【新东方名师总结】新托福写作必备——《一般功能词汇》,赶快让你的文章富有变化吧

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新东方托福写作语料库大全

新东方托福写作语料库大全写作离不开积累，下面小编为大家提供新东方托福写作语料库精选，希望你们喜欢。

新东方托福写作语料库：学生们是否应被鼓励玩游戏【观点类】Some people believe that video games could inspire young students’ interest and make their study more efficient rather than distracting them and a waste of time, so young students should be allowed to play video games. Do you agree or disagree? 有人认为游戏可以激发学生的学习兴趣，提高他们学习效率，而不是分散他们的精力和浪费他们的时间，是否认同? (2016年1月23日) 【头脑风暴】我们已从互联网时代进入到无线互联网时代。

手机游戏成为年轻人放松娱乐的重要方式之一。

游戏是一把双刃刀，对于玩家而言，在放松消遣的同时，也耽误了宝贵的时间，影响了学习和工作。

但是，我们不能因噎废食。

【作家立场】尽管游戏可能给学生们带来一些弊端，但是，只要可以合理安排和控制学生们的游戏时间，阻止他们玩游戏也是没有必要的。

【思路拓展】1 鼓励孩子们玩游戏的利好① 丰富多彩的游戏节目成为很多学生缓解压力，释放情绪的一种有效方式。

设想，孩子们在校努力学习，课后读补习班，作业繁重，鲜有大量的时间休闲娱乐，玩游戏可令学生们暂时忘记现实生活中的烦恼和压力。

② 一些竞技类的游戏其实是锻炼玩家的反应能力和布局能力的，因此，学生玩家也会培养多方面能力，例如手眼并用，危机处理，团队协作等。

③ 有些游戏的设计，以学习为导向，寓教于乐，让玩家在娱乐中学习知识，这也可以提高他们的学习效率，激发他们的学习热情。

2 鼓励孩子们玩游戏的弊端① 学生们的主要任务是学习知识，考虑到孩子们的自律性较差，允许孩子们玩优秀容易使他们分散精力，耽误学习。

新东方托福冲刺精讲班笔记吐血

Listening1.开头——复习+主旨例外：①课堂复习——不考标志过去时态开始标志：now,today, OK, while②老师道歉③归纳法的开头,先给出例子,再给出结论--记例子的主体&论点2.结尾——推断+细节3.注意重复的细节与观点4.举例——记例子主体,注意提示词5.定义解释——其中的关系6.注意可以的停顿7.注意课堂引导词——remember now OK while imagine today8.讲课中的问答9.因果关系10.听清层次——firstly secondly...11.注意转折12.Listen again 专业术语不变避免原词重复Speaking notesQ1&Q2To start with I believe most of people would choose... However i would like to choose...today i have two arguments to supports to support my idea.Today i mainly have one important argument to back up my ideaTake me for example... For instance... For exampleFurthermore what's moreTo summarize to conclude all in allBased on the two points i have already mentioned ...will always be my choice...Q31.The school wants/plans to doThe school policy is...The school wants to carry out a policy which is...2.sb suggests/advises that the university should stop do...3.In the conversation, the man disagrees, and he has two pointsIn the listening material, the man agree with the policy because of the following reasons...4.First, the school think, however the man think...Second...Based on the two points the man disagree.Q4In this set of material, the reading passage introduce a theory/principle/definition...which meanssuggests that...In the lecture, the professor uses/gives us/provides us/offers us one/two examples to explain/illustrate/demonstrate/clarify this theory.The first is about...The second is ...Q51.time conflict①to find sb else to replace/take place of youto find sb to help him②drop, give up,cancel one of the plans③reschedulePut off, delay, postpone,to find another day to do.Do/finish...before...④ask for extension/extra days/putting off the dead line2.course is not available①to take the same/similar course next semester②take it in another school③choose the graduate lessonQ6The lecture is about/the topic is about...The professor mainly talked about ...According to the lecture...In this listening material the professor explain...All in all/in conclusion...Tips1.DefinitionThe term ...is defined as..The definition of the term is...2.ResultThe/it result turn out to be...pareIn the experiment, students are divided into two groups.The first group is... In the second group the situation is totally different/is on the contrary.Writing一、Heading一方案1凸显主题引述观点我的立场1.凸显主题①As is often the case, Under many circumstances,Currently / In contemporary society, +X/ the issue of X+is widely discussed.is so much concerned that it has aroused a wide discussion.is much concerned to a point where a wide discussion has been aroused. is much concerned at such a degree that a wide discussion has beenaroused.is much/ widely discussed to a point where a deep contemplation has been aroused.②so…that…He is so 2 that he is used to running outside at cold winter mid-night with nothing on.= subj+ v. + adj. / ved. + to a / the point whereHe is 2 to a point where he is used to running outside at cold winter mid-night with nothing on.= subj+ v. + adj. /ved. + at such a degree that…He is 2 at such a degree that…2.引述观点againstSome people maintain/ hold that it is …that…A few people hold the opinion that…One point is that…One perspective is that…One conventional idea/ acceptance / view / notion is that…forA common belief is that…A prevailing notion/ acceptance is that…题目核心名词不动题目中观点的方向不动3.我的立场程度+ 态度①程度to large extent,at large degree,on large scale,②态度I agree with this opinion.I am on the side of this claim / assumption / assertionI side with this claim.I stand with this claim.I would nod in agreement with this claim.I lean toward this claim.I disagree with this opinion.I am on the opposite side of this claim.I side on the opposite.I stand against this claim.I would cast doubt on this claim.I would frown on this claim.全局Currently, the issue of X is much concerned to a point where a wide discussion has been aroused. Some people maintain that it is … that…. To large extent, however, I am on the opposite side of this claim. 二方案2一分钟快捷法：Some people hold / maintain that…I reckon/ deem thatagainstSome people maintain that…. To large extent, however, I am on the opposite side of this claim and reckon that it assumes a distorted and narrow view.forA prevailing acceptance is that…. To large extent, I am on theside of this claim and reckon that it sensible and rational. Body structureBody+support+strong二、基本思路框架：一1.让步Concede：客观性—题目观点有点道理To begin with, I have to concede that…2.主旨段1：分析—题目观点/言论谬误NeverthelessNonethelessthe claim—problematicAttention: 探讨论点 > 议论话题3.主旨段2:推理—后果严重,危害巨大At last, the influence—negative4.其他备选思路Optional 1: 可行性欠佳not feasibleOptional 2: 效用差ineffectiveOptional 3: 当A>B时,支持弱者B is also significantOptional 4：当题目中X is the …est,质疑“最”X is not the …est. Optional 5：因果关系不合理No direct relation between A and B二中心句：1 .让步To begin with, I have to admit that…To begin with, it is undisputable that…First of all, I have to concede that X, at some / certain degree, is/ can…First of all, I have to concede that doing some writing, at certain degree,is beneficial与题目立场一致.限制级让步—避免喧宾夺主…, to some / certain extent,……, at some/ certain degree,……, on some/ specific occasions,….…, in particular / certain cases, ……, under some / particular circumstances,……, theoretically speaking,……, in short-terms,…… is/ can somewhat…… is/ can relatively…2. against1—分析：题目观点谬误本质使然驳斥言论>质疑话题Nevertheless, X/ the assumption that…is not immune to several defects, which makes this claim / assertion open to question.Nevertheless, X/ the assumption that… is not immune to several defects, which degrades this claim as problematic / misrepresentative. Nevertheless, the assumption that… is also contaminated with several defects/ irrationalities, which degrades this claim as problematic / misrepresentative.Do—undertake Be engaged inTip:下定义A isB B=n. –A functionA serves asB / A functions as BFriends serve as companionships.media serve as sources of influence.作判断A is B B=adj. / n.A is accepted / acknowledged as BThis proposal is accepted as beneficial.This proposal, to large extent, is accepted as beneficial.3. against2—推理：后果很严重/危害巨大effect vs influenceNegative influence—destructive consequencesdisastrous consequencesAt last, the consequences/ misleading of…would be negative / destructive / pernicious.At last, the consequences/ misleading that … is expected to bring about would turn out to be destructive.4.其他备选思路中心句Option1: 这样做不可行 feasible = viable--It is not feasible the feasibility of … is open to question.--It is not viable the viability of… is open to question.The feasibility/ viability of … is vulnerable to any question or challenge.… can hardly be converted from blueprint into reality.… can merely rest on the blueprint.Option1 效果欠佳--切断联系Step1 It can not solve this problemStep2 It fails to offer solutions to this problem.Step3For 建议This proposal / solution/ approach/ X is awkward in serving as a key to….For 结论This definition/ conclusion/ X is awkward in serving as a reference for...PracticeThis proposal / solution/ approach/ X is awkward in serving as a key to….Option2: B重要 for A>B 话题B is of great significance for …Great significance for…is closely attached to B--Great significance for the rise of a nation is closely attached to the promotion of education.--Great significance for leading a healthy life is closely attached to the preservation of environment.--Great significance for the duty of celebrities is closely attached to the participation of social services.Option4: X并非最佳There is no point to claim that X serves as the best/ ultimate/ the most approved solution / definition.It is groundless to assert that…serve as—function asOption5: 因果关系不合理There is no direct causal relation between A and BThis claim suffers from a fallacy of causal oversimplification.This assumption/ assertion fails to establish a causal relation betweenA and B.三、Body一1.让步First of all/ to begin with, I have to concede that X, at certain degree, is beneficial / is effective.2.观点谬误Nevertheless, the assumption that… is not immune to several defects, which makes this claim/ assumption / assertion open to question. Nevertheless, the assumption that… is also contaminated with several irrationalities, which degrades this claim as problematic / misrepresentative.3 .