剑桥商务英语中级第二辑真题阅读精讲 TEST 2
BEC中级第二辑阅读真题及答案详解文件.doc
1 the contact between coach and employee not solving all difficulties at work2 the discussion of how certain situations could be better handled if they occur again3 a coach encouraging an employee to apply what has been taught to routine work situations4 coaching providing new interest to individuals who are unhappy in their current positions5 coaching providing a supportive environment to discuss performance6 employees being asked to analyse themselves and practise greater self-awareness7 coaching enabling a company to respond rapidly to a lack of expertise in a certain areaCoachingACoaching involves two or more people sitting down together to talk through issues that have comeup recently at work, and analysing how they were managed and how they might be dealt withmore effectively on subsequent occasions. Coaching thus transfers skills and information from oneperson to another in an on-the-job situation so that the work experience of the coach is used toadvise and guide the individual being coached. It also allows successes and failures to beevaluated in a non-threatening atmosphere.BCoaching means influencing the learner's personal development, for example his or her confidenceand ambition. It can take place any time during an individual's career. Coaching is intended toassist individuals to function more effectively, and it is a powerful learning model. It begins whereskills-based training ends, and helps individuals to use formally learnt knowledge in day-to-daywork and management situations. Individuals being coached are in a demanding situation withtheir coach, which requires them to consider their own behaviour and question their reasons fordoing things.CThe coach professionally assists the career development of another individual, outside the normalmanager/subordinate relationship. In theory, the coaching relationship should provide answers toevery problem, but in practice it falls short of this. However, it can provide a space for discussionand feedback on topics such as people management and skills, behaviour patterns,confidence-building and time management. Through coaching, an organisation can meet skillsshortages, discuss targets and indicate how employees should deal with challenging situations, allat short notice.DEffective coaches are usually those who get satisfaction from the success of others and who givetime to the coaching role. Giving people coaching responsibilities can support their development,either by encouraging management potential through small-scale one-to-one assignments, or byproviding added job satisfaction to managers who feel they are stuck in their present jobs. A coachis also a confidential adviser, accustomed to developing positive and effective approaches tocomplex management, organisational and change problems.这篇文章讲的是培训（coaching）的作用。
(完整word版)BEC中级真题(第二辑)答案和听力原文
BEC中级真题（第二辑）答案及听力原文Test 1ReadingPart 11 C2 A3 B4 D5 A 6.B 7 CPart 28 D 9 C 10 E 11B 12 FPart 313 D 14 A 15 C 16 B 17.B 18.CPart 419B 20 A 21 D 22 A 23 C 24 C 25 D 26 A 27 B 28 C29 D 30 B 31 C 32 B 33 BPart534 ITSELF 35 IN 36 CORRECT 37。
WHILE 38 SEEN 39 FROM40 CORRECT 41 THOSE 42 FOR 43 WITH 44 THAT45 CORRECTWritingPart 1To: P. JonesFrom: Luisa GambonDate: 21 November 2002Subject: LatenessMr Jones，I have noticed that you often arrive late for work， especially on Monday mornings。
As your colleagues are starting to complain about that, you understand that unless this habit changes, I will take disciplinary action against you。
Come and see me tomorrow at 9 a.m。
in my office。
Thank youPart 2Report on customer complaintsINTRODUCTIONThis report has the purpose of presenting the reasons for customer complaints in 2002. FIELDINGSThe customer complaints received in 2002 were 300 in January. Then they increased to 540 in February because of the computer system's breakdown。
BEC中级第二辑阅读真题及答案详解
BEC中级第二辑阅读真题及答案详解Test1Part 1一这篇文章讲的是培训（coaching）的作用。
培训对一个公司的发展和员工的成长都是至关重要的。
文章的内容比较泛，但是题目的答案比较明显。
第一题，教练和员工之间的接触不能解决工作中的所有困难。
答案是C段的这么一句：In theory, the coaching relationship should provide answers to every problem, but in practice it falls short of this.理论上，培训可以提供所有问题的答案。
但是实践中达不到这样。
Fall short of是关键词。
第二题，讨论某些情况如果再度出现的话怎么样可以处理的更好。
答案是A段的这么一句：analysing how they were managed and how they might be dealt with more effectively on subsequent occasions.分析应该如何进行处理并且在接下来的情况下怎样可以处理的更有效。
这里的dealt with more effectively对应于题干中的better handled，on subsequent occasions.也就是occur again。
第三题，教练鼓励员工将所学应用到日常的工作中。
答案是B段的这么一句：helps individuals to use formally learnt knowledge in day-to-day work and management situations.帮助个人将学到的正式知识用在日常工作和管理情况下。
这里的day-to-day work and management situations就是题干中的routine work situations，what has been taught也就是formally learnt knowledge。
BEC中级第二辑阅读真题及答案详解
1 the contact between coach and employee not solving all difficulties at work2 the discussion of how certain situations could be better handled if they occur again3 a coach encouraging an employee to apply what has been taught to routine work situations4 coaching providing new interest to individuals who are unhappy in their current positions5 coaching providing a supportive environment to discuss performance6 employees being asked to analyse themselves and practise greater self-awareness7 coaching enabling a company to respond rapidly to a lack of expertise in a certain area CoachingACoaching involves two or more people sitting down together to talk through issues that have comeup recently at work, and analysing how they were managed and how they might be dealt withmore effectively on subsequent occasions. Coaching thus transfers skills and information from oneperson to another in an on-the-job situation so that the work experience of the coach is used toadvise and guide the individual being coached. It also allows successes and failures to be evaluated in a non-threatening atmosphere.BCoaching means influencing the learner's personal development, for example his or her confidenceand ambition. It can take place any time during an individual's career. Coaching is intended toassist individuals to function more effectively, and it is a powerful learning model. It begins whereskills-based training ends, and helps individuals to use formally learnt knowledge in day-to-daywork and management situations. Individuals being coached are in a demanding situation withtheir coach, which requires them to consider their own behaviour and question their reasons fordoing things.CThe coach professionally assists the career development of another individual, outside the normalmanager/subordinate relationship. In theory, the coaching relationship should provide answers toevery problem, but in practice it falls short of this. However, it can provide a space for discussionand feedback on topics such as people management and skills, behaviour patterns, confidence-building and time management. Through coaching, an organisation can meet skillsshortages, discuss targets and indicate how employees should deal with challenging situations, allat short notice.DEffective coaches are usually those who get satisfaction from the success of others and who givetime to the coaching role. Giving people coaching responsibilities can support their development,either by encouraging management potential through small-scale one-to-one assignments, or byproviding added job satisfaction to managers who feel they are stuck in their present jobs. A coachis also a confidential adviser, accustomed to developing positive and effective approaches tocomplex management, organisational and change problems.这篇文章讲的是培训（coaching）的作用。
剑桥商务英语中级(BEC2)阅读全真试题(二)(3)
