美国政治体制(英文版)
American policy 美国的政治
The position --- president
The right of the president
The election of the president
The rights of the president
Control the army
The head of major government as well as the country
The legislative(立法机关）and the administration (行 政机关）independent from each other.
If you are a assemblyman of the one between them , you cannot be a assemblyman of the other one.
Members of the U.S. Senate serve six-year-terms.
Members of the U.S. House of Representations serve two-year-terms.
The constitution宪法 says:
• An American citizen who has reached 18 has the right to vote. • An American citizen over 30 has the right to be elected to be an assemblyman(议员）of Senate . • An American citizen over 25 has the right to be elected to be an assemblyman of House of Representations.
美国政治制度用英语简洁介绍
美国政治制度用英语简洁介绍篇一：美国政治制度的英语作文The United State political systemAs far as I am concerned, I believe that the Constitutional federal republish of The United State is democratic. The United State federal system pursues the principe of “Checks and Balan ces”. The American constitution required that the state authority consisted of legislative branch, executive branch, judicial branch , which was parallel to others and restricted others. The Congress consists of the House and the Senate. Each state has two senators despite the population, which ensures that the small states have an equal power in one of the houses of Congress. The House of Representatives are elected according to the proportion of the population states. The main duty of the Congress is to make laws. Only when the House and the Senate vote and pass the bill and then send it to the president for his signature, can it become a law. The chief executive of the United State is the president.He is head of government, commander–in–chief of the armed forces and chief of state. The president is elected by the citizens and he has to be responsible for them. The president can veto the law that the Congressproposes. However,Congress can enact the law despite the president’s views only if two thirds of the members of both houses vote in favour of it. The judicial branch is headed by the Supreme Court. The judges are appointed by the president. The judges can have lifelong tenure if they do not commit a crime.In my opinion, I think that both the presidential election and the enactment of law in the United State are democratic. Thomas Jefferson ever said“As far as I understand it, the supreme power of the most reliable person in charge can only be the people themselves” in 1820. The American system of government represents the citizens benefit and promotes the economic development rapidly.However, the American system has also existed disadvantages. I think the racial prejudice is a serious problem in American society. A 18‐year‐old black youth named Michael Brown was shot by a white policeman and finally died in Missouri, America on August 9th 2014. whichcaused large‐scale demonstrations and developed the violent incident such as beating,smashing and looting in many places. When the grand jury judgedthat the white policeman can not be accused on November 24th , the protests spread quickly more than 170 cities in America. This issue caused wild public concern not only at home but also all over the world. Unfortunately, the racial problem has not been solved yet.Different from the America, China carried out the system of people’s congress, which fits our country’s situation. In political parties, America has two‐party system but China insists an single‐party system. I think that Chinese system has high efficiency in a short time but has poor long‐term stability, because of lacking power supervision. Instead, American system has low efficiency in short‐term but has high efficiency for a long time. Therefore, we can not say the Chinese system is superior to American system, because they both fit their own country’s situation and have positive impact on the economical development. However,the officials looting has become a more and more serious problem in our country. The officials’duties are serving to the people and doing something beneficial to the public. Butthey failed in their responsibility and looted,which may cause the public feel disappointed to the government. Although the government has taken effective measures to suppress the corruption,officials looting remains a serious problem in our country. So,I think that our government should perfect the power supervision system constantly and prevent the officials from looting. Only by doing this, our country may become better and better.篇二：美国政治制度英文the united state political systemin my opinion, i think that both the presidential election and the enactment of law in the united state are democratic. thomas jefferson ever said“as far as i understand it, the supreme power of the most reliable person in charge can only be the people themselves” in 1820. the american system of government represents the citizens benefit and promotes the economic development rapidly.however, the american system has also existed disadvantages. i think the racial prejudice is a serious problem in american society. a 18‐year‐old black youth named michael brown was shot by a white policeman and finally died in missouri, america on august 9th 2014. whichcaused large‐scale demonstrations and developed the violent incident such as beating,smashing and looting in many places. when the grand jury judgedthat the white policeman can not be accused on november 24th , the protests spread quickly more than 170 cities in america. this issue caused wild public concern