后果严重At last, the consequences / the misleading that X is expected to bring about would turn out to be destructive. / disastrous/ pernicious.4.可行性欠佳The feasibility / viability of X is vulnerable to any question or challenge.5. Ineffective即使有结果,也很难达到目的for 建议类话题To carry the idea further, this proposal / solution/ approach is awkward in serving as a key that guarantees the effectiveness and efficiency.for 定义/结论类话题To carry the idea further, this definition/ conclusion is awkward in serving as a convincing reference that can offer objective and accurate / reliable / trustworthy guidance.6. not the best/ --est for 最…话题There is no point to claim that... serves as the best/ ultimate/ the most approved solution / definition.7. 挽救B—B重要 for A>B 话题Great significance is also supposed to be attached to B.8. 因果关系不能建立This claim suffers from a fallacy of causal oversimplification.First of all, I have to concede that…, at some / certain degree, is/ can…For one thing, X, on some occasions, is/ can…For the other, it is/ can also somewhat/ relatively…, on the ground that…, for the reason that…, for the sake that…First of all, I have to concede that doing some writing, at certain degree, is beneficial. For one thing, such exercises, on some occasions, contribute to promoting writing skills. For the other, writing can somewhat sharpen the mind.二方案1—双论据论点First of all, I have to concede that X, on certain occasions, is beneficial. 论据1For one thing, X serves as 是什么 through which 作用/效果论据2For the other, X also contributes to/ X is also effective in人例case of/ the case concerning … serves as an example/ evidence / an evident example which, to large extent, can support / solidify /consolidate my claim that it is… that…事例the personal experience of … serves as an example / evidence that/ which can largely consolidate/lend credible support to my claim that…方案2—单论据论点First of all, I have to concede that X, on certain occasions, is beneficial, CS2. against1—本质不好i Nevertheless, the inherited/intrinsic /inborn defect of X can largelyundermine the claim/ assumption that….ii Nevertheless, X/ the conclusion that…/ the proposal that… is not immune to several defects, which makes this claim/ assumption / assertion open to question.Nevertheless, X/ the conclusion that…/ the proposal that… is not immune to several defects, which degrades this claim as problematic /misrepresentative.For 建议类话题：复杂任务简单化As is often the case, / Under many circumstances,/ As a matter of fact, 待解决之问题/达成之目标 is acknowledged as a complicated task/ project/ cause whose solution involves/ requires a combination/ joint of efforts on both the internal and external layers and cannot possibly be tackled/ accomplished by XAs is often the case, 待介定之事物 is acknowledged as a complicated phenomenon / concept/ existence whose definition involves/ requires/ concerns a combination of elements / factors on both the subjective and objective layers and cannot possibly be defined by highlighting X.数据With reference for a survey by International …, % of the people / respondents between and in European countries / . claimed that…With reference for a survey by International …, % of the people / respondents between 15 and 65 in European countries / . claimed that X is the last option employed to…With reference for a survey by International …, %of the people / respondents between 15 and 65 in European countries / . had gloomy views over the effectiveness / the prospect of XAccording to a survey by International Deserts , the deserts all over the world are extending at a rate of 250 football fields every 3 hours.实事—caseThe case concerning … serves as an example/ evidence / an evident example which can, to large extent, support/ solidify/ justify / reinforce / bolster / consolidate my claim that…人例—personal experienceThe personal experience concerning … serves as an evident example which can largely consolidate my claim that…Optional结论/建议未必适用于所有情形无视个案差异… is not unexceptionally acceptable… is not undisputable all the time / under any circumstances The other flaw is that the validation of the view presented in this topic is not universally self evident. On occasions that…,/ On conditions that… , the utmost significance is supposed to be attached to X, whereas when this prerequisite/ the condition removes, the emphasis/ focus would also be switched to other….Tip: 本段质疑言论的组织架构：言论谬误The assumption/ assertion that… is problematic.谬误/漏洞1—复杂的事物被简化X复杂,解决/定义需要诸多 a combination of 努力 efforts/ 因素elements谬误/漏洞2—观点的合理性是有条件的X 不总正确not universally self-evident, 只有在…条件下,on conditions that…, 才合理,否则就不行X has been proved to be the most effective …/ the best …Any other efforts / possibilities have been proved to be vain attempts X has been proved to be the most effective …/ the best … that can ruleout any other …X enjoys the widest preference后果很严重At last, the consequences/ influence of… is negative / destructive / pernicious.At last, the consequences that X is expected to bring about would turn out to be destructive.子论据1：负面影响+小的个体 individual 大到整体 society/ system/ industry One point that is worth of mentioning is that…The negative influence of X would be infectious.The negative influence of X would result in a series of chain reaction. The negative influence of X would give rise to Domino Effect/ Butterfly Effect.it can inevitably endanger/ jeopardize both the individual… and the whole society/ industry/ system.The negative influence of X would be infectious, which can inevitably jeopardize / endanger both the individual… and the whole…子论据2：弊大于利To carry the idea further,Other than that,In addition, advantages vs. disadvantagesthe disadvantages outweigh the advantages.= the advantages are outweighed by the disadvantages.the disadvantages overshadow the advantages.= the advantages are overshadowed by the disadvantages.Advantages:The expected/ the foreseeable benefits and opportunities / solutions…can offerFor conclusion The expected reference and guidance … can offer Disadvantages:the potential risks and uncertainties … can incurFor conclusion--the potential confusions and misleading … can incurDisadvantage > advantage--the potential risks and uncertainties … incurs far outweigh the expected benefits and opportunities it can offer.--the potential confusions and misleading … incurs can rule out any reference and guidance it can offer.To be exact, it is tantamount to an act of trading A for Btrade long-term … for short term…trade … in the long run for … at presenttrade the possibility of sustainable development for the reality of present interests.trade the unique… for common…trade the cherished… for common / ordinary …trade the invaluable … for the valueless …trade everything for nothing子论据3影响负面且深远Even worse, It runs the risk of driving …to a dead end.This proposal / conclusion is acknowledged as an illogical and irrational assumption/ assertion which indicates / reveals / mirrors a set of misplaced values that run the risk of driving … to a dead end.三思路框架：1.让步To begin with, I have to concede that knowing how to use money effectively, at certain degree, is beneficial. For one thing, it somewhat minimizes the risk of financial problems in the future. For the other, the acquisition of such knowledge and skills, at certain degree, contributes to relatively sensible consuming habits.2．因素分析Nevertheless, the claim of emphasizing the role that learning money management at young age plays in making a financially responsible adult is contaminated with several intrinsic irrationalities. As is often the case, implanting a sense of financial responsibility into an individual is acknowledged as a complicated task whose solution involves a combination of efforts on both the internal and external respects and cannot possibly be tackled/ accomplished by simply making children learn management. The personal experience of Madoff serves as an evident example which can largely consolidate my claim. Although Madoof received good education for money management since he was young, he did not have any sense of responsibility and was labeled as a cheater in 2008. The other flaw this assumption suffers from is that it ignores the differentials among cases. On conditions that that the learning of managing money is combined with the instillation of conscience and moral, or that this proposal has been proved as the most effective measure which can rule out any other solutions, making children learn to manage money is acceptable, whereas when this prerequisite removes, the things would be otherwise.3. 演绎推理At last, the consequences that this proposal is expected to bring about would turn out to be destructive. One point that is worth of mentioning is that the misleading and confusion that relating managing money to financial responsibility can incur far outweigh the expected benefits and solutions it can offer. Other than this, learning money management on early stage bears the possibility of bringing in materialism into our education and misplacing the values, which runs the risk of driving the healthy growth of our next generation to a dead end.EndingTo sum up, at large degree, I would cast doubt on this assumption. What is more, it is essential for us to have circumspection over all the factors before any critical decision-makings.Tip:其他备用思路：Option1--可行性欠佳What is more, the feasibility of X is vulnerable to any question or challenge.A host of impediments that are expected to encounter like A, B, C andD are acknowledged as significant factors that play decisive rolesin minimizing the viability.In this sense, it is almost a mission impossible to…重要因素表达—用于论点+论据… serves as a significant factor that plays decisive role in….