剑桥商务英语中级(BEC2)阅读全真试题(二)(3)PART THREEQuestions 13-20 Read the article below about stress management, and answer questions 13-20 on the opposite page.A Lesson In Stress Management Demands placed on us at work can often lead to considerable worry and discomfort. There are, however, ways of protecting ourselves from the stress we face at work. We interviewed Jane Collard, a consultant in stress management.1. In Jane Collard‘s opinion, stress is becoming an increasingly common feature of the workplace. Stress is a highly individual reaction, which varies considerably from person to person, and it is difficult for some employees to avoid it. Indeed, stress is regarded by many as part of the organizational culture of our institutions: it comes with the job. Recent figures indicate that time taken off work because of stress has increased by 500 per cent since the 1950s. Undoubtedly, changes in working conditions have led to greater pressure at work at all levels. With reductions in staffing, workloads for individual employees have increased. In addition, many employees are left worrying about the security of their jobs.2. On the stress management courses that she runs, Jane Collard tries to make the trainees realise that stress in itself is not harmful. Everyone needs a certain level of stress to enable them to feel motivated and to perform effectively. A complete absence of stress can be as damaging as overstress, since it can make people lose interest in their work, and even lead to depression. The difficulties occur when the amount of stress rises above a level which is healthy for a particular individual. If this happens, the effects are very obvious and the trainees are taught to recognize the signs. Stressmay be expressed physically, for example through headaches and tiredness, or through emotional problems such as depression. A person suffering from stress may also start to behave differently, and can be difficult to deal with.3. While it may not always be possible to prevent stress, there are a number of ways in which it can be controlled. The first thing that the trainees learn is how to manage their time effectively. This involves, first of all, setting realistic goals for both the short and long term. Once this framework has been established, tasks are then prioritised on a daily basis. The trainees are also reminded that when they are under pressure the less important items should be left, and they should never hesitate to delegate. Everyone is encouraged to look at ways of reducing ‘wasted time ’, for example by grouping similar tasks together or dealing with items immedkiately.4. Jane feels that one of the most useful features of the course is that it enables trainees to deal with those demands or deadlines that they regard as unreasonable. They are encouraged to avoid being defensive, but at the same time they are advised not to be afraid of saying ‘no’. They are asked to give reasons only if necessary. The training helps them to foresee difficult situations or unwanted demands, and they learn how to prepare themselves mentally. Everyone is encouraged not to get stuck in negative thought patterns, where stress can feed a circular sense of helplessness. One solution they discuss is to think of a more encouraging alternative for each negative message. They learn, for example, to remind themselves that nothing terrible happens when a demand is refused or a deadline missed. Life goes on.Questions 13-16 For questions 13-16, choose the best title for each numbered paragraph from the list below.For each numbered paragraph 1-4, mark one letter (A-G) on your Answer Sheet.Do not use any letter more than once.A Higher stress levels among top managersB Coping with stress through a positive attitudeC Time lost at work through sicknessD Causes of increased stress in the work environmentE Explanations for missed deadlinesF stress reduction through better organisationG Typical problems associated with stress13 Paragraph 114 Paragraph 215 Paragraph 316 Paragraph 4Questions 17—20 Using the information in the text, complete each sentence 17-20 with a phrase A-G from the list below.For each question 17-20, mark one letter (A-G) on your Answer Sheet.Do not use any letter more than once.17 Most people agree that the recent increase in stress is due to changes in ____________.18 The trainees are taught that the right level of stress at work is important for good.19 Trainees learn that one way of limiting stress is by deciding upon.20 One of the most important parts of the course is learning how to react toA levels of performanceB shorter deadlinesC employment practicesD higher levels of sicknessE unfair demandsF successful management structureG practical targets。
剑桥商务英语中级第二辑
第二辑Test 1Work experience programmeThe manufacturing company you work for has decided to offer a two-day week work experience programme for a small group of students from a local business college.You have been asked to help with the preparations for this programme Discuss the situation together, and decide:●What kind of work experience the company might offer●How the participants should be selected●What feedback and evaluation should take place after the programmehas finished【题目分析】工作实习计划你所在的制造公司决定为当地一所商学院的一组小学生提供一个两周的工作实习计划。
公司要求你们几人协助这个项目的准备工作。
你们一起讨论当前的状况，并决定：●公司可以提供哪方面的工作经验●如何挑选项目参与者●项目结束后，如何对学生进行反馈并做出评价【参考范例】A：Hi, Jason and Mark, shall we discuss the work experience programme for a while?B: No problem, I heard that the students were from a local business college and had no technical knowledge in manufacturing. So I wonder whether they could fit it here. After all, our company manufactures mobile phones.C: No worries, our company can provide work experience that doesn’t require professional skills.A: That’s right, I have decided to carry out the programme in the after sale department. Students should take a two days training before they their work and the after sale department will arrange several experienced staff to supervise their work, the students are expected to develop their skills in customer service and learn to deal with customers’ complaints and help the companies to improve their products image and service.B: It seems you have got everything settled down.A: Not yet.C: Then what shall we do next?A: The selection of participants. The company can offer the working experience for 20 students. Could you give me some suggestions on selecting the ideal participants for the programme?B: In my opinion, ideal participants should be junior students becausethey have time to take part in this programme and have been trained formally in business college for more than two years. Students should also be proficient in English because a number of our clients speak English. Mark, what do you think?C: I agree with you. What’s more, potential participants will be asked to take an English speaking test before the programme starts. In addition, students should have a good attendance record and academic performance in school because they are in a demanding work environment which requires them to follow strict discipline and work as a team.A: Thank you very much to your advice. Now, there just one thing left, the feedback and evaluation of the programme.B: I think after the sale department should have meetings for students at the end of every working day to help them conclude their work.C: And after the programme ends, students are required to write a report of their work experience in our company, the report should include the arrangement of the programmme, the training classes in the after sale department, work experience during the two weeks, the things they have learned and the problems, troubles they have met. They are encouraged add anything they want to the report.A: Good ideas. Finally, I think the supervisors will give each student a grade for the programme based on their performance and other standards of evaluation.第二辑Test 2English language trainingYour company is planning to offer 30 hours of English language training to employees.You have been asked to help with the planning and organization of the training.Discuss the situation together, and decide:●Which staff would benefit most from English language training●How to encourage employees to take part in the training●What kind of schedule will be suitable for the training?英语语言培训你所在的公司计划为员工提供30个小时的英语语言培训，公司要求你协助策划和组织这次培训。
剑桥BEC真题集第2辑（中级）真题TEST2