not only at home but also all over the world. unfortunately, the racial problem has not been solved yet.the united state political systemin my opinion, i think that both the presidential election and the enactment of law in the united state are democratic. thomas jefferson ever said“as far as i understand it, th e supreme power of the most reliable person in charge can only be the people themselves” in 1820. the american system of government represents the citizens benefit and promotes the economic development rapidly.however, the american system has also existed disadvantages. i think the racial prejudice is a serious problem in american society. a 18‐year‐old black youth named michael brown was shot by a white policeman and finally died in missouri, america on august 9th 2014. which caused large‐scale demonstrations and developed theviolent incident such as beating,smashing and looting in many places. when the grand jury judgedthat the white policeman can not be accused on november 24th , the protests spread quickly more than 170 cities in america. this issue caused wild public concern not only at home but also all over the world. unfortunately, the racial problem has not been solved yet.一、英国政治体制的模式及特点英国的政治制度是典型的君主立宪制，其主要特点是“议会至上”、以内阁为权力核心、君主虚位、政党组织严密。
英语国家概况：美国政治
英语国家概况:美国政治下面是店铺整理的英语国家概况:美国政治，希望对大家有帮助。
Political Institution政治体制1)A workable form of government under theConstitution: a federal system of government whichhas two layers of rule.两极统治的联邦政府体制。
2)Separation of powers with checks and balancesunder the Constitution: The Constitution divides thegovernment into three branches: the legislative,the executive and the judicial. Each branch hasonly part of the powers but not all the powers. Thethree branches are in balance and they may check each other.三权分立和制衡制度：宪法将政府划分为3个部门，立法部门、执法部门和司法部门。
每个部门只有部分权利不是全部。
三个部门权利平衡并互相限制。
3) Safeguards for individual liberty under the Constitution: the Bill of Rights. It is the termused for the first ten amendments to the Constitution. Ti guarantees freedom of religion,freedom of speech, freedom of the press, freedom of assembly and petition, freedom fromunreasonable searches, right to jury trial, right to due process of law and other legal rights.宪法下的个人自由的保护：人权。
美国政治系统英语作文
The American political system is a complex and multifaceted structure that has evolved over centuries.It is a federal system,which means power is divided between the national government and the states.This essay will delve into the intricacies of the American political landscape,exploring its foundations,the branches of government,and the unique characteristics that define it.At its core,the American political system is based on the Constitution,a document that was drafted in1787and has been amended27times since then.The Constitution establishes the framework for the federal government and outlines the rights and responsibilities of its citizens.It is a living document that has been interpreted and reinterpreted by the Supreme Court,shaping the nations political and social fabric.The American government is divided into three branches:the legislative, the executive,and the judicial.This separation of powers is designed to prevent any one branch from becoming too powerful and to ensure a system of checks and balances.The legislative branch,composed of the Senate and the House of Representatives,is responsible for making laws. The executive branch,headed by the President,enforces these laws and carries out the daytoday operations of the government.The judicial branch, led by the Supreme Court,interprets the laws and ensures they are consistent with the Constitution.One of the most distinctive features of the American political system is the twoparty system.The Democratic and Republican parties have dominated American politics for most of the countrys history,although there havebeen periods of thirdparty influence.This system has both advantages and disadvantages.On the one hand,it provides stability and predictability in the political process.On the other hand,it can limit the range of political ideas and perspectives that are represented in government.Another notable aspect of the American political system is the role of interest groups.These organizations,ranging from labor unions to business associations to advocacy groups,play a significant role in shaping policy and influencing the political process.They provide a way for citizens to participate in politics beyond voting,by lobbying elected officials and raising awareness about specific issues.The electoral process in the United States is also unique.The President is elected through the Electoral College,a system in which each state has a certain number of electors based on its population.This system has been the subject of much debate,with critics arguing that it can lead to a candidate winning the presidency without winning the popular vote.In conclusion,the American political system is a complex and dynamic structure that has been shaped by history,the Constitution,and the evolving needs of its citizens.It is characterized by a separation of powers, a twoparty system,and the influence of interest groups.While it has its flaws and challenges,it remains a system that many around the world look to as a model of democracy and governance.。
American system of government 美国的政府体制
The party system
Bipartisan political system---2 parties 1. Democratic party 2. Republican party
The “3”
“3” powers: 1.Congress 2.The president 3.The courts
Federal state
The United States of America is a federal state
The organization form of regime
the presidential system
The political system