… serves as an indispensable element that is not supposed to be overlooked.Tip :不可行的障碍--show no respect the legal principles--overlook the basic laws of nature--violate the ethical bottom line--the unsatisfactory voices from the public--limited budgets or financial problemsOption2--即使有结果,也很难达到目的个性化方案—选配--牵强的联系For 建议This proposal / solution/ approach/ X is awkward in serving as a key to….For 结论This definition/ conclusion/ X is awkward in serving as a convincing/ credible reference for...教师是否应该根据他们的表现而支付薪水Paying teachers in accordance with their performance is awkwardin serving as a key to enhancing / improving/ promoting /upgrading the education.This proposal / solution/ approach/ X is awkward in serving as a key to….+切断联系 For 建议As a matter of fact/ In effect, A/ the former does not function as the exclusive prerequisite for B/ the latter.+冲淡联系1 原因多样Under many circumstances, a host of solutions/ possibilities such as A1, A2, A3 and A4 are also indispensable/ significant approaches that are not supposed to be overlooked....is a significant factor that plays a decisive role in…… is also an indispensable element that is not supposed to be overlooked.+冲淡联系2 结果无效On the other hand, such oversimplified strategy would be doomed/ deemed as counterproductive.+阶段性结论In this sense, there exists no direct causal relation between A andB the result and the proposal.For 结论This definition/ conclusion/ X is awkward in serving as a convincing/ credible reference for...+切断联系For 结论A does not serve as an exclusive prerequisite for gaining a betterunderstanding about B+冲淡联系1可能性多样Under certain circumstances, B can be concluded as A1, whereas under others, the definition/ conclusion like A2, A3, A4 are also sensible/ acceptable/ rational.+冲淡联系2 定义/概括无效GeneralOn the other hand, such over generalized conclusion fails to be representative.+阶段性结论In this sense, there exists no direct relation between the conclusion/ definition and the phenomenon.In this sense, A can tell just part of the story.Option 3-- ... is not the ..estThere is no point to claim that A serves as the best/ ultimate/ the most approved solution / definition.A multitude of other options/ elements/ possibilities / solutions such as B, C, and D are also significant factors that are not supposed to be overlooked.In this sense, it is groundless to put ultimate premium on A.Option 4--挽救B-B重要 for A>B 话题Great significance is also supposed to be attached to B.Option5—因果无法建立：Furthermore, the claim that… suffers from a fallacy of causal oversimplification.Furthermore, the claim that … rests on a gratuities causal relationship which is in short of legitimacy.In effect, the former does not serve as the exclusive prerequisite for the latter.Under many circumstances, a host of approaches / solutions/ reasons/ possibilities as A, B, C and D are also acknowledged as significant factors that are not supposed to be overlooked.In addition, this conclusion runs the risk of misleading the understanding / the definition of…In addition, this proposal bears the possibility of driving the result to quite different paths.In this sense, there exists no direct causal relation between A and B.Topics:Because we are busy, we can do few things well.Because we are busy, politeness has become unnecessary and out of fashion. In order to make ourselves happy, we should learn how to make others happy first.For这样很好本性使然… is blessed/ gifted withadvantagemerit in …./thatgeniusX is blessed with a multitude of merits.As it stands, X enjoys many advantages like A, B, C and D.According to a survey by…, X% of the respondents …这是不可避免的 indispensable / 重要部分A is a part of B= A is included in B= A serves as / functions as an indispensable episode in composing B the absence of… would result in…Families serve as indispensable episode in composing our society.Failures in every segment of our life serve as indispensable episodes in composing our growth.Competition serves as indispensable episode in composing our market. The multimedia and the internet serve as indispensable episodes in composing our modern life.The quantum leaps in science and technology serve as indispensable episode in composing our civilization.这样做可行且运转良好What is more, the feasibility of X can withstand question or challenge.A host of factors such as A, B, C and D are acknowledged as significantelements that play decisive roles in maximizing the viability.Not only does it enjoy feasibility, but also it can operate in a smooth way.如果这样,结果诱人Other than this, the positive consequences of X would turn out to be profound.it will benefit both the individual and the whole systemit contributes to promoting …., boosting …..and …will thereafter beenhancedIt contributes to promoting the advance of economy, boosting the communication among cultures and the reputation of a city is thereafter enhanced.It contributes to promoting the efficiency, boosting the effectiveness and our self-confidence is thereafter enhanced.It contributes to promoting our skills in getting along with others, boosting our abilities in thinking over things and our minds are thereafter sharpened.Advantage> Disadvantage应该这样,因为这样做不仅有益,而且无害;A andB can co-exist harmoniouslyA andB are not 2 mutually exclusive matters.A andB are compatibleA andB are 2 mutually exclusive matters. As a matter of fact, the former andthe latter can co-exist harmoniously.The existence/ advance of A does not act/ serve as a terminator forBThe existence / advance of A does not bring negative influence / consequenceon BTo sum up, I side on the opposite of the claim that… What is more, it is essential for us to pay more attention to …/ What is more, special attention is called for to四、Tip1.若要/为了X目的, 就得YX and Y are closely relatedthere is a direct causal relation between X and YY serves as the exclusive prerequisite for Xcreate—creativity,advent,reckon,doomed to be,the sin revelation 2.这样不好/不应该本性/本质使然be born with / to be inherit intrinsic natureinborn problematiclast, the consequences/ influence of… is negative / destructive / pernicious.At last, the consequences that X is expected to bring about would turn out to be destructive.and more--an/ the increasing number of +可数名词--the increasing + 不可数名词--the increasingly + adj. + n.Give rise toof great significance for…great significance for… is closely attached to…great significance for your future career is closely attached to your study.great significance for the effectiveness of leadership is closely attached to the respect from the public.7.可能…, to large extent, …… bears the possibilities that…… runs the risk of…--This measure runs the risk of triggering disasters.switch alter convertDo undertake be engaged in estimate assess9.10.没有上过大学Lyndon Johnson AbrahamLincolnGrover Cleveland—honest + independent Andrew Jackson—the incarnation of courageMike Dell Stephen Jobs Zuckburge接受过优秀教育OxfordMargaret Hilda Thatcher David Cameron Bill ClintonStephen Hawking Mr. BeanHarvardFranklin Roosevelt Obama John F. KennedyGeorge W. Bush Gary Faye Locke素材accumulate the knowledge train the skills broaden the horizon experience the defeats/ failures strengthen the willsharpen the mind develop personalities shape valuespurify the soul detach the view12.媒体books:magazine; text book; bibliography; encyclopedia; novelTV programs; TV networksvideo; audience; display; screenread—reading—reader words; lines; passages重要影响力杂志New Yorker；the Times—实事评论性杂--through which we can extract insightful thoughts.Vogue；ELLE;—时尚杂志--let us breathe fashionable airReader’s Digest—综合性期刊National Geography—人文景观the Palace museumthe Louver Palacethe Expos—有必要出现暴力内容的娱乐the western movies—pioneering spiritGone with Wind--setting Atlanta on fire—chaosSchindler's List--Whoever saves one life, saves the world entireSaving Private Ryan-- the value of lifeBrave Heart-- shedding blood and sacrificing for just one chance for freedom Negative—过分暴力的娱乐-- Transformer 3-- justice do not have to be exchanged by extreme violencenor at the price of the whole Chicago City with thousandsof innocent lives.small step though it is for young people, a giant leap for the future life.That's one small step for me, one giant leap for mankind.Achilles’ Heelthe absence of innovation/ sympathy is acknowledged as the Achilles’Heel of our education.the absence of creditability is acknowledged as the Achilles’ Heel of political leadership.significant五、综合写作一HeadingThelecturerefutesobjects tosides on the opposite ofthepointsillustratedinthereadingmaterial.In accordance with With reference forAccordingto the listening,theprofessorthe lecturerclaims /asserts that。