Test 2 Reading 1 PART ONE Questions 1-7 ●Look at the statements below and the text on the opposite page about the importance of listening to people.●Which section （A, B, C or D）does each statement （1-7）refer to? ●For each statement （1-7），mark one letter （A, B, C or D）on your Answer Sheet. ●Y ou will need to use some of these letters more than once. 1 Sometimes it is necessary to insist on further explanation. 2 Y ou shouldn't focus on your response while others are still speaking. 3 People are reluctant to admit that they don't listen well. 4 There are benefits in seeing things from the speaker's perspective. 5 Keen observation of the speaker can support our listening skills. 6 It is risky to think about a different issue while someone is speaking. 7 People do not mind hearing their own views summarized. Good listener, better manager A Too often we accuse others of not listening, pretending that we ourselves are faultless, yet in our hearts we know that many of the mistakes we make come about because we haven't listened carefully enough. We get things wrong because we haven't quite understood what someone meant when they were talking to us. Anyone who has ever taken the minutes of a long meeting will know how hard it is to remember - despite the benefit of notes - exactly what everyone said. But success depends on getting things right- and that means listening.B Listening is not the same thing as hearing; it is not an effortless activity. It demands attention and concentration. It may mean quizzing the speaker for additional information or for clarification - it is always better to ask than to continue regardless and get things wrong. However, if you allow your mind to wander onto something else, even for a few minutes, you'll miss what the speaker is saying - probably at the very moment when he or she is saying something critical. And not having heard, you won't know you've missed anything until it's too late. C The most common bad habit we have is to start thinking of what we are going to say about the the subject subject subject long long long before before before the the the other other other speaker speaker speaker has has has finished. finished. finished. W e W e then then then stop stop stop listening. listening. listening. Even Even Even worse, worse, worse, this this often adds rudeness to inattentiveness, as once you have decided what to say there is a fair chance you will interrupt to say it. Good listeners don't interrupt. In fact it is often worth explaining the main main idea of what you have just been told before going on to make your own points. Nobody is idea of what you have just been told before going on to make your own points. Nobody is offended by this and it shows that you have listened well. D Above Above all all all be be be patient patient patient and and and accept accept accept that that that many many many people people people are are are not not not very very very good good good communicators. communicators. communicators. It's It's helpful to remember that the ways people move and position themselves while they are speaking can reveal a great deal about what they are saying. Equally importantly you should put yourself in the other person's place, both intellectually and emotionally; it will help you to understand what they they are are are getting getting getting at at at and form and form a a response. response. response. But But But don't don't don't be be be too clever. too clever. Faced with a a know know -all, -all, many many people keep quiet because they see no point in continuing.ANSWER KEYS: 1 B 2 C 3 A 4 D 5 D 6 B 7 C Reading 2 PART TWO Questions 8-12 Read the article below about recruiting staff. Choose the best sentence from the opposite page to fill each of the gaps. For each gap （8-12）， mark one letter （A-G ） on your Answer Sheet. Do not use any letter more than once. There is an example at the beginning, （0）。
BEC中级真题第二辑TEST 2
第二辑TEST 2PART 1 listening1 Sometimes it is necessary to insist on further explanation.2 You shouldn't focus on your response while others are still speaking.3 People are reluctant to admit that they don't listen well.4 There are benefits in seeing things from the speaker's perspective.5 Keen observation of the speaker can support our listening skills.6 It is risky to think about a different issue while someone is speaking.7 People do not mind hearing their own views summarised.Good listener, better managerAToo often we accuse others of not listening, pretending that we ourselves are faultless, yet in our hearts we know that many of the mistakes we make come about because we haven't listened carefully enough. We get things wrong because we haven't quite understood what someone meant when they were talking to us. Anyone who has ever taken the minutes of a long meeting will know how hard it is to remember - despite the benefit of notes - exactly what everyone said. But success depends on getting things right - and that means listening.BListening is not the same thing as hearing; it is not an effortless activity. It demands attention and concentration. It may mean quizzing the speaker for additional information or for clarification - it is always better to ask than to continue regardless and get things wrong. However, if you allow your mind to wander onto something else, even for a few minutes, you'll miss what the speaker is saying - probably at the very moment when he or she is saying something critical. And not having heard, you won't know you've missed anything until it's too late.CThe most common bad habit we have is to start thinking of what we are going to say about the subject long before the other speaker has finished. We then stop listening. Even worse, this often adds rudeness to inattentiveness, as once you have decided what to say there is a fair chance you will interrupt to say it. Good listeners don't interrupt. In fact it is often worth explaining the main idea of what you have just been told before going on to make your own points. Nobody is offended by this and it shows that you have listened well.DAbove all be patient and accept that many people are not very good communicators. It's helpful to remember that the ways people move and position themselves while they are speaking can reveal a great deal about what they are saying. Equally importantly you should put yourself in the other person's place, both intellectually and emotionally; it will help you to understand what they aregetting at and form a response. But don't be too clever. Faced with a know-all, many people keep quiet because they see no point in continuing.PART 2 Finding the right peopleFinding the right peopleWhen a small company grows, managers must take on many new roles. Besides the day-to-day running of the business, they find themselves responsible for, among other things, relations with outside investors, increased levels of cashflow and, hardest of all, recruitment.For most managers of small and medium-sized enterprises, the job of searching for, interviewing and selecting staff is difficult and time-consuming. (0) ... .G... . Interviewing, for example, is a highly skilled activity in itself.'We have found the whole process very hard,' says Dan Baker, founding partner of a PR company. 'In seven years we have grown from five to eighteen staff, but we have not found it easy to locate and recruit the right people.' (8).........As Dan Baker explains, 'We went to one for our first recruitment drive, but they took a lot of money in advance and didn't put forward anybody suitable. In the end we had to do it ourselves.'Most recruitment decisions are based on a pile of CVs, a couple of short interviews and two cautious references. David Rowe, a business psychologist, studied how appointments were made in five small companies. He claims that selection was rarely based on clear criteria. (9).........This kind of approach to recruitment often has unhappy consequences for both employers and new recruits.Small companies often know what kind of person they are looking for. (10)......... According to David Rowe, this means that small company managers themselves have to devote more time and energy to recruitment. It shouldn't be something that is left to the evenings or weekends.Many companies start the recruitment process with over-optimistic ideas about the type of person that will fit into their team. 'It's very easy to say you must have the best people in the top positions,' says Alex Jones, managing partner of an executive recruitment company. 'But someone who is excellent in one company may not do so well in another environment.