evening they solved an awkward problem,as casual selling,even though I kept to customary arrival times,needed some sort of notice to be given that I was outside with the van.I ried to keep my chimes reasonable,but I always too noisy for those who did not require ice-cream and never loud enough for those who did.。
大学英语精读第四册(教案)
Book4Unit 1 Big Bucks The Easy WayTeaching Time: 4 hoursStudents’ level: Sophomores of non-English majors in the 2nd semester. Teaching Objectives:1.Help Ss get to know the lesson “No pains, no gains” and there is no“big bucks the easy way”.2.About the text, Ss should grasp the text content, text structure, basicvocabularies and required grammar points of the section.Words: cash, echo, competitive, leisurely, pain, sour, finance, marvelous, party, stack, cram, harm, minimum, range, thoughtful,deadline, inform, normally, sale, trash, delivery, inquire, odd,shrinkPhrases & Expressions: pull up, a piece of cake, even as, know better than, be at, make a dent, cut into, have no business, settle for,settle one’s account, quite awhile, draw attention to, for sale,for rent, be done with, may as wellGrammar: p143. About the reading, Ss should learn avoiding vocalization and innerspeech.4. About the writing, Ss should learn word choice..5. About the listening, Ss finish the Unit 1 directed by teacher. Teaching Procedures:I. Pre-reading Activities1.Background information1)Montgomery Ward2)Sears,3)Roebuck2.Warm-up questions1)Do you depend on your parents financially?2)Is it easy to earn money by working part-time?3)Are there any easy ways to make much money?3.Key words and expressions:New words and old wordTeacher students(old words or expressions) (new ones)U.S. dollar buckDoor handle doorknobUnhurried leisurelyRelaxed leisurelyProfitable lucrativeSent out deliverEndure live withBeg panhandleTell informFill cramTie bandIncrease reproduceExtra money bonusPart sectionA path walkAn easy job a piece of cakePay settleHave no reason have no business Come to terms with settle forStrange oddMoney financeFinish be done withEnglish and Chinese phrasesTeacher(Chinese) Students( English)考虑 look into总是 all the time可以容忍 live with令我痛心 it pains me易如反掌 a piece of cake壮汉 a big guy干快些 get busy好几卡车的 truck loads of百货商店 department store廉价商店 a dime store小杂货店 drug store汽车行 auto store外卖餐馆 takeout restaurant提高嗓门 voice rises超过极限 out of the range of恍然大悟 work a profound change in 教会某人做人 work a profound change inone’s personality 经过调解 in mediation结账 settle the account劳务支出 labor cost相同数额 a like amount托某人做 enlist sb. To doII. While-reading Activities1.Ss have the silent reading on the text (10 mins)2.Text and questions for discussionLines 1-91.what did the father tell his college sons to think about?(to deliver bags of magazines to make some of their own money.)2.what was the father worried about?( the sons would become used to or feel content with living by asking for money all the time.)Lines 10-221.why did the mother phone the father?( she wanted him to know what was going on at home.)2.How do you understand the word “super” she snap ped?( “super” means very good. But,she “snapped” it, which means she was very angry. She was being sarcastic,i.e. she meant the opposite of what she said.)3.can you paraphrase the sentence “Another truck just pulled up outfront”?(Another truck has stopped outside in front of our hous to deliver more materials.)Lines 23-291.which company did the two sons do the delivery job for?( the Sunday Newspaper Company.)2.why did each truck deliver 4000 of the inserts?( Each one was from a different company and had the ads the sons were required to deliver to 4000 houses.)3.why did he think so?( He had no idea of how much work it would mean.)Lines 30-35What did the father mean when he said “they are college men.”?He meant that they were grown-ups, and should be capable of dealing with the situation.Lines 36-501.In what cases does people’s voice become unnaturally high andquavering?When they are excited, angry, upset and the like.2.what does “magazine sections” mean?Parts of magazines, 8 or 12 pages long.3.how many steps are there in the process before delivering?Five: take out, roll, slip, band and slide.Lines 51-661.what do you think of the father’s answer?Clever and sensible. It is a lie, a harmless lie, one told in order to avoid upsetting somebody.2.why did the father say “That’s encouraging”?the sons were learning how to solve the problem of manpower shortage;they hired other people to help, and learnt to improve efficiency by establishing assembly lines.3.why did the mother say “it is very discouraging”?t he measures weren’ working at all.Lines 67-771.what do you think of the father’s bonus program？It is reasonable and logical. Bonus is a popular incentive that management adopts. Sometimes we have to lose something in order to gain something. If you are reluctant to use a small bait, you can hardly geta big fish.2.did the son understand that at first thought?No. he thought the more the workers got, the less he obtained.3.why did the son answer “Yes, Sir”?he had come to realize it was a business and he too k the father’s instructions as and order.Lines 78-861.what does “see the color of cash” mean?See Note 7 in your text book.2.what’s the difference between the original payment and the demandedone?The original payment was five dollars per person, shile now they demanded five dollars per hour.3.who probably played the mediating role?The mother.Lines 87-94Why did the son think it “enough”?No matter how much, it was the money they made by themselves with great efforts and they learnt a lot from the experience.Lines 95-1091.what did the youngest sons learn from their college brothers?They learnt to make their own money in order to avoid having to ask for money all the time.2.what were they going to do to try to earn money?They were going to sell or rent the family’s books.3.do you agree “you’re never done with books”?Yes. Because………No. because ………..3.T asks Ss to come out the main idea, structure of the text (10mins)4.T summarizes the main idea and structure of the text (5 mins)III. Post-reading Activities1.Let the students do the exercises in the textbook which are relatedto the new words.2.Ss hand in the summary of the text.Summary questions and concluding remarks1) Do you think it necessary for the sons to make some money forthemselves? Give reasons for your answer.I think it necessary…….because………..2) what do you think is needed in accomplishing something difficult?I think it is self-confidence, perseverance, co-operation or teamwork, reasonable management, strategies of solving problems,etc.3)what i s the father’s tone in telling the story?The tone is light and ironic because the story is meant to be funny.The problem in the story was one that people think is very seriouswhen it happens, but later they can laugh about.3.Ss discuss the questions on the topic related to the text.4.Let Ss do the exercises in the text book which are mainly relatedto the new words and topic.5. Exercise:Sentence making in dialoguesTeacher: now I’d like you to complete the following dialogues bymakingSentences with the giver phrases.Pull up1.what do you ask your driver to do when you reach your destination?I ask the driver to pull up near the place I want to go.2.what does a bus driver do when a passenger wants to get off?He pulls up at a bus stop.3.what does the red light mean to a moving vehicle?It means that the vehicle must pull up at the zebra.A piece of cake1.can you recite the 26 English letters?Sure. It’s a piece of cake.2.do you think it difficult to use a tape recorder?No. it’s a piece of cake.Make a dent in1.have you finished your outline?No, I’ve hardly made a dent in it.2.How are you getting along with your project?We have made only a small dent in it.Cut into1.do you watch TV in your study period?No. that would cut into my study time.2.what cuts into the factory’s profit?The rise of the labor costs, material prices, the increased consumption of power, etc.Settle for1.if you can’t sell your bicycle at a high price, what will you do?I have to settle for a lower price.2.If you can’t get a well-paid job, will you settle for a lower-paidjob?Might/may/could as well1.what do you suggest we do during the winter vacation?If you have nothing to do, you might as well take up a part-timejob.2.what should I do if I can’t afford a house?You may as well rent an apartment and set aside your money for anew house.Unit 2 Deer and The Energy CycleTeaching Time: 4 hoursStudents’ level: Sophomores of non-English majors in the 2nd semester. Teaching Objectives:1.Get Ss to know the energy cycle and instruct them to observe the animal’s living instinct in order to value the natural resource; learn about food-enery-life-death.2.About the text, Ss should grasp the text content, text structure, basic vocabularies and required grammar points of the section.Words: tendency, rate, area, plentiful, possessions, currency, scarce, ample, drowsy, fundamental, accumulate, internal, hence Phrases & Expressions: to meet the needs, turn of mind, convert into Grammar:3. About the reading, Ss should know the usage of dictionary.4. About the writing, Ss should get to know the writing skill—coherence .5. About the listening, Ss finish the Unit 2 directed by teacher. Teaching Procedures:I. Pre-reading Activities1. Warm-up questions1)Allow Ss to go over the text for 10 mins.2)Ask them to list the facts about the life of deer in the four seasonsrespectively.3)Sum up Ss’s results2. Introductory remarks:1) What do you think life depends on?Money, love, or something else?2) where does energy come from?Food, spirit, God, or what?3)what happens to life there is no food , or source of energy?if life useless after it comes to an end?4) Life is energy, isn’t it? What do you think?The planet we live on is made up of 2 major components: living organisms and inorganic substances. As far as living things are concerned, life spans vary. Some may live for thousands of years, while others live only a few seconds. Regardless of the this difference, every life develops from a lower stage to a higher stage until its death, and everyspecies develops in this way, too. But what makes life perform in this way? What happens after life? Our earth has been functioning for billions of years. What has made it work for so long? Let’s have a careful study of the text3. New words and phrases studyStudy of the words and phrasesNew words and old wordsTeacher students(old words or expressions) (new ones)tendency turn of mindmoney currencychange into convert intoautumn fallsomething stored reservesrare scarceto satisfy the demands to meet the needs area regionplentiful amplepossessions resourcestore depositspend expendsleepy drowsybecome liquid meltat the same time meanwhilebasic fundamental therefore hencecollect accumulateinside internalsmall wooden house cabinEnglish and Chinese PhrasesTeacher(Chinese) students(English)注重/有……的倾向 a … turn of mind生态系统 an ecological system 倚赖 to depend on年复一年 from year to year尽可能多 as much as one can旺季 times of plenty储存的脂肪reserves of fat/stored fat不甚出名,鲜为人知 less well known能说明问题的例子 a good case in point 营养食品 nutritious food生理成熟 