托福写作常用词汇及词组例句

托福写作常用词汇及词组例句为了帮助大家备考托福写作，积累更多常用词汇，下面小编给大家带来托福写作常用词汇及词组例句，来看看吧！托福写作常用词汇及词组例句If we cooperate with each other, we will definitely overcome obstacles/difficulty2.建设性的，有益的constructive, helpful, valuable, usefulTranslation: 他们很感激我给予他们的建设性的意见。

They appreciate the constructive suggestions that I give.3.支持，赞成approve of, in favor of, uphold, stand by one's side, agree with, give one's assent提倡advocate, recommend反对opposite, object toTranslation:一些人支持此观点，而另外一些人则反对这观点。

Some people approve of this view, while others object to it.4. 充分运用optimize, make best use of, make full use of,使用employ, utilize (vt)Translation:人类使用大自然的各种自然资源。

Human beings utilize various kinds of natural resources.5. 优秀的outstanding, perfect, brilliant, remarkable, distinguished, excellent, splendid, first-rank, first-class Translation:相信自己，自己就是优秀的。

托福写作词汇如何才能运用自如

托福写作词汇如何才能运用自如托福写作词汇如何才能运用自如一.阅读词汇量和写作词汇量有区别所谓词汇量，从宏观出发指的是你所掌握的单词总数。

比如说你为了参加托福考试，整日茶饭不思，大门不出在家苦苦求索，用无数大脑细胞换来的单词记忆量。

这个首先保证的是你的阅读能力，当你看到这个单词的时候好像形同陌路，也有点似曾相识，但是可以很大程度上帮助你理解整篇文章的意思，如此一来，你做TOEFL阅读部分的时候，词汇量的大小决定了你对文章的认知程度。

可是对于写作而言，这个单词量就要另当别论了，或许你可以有几万个单词在大脑里，可是谈到写作，就很难用单词量来衡量你的具体应用了;换句话说，你认识他们每一个人，但是他们是不是认识你就不好说了。

二.如何积累托福写作词汇很多同学背单词的坚韧精神让我佩服不已，但一如既往地记忆的确很好，可是在写作方面还是有很多苦恼：一般是提笔忘字或者高级词汇的使用，还有就是句型过于简单罗列，使得整篇文章缺少亮点和层次感。

想要避免提笔忘字，就要谈到词汇要怎么记忆了，纯粹的单词表记忆，破坏了单词之间的联系性，积累写作方面的单词，最好不要逐一地背单词表，按照字母顺序排列的单词，彼此之间的联系太少。

针对这一特点，市场上TOEFL写作类的图书都做了很多调整，经常在每篇范文之后附加了文章中好的词汇和短语，这样在你学习了范文的写法之后，再回味一下文章中的词汇精华，一举两得。

如果有充分的时间，可以选择一些文字类新闻多一些的英文网站。

通过阅读新闻来积累单词，首先很多社会新闻可以成为我们写作的构思素材，其次多元化的新闻，不容易产生死背单词的枯燥感。

三.托福写作词汇应用方法关于高级词汇在托福写作中的应用，我觉得要顺其自然。

有些考生总是喜欢找一些级别高的单词，甚至是被人冷落的单词进行记忆，这就好像让莎士比亚去考托福一样，级别相差太多。

我见过很多学生，尤其是高中生，因为记忆力还保持在茂盛期，所以偏爱这种类型的记忆;这样做的优点在于你的单词量扩展得很好，基本可以参加GRE的考试，缺点就是牺牲太多时间，也会损害记忆能力。

(完整版)托福写作必备高分词汇常用短语汇总

托福写作必备高分词汇| 常用短语汇总Education作业 ( 注意它是可数名词，与homework不一样) n. assignment选修课n. elective学分n. credit青少年n. adolescent ;青春期的adj. adolescent青少年children and youth教课法teaching/ pedagogical methodology适应adapt to sth./ adjust oneself to sth./ become accustomed to sth.适应能力n. adaptability应用v. apply把学生疏开教育segregate students团队精神team spirit独立思虑think independently在理解的基础上学习learn things through understanding学生的反应students ’ feedback学生评论老师的教课students appraise/ evaluate their teachers’ performance 通才n. generalist专才n. specialist全面发展的adj. well-rounded为社会健康发展做贡献contribute to societal well-being (or welfare)人文学科n. humanities社会科学social sciences艺术n. arts文科总称n. liberal studies/ arts理科n. sciences工科n. engineering基础科学basic sciences应用科学applied sciences学科 ( 通称 ); 纪律n. discipline管教vt. discipline自制力n. self-discipline小( 中、大 ) 学教育 primary-level (or secondary-level/ tertiary-level ) education 职业教育vocational education/ training互动vt. interact学校给学生的教育n. schooling学校供给的课程总称n. curriculum ( pl. curricula)心理的adj. psychological参加n. participation≈ involvement扰乱n. distraction记忆vt. memorize获得vt. acquire以教师为中心的adj. teacher-centered以学生为中心的adj. student- centered熟掌握⋯⋯ be proficient in榜role model同人n. peer孩子或许其余弱者度保adj. overprotective力n. motivation沮n. frustration家小孩的教育n. parenting用批评的目光去看的能力critical thinking abilities ( 某方面的 ) 意n. awareness (of)有造力的adj. creative / original⋯⋯特别熟习adj. well-acquainted (with)表优异perform well⋯⋯打好基lay a solid foundation for自尊n. self-esteem尊n. dignity估n. evaluation⋯⋯特别好的掌握n. mastery好奇心 n. curiosity精英n. elite教育test-oriented education富于想象力的imaginative沉浸于⋯⋯ indulge in⋯发人沉思的adj. thought- provoking无知的adj. ignorant文盲 ( 的) n.&adj. illiterate学龄前小孩或许上学前班的小孩n. preschooler对文字技术的掌握对数学知识的掌握误入歧路go astray n. literacy n. numeracy给人新鲜感的adj. refreshing令人振奋的adj. uplifting给人动力的adj. motivating单亲家庭n. single-parent family未成年人n. minors宠爱vt. spoil青少年犯法juvenile delinquency/ youth crime欺凌 ( 当名词是“喜爱欺凌人的孩子”的意思) vt.& n. bully逃学n. truancy很有启示的adj. enlightening成型的阶段formative years植物学n. botany天文学n. astronomy培育v. cultivate/ foster/ nurture促使学生身心发展promote the student’s physical/ mental (or intellectual) andemotional development心理健康psychological soundness/ well-being/ welfare给学生以动力give the students motivation to do sth./ motivate the students todo sth.教授知识impart/ inculcate knowledge灌注崇高的道德观instill high moral values给学生以灵感give the students inspiration学生对老师所教知识的掌握students ’ grasp (or command) of what has beentaught就业技术employable ( or marketable) skills填鸭式教法教课生force-feed the students学生不该当不过被动接受知识的容器。