(11).........You can never guarantee a successful transfer of skills.'Whatever the candidate's qualifications, their personal qualities are just as important since they will have to integrate with existing members of staff. This is where, the recruitment industry argues, they can really help.According to Alex Jones, 'A good recruitment agency will visit your company and ask a lot of questions. (12).........They can ask applicants all sorts of questions you don't like to ask and present you with a shortlist of people who not only have the skills, but who are likely to fit in with your company's way of doing things.'A finance director in a big company, for example, will often make a terrible small company finance director because he or she is used to having a team doing the day-to-day jobs.B More often than not, the people making the choice prioritised different qualities in candidates or relied on guesswork.C Recruitment would seem an obvious task to outsource, but the company's experience of recruitment agencies was not encouraging.D They need paying for that, of course, but you will have them working for you and not for the candidate.E They are usually in very specific markets and the problem they face is that recruitment agencies may not really understand the sector.F This means that companies cannot spend more than the standard ten minutes interviewing each applicant.G Yet few are trained and competent for all aspects of the task.PART 3Department Store MagicDepartment Store MagicFor most of the 20th century Smithson's was one of Britain's most successful department stores, but by the mid-1990s, it had become dull. Still profitable, thanks largely to a series of successful advertising campaigns, but decidedly boring. The famous were careful not to be seen there, and its sales staff didn't seem to have changed since the store opened in 1908. Worst of all, its customers were buying fewer and fewer of its own-brand products, the major part of its business, and showing a preference for more fashionable brands.But now all this has changed, thanks to Rowena Baker, who became Smithson's first woman Chief Executive three years ago. Since then, while most major retailers in Britain have been losing money, Smithson's profits have been rising steadily. When Baker started, a lot of improvements had just been made to the building, without having any effect on sales, and she took the bold decision to invite one of Europe's most exciting interior designers to develop the fashion area, the heart of the store. This very quickly led to rising sales, even before the goods on display were changed. And as sales grew, so did profits.Baker had ambitious plans for the store from the start. 'We're playing a big game, to prove we're up there with the leaders in our sector, and we have to make sure people get that message. Smithson's had fallen behind the competition. It provided a traditional service targeted at middle-aged, middle-income customers, who'd been shopping there for years, and the customer base was gradually contracting. Our idea is to sell such an exciting variety of goods that everyone will want to come in, whether they plan to spend a little or a lot.' Baker's vision for the store is clear, but achieving it is far from simple. At first, many employees resisted her improvements because they just wouldn't be persuaded that there was anything wrong with the way they'd always done things, even if they accepted that the store had to overtake its competitors. It took many long meetings, involving the entire workforce, to win their support. It helped when they realised that Baker was a very different kind of manager from the ones they had known.Baker's staff policies contained more surprises. The uniform that had hardly changed since day one has now disappeared. Moreover, teenagers now get young shop assistants, and staff in the sports departments are themselves sports fans in trainers. As Baker explains, 'How can you sell jeans if you're wearing a black suit? Smithson's has a new identity, and this needs to be made clear to the customers.' She's also given every sales assistant responsibility for ensuring customer satisfaction, even if it means occasionally breaking company rules in the hope that this will help company profits.Rowena Baker is proving successful, but the City's big investors haven't been persuaded. According to retail analyst, John Matthews, 'Money had already been invested in refurbishment of the store and in fact that led to the boost in sales. She took the credit, but hadn't done anything to achieve it. And in my view the company's shareholders are not convinced. The fact is that unless she opens several more stores pretty soon, Smithson's profits will start to fall because turnover at the existing store will inevitably start to decline.'13 According to the writer, in the mid-1990s Smithson's department storeA was making a loss.B had a problem keeping staff.C was unhappy with its advertising agency.D mostly sold goods under the Smithson's name.14 According to the writer, Smithson's profits started rising three years ago because ofA an improvement in the retailing sector.B the previous work done on the store.C Rowena Baker's choice of designer.D a change in the products on sale.15 According to Rowena Baker, one problem which Smithson's faced when she joined was thatA the number of people using the store was falling slowly.B its competitors offered a more specialised range of products.C the store's prices were set at the wrong level.D customers were unhappy with the service provided.16 According to the writer, many staff opposed Baker's plans becauseA they were unwilling to change their way of working.B they disagreed with her goals for the store.C they felt they were not consulted enough about the changes.D they were unhappy with her style of management.17 Baker has changed staff policies because she believes thatA the corporate image can be improved through staff uniforms.B the previous rules were not fair to customers.C customers should be able to identify with the staff serving them.D employees should share in company profits.18 What problem does John Matthews think Smithson's is facing?A More money needs to be invested in the present store.B The company's profits will only continue to rise if it expands.C The refurbishment of the store is proving unpopular with customers.D Smithson's shareholders expect a quick return on their investments.PART 4Managing a career on the way upManaging a career on the way up is quite different from managing one at the top of an organisation. Individuals on the way up have to build relationships with the people they (19)……….to.They usually have to (20) ……….with subordinates in addition to people at the same level as themselves. The most senior staff only have those under them to relate to. This book (21) ……….the idea that all working relationships, including the relationship with one's boss, can and should be managed.You do not have to be (22) ………. than your manager in order to manage the relationship. Nor do you have to be better than your manager in any (23) ………..Your manager may well be your career (24) ……….and guide: he or she may have taught you almost everything you know about your(25) ………. of business - and may continue to teach you more. You may be planning to remain under his or her guidance in the future. None of these (26) ……….should alter your relationship with your manager or (27) ………. you off 'managing upwards'. I use this phrase to (28) ………. to the management of one's boss because, for many people on the way up, it is the first relationship they have to get right.You can, of course, get on at work just by (29) ………. positively to your manager, but that is not likely to be the most successful way to (30) ………. your working life. An active policy of managing upwards will make you more successful and, at the same time, make the business of going to work more enjoyable. It can also be a way to show (31) ………. to your manager for the efforts he or she has made on your (32) ………. Finally, managing upwards will make it easier for your manager to manage you,leaving him or her more time for other (33) and tasks.19 A notify B inform Caccount D report20 A unite B contact C handle D deal21 A promotes B presses C advertises Dconvinces22 A clearer B deeper Csmarter Dfuller23 A respect B fashion Cpart D means24 A leader B supporter C adviser D helper25 A course B line C path Droute26 A factors B aspects Ccauses D topics27 A put B see C keep D take28 A specify B identify C indicate D refer29 A giving B operating C reacting D co-operating30 A run B forward C move D make31 A appraisal B value C appreciation D regard32 A advantage B benefit C side D behalf33 A posts B roles C positions D actsPART 5 Personal Assistant of the YearPersonal Assistant of the Year0 Anne-Marie Garrard was shocked when it was announced that she had won the00Personal Assistant of the Year award. ‘T he other candidates seemed me34 to be very strong, and I have to say I found that the selection procedure really35 hard,' she says. 