physically mature生育 to give birth to食物资源 food resources熬过冬天 to survive the winter/to pull through the winter大雪 deep snow小雪 light snow基本规律 a fundamental ruleII. While-reading Activities1.Text and questions for discussion .Lines 1-61.what does “love makes the world go round” mean?People with a romantic turn of mind think that love, romantic love, is what makes life worth living..2.why does the author say that energy is the “currency” of theecological system?An ecological system is all the plants, animals and people, and their surroundings, considered as a whole, In the commercial world, money is the currency , or means of survival. For life, the most important support is food, the source of energy for life, which allows growth, reproduction, and survival.Lines 7-121.what do wild animals do with the food in different seasons? Why do theydo so?Wild animals seem to know when there will be plenty of food and when there won’t. so they eat as much as they can when there is plenty of food so that they can become fat and strong and grow well. In winter, they have little to eat. But they do not starve because the fat they have stored in their bodies brings them through this hard time. Lines 13-221.what does “ this is good timing” mean?This means that the female deer uses the most suitable seasons,i.e.summer and fall, for the birth of fawns and the production of milkbecause both the conception and production cost the female deer muchenergy and in both seasons there is plenty of food, which meet the deer’s physical needs.Lines 23-311.to what does the author compare the process of fat reserving?A bank savings account, from which one can draw when he needs the money. Lines 32-441.what is the phenomenon of lowering metabolism?The heart rate slows. The animal becomes slow and drowsy. Therefore, the use of and need for energy is reduced.2.what protects the deer from cold winter? How does it work?They undergo physical and internal physiological changes, i.e. the hair growth and the slow metabolism. The thick hair keeps the deer warm and the slow metabolism makes the deer consume less energy, which is stored in the form of fat for use when they need it for growth. Lines 45-561.what decreases as winter progresses?The deer’s activities.2.why were people advised to behave like that?To use less oil and electricity for conserving energy to pull through the crisis.3.what does the author imply by “watched the deer”?He implies that men can learn from the deer to reduce unnecessary cost of energy.Lines 57-641.“…to pull them through”. Can you say it in other words?…to help them survive the winter.2.what is the fundamental rule of life?The more fat the deer reserve, the more chance there is for them to survive the crises. Only the largest and strongest are likely to survive.3.Is the fundamental rule of life applicable to human beings?Yes. If we human beings do not protect nature and ourselves by saving energy, we will be punished by nature and will eventually be wiped out from this planet.Lines 65-681.what is the life cycle?Food-energy-life-survival-reproduction-death-food-energy-otherlife… .Food –energy-seek more food-new energy-food…..Energy is vital to our world. But energy is not always plentiful. The supply can vary, either seasonally or for other reasons. Some animals, the white-tailed deer, for instance, have developed natural ways or varying their own use of energy with the variations of the supply. Human beings can and should learn this lesson for their own survival. 2. Teacher explains the key points in detailsturn of mind1.what is your turn of mind?I have a logical turn of mind, orliterary/critical/philosophic/humorous/optimistic turn of mind.2.what kind of person is likely to create things?A person of a creative turn of mind is likely to create things.3.what words can you use to describe people of different turns of mind?Down-to-earth, poetic, business-like, humorous, etc.Depend on1.How do crops grow?They depend on the sunlight,water, and fertilizer for growth.2.How are the prices of commodities set?They mainly depend on the relation between demand and supply.A case in point1.can you give an example of a successful person?Yes. A case in point is Thomas Edison, a great inventor.2.can anything heavier than air stay in the sky?Yes. A case in point is the helicopter.3.How can we conclude that a person is selfish.A case in point is…Meet…needs1.why do people drink so much water on the sports ground?They have to meet their body’s needs for water as they play in the sun.2.why does a factory install another assembly line?They want to meet the needs of increasing production.Draw on1.How can a good writer write so many interesting stories?He draws on his experience, knowledge, observation, perception and interpretation of life for the material of his stories.2.How can a person put forward such a peculiar idea?I think he’s drawn on his imagination.Slow down1.what is a driver expected to do if a police car comes towards or followshim/her?He/she is expected to slow down and then stop by the road side.2.what does a runner do after he passes the finish line?He slows down and stops.Pull through1.what should you do in face of difficulties?I should use my skills, work hard,and sometimes I should takesomebody’s advice. This might help to pull me through the difficulties.2.why was the little boy, Schatz,waiting for death?He believed he had a fatally high temperature and would not pull through.3.T asks Ss to come out the main idea, structure of the text (10mins)4.T summarizes the main idea and structure of the text (5 mins)III. Post-reading Activities1.Let the students do the exercises in the textbook which are related tothe new words.2.Ss hand in the summary of the text.3.Ss discuss the questions on the topic related to the text.4.Let Ss do the exercises in the text book which are mainly relatedto the new words and topic.Unit 3 Why Do We Believe That The Earth Is Round? Teaching Time: 4 hoursStudents’ level: Sophomores of non-English majors in the 2nd semester. Teaching Objectives:1.Get Ss to know the author’s purpose is to teach Ss to have a correct attitude towards knowledge and accepting of knowledge by taking the examples of other’s arguments of the shape of Earth.2 About the text, Ss should grasp the text content, text structure, basic vocabularies and required grammar points of the section.Words: preface, remark, cite, exaggerate, mast, appeal, analogy, cast, precarious, produce, burden, botherPhrases & Expressions: appeal to, follow up, for the sake of, throw light on, shaped like, cast on, fall back on, stray away from, Grammar:3. About the reading, Ss should know the reading skills of tellingdifference bwteen facts and opinion sentences.4. About the writing, Ss should get to know the writing skill—coherence.5. About the listening, Ss finish the Unit 3 directed by teacher. Teaching Procedures:I. Pre-reading Activities1.Background information1)George Orwell2) George Bernard Shaw3)The Flat Earth Theory and the Round Earth Theory4)Eclipses5)Playing Cards6)Comrade Mao Tse-tung on knowledge, on Direct Experience andIndirect Experience2. warm-up questions and introductory remarks1)Do you believe that the earth is round? Why?Yes, I do, because science proves that it is true.2) Have you heard of other conclusions about the shape of the earth?What are they? Why don’t you believe them?Yes. The earth was said to be flat or oval. I don’t believe them because the photos from satellites or the scenes of eclipses show that it’s round.2)why is “the earth is round” put in a question?3.Key words and expressions:study of the words and phrasesnew words and old wordsteacher students(old words or expressions) (new ones)forward prefacesay,argue remarkquote citesimply merelyaccept without question swallowoverstate exaggerateattract appeal tofor the good of for the sake ofpole on a ship mastbend curvecomparison analogyquickly promptlyround plate discthrow castgo to aim atinsecure precariousturn to for help fall back onin another way otherwisemove from stray away fromshow produceload burdentake trouble botherEnglish and Chinese PhrasesTeacher(Chinese) students(English)在某处 somewhere or other序言 the preface to中世纪 the middle ages普遍认为 the widespread belief that普通人 the ordinary citizen迎合口味 appeal to我的…完蛋了bang goes my…求助于 fall back on不屑一顾 would not even bother to反驳say…against天体 heavenly body由此可见 it will be seen that靠不住的理由 precarious reasons知识面 the range of knowledge无力的论据 weak argumentII. While-reading Activities1.Ss have the silent reading on the text (10 mins)2.T explains the text in details.Appeal to1.do detective films appeal to you?Yes, ….No, … .2.what kinds of books appeal most to youth?Books on …3.why are children’s clothes colorful?Bright and colorful clothes usually appeal to children.Follow up1.what do the police do if a case is reported to them?They follow up the case.2.what do you do if you read an interesting story series on a newspaper?I follow it up.For the sake of1.what do people usually do for the sake of health?They eat healthy fo od, do exercises and don’t smoke,don’t…2.why is it necessary to widen the streets?It’s necessary to widen the streets for the sake of a smoother flow of traffic.Throw light on1.what is the use of the background knowledge of a story?It throws light on it.2.why are illustrations, data and charts or tables necessary inscientific reports or business presentations?They throw light on the reports and presentations.Shaped like1.Why is a UFO also called a flying saucer?It is shaped like a saucer.2.what is a space shuttle like?It is shaped like a huge plane.Cast on1.what can you see on a moon-lit night in the open?I can see my shadow cast on the ground.I can see the shadows of the trees cast on the wall/window.Fall back on1.why do you set aside some money every month?I set aside some money every month so that I can fall back on it ifI get sick or become unemployed.2.what do you do when you get lost in a new city?I fell back on the police.Stray away from1.what must you bear in mind when you walk along a path in an area ofswamp?I must not stray away from the path.2.what kind of people don’t you like to talk to?I don’t like to talk to those who often stray away from the topic. Text and questions for discussionLines1-71.why is “ Saint Joan” in italics?It is the name of a play. See note 3 in your textbook.2.who is Bernard Shaw?See Note 4 in your textbook. He is widely considered the treatest British dramatist since Shakespeare. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for literature in 1925. For more details, refer to Note 1,2. in Teacher’s book.3.what do “gullible and superstitious” mean?Gullible means willing to believe anything or anyone, easily deceived.