M a k i n g a separation of the 3 p o w e r s &combining the b a l a n c e
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The civil rights system
The United States Constitution and legal provisions, come from the people, and ultimately belongs to the people; the power of the government is not absolute The Federal Constitution and the law on one hand stipulates that citizens enjoy personal protection, freedom of speech, press, assembly, freedom of religion, private property rights and voting rights
美国政治体制(英文版)
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The House of Representatives has 435 members, each representing a congressional district for a two-year term. House seats are apportioned (分 配)among the states by population every tenth year. The Senate has 100 members with each state having two senators, elected at-large to sixyear terms; one third of Senate seats are up for election every other year.
President Barack Obama named Hillary Rodham Clinton as his choice for Secretary of State. Secretary of State uniquely refers to the official responsible for foreign policy. The U.S. Secretary of State is head of the United State Department(美国国务院).
原创力文档是网络服务平台方若您的权利被侵害侵权客服qq
The polity of United States
The United States is the world’s oldest surviving federation. It is a constitutional republic.(宪政共和国) Federal(联邦) and state judicial(司法的) and cabinet officials are typically nominated(提名) by the executive branch(行政部门) and approved by the legislature(立法机关), although some state judges and officials are elected by popular vote.(普选)
美国政权制度
美国政权制度“三权分立”三权分立, 美国, 制度, 政权The federal government of the United States was established by the US Constitution（宪法）, which is the supreme law of the nation, providing a framework for the US government. The document defines three main branches of government: legislative, executive and judicial（立法，行政，司法）. Through a system of separating the powers of these branches, these three branches form a system of “check and balances”(制衡原则) where each one helps to regulate the others.Let’s get back to the 3 branches of government. The legislative branch has the power to create, amend and change laws. The primary components of any legislature are the chambers, or houses. These chambers/houses are assemblies, a group of people gathered together for a similar purpose, in this case to debate and vote on bills--proposed laws that have not yet been adopted. A legislature with one house is called, unicameral（单院制）, and with two is bicameral（两院制）. The US legislature, known as the US Congress, is a bicameral legislature, with two houses differing in duties, powers, and the methods used to select its members. Our two legislative houses are known as the House of Representatives and the Senate（众议院与参议院）.The House of Representatives is based on each state’s population, although each state has at least one representative.Currently there are 435 voting members of the House, and each representative serves a 2-year term. The head of the House is known as the Speaker. The Senate is different in that every state elects 2 senators, regardless of the state population, to serve 6-year terms. As the US has 50 states, we have a total of 100 senators. Although the two chambers have different duties, the consent of both houses must be obtained to make anylaw.美国三权分立的利弊(英文)？这是一篇有关美国三权分立优缺点的英文短文,应该对您有用.The separation of powers, also known as trias politica, is a model for the governance of democratic states. The model was first developed in ancient Greece and cam e into widespread use by the Roman Republic as part of the uncodified Constitutio n of the Roman Republic. Under this model, the state is divided into branches or estates, each with separate and independent powers and areas of responsibility. Th e normal division of estates is into an executive, a legislature, and a judiciary.Parliamentary democracies do not have distinct separation of powers. The executiv e, which often consists of a prime minister and cabinet ("government"), is drawn fr om the legislature (parliament). This is the principle of responsible government. Ho wever, although the legislative and executive branches are connected, in parliament ary systems there is usually an independent judiciary and the government's role in the parliament does not give them unlimited legislative influence.Advantages and disadvantages the separation of powers, also known as trias politic a, is a model for the governance of democratic states. the model was first develop ed in ancient greece and came into widespread use by the roman republic as part of the uncodified constitution of the roman republic. under this model, the state is divided into branches or estates, each with separate and independent powers and areas of responsibility. the normal division of estates is into an executive, a legisl ature, and a judiciary.parliamentary democracies do not have distinct separation of powers. the executive, which often consists of a prime minister and cabinet ("government"), is drawn fro m the legislature (parliament). this is the principle of responsible government. howe ver, although the legislative and executive branches are connected, in parliamentary systems there is usually an independent judiciary and the government's role in the parliament does not give them unlimited legislative influence。
美国政治体系【英文】
King George III
George Washington
Life
• Under British control for 100+ years • Property, free religion & other rights •Had about 4 million non-natives •We were “born Lockean”
U.S. Political Culture, U.S. Political Institutions
September 14, 2007
The Pledge
Who is this?