'I didn't think I had any chance of winning. When I heard my36 name, my legs were so weak I could only hardly stand up,' she laughs. So37 how is 'the best' personal assistant chosen from a group of so extremely good38 and very different individuals? The final decision was reached after a39 day-long session of the tests, interviews and exercises. Garrard believes40 the skills she uses in her job helped her how to perform well. For instance, although41 most of her work is for her company's Managing Director, she works for six bosses42 in all, so she always tries out to be prepared for anything that might happen.43 As for the future, her firm has closed for its summer break now; as soon as44 they will open again, there is a pay rise waiting for her. But Garrard is not45 going to be relax. She says, 'There's always room for personal development.You must keep trying to improve.。
剑桥BEC真题中级第二辑口语解析(Part 2)
第二辑Test 1Topic A: WHAT IS IMPORTANT WHEN ……?Entertaining clients●Types of activities●Cost【词汇＆短语】促销赠品Complimentary presents 迎宾室Hospitality room招待费Entertainment allowance 定制Customize针对个人Personalize 有目的的Purposeful商业目的Business objectives 客户需求Customer demand包间Compartment 舒适的Cozy【句型点击】●间歇、停顿How shall I put it? 怎么说呢？Well, what I trying to say is…….. 我想说的是……..I’d like to begin by……●个人想法In my opinion, I’d say that…..The point is that…….Well, we should….【参考范例】Entertaining clients is not an easy job and should be handling appropriately and enjoyably. It contains more than just a wonderful meal, a sightseeing tour or a shopping trip. Good hospitality events can impress clients in a unique manner in and outside of the office.When entertaining clients, we should decide the types of activities according to their interest and favorites. Moreover, these activities should help us achieve our business objectives, for example, we can have an intimate discussion about business with our clients during a meal in a cozy compartment where both where both sides tend to be more relaxed. In addition, we have to mix business with pleasure effectively so our clients won’t feel that we are too purposeful.Cost is anther importan t factor when designing activities for clients. Higher expenses don’t necessarily to greater satisfaction, and in some cases, the clients will be overwhelmed with our kindness. Therefore, when entertaining clients, sincerity appears to be more important, upon which a long and a steady business relationship is based.Topic B: WHAT IS IMPORTANT WHEN ……?Choosing retail premises to rent●Location●Length of contract【思路点拨】【词汇&短语】房东landlord 利润空间profit margin租户tenant 房屋结构building structure可持续发展sustainable development 合同到期exploration of contract繁荣boom prosperity 续签合同renew the contract租金rent 押金deposit【句型点击】●观点阐述Well, it seems to me that…….T hat’s true, but on the other hand…..●追加观点That’s just what/all I was thinking…..Well, the point I’m trying to make it that……Another thing I want to mention is……【参考范例】When aiming to choose retail premises, you should always put the location on the top of your list. An ideal retail premises should be situated in the downtown district or a big residential area where the sources of the customers is guaranteed, in China, A lot of businessman believe in Fengshui and they think a good location is vital to the success of business.Besides, the length of contract is also an important factor in choosing retail premises because the retailer need time to develop market and customers. A steady and uninterrupted business environment is most desired, and a long-term contract will ensure the retailer’s sustainable development.What’s more, rent and means of payment should never be overlooked, retailers in general have a big cash flow, therefore, a reasonable rent and flexible means of payment are good for their capital turnover. A cooperative landlord is preferred and necessary for a win-win situation.Topic C: WHAT IS IMPORTANT WHEN ……?Deciding on packaging for products●Image●Production process【思路点拨】【词汇&短语】包装材料wrapper，packaging material 不可再生资源non-renewable resources包装设计package design 有利环境的environmental-friendly顾客的青睐customer favor 肤浅的，表明的superficial【句型点击】●自然过渡How shall I put it? 怎么说呢？Actually…..That’s just how I see it …..●个人观点Personally, I thi nk…..Frankly, I think….【参考范例】Packing of products concerns the fate of products because it arouses people’s desire for purchase. When deciding on packaging for products, we should take several things into consideration.First of all, the image catches the eye of potential customers, people are sometimes skin deep when surrounded by a variety of products, their decisions are simply based upon the packaging, therefore a thoughtful design in color, shape and packaging materials is crucial in winn ing customer’s favor.On the other hand, the cost of packaging should be carefully dealt with because it is contained in the prices of the products. Increased price will make the products less competitive in a buyer’s market. After all, in comparison with packaging, people are more sensitive to price.Last but not least, our resources are limited and some are even non-renewable. Once the products are opened up, the wrapper are useless, so it is expected that designers can develop further uses of packaging materials or at least make them environmental-friendly.第二辑Test 2Topic A: WHAT IS IMPORTANT WHEN ……?Selecting staff for promotion●Attitude to work●Current performance【词汇&短语】空缺职位vacancy 人事部personnel行政管理部administration 公关public relations总部head office 工资wages and salaries管理技能managerial skill 职业前景career prospect人力资源部human resources 团队协作teamwork【句型点击】●常用开始语Thank you for your questionThe answer is…Let me start with….In my viewIt is very likely that….●表达观点常用句What I am thinking is….Let me make my point very clear.It is crystal clear that…..There is no doubt that…..I am into the first opinion..【句型点击】When selecting staff for promotion, several factors should be taken into consideration, to begin with, the attitude to the work is one of the most fundamental elements. I believe attitude is everything. It is not uncommon to find workers who have great talents but are reluctant to make full contribution in their position, the point is, you have to love what you are doing and you have to try your utmost and reserve no effort to do it.Secondly, current performance is also very important, because it is obvious that attitude and effort have to be measured in a certain way so that you can know everyone’s capability.Thirdly, you can’t ignore career potential and adaptability, almost in every company, we can find employees who are excellent individuals but fail to cooperate in a team, these elements are all very essential in one’s career. Admittedly, it is not very likely to find all of them in one person, and then you have to consider about the specific position and grant priority to one of them.Topic B: WHAT IS I MPORTANT WHEN ……?Considering a career change●Further study or training●Opportunities for future promotion【词汇&短语】实际工资real wages 合并merger最终目标ultimate goal 个人收入personal income坏的影响adverse effect 工资价格螺旋上升wage-price spiral精明的讨价还价交易horse-trading 无形资产intangible assets资格qualification 投资回报return on investment【句型点击】●更倾向于某一个选项I would take …….. as my priority 我会把……..作为我的首选项。
(最新整理)BEC中级第二辑阅读真题及问题详解
BEC中级第二辑阅读真题及问题详解编辑整理：尊敬的读者朋友们：这里是精品文档编辑中心，本文档内容是由我和我的同事精心编辑整理后发布的，发布之前我们对文中内容进行仔细校对，但是难免会有疏漏的地方，但是任然希望（BEC中级第二辑阅读真题及问题详解）的内容能够给您的工作和学习带来便利。