“superstitious” means willing to believe something that cannot be explained by reason or science or that brings good or bad luck.4.can you paraphrase “swallows this theory”?accepting the theroy blindly without questioning and suspicions. Lines 8-131.what does “it” refer to in the sentence “ the light it throws onmodern knowledge”?It refers to “ the question”2.what is the question that is worth following up?Are we too gullible and superstitious today?3.why does the author only tend to speak of ordinary men when answeringwhy webelieve that the earth is round?Ordinary men don’t have the espertise to prove it scientifical ly. Lines 14-191.why is a distant ship invisible but its mast and funnel can be seenfrom the seashore?Look at the picture on the next page.2.can you paraphrase “what can I say against it?”I can refute the Flat Earth theory but I need more proofs to refutethe Oval Earth theory.Lines 20-261.does the author really “play cards”?no. this is a figure of speech used to mean preenting an argument point by point. “the first card I can play” means the first pointi can make to support my argument.2.what does “analogy of the sun and moon” mean?To compare the earth to the sun and the moon.Lines 27-311.when does a lunar eclipse occur?When the earth passes between the sun and the moon and blocks the sunlight, or casts its shadow onto the moon, a lunar eclipse occurs.2.U se the Oval Earth theory to refute the author’s eclipse argument.The shadow cast on the moon is round, but it doesn’t follow that the earth is spherical. It may perfectly well be flat like a disc.3.what is the author’s argument about the eclipses based on?Publications, such as newspapers and magazines.Lines 32-391.what does the author mean by “ the minor exchanges?”the less important points of debate.2.what does the author think of his previous defeats?He considers them minor/unimportant points, and he is hopeful to win in the debate.3.who is Royal?See note 6.4.which is higher, Queen,King, or Ace?King is higher than Queen,and Ace is higher than King.5.can you paraphrase the last sentence?Refer to note 23.Lines 40-461.what does “bang goes my ace” mean?My ace doesn’t work. I lose my ace. My argument isn’t conclusive.2.what does the author think of his “ last card”?he believes that the last point of his argument defeats the Oval Earth man.Lines 47-601.what does the author think of his evidence?He doesn’t th ink it convincing enough.2.what does “an exceptionally elementary piece of information” mean?A piece of information that everyone knows.3.what is this piece of information?The earth is round.4.can you use a Chinese saying to explain “when the range of knowl edgeis so vas that the expert himself is an ignoramus as soon as he strays away from his own specialty”?隔行如隔山5.what does “ credulous” mean?Ready to believe, without evidence.3.T asks Ss to come out the main idea, structure of the text (10mins)Summary questions and Concluding remarks1.what cards does the author play to refute opinions different from his?The phenomenon of the seashore view, the analogy of the sun and the moon, the earth’s shadow, the newspapers and books, the opinions of the experts, and navigation.2.do you have any other cards to support the author?High above on a plane, we can see the curved horizon, still higher above in a space ship, astronauts tell us that the earth is round, like a ball. Pictures taken from spaceships or sky labs show the earth in no other shape than spherical.3.can you sum up the main idea of this text?III. Post-reading Activities1.Let the students do the exercises in the textbook which are related to the new words.2.Ss hand in the summary of the text.3.Ss discuss the questions on the topic related to the text.4.Let Ss do the exercises in the text book which are mainly related tothe new words and topic.Unit 4 Jim ThorpeTeaching Time: 4 hoursStudents’ level: Sophomores of non-English majors in the 2nd semester. Teaching Objectives:1.Get Ss to know Thorpe’s experiences before and after his career success and the influence of racial discrimination towards American Indians.2.About the text, Ss should grasp the text content, text structure, basic vocabularies and required grammar points of the section.Words: await, arrival, beat, opponent, bunk, strain, utterly, glide, bewildered, desert, declinePhrases & Expressions: build on, breeze through, catch up with Grammar:3. About the reading, Ss should know the usage skimming.4. About the writing, Ss should get to know how to write a recount.5. About the listening, Ss finish the Unit 4 directed by teacher. Teaching Procedures:I. Pre-reading Activities1.Background information2.Introductory remarks: This is a well-known story. The story may not be true,3.Warm-up questions1) who was Jim Thorpe?He was an American Indian, was a great athlete. He won both the pentathlon and the decathlon, the two most demanding Olympic events, in the 1912 Stockholm Olympic Games.2)Can you say anything about Olympic Games?---what is the symbol?。
现代大学精读英语4 lesson one课文(外语教学出版社)
Lesson 1Thinking as a HobbyWilliam GoldingWhile I was still a boy, I came to the conclusion that there were three grades of thinking;and that I myself could not think at all.It was the headmaster of my grammar school who first brought the subject of thinkingbefore me. He had somestatuettes in his study. They stood on a high cupboard behind his desk. One was a lady wearing nothing but a bath towel. She seemed frozen in an eternal panic lest the bath towel slip down any farther, and since she had no arms, she was in an unfortunate position to pull the towel up again. Next to her, crouched the statuette of a leopard, ready to spring down at the top drawer of a filing cabinet. Beyond the leopard was a naked, muscular gentleman, who sat, looking down, with his chin on his fist and his elbow on his knee. He seemed utterly miserable.Some time later, I learned about these statuettes. The headmaster had placed them where they would face delinquent children, because they symbolized to him to whole of life. The naked lady was the Venus. She was Love. She was not worried about the towel. She was just busy being beautiful. The leopard was Nature, and he was being natural. The naked, muscular gentleman was not miserable. He was Rodin's Thinker, an image of pure thought.I had better explain that I was a frequent visitor to the headmaster's study, because of the latest thing I had done or left undone. As we now say, I was not integrated. I was, if anything, disintegrated. Whenever Ifound myself in a penal position before the headmaster's desk, I would sink my head, and writhe one shoe over the other.The headmaster would look at me and say,"What are wegoing to do with you?"Well, what were they going to do with me? I would writhe my shoe some more and staredown at the worn rug."Look up, boy! Can't you look up?"Then I would look at the cupboard, where the naked lady was frozen in her panic and themuscular gentleman contemplated the hindquarters of the leopard in endless gloom. I had nothing to say to the headmaster. His spectacles caught the light so that you could see nothing human behind them. There was no possibility of communication."Don't you ever think at all?"No, I didn't think, wasn't thinking, couldn't think - I was simply waiting in anguish for the interview to stop."Then you'd better learn - hadn't you?"On one occasion the headmaster leaped to his feet, reached up and put Rodin's masterpiece on the desk before me."That's what a man looks like when he's really thinking."Clearly there was something missing in me. Nature had endowed the rest of the human race with a sixth sense and left me out. But like someone born deaf, but bitterly determined to find out about sound, I watched my teachers to find outabout thought.There was Mr. Houghton. He was always telling me to think. With a modest satisfaction, he would tell that he had thought a bit himself. Then why did he spend so much time drinking? Or was there more sense in drinking than there appeared to be? But if not, and if drinking were in fact ruinous to health - and Mr. Houghton was ruined, there was no doubt about that - why was he always talking about the clean life and the virtues of fresh air?Sometimes, exalted by his own oratory, he would leap from his desk and hustle usoutside into a hideous wind."Now, boys! Deep breaths! Feel it right down inside you - huge draughts of God's good air!"He would stand before us, put his hands on his waist and take a tremendous breath. You could hear the wind trapped in his chest and struggling with all the unnatural impediments. His body would reel with shock and his face go white at the unaccustomed visitation. He would stagger back to his desk and collapse there, useless for the rest of the morning.Mr. Houghton was given to high-minded monologues about the good life, sexless and full of duty. Yet in the middle of one of these monologues, if a girl passed the window, his neck would turn of itself and he would watch her out of sight. In this instance, he seemed to me ruled not by thought but by an invisible and irresistible spring in his nack.His neck was an object of great interest to me. Normally it bulged a bit over his collar.But Mr. Houghton had fought in the First World War alongside both Americans and French, and had come to a settled detestation of both countries. If either country happened to be prominent in current affairs, no argument could make Mr. Houghton think well of it. He would bang the desk, his neck would bulge still further and go red. "You can say what you like," he would cry, "but I've thought about this - and I know what I think!"Mr. Houghton thought with his neck.This was my introduction to the nature of what is commonly called thought. Through them I discovered that thought is often full of unconscious prejudice, ignorance, and hypocrisy. It will lecture on disinterested purity while its neck is being remorselessly twisted toward a skirt. Technically, it is about as proficient as most businessmen's golf, as honest as most politician's intentions, or as coherent as most books that get written. It is what I came to call grade-three thinking, though more properly, it is feeling, rather than thought.True, often there is a kind of innocence in prejudices, but in those days I viewed grade-three thinking with contempt and mockery. I delighted to confront a pious lady who hated the Germans with the proposition that we should love our enemies. She taught me a great truth in dealing with grade-three thinkers; because of her, I no longer dismiss lightly a mental process which for nine-tenths of the population is the nearest they will ever get to thought. They have immense solidarity. We had better respect them, for we are outnumbered and surrounded. A crowd of grade-three thinkers, all shouting the same thing, all warming their hands at the fire of their own prejudices, will not thank you for pointing out the contradictions in their beliefs. Man enjoys agreement as cows will graze all the same way on the side of a hill.Grade-two thinking is the detection of contradictions. Grade-two thinkers do not stampede easily, though often they fal linto the other fault and lag behind. Grade-two thinking is a withdrawal, with eyes and ears open. It destroys without having the power to create. It set me watching the crowds cheering His Majesty the King and asking myself what all the fuss was about, without giving me anything positive to put in the place of that heady patriotism. But there were compensations. To hear people justify their habit of hunting foxes by claiming that the foxes like