Tyranny and Democracy were thought to be undesirable extremes
It’s a Small Welfare State After All
Low spending… Low taxes…
Colonial Life
•Was there an ethos of the “frontier”
• Governments most closely related to English Shires
“Success in life is pretty much determined by forces outside of your control.”
• Great Britain, 48% disagree, ratio 3.43 • France, 44% disagree, ratio 2.32 • Germany, 31% disagree, ratio 1.35 • Poland, 29% disagree, ratio 1.45 • Ukraine, 35% disagree, ratio 1.30 • Russia, 36% disagree, ratio 2.25 • United States, 65% disagree, ratio 7.22
英语美国政体
OverviewU.S. objective that is now the world's most developed countries, whether from the political and economic science, and technology, the objective with the United States that it is inseparable from the political system of the U.S. political system is the core of the system of separation of powers, democracy, freedom That human rights are the basic elements of society.OriginOther countries in the world, compared to the U.S. political life is in a unique structure of power, political power is widely dispersed in all sectors of the community, not for power-grade, but competition-style. As the U.S. government authority, including legislative, administrative, judicial three systems, each system plays a role in their own, while restricting each other, they are the most direct policy-makers. And to participate in and influence policy formulation also includes the various forces and other roles, such as business, finance, the legal profession, foundations, universities, media and cultural institutions and civil society organizations (women, racial, ethnic groups). David Truman (David Truman) to the most direct decision-makers and voters between the interest groups known as the "middle structure" and to treat them as part of government agencies. "The middle structure, including a large number of interest groups, companies, trade unions, churches, various professional associations, the media, political parties, these organizations between the Government and people betwee n government agencies and people linked bonds. They Neither in a subordinate position, not in a dominant position. This is the diversified structure of the distribution of power in American society an important form of expression. "Xiersiman (Hilsman) more concise explanation, he called the first lap of the Government of Policy makers, political parties and interest groups belong to the second circle of policy makers, the media, political parties and interest groups gain political power Yulungongju. This shows that the United States the formulation of government policy not only confined to government agencies and the top leaders of various social forces and social institutions play an important and decisive role.Therefore, the United States was considered typical of the multi-national democracy, which is well-known political scientist Robert said in the "polyarchy". Pluralist political system is the essential feature of decentralization, or the centre of power in diversification. Power to make all kinds of diverse political forces play a role in the decision making process, they compete for government agencies to exert influence, reflecting the various interests, in a bid to enable the formulation of policies consistent with their needs. [2] concrete expression of political pluralism: (1) American society, there are many powerful interest groups, they can use some effective ways to participate in decision-making process. Official U.S. policy is usually bargaining between the various groups and the result of a compromise. (2) all major groups in a relative balance of power and mutual constraints, and no one group is powerful enough to dominate other groups. (3) the balance of power between the various groups of a democratic society, natural state.FrameU.S. federal, state and local government outlinedU.S. government system began in 1776, initially only a concept based on freedom and democracy in the trial. However, history has proven that it is a very dynamic and adaptive system.Often referred to as the United States is a democracy, but, more precisely, the United States is the implementation of the federal constitutional republican (constitutional federal republic). "Constitutional" ( "constitutional") is the U.S. government is the establishment of the constitution on the basis of this"constitution" is the country's highest law ─ ─ not only determine the structure of federal and state governments, and established the government's authority. "Federation" ( "federal") system embodied in the United States by a national government and state government composed of 50. "Republican" ( "republic") is a means by the people in power, but by the elected representatives of the ruling regime. The operation of the U.S. political systemIt seems that some people in the United States system of government seems to be simple and straightforward: Congress enacted the law, the president implemented the law. But look closely you can