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1 the contact between coach and employee not solving all difficulties at work2 the discussion of how certain situations could be better handled if they occur again3 a coach encouraging an employee to apply what has been taught to routine work situations4 coaching providing new interest to individuals who are unhappy in their current positions5 coaching providing a supportive environment to discuss performance6 employees being asked to analyse themselves and practise greater self—awareness7 coaching enabling a company to respond rapidly to a lack of expertise in a certain areaCoachingACoaching involves two or more people sitting down together to talk through issues that have comeup recently at work, and analysing how they were managed and how they might be dealt withmore effectively on subsequent occasions. Coaching thus transfers skills and information from oneperson to another in an on—the-job situation so that the work experience of the coach is used toadvise and guide the individual being coached。
BEC中级第二辑阅读真题及答案详解
1 the con tact betwee n coach and employee not solvi ng all difficulties at work2 the discussi on of how certa in situati ons could be better han dled if they occur aga in3 a coach encouraging an employee to apply what has been taught to routine work situati ons4 coach ing providi ng new in terest to in dividuals who are un happy in their curre nt positi ons5 coach ing providi ng a supportive environment to discuss performa nee6 employees being asked to an alyse themselves and practise greater self-aware ness7 coach ing en abli ng a compa ny to resp ond rapidly to a lack of expertise in a certa in area Coachi ngACoaching involves two or more people sitting down together to talk through issues that have comeup rece ntly at work, and an alys ing how they were man aged and how they might be dealtwithmore effectively on subsequent occasions. Coaching thus transfers skills and information from one person to another in an on-the-job situation so that the work experienee of the coach is used to advise and guide the in dividual being coached. It also allows successes and failures to be evaluated in a non-threate ning atmosphere.BCoachi ng means in flue ncing the lear ner's pers onal developme nt, for example his or her con fide neeand ambiti on .It can take place any time duri ng an in dividual's career. Coach ing is inten dedtoassist in dividuals to function more effectively, and it is a powerful lear ning model. It begi nswhereskills-based training ends, and helps individuals to use formally learnt knowledge in day-to-daywork and man ageme nt situati ons. In dividuals being coached are in a dema nding situati onwiththeir coach, which requires them to consider their own behaviour and question their reas ons for doing thin gs.CThe coach professi on ally assists the career developme nt of ano ther in dividual, outside theno rmalman ager/subord in ate relati on ship. In theory, the coach ing relati on ship should providean swers toevery problem, but in practice it falls short of this. However, it can provide a space for discussi on and feedback on topics such as people man ageme nt and skills, behaviour patter ns,con fide nce-buildi ng and time man ageme nt. Through coach ing, an orga ni sati on can meetskillsshortages, discuss targets and indicate how employees should deal with challenging situati ons, all at short no tice.DEffective coaches are usually those who get satisfact ion from the success of others and whogivetime to the coaching role. Giving people coaching responsibilities can support their developme nt,either by en couragi ng man ageme nt pote ntial through small-scale on e-to-one assig nmen ts,or byprovidi ng added job satisfacti on to man agers who feel they are stuck in their prese nt jobs. A coach is also a con fide ntial adviser, accustomed to develop ing positive and effective approachestocomplex man ageme nt, orga ni sati onal and cha nge problems.这篇文章讲的是培训(coaching )的作用。
BEC中级第二辑阅读真题及答案详解
BEC中级第二辑阅读真题及答案详解1 the contact between coach and employee not solving all difficulties at work2 the discussion of how certain situations could be better handled if they occur again3 a coach encouraging an employee to apply what has been taught to routine work situations4 coaching providing new interest to individuals who are unhappy in their current positions5 coaching providing a supportive environment to discuss performance6 employees being asked to analyse themselves and practise greater self-awareness7 coaching enabling a company to respond rapidly to a lack of expertise in a certain area CoachingACoaching involves two or more people sitting down together to talk through issues that have comeup recently at work, and analysing how they were managed and how they might be dealt with more effectively on subsequent occasions.Coaching thus transfers skills and information from oneperson to another in an on-the-job situation so that the work experience of the coach is used to advise and guide the individual being coached. It also allows successes and failures to be evaluated in a non-threatening atmosphere.BCoaching means influencing the learner's personal development, for example his or her confidenceand ambition. It can take place any time during an individual's career. Coaching is intended to assist individuals to function more effectively, and it is a powerful learning model. It begins whereskills-based training ends, and helps individuals to use formally learnt knowledge in day-to-day work and management situations. Individuals being coached are in a demanding situation with their coach, which requires them to consider their own behaviour and question their reasonsfordoing things.CThe coach professionally assists the career development of another individual, outside the normalmanager/subordinate relationship. In theory, the coaching relationship should provide answers to every problem, but in practice it falls short of this. However, it can provide a space for discussionand feedback on topics such as people management and skills, behaviour patterns, confidence-building and time management. Through coaching, an organisation can meet skillsshortages, discuss targets and indicate how employees should deal with challenging situations, allat short notice.DEffective coaches are usually those who getsatisfaction from the success of others and who givetime to the coaching role. Giving people coaching responsibilities can support their development,either by encouraging management potential through small-scale one-to-one assignments, or byproviding added job satisfaction to managers who feel they are stuck in their present jobs. A coachis also a confidential adviser, accustomed to developing positive and effective approaches to complex management, organisational and change problems.这篇文章讲的是培训（coaching）的作用。
剑桥商务英语中级第二辑真题+阅读精讲
剑桥商务英语中级第二辑真题阅读精讲人邮第二辑真题TEST 1 READING PART 11 the contact between coach and employee not solving all difficulties at work2 the discussion of how certain situations could be better handled if they occur again3 a coach encouraging an employee to apply what has been taught to routine work situations4 coaching providing new interest to individuals who are unhappy in their current positions5 coaching providing a supportive environment to discuss performance6 employees being asked to analyse themselves and practise greater self-awareness7 coaching enabling a company to respond rapidly to a lack of expertise in a certain areaCoachingACoaching involves two or more people sitting down together to talk through issues that have come up recently at work, and analysing how they were managed and how they might be dealt with more effectively on subsequent occasions. Coaching thus transfers skills and information from one person to another in an on-the-job situation so that the work experience of the coach is used to advise and guide the individual being coached. It also allows successes and failures to be evaluated in a non-threatening atmosphere.BCoaching means influencing the learner's personal development, for example his or her confidence and ambition. It can take place any time during an individual's career. Coaching is intended to assist individuals to function more effectively, and it is a powerful learning model. It begins where skills-based training ends, and helps individuals to use formally learnt knowledge in day-to-day work and management situations. Individuals being coached are in a demanding