it. To her our Prime Minister talk about the great benefit we conferred on India by jailing people like Nehru and Gandhi. To hear American politicians talk about peace and refuse to join the League of Nations. Yes, there were moments of delight.But I was growing toward adolescence and had to admit that Mr. Houghton was not the only one with an irresistible spring in his neck. I, too, felt the compulsive hand of nature and began to find that pointing out contradiction could be costly as well as fun. There was Ruth, for example, a serious and attractive girl. I was an atheist at the time. And she was a Methodist. But, alas, instead of relying on the Holy Spirit to convert me, Ruth was foolish enough to open her pretty mouth in argument. She claimed that the Bible was literally inspired. I countered by saying that the Catholics believed in the literal inspiration of Saint Jerome's Vulgate, and the two books were different. Argument flagged.At last she remarked that there were an awful lot of Methodists and they couldn't bewrong, could they - not all those millions? That was too easy, said I restively (for the nearer you were to Ruth, the nicer she was to be near to) since there were more Roman Catholics than Methodists anyway; and they couldn't be wrong, could they - not all those hundreds of millions? An awful flicker of doubt appeared in her eyes. I slid my arm round her waist and murmured that if we were counting heads, the Buddhists were the boys for my money. She fled. The combination of my arm and those countless Buddhists was too much for her.That night her father visited my father and left, red-cheeked and indignant. I was given the third degree to find out what had happened. I lost Ruth and gained an undeserved reputation as a potential libertine.Grade-two thinking, though it filled life with fun and excitement, did not make for content. To find out the deficiencies of our elders satisfies the young ego but does not make for personal security. It took the swimmer some distance from the shore and left him there, out of his depth. A typical grade-two thinker will say, "What is truth?" There is still a higher grade of thought which says, "What is truth?" and sets out to find it.But these grade-one thinkers were few and far between. They did not visit my grammar school in the flesh though they were there in books. I aspired to them, because I now saw my hobby as an unsatisfactory thing if it went no further. If you set out to climb a mountain, however high you climb, you have failed if you cannot reach the top.I therefore decided that I would be a grade-one thinker. I was irrelevant at the best of times. Political and religious systems, social customs, loyalties and traditions, they all came tumbling down like so many rotten apples off a tree. I came up in the end with what mustalways remain the justification for grade-one thinking. I devised a coherent system for living. It was a moral system, which was wholly logical. Of course, as I readily admitted, conversion of the world to my way of thinking might be difficult, since my system did away with a number of trifles, such as big business, centralized government, armies, marriage...It was Ruth all over again. I had some very good friends who stood by me, and still do. But my acquaintances vanished, taking the girls with them. Young people seemed oddly contented with the world as it was. A young navy officer got as red-necked as Mr. Houghton when I proposed a world without any battleships in it.Had the game gone too far? In those prewar days, I stood to lose a great deal, for the sake of a hobby.Now you are expecting me to describe how I saw the folly of my ways and came back to the warm nest, where prejudices are called loyalties, pointless actions are turned into customs by repetition, where we are content to say we think when all we do is feel.But you would be wrong. I dropped my hobby and turned professional.。
新世纪大学英语精读4unit1
Unit 1 Man and NatureText BWord Detective1.1) d 2) a 3) f 4) c 5) g 6) e 7) b2.1) (vt.) cause to happen faster or earlier than expected(vi.) move faster2) (n.) a piece of land set aside for wild animals, plants, etc.(vt.) set aside or keep for a special purpose3) (n.) the protection of plants and animals esp. from the damaging effects of human activity(n.) the preservation of valuable natural substances that exist in limited amounts4) (n.) the people employed by a company or working in any organization(n.) the department in an organization that deals with the people working there5) (vt.) give (sb) the right to do with or have sth.(vt.) give a title to (a book)3.1) resides in 2) slowed down 3) is tied to 4) come by 5) called uponChecking Your Comprehension1. N. (Para. 1)2. Y (Para. 3)3. N (Para. 4)4. Y (Para.6)5. Y(Para.7,8,10) 6N (Para.7,10)Enhance Your Language AwarenessI. WORDS IN ACTIONWorking with Words and Expressions1. In the boxes below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete the following sentences with them. Change the form where necessary.1) disaster 2) compelled 3) historical 4) disciplined5) destruction 6) output 7) retreat 8) abandoned9) trace 10) eternal 11) investment 12) transfer13)justify 14) nonetheless 15) contributions 16) accelerate 17) threaten2. In the boxes below are some of the expressions you have learned in this unit. Do you know how to use them in the proper context? Now check for yourself by doing the blank-filling exercise. Change the form where necessary.1) show signs of 2) called upon 3) off limits 4) in fear of 5) slow down6) cut down 7) from head to foot 8) come by 9) lost out 10) As yet 11)reside in Increasing Your Word Power31) individual 2) contradictory 3) destructive 4) rational 5) primitive6) synthetic 7) distant 8) pessimistic 9) irreplaceable 10) enormousII. GRAMMAR REVIEW1.1)She wished us health and success in the new year.2)He asked how we were getting along with our work.3)Jack said to me that I would be happy to know that his condition had improved.4)Rose asked Jack whether he was sure his mother would like the idea.5)He asked John how long he had been waiting for them.2.1)The strikers protested to the police that they had no right to arrest them.2)He promised that he would give us whatever assistance we needed.3)He agreed (that) that was best solution to the problem.4)My sister admitted that it was she who had broken the glass.5)He declared that he meant what he said and would never go back on his word.6)The man insisted that we give an explanation of what had happened.7)Mrs. Jones complained that no one showed concern for the elderly in that country.8)The sales manager explained that he couldn’t give us a definite answer because he had not receivedinstructions from his company.CLOZE1) realm 2) elemental 3) obtain 4) stubbornly 5) transferred6) transformed 7) subdued 8) expansion 9) irreplaceable 10) extinct11) dynamic 12) verge 13) moderate 14) ecological 15) rationalTRANSLATION1、The village is so close to the border that the villagers live in constant fear of attacks from the enemy.2、In only twenty years the country was transformed into an advanced industrial power.3、The company has evolved into one of the major chemical manufacturing bases in this region.4、Given the current financial situation, it is inevitable that the US dollar will be further devalued.5、The government’s call for suggestions about the control of water pollution produced very little response fromthe citizens.6．The weather showed no signs of getting better so the government called upon us to get prepared for floods. 7、At one time scientists thought there was nothing smaller than an atom but now most people know that an atomconsists of even smaller particles.8、The students were all very much concerned about the World Cup, spending at least two hours every day watching the live matches on TV.9、The department store lost out because loans were very hard to come by and it could not start business on time.10、We can’t go there for a walk because there is a navy base there, which is off limits to tourists.2.Human beings live in the realm of nature. They are not only dwellers in nature, but also transformers of it. With the development of society and its economy, people tend to become less dependant on nature directly, but indirectly their dependence grows.Human beings are connected with nature by “blood”ties. No one can live outside nature. However, the previous dynamic balance between man and nature has shown signs of breaking down. Problems such as the population explosion, ecological imbalance and the shortage of nature resources have become major factors keeping human society from being further developed.Professor Spirkin holds that the only choice for human beings is the wise organization of production and care for Mother Nature.。
大学英语精读4第一课_课文分析
Lesson 1—Thinking as a Hobby
I.
Text Analysis
Further Questions on Appreciation
1. What does the author mean when he say “… I dropped my hobby and turned professional”? 2. Why is the author much more conclusive and informative about grade-three and grade-two thinking than about grade-one? What do you think grade-one thinking is? Have you got any indication from the essay? 3. Give examples of Golding’s wit. Does his sense of humor and the use of some writing devices help him achieve his purpose in this essay? Give some examples.
Lesson 1—Thinking as a Hobby
Part Three
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TLΒιβλιοθήκη EENTERLesson 1—Thinking as a Hobby
Text Appreciation
I. Text Analysis
1. Theme 2. Structure 3. General Analysis 4. Further Questions on Appreciation II. Writing Devices 1. Metonymy 4. Hyperbole 2. Synecdoche 5. Simile 3. Irony 6. Metaphor III. Sentence Paraphrase
lesson1_extension 现代大学英语精读4课件课文 外研社U1
WB T L E
Lesson 1—Thinking as a Hobby
Lesson 1—Thinking as a Hobby
II. Quiz 1
Indicate if each statement is True (T) or False (F) according to your understanding of the text.
To be continued on the next page.
CDB
Lesson 1—Thinking as a Hobby
II. Quiz 2
10. She had been educated in England, which
accounted for her ______ in the English language.
To be continued on the next page.
B A D/C
Lesson 1—Thinking as a Hobby
II. Quiz 2
13. International football matches do not always make
______ better unde.
sad now.
A. divinity
B. indignity
C. ego
D. mind
8. Hundreds of people ______ on the playground for
watching the Dragon Lantern Show.
A. contrived
B. conformed
D. offence
5. The current spirit of _____ among the various
最新大学英语精读第4册U1ppt课件
of underbrush.
L36 an empty victory
• [usually before noun] (of sth that sb says or does) with no meaning; not meaning what is said; having no effect
child for school. • He wasn't there at the crucial moment (=
when he was needed most).
L30 took the gamble of pressing on to Moscow
• gamble [singular] an action or plan that involves a risk but that you hope will succeed 冒险
L24 engaged (at …) in
• engage to attack or begin to fight someone: 交战
• Enemy planes engaged the troops as they advanced into the mountains.
• [I always + prep.] to be doing or to become involved in an activity; to take part in something
• The car got bogged down in the mud.
• The tank became bogged down in mud.