see that in fact this is a much more complex with the interaction and the system of checks and balances.As a Republic, the U.S. government is in the fundamental power of the hands of the people. The people through regular at the president, members of Congress and state and local government officials of the election exercise of power. Elected officials and his team for the formulation of policies and laws, and is responsible for the daily operation of government."As far as I know, Social highest authority in charge of the most reliable person can only be the people themselves." - Thomas Jefferson (Thomas Jefferson), in 1820 the role of the Constitution "Constitution of the United States of America" (The US Constitution) was born in 1788, is the blueprint for the United States system of government. It provided by the three branches of government (legislative, executive and judicial), and determine their powers and working methods. "Constitution" one of the most important features is the creation of the separation of powers system of checks and balances so that one branch of government are the other two branches have some kind of binding. For example, the judicial branch of the Supreme Court by the executive branch to the President's appointment of the next legislative branch must also be approved by the Senate. Similarly, the Supreme Court to overturn enacted by Congress and the president signed the law. Such checks and balances between the government of any one sector can not be absolute power.Since the Government can only exercise its "constitution" under the specific powers, "constitution" for the people's rights and powers provided an important protection. Collectively, the "bill of rights" (Bill of Rights) of the "constitution" before the 10 amendments to protect all Americans the right to freedom, including freedom of speech, freedom of the press, freedom of religion, free from unwarranted searches, as well as the right to trial by jury And so on."Constitution" as the fundamental law countries, governments at all levels of the legislative and executive powers are binding. Whether any laws or legal provisions, as long as the court decision was contrary to the "Constitution" and will fail. In this respect the Supreme Court has the final say. "Constitution" must be amended by the Senate and House of Representatives two-thirds of Members, and with more than three-quarters of the state's approval to set up. This process very difficult, since the "constitution" was born, there have been only 27 amendments passed, 1800 has only adopted 16 amendments also included.Federal, state and local government relationship between the"Constitution" is not only determined the structure and powers of the federal government, but also to the basic provisions of the state government. At the same time, all states have the state constitution, against the state constitution contains provisions within the local government. Local government refers to cities, counties, towns or school district and special district government. Local governments responsible for the management of local natural resources or transport system.The federal government the powers and duties ranging from "America the Constitution" limit. Belongs to the federal government's powers include: interstate trade, defense, Mint, immigration andnaturalization, and signed treaties with foreign countries.However, as time development, the "constitution" be in line with the changing times and explained that the federal government's power also will be changed. By the federal government and state government to develop some funding from federal, state laws and the implementation of the project. Such areas of cooperation include: education, social welfare, housing subsidies and nutrition, homeland security, traffic and emergency operations. These projects subject to the federal operation.Such cooperation so that the federal government has an impact on the ability of the state government. For example, in the 1970s, the federal government hoped that by reducing the highway speed limit on the maximum to reduce energy consumption. However, the federal government is not through direct legislation to achieve this goal, but that the non-state automatically reduce the speed of the state, will not be provided by the Federal Highway project funds. In addition, in many cases, the state government to obtain federal funding for its highway projects must also provide some funding.The local government structure and powers established by the state constitution. As the provisions of the state government may not be inconsistent with federal law, local governments by the state constitution and legal constraints.MediaIn the United States, the media is in private hands, not subject to government review. Independent newspapers, magazines, television, radio and other forms of media in the United States have a profound traditional, they published all kinds of criticism and support the government policy point of view.The media of public