situation with their coach, which requires them to consider their own behaviour and question their reasons for doing things.CThe coach professionally assists the career development of another individual, outside the normal manager/subordinate relationship. In theory, the coaching relationship should provide answers to every problem, but in practice it falls short of this. However, it can provide a space for discussion and feedback on topics such as people management and skills, behaviour patterns, confidence-building and time management. Through coaching, an organisation can meet skills shortages, discuss targets and indicate how employees should deal with challenging situations, all at short notice.DEffective coaches are usually those who get satisfaction from the success of others and who give time to the coaching role. Giving people coaching responsibilities can support their development, either by encouraging management potential through small-scale one-to-one assignments, or by providing added job satisfaction to managers who feel they are stuck in their present jobs. A coach is also a confidential adviser, accustomed to developing positive and effective approaches to complex management, organisational and change problems.这篇文章讲的是培训（coaching）的作用。
BEC中级第二辑阅读真题及答案详解
1 the con tact betwee n coach and employee not solvi ng all difficulties at work2 the discussion of how certain situations could be better handled if they occuragai n3 a coach en couragi ng an employee to apply what has bee n taught to rout ine worksituati ons4 coach ing providi ng new in terest to in dividuals who are un happy in their curre ntpositi ons5 coach ing providi ng a supportive environment to discuss performa nee6 employees being asked to an alyse themselves and practise greater self-aware ness7 coach ing en abli ng a compa ny to resp ond rapidly to a lack of expertise in a certa inareaCoachi ngACoaching involves two or more people sitting down together to talk through issuesthat have comeup rece ntly at work, and an alys ing how they were man aged and how they might bedealt withmore effectively on subsequent occasions. Coaching thus transfers skills and in formatio n from oneperson to another in an on-the-job situation so that the work experienee of the coach is used toadvise and guide the in dividual being coached. It also allows successes and failures to be evaluated in a non-threate ning atmosphere.BCoachi ng means in flue ncing the learner's pers onal developme nt, for example his or her con fide neeand ambiti on .It can take place any time duri ng an in dividual's career. Coach ing is inten ded to assist individuals to function more effectively, and it is a powerful learning model. It begi ns where skills-based training en ds, and helps in dividuals to use formally lear nt kno wledge in day-to-day work and man ageme nt situati ons. In dividuals being coached are in a dema nding situati on withtheir coach, which requires them to consider their own behaviour and question their reas ons fordoing thin gs.CThe coach professi on ally assiststhe career developme nt of ano ther in dividual, outside the no rmalman ager/subord inrelati on ship. In theory, the coachi ng relati onship shouldprovide an swers to every problem, but in practice it falls short of this. However, it can provide a space for discussi onand feedback on topics such as people man ageme nt and skills, behaviour patter ns,con fide nce-buildi ng and time man ageme nt. Through coach ing, an orga ni sati on can meet skillsshortages, discuss targets and in dicate how employees should deal with challe nging situati ons, all at short no tice.DEffective coaches are usually those who get satisfact ion from the success of othersand who givetime to the coaching role. Giving people coaching responsibilities can support theirdevelopme nt,either by encouraging man ageme nt pote ntial through small-scale on e-to-one assig nmen ts, or byprovidi ng added job satisfact ion to man agers who feel they are stuck in their prese nt jobs. A coachis also a con fide ntial adviser, accustomed to develop ing positive and effective approaches tocomplex man ageme nt, orga ni sati onal and cha nge problems.这篇文章讲的是培训(coaching )的作用。
BEC中级真题听力第二辑Test2
BEC中级真题听力第二辑Test2【BEC中级真题听力】第二辑Test 2 - Part 1 Conversation 1Hints:Oakleaf Business TrainingEnid StevensAppleyard Smithoh等语气词不写课程名称大写英式拼写对话人之间以换行区分Good morning, Oakleaf Business Training. How can I help you? Hello, my name's Enid Stevens, of Appleyard Smith. I've booked two one-day courses, but now I need to change one of them. Let me get your details up on the screen. Right, you've booked Report Writing next month. Yes, that one's OK. It's Taking Minutes that I can't manage, on the 8th of July. Do you know when it's running again? Let me see. Not until the 18th of September, I'm afraid. That sounds fine. I think I'll be abroad then. Then there's the first and the 13th, October. I'd like the later date, please. Fine, I'll change your booking. Another thing, it says in your brochure, everyone attending a course gets a certificate, but I haven't received one from a course I took last January. I'm sorry about that. Which course was it? Something to do with dealing with the public? That must have been Customer Service. Sounds familiar. OK, I'll put it in the post today. Thank you very much. Goodbye. Goodbye.早上好!奥克伍德商务培训，有什么可以帮到您? 你好，我叫伊妮德史蒂芬，阿普尔亚德史密斯。
剑桥商务英语中级(BEC2)阅读讲义(2)
剑桥商务英语中级(BEC2)阅读讲义(2)第二课时试题 11Example:You can take it for only a short time if you prefer.Answer: C1. It is located outside the city.2. It will be easy to use for various types of retail business.3. You know how much money it took last year.4. This business already manufactures goods for sale.5. Its price includes living accommodation.6. It has been operating for many years.7. You will have to find out the price from the agents.EBTA BUSINESS TRANSFER AGENTSThe following businesses in the region are offered for sale:ARESTAURANTA large, well-decorated restaurant in an excellent position near the city centre. Open three years with annual turnover of ?100,000.Regular trade and bookings for weddings, special occasions etc.Available on 50-year lease.Price on requestBESTABLISHED POTTERYFamily business established for over fifty years in city’s main commercial area. Small pottery, currently employs twelve people producing china figures, vases and other decorative items.Price includes premises plus equipment and raw materials.Price ?200,000CVACANT SHOPLocated in superb historic building on excellent city centre site. Large premises recently renovated to a very high standard.Would suit a wide range of different trades. Available on limited (three-year) lease, or longer if required.Short lease ?15,000DGARAGE & CAR REPAIRSmall business with great potential for development.Garage with petrol station on main road between city and coast.Includes large workshop suitable for car repair business. Small, three-bedroom house attached to workshop, and room for further building.Whole property ?190,0002、招聘广告 1）title Job vacancy / Wanted 2）正文（1）公司名称及职位（Corporation & Position）（2）对工作职位的描述（Job description）（3）Requirements & Qualifications （4）待遇（Treatments / Benefits）（5）公司的联系方式及地址（Contact way / Address）试题 8Example:You must have a first degree in English.Answer: B1. You are free to choose when you will begin and end your workday.2. You should provide the names of two people who can give letters of recommendation.3. You must have the experience of working abroad.4. You have to work every other Saturday.5. You should have successful working experience as a secretary.6. The job requires some experience as well as excellent qualifications.7. You need to be able to speak several languages.A.Salesperson is required for our new Portman Street Showroom to work a flexitime 30 – hour week, including alternate Saturdays. Fileco specialize in office furniture and equipment. The showroom displays our very latest in integrated office design and is intended to serve as our window on the business world. Applicants should have some experience in business and fluency in a second language would be a distinct advantage.B.Eurofile, one of Europe’s leading publishers is seeking a self-motivated Assistant Accountant to help run its busy accounts department. The