现代大学英语 精读4 unit1unit6 短语、句子翻译(全)另附重点课文全文翻译
浴巾a bath towel 文法学校a grammar school永恒的真理the eternal truth文件柜a filling cabinet 新鲜空气fresh air纯属无稽之谈utter nonsense 违规行为delinquent behavior常客a frequent visitor高品德的high-minded monologue 固定的观点a settle view 时事current affairs身体障碍a physical impediment一阵狂风a hideous wind令人厌恶的景象a hideous sight言语障碍 a speech impediment 使人兴奋冲动的爱国激情heady patriotism无情的人侵者the remorseless invaders 首相the Prime Minister 烂苹果rotten apples国际联盟the League of Nations 思维过程a mental process 条理清楚的文章a coherent article一位点头之交a nodding acquaintance一个完整的体系a coherent system一位口译好手a proficient interpreter 一种不可阻挡的趋向an irresistible trend逐字逐句的激励literally inspired夜生活evening life食宿board and lodging 供吃住的寄宿舍boarding-house瞬间a split second玻璃弹子glass marbles做徒劳无益的事whipping the dead horse阿司匹林片aspirin tablets在此情况下in the circumstances提前in advance走过场a matter of form 楼梯间平台的窗户landing window紧张气氛the tense atmosphere毛线针knitting needles梦游to walk in one’s sleep飞机翼展the wingspan of a plane专业的历史工作者professional historians基于常识的反应a common-sense reaction事物的这种状况this state of affairs意见不一的历史学家contending historians老生常谈的事a cut-and-dried matter一个个人喜好的问题a matter of personal preference截然不同的观点diametrically opposed points of view 民间故事folk tales书面文件written documents过去的遗留物the remains of the past人的动机和行为human motivations and behavior 复杂和精细sophistication and subtlety 商船merchant ships 一旦发生潜艇战in the event of a submarine warfare一个粗糙的理论a crude theory 好战的行为belligerent acts宣传机器a propaganda machine 德国外交部长the German foreign secretary权力平衡the balance of power因果关系the cause and effect海岸炮兵the shore batteries 终极关怀the ultimate concern 近因a proximate cause人们常说的一句话a well-used phrase不会出错的解释 a foolproof explanation绝对有效的模式a model of unquestioned validity 永不停止的探索a never-ending quest 一个难以达到但又十分诱人的目标an elusive yet intriguing goal难以解决的两难困境an insoluble dilemma 一本难以看懂的书an incomprehensible book一个爱交际的女人a sociable woman 黑市the black market黑色幽默black humor 害群之马black sheep黑人权利black power表达能力不强的人inarticulate people 全国性活动 a nationwide campaign赞美的话complimentary remarks 淘气男孩a mischievous boy一些有权力的人物certain powerful quarters 种族隔离的学校segregated schools 不可争议的权威indisputable authority公海high sea 上流社会high society 机密的消息confidential information 冷漠的门impersonal doors客观的信an impersonal letter 真诚的羡慕an unselfish envy紧张的声音a strained voice度假别墅holiday villa 一个著名的电视名人a famous television personality 刻薄下流语言obscene language 下流故事an obscene story银行袭击a bank raid 生产双层玻璃公司a double-glazing company联合抵押joint mortgage 拌嘴a cross word永远达不到的目标an unattainable goal 乡村和西部音乐country and western music加重了的潜水腰带a weighted diving belt 心碎heart-broken以自我为中心的人a self-centered man光是重量sheer weight光是运气sheer luck 一派胡言sheer nonsense军号声bulge call 人工呼吸kiss of life一串气泡 a trail of bubbles一点点关心one tiny scrap of care 非理性因素non-rational factors 过去的好日子good old days思想模式thought patterns 陈旧的故事stock anecdotes思路brain path 鲜明的对比 a striking contrast 强烈的满足感keen satisfaction 感情上的联想sentimental association 一场恶吵a bitter quarrel 酸葡萄sour grapes毫无根据的意见groundless opinions社会地位social position重要而有说服力的因素 a potent factor怀疑的余地room of doubt一种教条的观点great intellects大学者们great intellects不可避免的结果inevitable result 长期的斗争age-long struggle互相矛盾冲突的观点conflicting ideas鲜明的例子striking examples根深蒂固的信仰deeply-rooted convictions仅仅是断言bare assertion低头to sink one's head 使船沉没to sink the ship思考生命的意义to contemplate the meaning of life让阳光一下照着to catch the light毁了一个人的身体to ruin one's health 毁了国家to ruin the country猛敲桌子to bang the desk 扮演一个重要的角色to playa prominent role占有重要的位置to hold a prominent position 一个虔诚的佛教徒a pious Buddhist获得一种名声to gain a reputation 满足一个人的虚荣心to satisfy one's ego严刑逼供to give sb the third degree 发明一种教学方法to devise a teaching method在某人手中悄悄塞一支枪to slide a gun into sb's hand引起一些兴趣to whip up a little interest让谈话继续下去to keep the ball rolling让谈话开始to set the ball rolling一个作风古怪的百万富翁an eccentric millionaire分配资金to allot capital 勒紧裤带to tighten one’s belt 讲一句话to make a remark伸出一只手to stretch out one’s hand 润润嘴唇to moisten one’s lips抱怨天气to complain of the weather将棍子用力插入沙中to plunge the stick into the sand 突然冲我来了to turn on me 使某人心烦to get on one’s nerve是某人将某事忘得精光t o put something out of someone’s mind脱钩t o come off the hook做填字游戏t o do a crossword puzzle 擤鼻涕to blow one’s nose 在鼻子上涂粉to powder one’s nose 提出案发时不在现场的证据to give an alibi获得新的深刻认识to gain new insights 修改一个人的观点to revise one’s ideas追查起因to trace the cause 从这前提出发to begin from this premise朝目标开火to open fire on/at 给以同样重视to give equal weight to sth支持某一观点to support a certain view 对政府施加影响to influence the government破坏实力平衡to destroy the balance of power 组成联盟to form an alliance偿还贷款to repay the loans 考虑战争的问题to contemplate war填补缺口to fill in the gaps 结束探索to conclude the quest从某一角度看问题to view sth from a certain perspective从比较中获益to benefit from the comparison消灭差别to eliminate from the comparison 深入研究问题to dig into the problem 淹没在大海之中to be immersed in a vast sea从不同的观点出发to stem from a different point of view命中注定要做某事to be destined to do sth 无视这个事实to ignore the fact作出假设to make an assumption 打败敌人to defeat the enemy夺回失土to win back one’s lost territory沉船to sink a boat截获机密to intercept the secret message将证据凑在一起to piece together evidence接近真理to approximate the truth 掌握新技术to master new techniques庆祝他的50华诞to celebrate its Golden Jubilee 引起羡慕to excite admiration触动良心to touch the conscience 得奖to win the prize受到训斥to receive a reprimand 省去这些字to omit the words宣布放弃奖金renounce the prizes 避免一场危机avert a crisis参加仪式attend the ceremony 展示一件艺术品exhibit a work of art尽情享受乐趣to indulge in pleasures 保护一个孩子guard a child感到有能力做某事feel up to do something 使某事正式结束bring sth to a close挥手让某人进去wave sb in 使某人不必处于某种场合to save sb from a situation向某人说说心里话to talk out one’s heart to sb 把某人打翻在地knock sb down给某人斟酒pour sb a drink 举杯祝酒raise one’s glass从大腿上慢慢流下来trickle down her legs像鲸鱼一样喷水puff like a whale想雪一样融化掉melt down like snow 一眼看清了当时的情况sum up the scene进行电视采访do their interview 心存怨恨bear resentment难受的想吐feel sick in the stomach 突然大声的怒气冲冲的冲进来come in like thunder 渐渐散去drift away gradually 看中某人的意见value one’s opinion提高在某人心中的地位increase one’s standing with sb使自己振作起来pull oneself together 开始提供晚餐serve dinner 禽抱一个拿枪的劫匪tackle an armed robber和某人厮守下去stick with sb 系上腰带fasten the seat belt虐待妻子abuse one’s wife 和很多人乱搞男女关系screw his way around碰某人一个手指头lay a finger on sb 进行人工呼吸catch sb trying to do sth用力把自己身体升起heave oneself up浮出水面float to the surface在水下拼命挣扎thrash about under the water 使自己依靠在某物上prop oneself against冲出水面break surface 抓住某物seize hold of sth 把自己用力拉起来haul oneself up 紧紧锁住某人双手pinion one’s arms 把某人挡开fend sb off击中某处land a blow 呆在水下stay under in the water将这些观点加以归类to classify propositions 持有一种意见to hold an opinion 建立信念to establish convictions 颠倒过程to reverse the process 对是否是真相提出疑问to question the truth 获得财富to acquire wealth接受一种新的信念to adopt a new belief 放弃信念to abandon belief证明完全相反to demonstrate the contrary 相信这一事实to credit the fact 怀有一种意见to entertain an opinion使这个字的意思延伸一下to extend the term珍惜他们的尊敬to value their respect轻视他们的意见to belittle their opinions考虑某一点to make an allowance改变我们的思维模式to alter our thought patterns走同样的路to take the same course鹦鹉学舌般重复他人的思想to parrot others' ideasUNIT 11、我知道，不管发生什么I knew I could expect my brother to stand by me whatever happened.2、一般情况下As a general rule, young people tend to be more interest in the present and the future.3、如果他们双方不妥协Both sides will stand to lose if they do not compromise.4、我们希望使我们It is our hope to make all the courses and teaching materials integrated.5、中国的书面文字The Chinese written language has been a major factor for integrating our nation.6、在中国的传统艺术中In traditional Chinese art, the bamboo often stands for moral integrity and uprightness.7、绝大多数人都赞成深化改革The great majority of the people stand for further reform.8、伊丽莎白一世Queen Elizabeth the First ruled England for 45 years, and the country prospered under her rule.9、真理一开始The truth is always in the hand of a small minority at first. That's the rule.10, 民主意味着由Democracy mean s that the majority rules, but the minority’s right to disagree is also respected. These two basic rules are of equal importance.11、一个国A nation cannot be strong unless it is well-integrated economically, politically and culturally as well as geographically.12、那次晚会很乏味The party was boring, so she slipped out of the room and went home.13 路很泥泞The road was muddy. He slipped and fell into the river.14、有一天，我因为One day I was drowning my sorrows in a restaurant because I was broke when he came and slipped a roll of money into my hand.15、佛罗里达州The Court of Florida ruled that it was necessary to recount the votes.16、认为太阳绕着地球The idea that the sun moves round the earth ruled ancient scholars for more than a thousand years.17、这些胡同The hutongs are an integral part of old Beijing.18、日子一天天过去Days slipped by and I still had not made much progress.19、他怕犯错He weighed every word carefully lest he should make a mistake.20、她的身体糟糕到了Her health was such terrible that she would not go out in the sun even in winter lest she get sun-stroke.你能强迫一个Y ou can force a student to attend classes, but you cannot force him to think.学习文学The study of literature can help you to understand not only other people but also yourself.通过阅读范文Y ou can improve your writing by reading good models and by practicing writing.在中世纪In the Middle Ages, people believed that the earth was flat and that it was the center of the universe.我既没有时间I can afford neither the time nor the money to play golf with those big cheeses.小金Xiao Jin could not decide whether to apply for graduate studies right after college or to get a job first.爱能改善人们Love cures people-both those who give it and those who receive it.优秀的企业Excellent firms don't believe in perfection, only in constant improvement and constant change.许多东西Many things cannot be learned in the classroom, such as planning one's time, working on one's own and managing one's own affairs.