托福写作备考6个重点内容汇总

托福写作备考6个重点内容汇总对于托福写作考试，考生如果掌握了托福写作的重点内容，那么对于托福作文得高分是非常有帮助的。

那么考生备考托福写作有哪些知识需要掌握呢?小站教育编辑在这里为大家整理了托福写作的6个重点内容汇总来帮助大家备考，希望对大家备考托福写作有帮助。

》》》点击查看：托福写作提分技巧，平均提分5-10分1、扩充词汇量托福考试对词汇量的要求相信大家在托福考试之初从OG上面就已经知道，托福考试的每个部分都涉及到词汇的考查。

在托福写作考试中，考生必须要加强对词汇的整体认识。

很多考生为了快速的扩充自己的词汇量而盲目的背诵大量的词汇，但是仅仅是对词汇的基本含义做了解，这是远远不够了。

在这里小站教育编辑要提醒大家的是，托福写作中对于单词的认识必须是全面的，其中包括对单词的拼写、发音、词性的变化以及固定搭配和不同的用法都需要了解。

如果考生想要在托福考试中取得好的成绩，那么考试对于托福写作词汇要做到熟练的进行中英文的切换，这样才是符合要求的。

2、加强对语法知识的掌握托福写作考试中，往往因为一些语法问题而使得托福作文失分。

考在写作中肯定会用到各种时态、语态等等，故而考生在备考托福写作的时候就要对英文写作中的常用时态、语态、语气等都要非常的熟悉。

对于这些常见的表达和句式应该多积累一些，以便在托福写作考试中可以随时调用。

3、要明确托福写作思维及思路托福写作文章是给西方人去评分的，所以你的写作文章思路一定要与西方人的逻辑思维是一致的。

可能由于中西方文化的差异，大陆考生从小所以接触到的文章都是用发散思维来完成的，也就是说文章的中心内容都是隐藏在文章当中的，需要读者去理解和总结的，如果你的托福作文也是这个思维，那么对不起，你的文章是不会得高分的。

因为西方人的逻辑思维和这个正好完全相反，一般在文章的开头部分就明确文章的核心内容，在后面的内容里再对这个核心内容进行展开和论述。

所以我们在托福写作中，一定要运用西式思维和思维去写作文章，这样才有会被评为高分。

新东方绿宝书系列雅思词汇词根+联想记忆法（乱序版）说明书

目　录前言Word List 1Word List 2Word List 3Word List 4Word List 5Word List 6Word List 7Word List 8Word List 9Word List 10Word List 11Word List 12Word List 13Word List 14Word List 15Word List 16Word List 17Word List 18Word List 19Word List 20Word List 21Word List 22Word List 24 Word List 25 Word List 26 Word List 27 Word List 28 Word List 29 Word List 30 Word List 31 Word List 32 Word List 33 Word List 34 Word List 35 Word List 36 Word List 37 Word List 38 Word List 39 Word List 40 Word List 41 Word List 42 Word List 43 Word List 44 Word List 45 Word List 46 Word List 47索引附录一　雅思阅读词汇分类附录二　雅思听力常见同音异义词附录三　雅思听力单词英、美发音比较附录四　雅思常考单词英美对照表附录五新东方 NEW ORIENTAL乱序版雅思词汇词根＋联想记忆法俞敏洪·编著群　言　出　版　社Qunyan Press图书在版编目（CIP）数据IELTS词汇词根＋联想记忆法：乱序版／俞敏洪编著．—北京：群言出版社，2010（2013.4重印）ISBN 978-7-80256-104-5Ⅰ．①I…　Ⅱ．①俞…　Ⅲ．①英语—词汇—高等教育—自学参考资料　Ⅳ．①H313中国版本图书馆CIP数据核字（2010）第049723号出版人范　芳责任编辑　张　茜封面设计　大愚设计出版发行　群言出版社（Qunyan Press）地址　北京东城区东厂胡同北巷1号邮政编码　100006网站　电子信箱　******************　*****************经销　全国新华书店法律顾问　北京市国联律师事务所印刷　北京市通州富达印刷厂版次　2010年6月第1版印次　2013年4月第8次印刷开本　720×960 1/16印张　33字数　560千书号　ISBN 978-7-80256-104-5定价　58.00元［版权所有，侵权必究］如有缺页、倒页、脱页等印装质量问题，请拨打服务热线：010-********。

托福独立写作备考攻略

托福独立写作攻略托福考试独立写作攻略！为了方便考生在考后对于托福写作有一个清楚的了解，时代焦点名师为考生整理出了托福独立写作的要点，考生可以参考。

A. 审题审题是托福独立写作的第一步也是最为关键的一步。

审题核心是在理解题意的基础上抓住题目中的三个关键点：绝对词、比较词和限定词。

1. 绝对词绝对词顾名思义是表达绝对概念的词，常见的有：only, always, any, anything, best等。

绝对的概念是非常难以证明的，因为需要证明绝对范围内的每一种情况都适用。

同时也是最容易反驳的，因为只需要找到一个突破口就可以推翻。

所以在审题过程中找到绝对词可以为我们提供一个基本的同意或者不同意的思路，以及论证的突破口。

例：Always telling the truth is the most important consideration in any relationship between people.这个句子中包含Always, most important和Any三个绝对词。

通过这三个我们很容易找到反驳的论点：1.某些情况下我们不应该说真话2.说真话不是最重要的3.在一些特定的关系中我们不应该说真话这仅仅是通过绝对词找到的反驳点，针对题目的反驳还要结合整个句子的意思。

2. 比较词比较级属于比较词的范围。

比较词为我们圈定了论点的选择方向。

比如A比B好，那么论点选取就一定是A较于B优势的地方，突出比这个字。

例：In order to succeed, we should be more like others than be different from others.3. 限定词限定词是题目中对讨论的范围进行限定的部分。

由于句子中可能会出现较多的限定内容，导致同学们在审题过程中漏掉一些不明显的限定词，尤其是目的类限定词。

例：It is better for children to choose jobs that are similar to their parents' jobs than to choose jobs that are very different from their parents' jobs.这个题目中的定语从句吸引了找限定词的目光，导致其中一个最关键的限制词常常被忽略：for children. 目的类限定词，讨论的目的是对孩子好，许多同学会写对家庭或者社会的好处，都属于离题的论点。

xyrvph新_托福

、|!_一个人总要走陌生的路，看陌生的风景，听陌生的歌，然后在某个不经意的瞬间，你会发现，原本费尽心机想要忘记的事情真的就这么忘记了..新东方名师新托福考试118分实战经验分享新东方, 新托福, 名师, 实战, 考试来源：新东方作者：姜雨杉编者按：本文作者为北京新东方学校VIP中心托福教师，在刚刚参加的新托福考试中取得了118分的高分。

新托福考试是几乎所有同学通往大洋彼岸求学的必经之路。

很多同学对于新托福考试都有或多或少的疑问：新托福的文章该怎么读？怎么才能提高听力能力？新托福的口语该怎么准备？在这里，我想和大家分享一下我的一些心得和体会。

备考托福新托福考试由四个部分组成：阅读、听力、口语、写作。

成功的托福考试要求我们在每个方面都发挥出自己能力的极限。

阅读很多同学跟我说，新托福的阅读难度好大，很多单词都不认识，句子也看不懂。

解决这样的问题，我们应该从最根本入手：词汇和句子结构。

新托福考试的阅读部分覆盖面越来越广，题目的topic涉及到很多专业领域，如生物、地理等等；因此，我们也必须认识一些相对专业的词汇，这样可以促进我们对于文章的理解和把握，也对词汇题有巨大的好处。