successful candidate should possess excellent accounting qualifications and have at least 2 years’ accounting experience. S/he should also be computer literate and able to carry out all essential day-to-day accounting tasks. Management experience and European languages are a definite advantage, Salary 15 – 17,000 p. a. Send CV to Joanna Jarvis, Eurofile, Stack Street, Manchester, MN8 4TX, quoting reference JAC/01/TN.C.The Bell Educational Trust seeks applications from teachers of English as a foreign language to work in China. Candidates should have:---- a degree plus a qualification in TEEL (PGCE or RSA) diploma---- a minimum of 3 years experience with at least one year overseas---- experience in preparation of materials and in teaching ESP / EAP Applications with full C. V. and the names of two referees, one of whom must be the most recent employer, together with recent photograph of yourself, to Lewis Kerr, The Bell Educational Trust, Hillscross, 1 Red Cross Lane, Cambridge CB2 2QX.D.We are a major company with an international reputation with customers throughout Europe, the Middle East and S. E. Asia.Qualifications:---- Proven secretarial skills---- Languages ( French, German, Arabic Mandarin)---- Ability to work as part of team and on own initiativeNon-native speakers will have a fluent command of spoken and written English. Benefits include generous salary, 6 weeks’ holiday, and promotion prospects. Send C. V. to Video Unlimited, Morecombe Gardens, Manchester.练习4. Job Advertisements1. This work has something to do with people’s mental health.2. How much the person earns will depend on his practical experience.3. This advertisement offers employees the prospect of getting promoted.4. If you get the job, you’ll have to make business trips every now and then.5. This business needs a person with managerial experience and skills.6. Experience in advertising would be helpful in this job.7. This business provides a wide range of service items.A. ManagementDiversified service business seeking experienced (10 years plus) executive for top-level spot. Excellent salary, bonuses, and profit-sharing for person with proven problem-solving, marketing and people skills.B. CommunicationsMajor Southeastern chemical corporation requires a professional to fill a vacancy in the Communications Department. Applications must have demonstrated experience in all phases of promotion, including: media, production, writing, trade shows, public relations and special event handling. Travel required. CBC preferred. Position can lead to Department Management.C. Technical sales representativeOur Pigment Division seeks a NJ based salesperson for the NJ, PA, MD, DE territory. Pigment sales experience necessary. BS Chemistry or Physical Science degree preferred. Generous, immediate and free benefits package. Salary commensurate with experience.D. Psychiatric social workerPrivate mental-health clinic seeks 2 experienced certified Social Workers to provide individual, group and family psychotherapy to children, adolescents and adults. Function as a member of multidisciplined team. Excellent supervision; starting salary $ 30,988. Comprehensive medical, dental and pension benefits.E. Marketing executiveThis important position has recently been created by one of the country’s leading clothes manufacturers. It is an outstanding opportunity for a graduate with two years’experience in design or magazine publishing. The successful candidate will be given responsibility for a major, recently launched brand. It would be an advantage to have experience of promotional activities. Excellent fringe benefits on offer.【。
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TEST2PART 1这篇文章讲的是倾听（listening）的重要性。
一个好的管理者必然是一个好的倾听者，所以要讲究倾听的艺术。
第一题，有时坚持进一步的解释是很有必要的。
答案是B段的这么一句：It may mean quizzing the speaker for additional information or for clarification - it is always better to ask than to continue regardless and get things wrong它可能意味着为了进一步的信息和说明去询问说话的人——问总比不顾情况的继续并且把事情办错的好。
这里的additional information对应于further explanation.第二题，不能在别人还在说的时候就开始关注自己的回应。
答案是C段的第一句：The most common bad habit we have is to start thinking of what we are going to say about the subject long before the other speaker has finished。
我们最常见的坏习惯就是在讲话者远还没结束的时候就开始思考我们将对这个话题说些什么。
这里的before the other speaker has finished就是others are still speaking，focus on your response 就是start thinking of what we are going to say about the subject。
第三题，人们不愿意承认自己没有听好。
答案是A段的第一句：Too often we accuse others of not listening, pretending that we ourselves are faultless, yet in our hearts we know that many of the mistakes we make come about because we haven't listened carefully enough。
我们经常指责别人没有好好听，假装我们自己是无可指责的，其实在我们心里知道，很多我们所犯的错误都是由于听的不够仔细。
这句的意思就是说我们心里知道什么原因，但是口头上喜欢指责别人。
也就是第三题题干说的不愿意承认。
第四题，从说话者的视角去考虑问题是有好处的。
答案是D段的这么一句：Equally importantly you should put yourself in the other person's place, both intellectually and emotionally。
同样重要的是你必须把自己置于别人的位置上，既是智力上的也是情感上的。
这里的put yourself in other person’s plac e就是seeing things from the speaker’s perspective。
第五题，对说话者的敏锐观察可以提高倾听技巧。
答案是D段的这么一句：It's helpful to remember that the ways people move and position themselves while they are speaking can reveal a great deal about what they are saying。
记住说话人的移动方式和姿势是很有用的，这些可以揭示出很多他们所说话的信息。
连说话的姿势都要记住，当然是keen observation了，helpful可以对应于support。
第六题，当别人在说话的时候去想着另外一件事是很危险的。
答案是B段的这么一句：if you allow your mind to wander onto something else, even for a few minutes, you'll miss what the speaker is saying如果你让自己走神了，哪怕是仅有的几分钟，你也将错过别人所说的话。
allow your mind wander onto something else也就是think about a different issue.第七题，人们不介意听到他们自己的观点被总结。
答案是C段的这么一句：In fact it is often worth explaining the main idea of what you have just been told before going on to make your own points. Nobody is offended by this事实上在作出自己观点之前往往很值得解释下刚刚所听到内容的主要观点。
没有人会被这个所冒犯。
explaining the main idea of what you have just been told也就是hearing their own views summarised。
do not mind也就是nobody is offended by this。
PART 2Finding the right people，寻找合适的人。
是说的小公司在起步发展阶段找到合适人才的难度和重要性。
第一段总论小公司的经理们往往身兼数职，而其中最有难度的，还是招人。
文章介绍了找到合适的人应该注意的问题，并且说招人这种事不可能过度寄希望于招聘机构。
第八题，这一题的前面说招人相当的困难，后面一个as Dan Baker explains，说曾经找过招聘机构，结果人家要提前收钱并且也没有提供合适的人，最后还是得靠自己。
从这里的as …explains和后面的解释可以看出，第八空的内容应该是和招聘机构有关，招聘机构并不能满足公司的需要。
选项C正好满足这一特点：招聘看起来像是个很明显的适合交外办理的任务，但是这个公司同招聘机构打交道的经历不那么的鼓舞人。
was not encouraging 是关键点。
第九题，这一段都是讲招人的决策不够科学。
基于简历或者是简短的面试，很少有明确的准则。
第九空的后面是This kind of approach to recruitment often has unhappy consequences。
可见第九空的内容还是和招聘的方法有关，并且是负面的。
B选项符合这一条件：通常（more often than not是often的意思，插入语），做决定的人将候选人身上的不同素质按优先顺序给排好，或者依赖于猜测。
第十题，这一题的后面说this means the small company managers themselves have to devote more time and energy to recruitment。
这意味着小公司自己要多花时间和精力在招人上。
这里的this means的this是个暗示，可以看出第十题这里应该填入的是一些不太有利的因素，使得公司只有自己去招人。
E选项符合这一要求：他们通常处于一些特殊市场上，面临的问题是招聘机构并不真正理解这一行业。
第十一题，这一段是讲招的人能否适应公司的环境的问题。
这一空前面说的很明确：But someone who is excellent in one company may not do so well in another environment。
在一个公司出色的人并不一定能在另一个环境里干的好。
这一空的后面一句也是补充说明这一观点的。
可见第十一空的内容仍然是这个，没有转折。
A选项填入正好，是举例说明11空前面的观点：比方说，一个大公司的财务总监在小公司往往会干的很糟糕，原因是他或她已经习惯有一个团队来进行每日的工作。
第十二题，最后一段是和招聘机构相关的。
前面说招聘机构会上门服务并且询问很多的问题。
这一空的后面说的是招聘机构如何帮助招人。
选项D可以填入，D的They need paying for that的that是个暗示，指代前面的上门服务。
D选项的后半部分说要让招聘公司为你而不是为候选人服务，可以和这一段的后半部分对应上。
PART 3《Department store magic》，字面上是百货公司的魔力。
讲的是英国的一个百货公司如何摆脱困境。
第一段是点明公司所遭遇的困境，接着第二段讲一个女CEO上台开始转变局面，第三段和第四段具体讲这位女CEO的应对措施，最后一段总结：革命尚未成功，同志仍需努力。
13题，问在90年代中期这个百货公司的情况是什么样的。
答案是第一段的最后一句：its customers were buying fewer and fewer of its own-brand products, the major part of its business, and showing a preference for more fashionable brands.这个题目的答案有相当的迷惑性。
整个句子都是在讲客户购买的越来越少，偏好更多的时尚品牌。
所以很容易误选A，但实际上这里并没有说亏损。
关键是这个地方：its own-brand products, the major part of its business。
自由品牌仍然是公司业务的主要部分。
所以应该选D：主要销售Smithson名下的产品。
Under the Smithson’s name也就是its own brand products。
14题，问Smithson的利润从三年前开始增长，原因是什么。
答案是第二段的这么一句：she took the bold decision to invite one of Europe's most exciting interior designers to develop the fashion area她做出了一个大胆的决定，邀请了欧洲最刺激的室内设计师来开发时尚领域。
后面紧接着就说This very quickly led to rising sales，所以答案选C：Rowena Baker的设计师选择。
15题，问当Rowena Baker加入时公司面临的一个问题是什么。
这题的关键是要理解一个句子中一个词的含义：It provided a traditional service targeted at middle-aged, middle-income customers, who'd been shopping there for years, and the customer base was gradually contracting.。