在过去的10年里In the past ten years people, especially old people, have been concerned more about their health than about their income.UNIT21、我们公司在这么短It is a miracle how our company has developed into a multinational in sucha short span of time.2、那个国家的平均寿命The average life span of that country has increased from 42 years to 50 years in a matter of two decades.3、这两个国家的冲突The conflict between the two countries has spanned more than half a century.4有四座大桥There are four bridges spanning the river.5、我对你非常感谢I'm much obliged to you. Without your help, I would never have finished the book.6、不，这个聚会No, you are not obliged to go to the party. You don't have to go if you don't want to.7 人们找她She’s always ready to oblige when people come to her for help.8 山谷里有一个小湖In the valley is a small lake right between a meadow and a hill. It is a perfect spot for picnic .9、他坐在一个阴凉Sitting in that shady spot he soon dozed off.10、他看见我把一个塑料He criticized me on the spot when he saw me throw a plastic bag by the roadside.11 那是一件白底蓝点It is a white shirt with blue spots. It looks quite pretty.12、这位侦探发现了The detective spotted the suspect and he walked and arrested him.13、有一个气球爆了One of the balloons popped and it gave me quite a start.14 在上课的时候进It is very impolite to keep popping in and out of the classroom when the class is still going on.15、当他看见那位小伙子When he saw the young man ready to pay for the BMW in cash, his eyes almost popped out of his head.16、在那些国家里水比油In those countries, water is worth a lot more than oil. Friends will often bring dollars' worth of water as a gift.17、这个项目完成When this project is completed, it will benefit about a hundred thousand people. It will be well worth the effort and investment.18、这电影不值得看两遍This movie is not worth seeing twice. In fact, it's not worth seeing at all.19 我觉得那地方值得I think it is worthwhile to visit that place. I hear they have kept all their traditional houses intact-houses that were built in Ming-Qing styles.20、贾宝玉当他父亲Jia Baoyu was sick and tired of being his father's worthy son. He yearned for freedom.1.看来病人在这个城市It seems the patient has no relatives in this city.2.交朋友易It’s easy to make friends but difficult to keep them.3.他总是懂的朋友He can always understand what his friends are thinking and worrying about.4.或许根本就不是Perhaps it wasn’t Xiao Jiang at all who had left the tap running all night.5.那男孩一点也不The boy had no idea how he had become an old man in half a day.6.不知道王宁I wonder how Wang Ning has been doing in London. I haven’t heard from himfor almost a year.7.你出生于什么样的家庭It doesn’t matter what family you were born into. The real test ishow far you can go from where you started.8.她简直不相信She simply couldn’t believe what she saw. It was only yesterday that the twintowers were standing there.9.第八号陪审员Juror No. 8 pointed out that it might have been someone else who had stabbedthe boy’s father to death.10.在市场经济中In the market economy, it is primarily by individuals and firms rather than bygovernment agencies that decisions about what to produce, how much to produce are made.UNIT3The cause of the aircraft crash is so far unknown.The cause of global warming is still hotly debated among scientists.He devoted all his life to the cause of environmental protection.The river has caused us a lot of trouble in history.What do you think caused the upsurge of international terrorism?We must try and unite with those who have opposed us.There is always opposition to any progress and reform.Some people are always opposed to new things.A lot of those loans were never repaid. That high ratio of bad debts finally led to the financial crisis in this second economic power in the world.The Business Bank now offers a special loan for students who can't pay for their education.The boy asked Mrs.Stow for the loan of her binoculars.Her concluded her speech by saying that she hoped she could come again some day and see more of the country.As soon as they concluded the investigation, they were to report to the Security Council.14.在他访问期间，During his visit, he will conclude a new trade agreement with India.15根据这些有理疑点，陪审团只能得出结论，这个少Based on those reasonable doubts, the jury had to conclude that the boy was not guilty.She is flying to New York by way of Tokyo.I'd like to say a few words about the situation in the sixties of the last century by way of an introduction to the movie.They decided to recall their ambassador by way of protest.Heroes and heroines are people with unusual qualities.Celebrities are people who become famous because of publicity through the media.3.在中国大陆，“爱人In China mainland, "sweet heart" often refers to a person's husband or wife.A fair-weather friend is one who will desert you as soon as you are in trouble.5.从广义上说，货币指Broadly speaking, money refers to anything generally accepted inexchange for other goods and services.An armchair revolutionary is one who talks about revolution, but who doesn't put what he says into practice.Professor Lu says that a good teacher is one who does all he/she can to make himself/herself unnecessary for the students.8.经济学定义为研究商品和服务的生产、分配和消费的社会Economics is defined as the social science that deals with the production, distribution and consumption of goods and services. DVD is a disk on which large amounts of information, especially photographs and video can be stored, for use on a computer.10.《牛津高级学生词典》The Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary defines "workaholic" as "a person who works most of the time and finds it difficult to stop working in order to do other things".UNIT41、因为疯牛病Import of that country’s beef was suspended because of the mad cow scare.2、在战争期间During the war, they had to suspend the construction of the railway.3、吸毒是一件严重It was a serious offence to take drugs. Robert was suspended from school for two weeks.4、她正躺在悬挂She was reading in a hammock suspended from two tree branches.5 这次暂停销售The sales suspension has brought us heavy losses.6 这也许是亚洲This is perhaps the longest suspension bridge in Asia.7 这个作家善于制造悬念。
21世纪大学英语读写教程第四册Unit1课文讲解
21世纪大学英语读写教程第四册Unit1课文讲解21世纪大学英语读写教程第四册Unit1课文讲解导语：作为一个年轻的男孩，爱因斯坦在学校做得很差，老师觉得他很慢。
年轻的拿破仑·波拿巴只是法国陆军数百名火炮中尉之一。
乔治·华盛顿少年，没有受过正规教育，正在接受训练，不是作为士兵，而是作为土地测量师。
谁是伟大的?下面这篇英语课文将详叙这方面的内容，欢迎阅读。
Pre-reading ActivitiesFirst ListeningBefore listening to the tape, have a quick look at the following words.genetics遗传学psychiatry精神病学persistent坚持不懈的Second ListeningListen to the tape again and then answer the following questions.1.What question did professor Simonton's research project seek to answer?2.What three personality traits of great people are mentioned?a) __________________________________________________________.b) __________________________________________________________.c) __________________________________________________________.3.What negative trait of "great" people is mentioned?4. Does professor Simonton believe that great people aremore often mentally ill than other people?Who Is Great?Michael RyanAs a young boy, Albert Einstein did so poorly in school that teachers thought he was slow. The young Napoleon Bonaparte was just one of hundreds of artillery lieutenants in the French Army. And the teenage George Washington, with little formal education, was being trained not as a soldier but as a land surveyor.Despite their unspectacular beginnings, each would go on to carve a place for himself in history. What was it that enabled them to become great? Were they born with something special? Or did their greatness have more to do with timing, devotion and, perhaps, an uncompromising personality?For decades, scientists have been asking such questions. And, in the past few years, they have found evidence to help explain why some people rise above, while others—similarly talented, perhaps—are left behind. Their findings could have implications for us all.Who is great? Defining who is great depends on how one measures success. But there are some criteria. "Someone who has made a lasting contribution to human civilization is great," said Dean Keith Simonton, a professor of psychology at the University of California at Davis and author of the 1994 book Greatness: Who Makes History and Why. But he added a word of caution: "Sometimes great people don't make it into the history books. A lot of women achieved great things or were influential but went unrecognized."In writing his book, Simonton combined historical knowledge about great figures with recent findings in genetics,psychiatry and the social sciences. The great figures he focused on include men and women who have won Nobel Prizes, led great nations or won wars, composed symphonies that have endured for centuries, or revolutionized science, philosophy, politics or the arts. Though he doesn't have a formula to define how or why certain people rise above (too many factors are involved), he has come up with a few common characteristics.A "never surrender" attitude. If great achievers share anything, said Simonton, it is an unrelenting drive to succeed. "There's a tendency to think that they are endowed with something super-normal," he explained. "But what comes out of the research is that there are great people who have no amazing intellectual processes. It's a difference in degree. Greatness is built upon tremendous amounts of study, practice and devotion."He cited Winston Churchill, Britain's prime minister during World War II, as an example of a risk-taker who would never give up. Thrust into office when his country's morale was at its lowest, Churchill rose brilliantly to lead the British people. In a speech following the Allied evacuation at Dunkirk in 1940, he inspired the nation when he said, "We shall not flag or fail. We shall go on to the end...We shall never surrender."Can you be born great? In looking at Churchill's role in history—as well as the roles of other political and military leaders—Simonton discovered a striking pattern: "Firstborns and only children tend to make good leaders in time of crisis: They're used to taking charge. But middle-borns are better as peacetime leaders: They listen to different interest groups better and make the necessary compromises. Churchill, an only child, was typical. He was great in a crisis, but in peacetime he was not effective—not even popular."Timing is another factor. "If you took George Washington and put him in the 20th century he would go nowhere as a politician," Simonton declared. "He was not an effective public speaker, and he didn't like shaking hands with the public. On the other hand, I'm not sure Franklin Roosevelt would have done well in Washington's time. He wouldn't have had the radio to do his fireside chats."Can you be too smart? One surprise among Simonton's findings is that many political and military leaders have been bright but not overly so. Beyond a certain point, he explained, other factors, like the ability to communicate effectively, become more important than innate intelligence as measured by an IQ test. The most intelligent U.S. Presidents, for example—Thomas Jefferson, Woodrow Wilson and John F. Kennedy—had a hard time getting elected, Simonton said, while others with IQs closer to the average (such as Warren G. Harding) won by landslides. While political and economic factors also are involved, having a genius IQ is not necessary to be a great leader.In the sciences, those with "genius level" IQs do have a better chance at achieving recognition, added Simonton. Yet evidence also indicates that overcoming