长难句的把握是几乎所有阅读考试的根本问题；针对此项问题，我们需要了解长难句的语法结构，扩大阅读量。

推荐参考一些经典教材如《新概念英语》第四册等。

词汇和句子结构的把握提高了，从根本上说是我们的阅读能力在提高。

几乎所有托福的高分得主都有很高的阅读能力。

然而，这样的进步要想在短期看到效果并不容易；毕竟，阅读能力的提高是一个长期的过程，要建立在一定阅读量的基础上。

所以备考托福，其实并不是一日之功，我们可以从很早就开始为提高自己的英语水平做准备，有意识地、主动地扩大自己的阅读量。

当我们的阅读能力达到一个较高的水平时，新托福考试就开始考验我们的另一个能力：考试技巧。

考试技巧其实不外乎以下几个方面：迅速把握文章内容、识别题目、针对不同题目进行不同解法，以及快速排除错误选项。

托福培训丨新托福综合写作提分要点

托福培训丨新托福综合写作提分要点朗阁托福培训中心吴玉在新托福写作考试的第一部分，学生需要完成的是一篇综合写作(Integrated Task)。

笔者在授课过程中发现，相比第二篇独立写作而言，大部分考生认为这一篇作文相对难度较大，比较难去提高或者拿下高分。

接下来，朗阁托福培训中心的老师将对新托福综合写作提分的要点进行细致的分析。

一、新托福综合写作概述1. 考试形式新托福综合写作是写作考试的第一项。

首先，考生将在3分钟的时间内阅读一篇230-300字的学术文章，接着阅读文章会从屏幕消失，考生需要听一篇3分钟左右的讲座，讲座结束，阅读文章会再次出现在电脑屏幕。

最后，考生需要在20分钟的时间内写一篇150-225字的文章。

2. 阅读和听力的关系在OG中，ETS明确指出，综合写作部分听力和阅读的话题一定是一样的，但两者之间的关系有两种可能性，包括听力支持阅读和听力驳斥阅读。

但是，考生需要注意的是，目前的考试中，我们只可能碰到听力驳斥阅读的情况。

可能大家会问为什么呢？笔者认为，根据官方的解释，考生必须能够成功地将教授的观点与指定阅读材料中作者的观点提取信息并进行比较，不仅考察考生的写作能力，更考察考生的阅读能力和听力能力。

试想，若听力是支持阅读的，那考生只需要看着屏幕上的阅读材料稍作同义转换一篇文章是不是就能完成了呢？听力和阅读的能力没有被考察到。

因此，考生在考试中碰到听力支持阅读的可能性极低。

3. 文章类型请考生注意，一篇成功的综合写作需要包含的是准确总结、解释、引用原文的材料，并写出听力信息和读到信息之间是如何一一驳斥的。

所以，我们不难看出最后成型的文章应该是一篇Summary, 不需要个人观点的阐述，不需要个人额外的分析，一切都以看到的阅读以及听到的听力为基准来呈现内容。

二、评分标准解读笔者一再跟考生强调了解新托福写作考试评分标准的重要性，没有评分标准在心中，我们的作文就无法掌握方向。

ETS官方对写作有0-5分的评判，大部分考生不需要去了解0-2分，因此以下截取了官方对于3-5分的具体设置：5分标准A response at this level: successfully selects the important information from the lecture; and coherently and accurately presents this information in relation to the relevant information presented in the reading; well organized; occasional language errors that are present do not result in inaccurate or imprecise presentation of content or connections.4分标准A response at this level: is generally good in selecting the important information from the lecture and in coherently and accurately presenting this information in relation to the relevant information in the reading, but it may have minor omission, inaccuracy, vagueness, or imprecision of some content from the lecture or in connection to points made in the reading. A response is also scored at this level if it has more frequent or noticeable minor language errors, as long as such usage and grammatical structures do not result in anything more than an occasional lapse of clarity or in the connection of ideas.3分标准A response at this level: contains some important information from the lecture and conveys some relevant connection to the reading, but it is marked by one or more of the following: Although the overall response is definitely oriented to the task, it conveys only vague, global, unclear or somewhat imprecise connectionof the points made in the lecture to points made in the reading; may omit one major key point made in the lecture. Some key points made in the lecture or the reading, or connections between the two, may be incomplete, inaccurate, or imprecise. Errors of usage and/or grammar may be more frequent or may result in noticeably vague expressions or obscured meanings in conveying ideas and connections.根据具体的分析，我们可以做出如下的总结：5分文章的情况：结构完整细节信息完整又精准语言偶有小错不难看出，拿到5分，并不代表这就是完美的文章，5分的文章可以有小的错误。

托福词汇基础总结

托福词汇基础总结对于准备托福考试的同学来说，扎实的词汇基础是取得好成绩的关键。

托福考试涵盖了听、说、读、写四个方面，对词汇的掌握程度要求较高。

下面就来为大家总结一下托福词汇的基础知识。

首先，托福词汇量的要求大致在 8000 10000 个左右。

但这并不是说我们要死记硬背这么多单词，而是要注重词汇的质量和运用能力。

一、托福词汇的分类1、基础词汇这部分词汇是我们日常生活和学习中常见的，比如“apple”（苹果）、“book”（书）等。

虽然简单，但却是构建词汇大厦的基石。

2、核心词汇托福考试中经常出现的高频词汇，如“analyze”（分析）、“phenomenon”（现象）等。

掌握这些词汇对于理解阅读文章和听力内容至关重要。

3、学科词汇托福考试涉及到多个学科领域，如生物学、天文学、历史学等。

每个学科都有一些特定的词汇，比如“photosynthesis”（光合作用）、“constellation”（星座）等。

二、托福词汇的记忆方法1、制定合理的计划不要试图在短时间内记住大量的单词，而是要制定一个长期的、可行的计划。

比如每天背诵 50 100 个单词，并且定期复习。

2、多种方式结合不要仅仅依靠死记硬背，可以通过阅读、听力、写作等多种方式来记忆单词。

比如阅读英文文章，在语境中理解单词的用法；听英语新闻、讲座，提高对单词的听力敏感度。

3、运用记忆技巧比如联想记忆法，将单词与自己熟悉的事物、场景联系起来；词根词缀记忆法，通过掌握常见的词根词缀来推测单词的意思。

三、托福词汇的运用1、阅读在阅读中，丰富的词汇量可以帮助我们更快地理解文章的主旨和细节。

遇到生词时，不要立即查字典，可以通过上下文猜测词义。

2、听力听力中的词汇往往会有连读、弱读等现象，熟悉单词的发音和常见的语音变化规律有助于我们更好地听懂内容。

3、写作在写作中，准确地使用词汇可以提高文章的质量。

要注意单词的词性、搭配和用法，避免使用中式英语。

4、口语口语表达中，要注重词汇的自然和流畅，避免过于复杂或生僻的词汇，以免影响交流。

iBT 新托福必备专业分类词汇

iBT新托福必备专业分类词汇托福考试本身是一个专业化的语言水平评测考试，本身专业知识是不应该影响到托福成绩的，但是在设计考试的过程中不可避免地会涉及到一些专业的词汇。

虽然这些词汇在美国人看来是日常中都会遇到的词汇，不应该算是专业词汇。

但是对于中国考生来说，由于教育体制的限制以及平时积累的不足，因此很多考友在面对专业词汇的时候，都感觉手足无措。

而且经常有很多文科生反馈，对于理科文章听不懂，当然也有很多理科生表示，理科的文章不好理解，由于托福考试的文章根本不会很深的涉及专业考试的内部知识原理，因此，唯一的面对不熟悉的专业就不知所云的可能就是对于专业词汇不够熟悉。

本次，无老师搜集了网上一个很强大的专业词汇的版本，进行大刀阔斧的删节为各位考友奉献出这个新托福考试专用的专业分类词汇，将各位考友在考试中可能遇到的专业词汇一网打尽，绝对不留死角。

此分类文件中大量删减了一些过于专业，以至于不可能在托福考试中出现的词汇，将本身是16页的文件删减到将近10页，保证5张双面A4纸就将新托福考试可能遇到的专业词汇囊括在内，而且5页A4纸也十分易于携带，各位考友可以在公车上，地铁上，煲电话粥的时候，甚至听家长碎碎念的时候都可以背这份专业分类词汇！本专业词汇一共分为30大类，天文，地理，生态，人物，经济。