traditional ways of thinking may be just as important.He pointed to one recent study where college students were given a set of data and were asked to see if they could come up with a mathematical relation. Almost a third did. What they did not know was that they had just solved one of the most famous scientific equations in history: the Third Law of Planetary Motion, an equation that Johannes Kepler came up with in 1618.Kepler's genius, Simonton said, was not so much in solving a mathematical challenge. It was in thinking about the numbers ina unique way—applying his mathematical knowledge to his observations of planetary motion. It was his boldness that set him apart.Love your work. As a child, Einstein became fascinated with the way magnets are drawn to metal. "He couldn't stop thinking about this stuff," Simonton pointed out. "He became obsessed with problems in physics by the time he was 16, and he never stopped working on them. It's not surprising that he made major contributions by the time he was 26.""For most of us, it's not that we don't have the ability," Simonton added, "it's that we don't devote the time. You have to put in the effort and put up with all the frustrations and obstacles."Like other creative geniuses, Einstein was not motivated by a desire for fame, said Simonton. Instead, his obsession with his work was what set him apart.Where such drive comes from remains a mystery. But it is found in nearly all creative geniuses—whether or not their genius is acknowledged by contemporaries."Emily Dickinson was not recognized for her poetry until after her death," said Simonton. "But she was not writing for fame. The same can be said of James Joyce, who didn't spend a lot of time worrying about how many people would read Finnegans Wake."Today, researchers have evidence that an intrinsic passion for one's work is a key to rising above. In a 1985 study at Brandeis University conducted by Teresa Amabile, now a professor of business administration at Harvard University, a group of professional writers—none famous—were asked to write a short poem. Each writer was then randomly placed in one of threegroups: One group was asked to keep in mind the idea of writing for money; another was told to think about writing just for pleasure; and a third group was given no instruction at all.The poems then were submitted anonymously to a panel of professional writers for evaluation. The poetry written by people who thought about writing for money ranked lowest. Those who thought about writing just for pleasure did the best. "Motivation that comes from enjoying the work makes a significant difference, "Amabile said.New Wordsartilleryn. heavy guns, often mounted on wheels, used in fighting on land, branch of an army that uses these 火炮;大炮;炮兵(部队) surveyorn. a person whose job is to examine and record the area and features of a piece of land by measuring and calculating (土地)测量员;勘测员unspectaculara. ordinary; not exciting or special 不引人注意的;不惊人的spectaculara. (attracting attention because) impressive or extraordinary 引人注目的;出色的;与众不同的carvevt. 1. form (sth.) by cutting away material from wood or stone 雕刻;雕刻成2. build (one's career, reputation, etc.)by hard work 靠勤奋创(业)，靠勤奋树(名声)uncompromisinga. not ready to make any compromise; firm or unyielding. 不妥协的.，坚定的;不让步的influentiala. having a lot of influence on sb./sth. 有影响的;有权势的geneticsn. the scientific study of the ways in which different characteristics are passed from each generation of living things to the next 遗传学psychiatryn. the study and treatment of mental illness 精神病学;精神病治疗composevt. write (music, opera, poetry, etc.) 创作(音乐、歌剧、诗等) symphonyn. a long complex musical composition for a large orchestra, usu. in three or four parts 交响乐characteristicn. a typical feature or quality 特点unrelentinga. not becoming less strong or severe; continuous 不松懈的，不放慢的;持续的endowvt. provide (sb./sth.) with a good quality, ability, feature, etc. 给予，赋予super-normala. 超出一般的;超常的;非凡的amazinga. extremely good; esp. in a surprising and unexpected way 惊人的，令人吃惊的citevt. mention (sb./sth.) as an example or to support an argument; refer to 引用，引证;举出risk-takern. a person who dares to take risks 敢于冒险的人thrustvt. push (sth./sb./oneself) suddenly or violently (用力)推;强使moralen. state of confidence, enthusiasm, determination, etc. that a person or group has at a particular time 士气，精神状态brilliantlyad. in an outstanding manner 杰出地;才华横溢地Allieda. of the Allies (a group of countries fighting on the same side in a war, esp. those which fought with Britain in World Wars I and II) (第一次世界大战时期)协约国的;(第二次世界大战时期)同盟国的allyn. person, country, etc. joined with another in order to give help and support 同盟者;同盟国evacuationn. leaving a place of danger for a safer place 撤离;撤退evacuatev. 1. remove (sb.) from a place of danger to a safer place 撤退，撤出2. leave or withdraw from (a place) 撤离(某处)flagvi. become tired or weak; begin to lose enthusiasm or energy 疲乏;变弱;(热情、精力等)衰退，低落strikinga. attracting attention; unusual or interesting enough to be noticed 引人注目的;显著的，突出的firstbornn. a child born before other children 长子(或长女)peacetimen. a period when a country is not at war 和平时期firesiden. part of a room beside the fireplace, esp. considered as a warm comfortable place 壁炉旁chatn. a friendly informal conversation 闲谈，聊天fireside chat炉边亲切闲谈;(政治领袖在无线电或电视广播中)不拘形式的讲话innatea. (of a quality, feeling, etc.) in one's nature; possessed from birth 天生的landsliden. (竞选中)压倒多数的选票;一面倒的胜利equationn. 等式;方程(式)boldnessn. the state or quality of being confident and brave 勇敢，无畏bolda. confident and brave; daring 勇敢的，无畏的;敢作敢为的magnetn. a piece of iron or other material that can attract iron, either naturally or because of an electric current passed through it 磁铁obsessionn. the state of being obsessed 着迷contemporaryn. a person who lives or lived at the same time as another, usu. being roughly the same age 同代人;(几乎)同年龄的人a. belong to the same time; of the present time; modern 属于同一时代的;当代的;现代的poetryn. poems collectively or in general [总称]诗intrinsica. (of a value or quality) belonging naturally to sb./sth.; existing within sb./sth., rather than coming from outside 固有的;本质的;内在的randomlyad. without method or conscious choice 任意地，胡乱地submitvt. give (sth.) to sb./sth. so that it may be formally considered or so that a decision about it may be made 提交，呈递anonymouslyad. without revealing one's name 用匿名的方式evaluationn. the act of assessing or forming an idea of the amount, quality or value of sb./sth. 评价，评估Phrases and Expressionshave (sth., nothing, a lot, etc.) to do with sb./sth.be connected or concerned with sb./sth. to the extent specified 与某人 / 某事有(一些、毫无、很大)关系make historybe or do sth. so important or unusual that it will be recorded in history 创造历史，影响历史的进程;做出值得纪念(或载入史册的)事情rise abovebecome successful or outstanding 取得成功;出类拔萃leave behindcause to lag behind; surpass 把…丢在后面;超过focus onconcentrate on 集中于;着重于be endowed withnaturally have a good quality, ability, feature, etc. 天生具有come out oforiginate in or develop from 从…中获得;从…中发展而来build...uponbase ... on; use (sth.) as a foundation for further progress 把…建立在…上take chargetake control (of sth.); be responsible (for sth.) 掌管;负责go /get nowhereachieve no success or make no progress 不能成功;无进展set ... apartmake (sb./sth.) different from or superior to others 使显得突出，使显得与众不同put up withtolerate or bear (sb./sth.) 忍受，容忍Proper NamesMichael Ryan迈克尔·赖恩Napoleon Bonaparte拿破仑·波拿巴 (1769 — 1821, 法兰西第一帝国和百日王朝皇帝) George Washington乔治·华盛顿 (1732 — 1799, 美国第一任总统)Keith Simonton基思·西蒙顿Dunkirk敦刻尔克(法国北部港市)Franklin Roosevelt富兰克林·罗斯福 (1882 — 1945, 美国第三十二任总统)Thomas Jefferson托马斯·杰斐逊 (1743 — 1826, 美国第三任总统，《独立宣言》主要起草人)Woodrow Wilson伍德罗·威尔逊 (1856 — 1924, 美国第二十八任总统)Warren G. Harding沃伦·G·哈定 (1865 — 1923, 美国第二十九任总统)Johannes Kepler开普勒 (1571 — 1630, 德国天文学家和占星家)Emily Dickinson艾米莉·迪金森 (1830 — 1886, 美国女诗人，美国现代诗先驱者之一)James Joyce詹姆斯·乔伊斯 (1882 — 1941, 爱尔兰小说家，多用“意识流”手法，代表作《尤利西斯》)Finnegans Wake《为芬尼根守灵》(乔伊斯于 1939 年出版的最后一部小说)Brandeis布兰代斯大学 (马萨诸塞州)Teresa Amabile特蕾莎·阿玛贝尔下载全文下载文档。
精读第四册Unit 1教案
授课题目：Unit 1Big Bucks the Easy Way授课类型：理论课教学目的：1) Help Ss get to know the lesson “No pains, no gains” and there is no “big bucks the easy way”.2) Ss should grasp the text content, basic vocabularies before class and finish the oral English practice in the class that required by T.3) Ss are to learn the reading skill—avoiding vocalization and inner speech.4) Ss are to learn the writing skill—words’ choice.教学要求：1) Get the main idea and summarize the text.2) Make a role-play according to the text.3) Do the exercises in the textbook.4) Understand that there is no way to earn money easily.教学重点及难点：理解文章主旨思想，完成role-play或者finding a part-time job的口语练习。
教学方法和手段：以学生为中心，采取交际法、翻译法、交互法、讨论法与演示法等多种方法相结合开展课程教学。
课堂讨论，促进师生互动；图表讲解课文结构及写作技巧；使用录音机、幻灯片、多媒体课件、相关图文资料及网络辅助教学等手段深入讲解课文，多层次多角度的开展课堂活动，使学生寓学于乐。
教学内容和过程：Step One Pre-reading Activities (20 minutes)1. Warm-up questions (10 mins)1) Do you depend on your parents financially?2) Have you ever had the worst experience of earning money? Please tell us about the time, kind of work and the amount of money you earn from that job.3) Do you think it was worthwhile? Did you get anything else besides money?4) Is it easy to earn money by working part-time? Are there any easy ways to make much money?Step Two While-reading Activities (40 minutes)1. Ss read the text and then discuss the following questions (30 mins)Lines 1-91. What did the father tell his college sons to think about?To deliver bags of magazines to make some of their own money.2. What was the father worried about?The sons would become used to or feel content with living by asking for money all the time.Lines 10-221. Why did the mother phone the father?She wanted him to know what was going on at home.2. How do you understand the word “super” she snapped?“S uper” means ver y good. But she “snapped” it, which means she was very angry. She was being sarcastic, i.e. she meant the opposite of what she said.3. Can you paraphrase the sentence “Another truck just pulled up out front”?Another truck has stopped outside in front of our house to deliver more materials.Lines 23-291. Which company did the two sons do the delivery job for?The Sunday Newspaper Company.2. Why did each truck deliver 4000 of the inserts?Each one was from a different company and had the ads the sons were required to deliver to 4000 houses.3. Why did two boys think it “piece of cake?They had no idea of how much work it would mean.Lines 30-35What did the father mean when he said “they are college men.”?He meant that they were grown-ups, and should be capable of dealing with the situation.Lines 36-501. In what cases does people’s voice become unnaturally high and quavering?When they are excited, angry, upset and the like.2. What does “magazine sections” mean?Parts of magazines, 8 or 12 pages long.3. How many steps are there in the process before delivering?Five: take out, roll, slip, band and slide.Lines 51-661. What do you think of the father’s answer?Clever and sensible. It is a lie, a harmless lie, one told in order to avoid upsetting somebody.2. Why did the father say “That’s encouraging”?The sons were learning how to solve the problem of manpower shortage; they hired other people to help, and learnt to improve efficiency by establishing assembly lines.3. Why did the mother say “it is very discouraging”?The measures weren’t working at all.Lines 67-771. W hat do you think of the father’s bonus program？It is reasonable and logical. Bonus is a popular incentive that management adopts. Sometimes we have to lose something in order to gain something. If you are reluctant to use a small bait, you can hardly get a big fish.2. Did the son understand that at first thought?No. he thought the more the workers got, the less he obtained.3. Why did the son answer “Yes, Sir”?He had come to realize it was a business and he took the father’s instructions as an order.Lines 78-861. What does “see the color of cash” mean?See Note 7 in your text book.2. What’s the difference between the original payment and the demanded one?The original payment was five dollars per person, while now they demanded five dollars per hour.3. Who probably played the mediating role?The mother.Lines 87-94Why did the son think it “enough”?No matter how much, it was the money they made by themselves with great efforts and they learnt a lot from the experience.Lines 95-1091. What did the youngest sons learn from their college brothers?They learnt to make their own money in order to avoid having to ask for money all the time.2. What were they going to do to try to earn money?They were going to sell or rent the family’s books.3. Do you agree “you’re never done with books”?Yes. Because………No. B ecause ………..2. T asks Ss to summarize the main idea and structure of the text (10 mins) Summary questions and concluding remarks:1) Do you think it necessary for the sons to make some money for themselves? Give reasons for your answer.I think it necessary…….because………..2) What do you think is needed in accomplishing something difficult?I think it is self-confidence, perseverance, co-operation or team work, reasonable management, strategies of solving problems, etc.3) What is the father’s tone in telling the story?The tone is light and ironic because the story is meant to be funny. The problem in the story was one that people think is very serious when it happens, but later they can laugh about.Step Three Post-reading Activities(100 minutes)1. Ss are to finish the exercises that are related to the new words after class and T explains some if necessary. (10 mins)2. Ss are to do role-play according to the text or make dialogues with the topic “Finding a Part-time Job” and present their performance in the class. (80 mins) Some useful expressions for finding jobs they may use:Job huntingInquiriesI’m looking for a summer job. Do you have any positions open?I’m looking for a job. Are there any vacancies /positions vacant in your company?Do you have any vacancy for a part-time job? /Do you have any job for a part-timer?/I was wondering whether you needed any part-timers.Hello, I’m calling about your ad for a lab assistant. Is the position still open? /Is the place filled?I’m interested in the job you advertised in yesterday’s newspaper for an office assistant. Do you still have that vacancy?ResponsesWhat kind of job do you want /would you like /are you interested in?Are you looking for full-time or part-time work?We have an opening for an office assistant. Are you familiar with modern office equipment?We may have an opening soon. Call me again in two weeks’ time.I’m sorry, there’s no vacancy recently. I’ll contact you if anything turns up.I’m sorry the position has been filled /the job is taken.Why don’t you send us your resume and we can keep it on file?Job InterviewsFor InterviewersTell me a little about yourself.Why are you interested in the job? /What interests you most about the job?Why did you leave your last job?What kind of experience do you have for the job? /Have you done any work in this area before?What do you think are your strengths?Would you mind telling me something about your personality?What do you think you would bring to the job? /Why do you think we should giveyou the job?Can you work well with other people?Do you speak any foreign languages?Would you be willing to travel on business?How soon can you begin to work for us? /How soon could you start working?Is there anything you’d like to ask about the job? /Are there any questions you want to ask me about the company or anything else?That’s all that I want to ask you. We’ll let you know our decision in a few days. Thank you for coming in. We’ll get in touch with you as soon as we make a decision./We’ll be in touch with you within the next two weeks.For IntervieweesI’ve just graduate from Beijing University with a Bachelor’s degree in computer science.I’m graduating from university in July. My major is Economics and my minor is English.I had a summer job with an import-export company.In my last year at college, I worked as an intern in the sales /marketing /human resources department of an electronics company.I have taken a course in office administration.I’m applying for the job because it’s something I really enjoy doing.I think the job will give me a chance to use all the skills I’ve acquired.I have a cheerful personality /a high sense of responsibility.I have good organizational skills and I’m able to work without a lot of supervision. I’m very good with people /a good team player.I’d like to know if the company provides opportunities for further education.I wonder how much you’ll be paying for the job.Do you mind telling me what benefits you provide for your employees?When will I know whether I have the job? /When will I know your decision?3. T makes comments on their performance. (10 mins)Assignments（作业）1) Ss are to finish all the exercises after class.2) Preview Unit 2.课后小结：。
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naked with nothing but a bath towel; no crouching; naked arms; in an unfortunate position frozen in panic, worrying about the towel busying being beautiful W B T L ready to spring down at the top drawer from the cupboard busy being natural E
Lesson 1—Thinking as a Hobby
I.
Text Analysis
Question: How did the author describe the following
of thinking? Ruth: foolish argument, illogical and fled at last
life but showing hypocritical and prejudiced nature
A pious lady: who hated German with the proposition of loving enemies
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thinking Grade-three
Text Analysis
The summary of the characteristics of the three grades of thinking
figures to demonstrate his analyses of different grades
British Prime Minister: talking about the great benefit conferring on India by jailing Nehru and Gandhi American politicians: talking about peace and refusing to join the League of Nations Me, the author: not easily stampede, detect contradiction; turned into a professional thinker
established a background to support his later
analysis of three grades of thinking and some human natures.
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examples Mr. Houghton, nine tens of people Ruth, the author, (maybe) some acquaintances far and few between, only in books
Grade-two
Grade-one
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Further Questions on Appreciation
1. What does the author mean when he say “… I dropped my hobby and turned professional”? 2. Why is the author much more conclusive and informative about grade-three and grade-two thinking than about grade-one? What do you think grade-one thinking is? Have you got any indication from the essay? 3. Give examples of Golding’s wit. Does his sense of humor and the use of some writing devices help him achieve his purpose in this essay? Give some examples.
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Writing Devices
Metonymy （转喻）
More examples
It will lecture on disinterested purity while its neck is being remorselessly twisted toward a skirt. (Para. 23) girls Mr. Houghton
people should enjoy doing, and it is considered one of the most precious qualities
in young scholars for the healthy mental
development.
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Theme
Thinking is not just for professional thinkers
like philosophers. It is something all educated
Lesson 1—Thinking as a Hobby
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Text Analysis
Structure
Part 1 (Paras. 1—24 ) about:How the subject of thinking was first brought up to the author and his understanding of the nature of “grade-three thinking” Part 2 (Paras. 25—29) about: The author’s analysis of the nature of “grade-two thinking” Part 3 (Paras. 30—35) about: The author’s understanding of the “grade-one thinking” and his desire for it
Lesson 1—Thinking as a Hobby
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Text Analysis
Question: What do the three statuettes symbolize? What effect do the boy’s descriptions have? They represented the whole of life. The leopard stood for all animal needs or desires; Venus stood for love and the Thinker stood for thinking as a uniquely human feature. An humorous and sarcastic effect has been achieved by the author’s description of the statuettes, which
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How are the three statuettes described by the boy and what do they symbolize?
Scan the text and list out the related information.
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Venus
Text Analysis
Leopard Rodin’s Thinker
naked, muscular, who sat, looking down; his chin on his fist and elbow on his knee utterly miserable; contemplate the hindquarters of the leopard in endless gloom not miserable, an image of pure thought
Lesson 1—Thinking as a Hobby
Part Three
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Lesson 1—Thinking as a Hobby
Text Appreciation
I. Text Analysis
1. Theme 2. Structure 3. General Analysis 4. Further Questions on Appreciation II. Writing Devices 1. Metonymy 4. Hyperbole 2. Synecdoche 5. Simile 3. Irony 6. Metaphor III. Sentence Paraphrase