总之，只要是托福考试当中出现过的，这份专业分类词汇之中就一定会出现！而且最后还附上了一份重要学科名称，对于各位考友在听力考试中熟悉该lecture的属于哪一大项十分有帮助！可以说这份资料中所列出的词汇99%以上都是在托福考试之中出现过的，反之亦然。

而且无老师本次特别贴心的加入了无数励志诗词，欢迎各位考友也把自己的单词诗词在微博里@给无老师。

^_^1.ASTRONOMY 天文学astronomical 天文的astronomer 天文学家astrophysics 天文物理学astrology 占星学deviate偏离宇宙学可观察到的cluster 星团solar 太阳的solar system 太阳系solar corona 日冕solar radiation 太阳辐射Pluto 冥王星orbit 轨道spin 旋转satellite 卫星lunar 月球的meteor 流星meteor shower 流星雨航mantle 地幔core 地核plate 板块plate tectonics 板块构造论fault 断层disintegration (decomposition)分解erosion 侵蚀mine 采矿mineral 矿物ore 矿石deposit 矿床platinum 白金；铂copper 黄铜aluminum 铝glacial drift 冰碛iceberg 冰山(ice)sheet 冰原；冰盖frigid(refrigerated;freezing)寒冷的thaw (melt)融化retreat 后退terminate(end)结束《iBT 新托福必备专业分类词汇》无老师网站活火山extinct volcano 死火山eruption 火山喷发crater 火山口lava 火山岩浆scoria 火山渣volcanic 火山的seismology 地震学hypocenter (focus)震源(earthquake;seismic;shock)wave 地震波cataclysm 灾变上穷碧落下黄泉，到哪都要背单词4.ECOLOGY 生态学ecological 生态的ecologist 生态学家domestic sewage 生活污水sewage plant 污水处理工厂gas 气体,煤气,毒气,汽油,[矿]瓦斯global warmingdinosaur 恐龙bird 鸟类extinction 灭绝mammal 哺乳动物primates 灵长目动物class 纲turtle 龟beast 野兽domesticate 驯养predatory (carnivorous )食肉的predator 捕食者prey （动词）捕食migrate 迁移clam 蛤蜊coral 珊瑚canary 金丝雀chirp (鸟，虫的叫声)唧唧sloth 树懒slothful 懒惰的parasite 寄生虫moth 蛾flock （鸟，羊等）群herd 兽群bunch （花等）束，捧community 动物的群落或人的部落trapper 诱捕动物者oyster 牡蛎fertilizer 使…受精larvae 幼虫tentacle 触角homotherm 恒温动物prey （动词）捕食；（名词）被捕食的动物migrate 迁移wing 翅膀；翼bill （鸟）嘴beak （鹰等的）嘴nest 筑巢nestle flock to habitat molt （鸟）脱羽毛dolphin 海豚flesh 果肉stone 果核core 果心kernel 果仁peel (skin)果皮shell (硬)果壳trunk 树干branch 树枝bough 大或粗树枝前任monarchy 君主制abhorrence 憎恶；讨厌empire 帝国federal system 联邦制presidential system 总统制（外交）礼节courtesy 有礼貌的举止manners (conduct)举止；礼貌office manners 办公室礼仪反叛conflict(clash)冲突crash=collide 猛撞冲突discord(disagreement)不和harmony 和睦stability 稳定交通阻塞transport (动词)运输transportation (名词)运输；运输工具vehicle 交通工具；车辆prototype 原型wagon(carriage)马车；篷车vessel 船；容器automobile (auto;car)汽车轨道platform 站台locomotive 火车头switch 扳道；道岔car 车厢commuter （来往于市郊之间）旅客haul 拖；拉；运送freight 货物；货运航空的aviation 飞行；航空业电信；长途通信gesture 手势printing 印刷postal 邮政的majority 多数人mental 精神的minority 少数人physical 躯体的，物质的，物理的mental 心理的spiritual 精神的；心灵的subject 受实验物件；学科motive 动机modify (动词)矫正；修改modification (名词)矫正overt 公开的extroverted covert 隐蔽的cognitive 认识过程的；认识能力的empirical 经验的；以经验为依据的unconscious 潜意识的subconscious 下意识；instinct 本能精神病学家不合情理的neuro-sis神经机能病neurotic神经官能症患者psychosis神经错乱歇斯底里；癔病mania狂躁9.PHYSIOLOGY生理学physiologist生理学家muscle fiber肌纤维kidney肾脏groundbeef(hamburger)绞牛肉；牛肉酱pork猪肉mutton羊肉黄油cheese奶酪packaging包装(snack bar)快餐部coffee shop咖啡馆；小吃店cafeteria自助餐馆menu菜谱roast烤（肉等）barbecue烧烤broil(grill)（在烤架等上面）烤toast烤（面包）stew(simmer)炖；焖gourmet美食家connoisseur鉴赏家无边落木萧萧小，不尽单词滚滚来11.PERSONALITY 个性character 性格characteristic(trait)特性；特征；特点introvert 内向的extrovert 外向的innate(born)天生的好管闲事的intrusive(obtrusive)打扰人的；闯入的impetuous(hasty)急躁的；鲁莽的impulsive(rash)动的；莽撞的whimsical(odd;eccentric)多怪念头的；haughty(arrogant;supercilious)高傲的dominant(governing)支配的；统治的domineering(overbearing;tyrannical)盛气凌人的；专横的presumptuous(daring;audacious)放肆的；胆大妄为的extravagant(lavish)奢移的surgery 外科手术antibiotic 抗生素analgesic (pain-killer)镇痛药tranquilizer 镇静剂opiate 镇静剂；麻醉剂potency (efficacy)药力dispensary (pharmacy)药房emergency (first)aid 急救染病afflict 使受（疾病）之苦symptom 症状influenza (flu)流感传染的contagious （接触）传染的contaminate 污染；感染inflammation 炎症microorganismpressure)高血压heart attack 心力衰竭；心脏病发作贫血allergy 过敏chronic 慢性acute 急性卫生的；有益于健康的inspect （食品等的）检查immunization 免疫vaccination 疫苗长相思兮长相忆，短相思兮背单词13.MATHEMATICS 数学mathematician 数学家over(介词)除以ellipse (oval)椭圆形幼儿园elementary school 小学middle school 初中high school 高中vocational high school 职业学校campus 校园accommodation （lodging ）住宿grader 某年级学生freshman （大学和高中）一年级学生sophomore （大学和高中）二年级学生junior （大学和高中）三年级学生senior （大学和高中）四年级学生satisfy (fulfil;meet)the requirements 达到要求（考试及格）commencement (graduation)exercise 毕业典礼录取entrance examination 入学考试semester(term)学期quarter 学季summer session 夏季班tuition 学费tuition waiver 学费豁免申请表格course 课程introductory course 基础课程required course 必修课elective(course)选修课elective system 选课制度encyclopedias 百科全书/专科全书major 专业seminar 讨论会；研究班课程award (confer)授予（学位、证书）special skill 特殊技能proficiency （语言）精通；熟练expertise 专长personal (personal information)个人情况marital status 婚姻状况reference 推荐人；介绍人letter of recommendation 推荐信20.文学prose 散文diary 日记autobiography 传记editorial 社论narrative prose 叙述descriptive prose 描写性essay 随笔poetry 诗歌allegory 寓言fairy tale 童话legend 传说proverb 谚语literary criticism 文学批评literary studies 文学研究prolific 多产21.舞蹈ballet芭蕾舞choreography芭蕾舞设计22.戏剧comic使人发笑的a comic song b.喜剧的a comic opera23.音乐musical instrument乐器orchestra乐队string弦乐wind管乐fanatical狂热的folk music民间音乐pop music流行音乐classical music古典音乐Jazz爵士乐band music管乐cello大提琴chamber music室内音乐choral society合唱团chord和弦chorus合唱march进行曲melody旋律orchestra管弦乐vocal music声乐concerto协奏曲quality音质volume音量chord和弦harmony和声symphony交响乐viola中提琴violin小提琴wind instruments管乐器24.考古学ancestor祖先ancient civilization古代文明origin起源originate起源于anthropology人类学paleoanthropology古人类学archaeology考古学artifact人造物品；手工艺品antique古物，古董antiquity古代，古老relic遗物，文物clan氏族；部落tribe部落cluster丛生,群聚dinosaur恐龙paleontology古生物学prehistoric史前的excavate(unearth)挖掘hominid原始人类，人（科）Bronze Age（青）铜器时代Iron Age铁器时代Neolithic Age新石器时代Neolithic新石器时代的Mesolithic中石器时代的Stone Age石器时代Paleolithic Age旧石器时代Rock painting岩画remains遗迹，遗骸ruins遗迹，废墟skull颅骨；头盖骨fossil化石25.agriculture(farming)农业agrarian土地的，农业的agricultural农业的aquaculture水产养殖clay黏土，湿土clod土块corn玉米cotton棉花cultivate(till)耕作dairy(dairy cattle)奶牛grain(cereal)谷物，谷粒greenhouse(glasshouse,hotbed)温室harvest收割hay（作饲料用）干草insecticide(pesticide)杀虫剂irrigate灌溉land(soil)土壤；土地livestock家畜manure(fertilizer)肥料pasture牧场pea豌豆pest害虫plantation种植园roost(hen house)鸡舍soil erosion泥土流失sow(seed)播种soybean大豆spray喷洒（农药）stable厩，马厩tomato西红柿weed除草wheat小麦恸哭六军俱缟素，冲冠一怒背单词。

托福写作科技类常用词整理一览托福写作技巧

托福写作科技类常用词整理一览托福写作技巧托福写作词汇分类汇总科技类常用词整理一览非常先进的adj.state-of-the-art尖端的adj.cutting-edge彻底变革vt.revolutionize自动化的adj.automated机械化的adj.mechanized组装线assemblyline大规模生产mass-production省钱的adj.cost-effective/economical深刻改变vt.transform突破n.breakthrough打破(传统的)界限breakboundaries无限的可能endlesspossibilities发展v.&n.advance信息过剩informationoverload信息爆炸informationexplosion自给自足n.self-sufficiency虚拟世界thevirtualworld脱离现实bedetachedfromreality(电脑的)摄像头n.webcam不可想象的adj.inconceivable高生产率的adj.productive自动化n.automation可利用的adj.available新颖的adj.novel耐用的adj.durable对用户友好的，方便使用的er-friendly常规的adj.conventional增进，提高vt.enhance=boost加速speedup/accelerate生产，制造vt.manufacture标准化的adj.standardized印刷机printingpress电报n.telegraph外科手术n.surgery采用vt.adopt网络银行(业务)onlinebanking提高效率augment/enhance/boostefficiency提高生产效率augment/enhance/boostproductivity 减少人力的机器labor-savingmachinery取代人力的机器labor-replacingmachinery自动化n.automation生物技术n.biotechnology克隆v.clone太空探索spaceexploration/spaceprobe人的基因构成one’sgeneticmakeup/one’sDNAprogramming 创新n.innovations有独创性的，精巧的adj.ingenious以惊人的速度atastaggeringrate超轻的adj.ultra-lightweight超薄的adj.ultra-thin便携的adj.portable天线n.antenna器官移植organtransplant心脏起搏器n.pacemaker交易n.transactions载人登月mannedlandingontheMoon载人航天器mannedspacecraft气象卫星weathersatellite/meteorologicalsatellite发射台launchpad哈勃太空望远镜theHubbleSpaceTelescope防弹背心bulletproofvest尖端的技术cutting-edgetechnology信息爆炸informationexplosion(orover-load)信息时代theinformationage(orera)互联网的广泛应用theproliferationoftheInternet/theextensiveuseoftheInternet/thewidespreaduseoftheInternet科技创新及发展technologicalinnovations/inventions/advances/progressions托福写作：提高写作成绩的办法第一，需要考生有一定的英语语法基础。

托福词汇系统总结

托福词汇系统总结对于准备托福考试的同学来说，词汇是至关重要的基础。

托福考试涵盖了听、说、读、写四个部分，而丰富的词汇量能够帮助我们更好地应对各个环节的挑战。

下面就来为大家系统地总结一下托福词汇。

首先，托福词汇可以大致分为基础词汇和学术词汇两大类。

基础词汇是我们日常生活和学习中常用的词汇，例如日常的动作、情感、物品等相关的词汇。

这部分词汇相对较为简单，但是也是我们构建语言大厦的基石。

比如“happy（快乐的）”“sad（悲伤的）”“eat （吃）”“drink（喝）”等等。

对于基础词汇，我们不仅要知道其意思，还要能够熟练运用，准确地搭配和造句。

学术词汇则是托福考试中的重点和难点。

这类词汇通常涉及到各个学科领域，如生物学、历史学、物理学、心理学等。

例如“photosynthesis（光合作用）”“archaeology（考古学）”“velocity（速度）”“psychology（心理学）”等。

掌握学术词汇对于理解托福阅读和听力中的学术文章，以及在写作和口语中准确表达专业观点非常重要。

那么，如何有效地记忆托福词汇呢？一是制定合理的学习计划。

可以根据自己的时间和能力，将词汇量分配到每天的学习任务中。

比如每天背诵 50 100 个新单词，并及时复习之前学过的单词，以加深记忆。

二是运用多种记忆方法。

比如联想法，将单词与生活中的场景、形象或者已知的词汇联系起来，帮助记忆。

例如，“gloom（忧郁；昏暗）”这个单词，可以想象一个人在昏暗的房间里，心情忧郁。

还有词根词缀法，很多托福词汇都有共同的词根和词缀，了解这些词根词缀的含义，能够帮助我们推测出生词的意思。

比如“un”表示否定，“able”表示能够，那么“unable”就是“不能”的意思。

三是结合语境记忆。

不要孤立地背单词，而是将单词放在句子、文章中去理解和记忆。

这样不仅能记住单词的意思，还能了解其用法和搭配。

四是利用各种学习工具。

现在有很多优秀的托福词汇学习 APP 和书籍，它们提供了丰富的词汇资源、例句、练习等，可以帮助我们更高效地学习。

托福独立作文

新托福考试独立写作技巧破题篇内容提要：IBT写作者应该具备的是什么条件呢？不是以华文丽藻哗众取宠，而是个人眼界，素质，修养以服人。

一个词，深度。

关于这一点的具体论述，小编会在陪伴大家完整得经历独立写作的各项工序后给出。

破题的两个字眼，一个是“题”，心里要满装着题目，一个字一个标点也要看得清清楚楚，不可以有哪怕一个空格的疏漏。

另一个是“破”，要对题目里的每一个单词都细嚼慢咽，深刻理解，读过了的词如百步穿杨，准确无误的明了其所指，这也包括该单词的引申含义，言外之义。

此处将以从OG提供的195道例题中随机抽的一题为例，进行详细示范。

Nowadays, food has become easier to prepare. Has this change improved the way people live? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.我们看见了一个nowadays，指的是现代生活，现今时代，今年甚至是今天，也就是我们正在每天体验的生活。

我们又看到food，今天的人们有什么吃的呢？健康饮食理念者爱吃生疏加熟粗粮，不健康饮食理念者也有肯德基麦当劳。

儿童有糖果饼干果冻，大街上随处都有的买。

正规家居过日子的人也有各种原料和佐料等着下厨。

这个food指的是什么呢？继续看，food has become easier to prepare，有个比较级，是要和谁比较，比较什么？从to prepare判断，原来是比较准备出食物的难易程度，这不可能是和人们还不知为何状的未来的食物相比，那么就是和过去，也就是和传统食物相比了。

这个比较可以从多种角度入手。

围绕着现代食物比较容易准备，我们能够轻易想到的有：准备时间缩短了，食用方式可能改变，营养价值可能改变，人们烹调时的心情改变，食用心情改变，对身体的长远影响改变，烹调方面节省下来的时间可以用在其它方面，导致生活节奏改变，生活重心改变，长此以往情趣格调改变，兴趣爱好改变，乃至性情改变等等等等。