policy at least three important effects. First, in a wide range of policy makers always under the supervision of the news media. Government officials know that their words and deeds almost - even in private - could open by the media, they are not willing to take the public should not be decisions or actions.Second, the facts reported by the media and independent analysis of public policy to allow the public informed.Third, the media for publication and broadcasting sector (including readers and listeners) to provide a comment, then the forum can influence others, for example, many large newspapers published with the support of a candidate to run for office in an editorial or a policy of contributing褒贬The article.Three of the role of the media - will be government officials of exposure to the public informed and strive to support a particular candidate or policy - the public can have a direct impact on decision-making, can also be created based on public opinion in the decision-making indirectly Impact.。
英文介绍美国的三权分立制度
The separation of power and the system of checks—and—balances in USA It is known to us that the political system vary from country to country depending on its different national condition, such as the constitutional monarchy of UK and the People’s Congres s system of China, the separation of power of US。
During this discussion，we will talk about the how the American government works under the idea of separation of power which is associated with the checks and balances system。
According to the U。
S. Constitution declared that the government was divided into three different branches including a legislative, an executive and a judiciary，in accordance with the idea of separation of power。
This idea was created because that Americans did not want these powers to be controlled by just one man or one group。
They were afraid that if a small group received too much power, the United States would wind up under the rule of another dictator or tyrant。
高中英语 精华双语文章 美国政体--两制素材
高中精华双语文章：美国政体--两制美国政治体制是两制的典型范例。
在美国社会里，民主和共和是最大和最有竞争力的组织。
两制坚实地扎根于美国政治中，这种制度自动的产生了多数。
由于派的分歧不是根本的，即使在两个控制不同部门时，政府工作仍然能够进行。
The American Political System--Two Party System美国政体--两制No one now living in the United States can remember when the contest began between the Democratic and the Republican parties. It has been going on for more than a century, making it one of the oldest political rivalries in the world.现在生活在美国的人没人能记起民主和共和之间的竞争是什么时候开始的。
这种竞争进行了一个多世纪，是世界上最早的政治竞争之一。
The American political system is a classical example of the two-party system. When we say that we have a two-party system in the United States we do not mean that we have only two parties. Usually about a dozen parties nominate presidential candidates. We call it a two-party system because we have two large parties and a number of small parties, and the large parties are so large that we often forget about the rest. Usually the small parties collectively poll less than 5 per cent of the vote cast in national elections.美国的政治体制是两制的典型范例。
美国政治英语作文
The United States is a country with a rich history and a complex political system. Heres a detailed essay on the topic of American politics,which explores the structure, key players,and some of the challenges faced by the political system.The Complex Landscape of American PoliticsThe United States of America is a federal republic,with a political system that is both intricate and influential on a global scale.The U.S.political system is based on the Constitution,which was adopted in1787and has been amended27times to adapt to the changing needs of the nation.The Three Branches of GovernmentThe American political system is divided into three branches:the executive,the legislative,and the judicial.This separation of powers is designed to prevent any one branch from becoming too powerful and to ensure a system of checks and balances.1.Executive Branch:The President of the United States is the head of the executive branch and the highest elected official in the country.The President is responsible for enforcing laws,representing the nation in foreign affairs,and serving as the commanderinchief of the armed forces.The President is elected every four years and can serve a maximum of two terms.2.Legislative Branch:The legislative branch is composed of the Senate and the House of Representatives,collectively known as the Congress.The Senate is made up of100 members,with two senators from each state,while the House of Representatives has435 members,with the number of representatives from each state based on its population.The legislative branch is responsible for making laws,raising revenue,and regulating commerce.3.Judicial Branch:The judicial branch is headed by the Supreme Court of the United States,which is the highest court in the land.The Supreme Court interprets the Constitution and federal laws,and its decisions set legal precedents that lower courts must follow.The President appoints justices to the Supreme Court,and they serve for life or until they choose to retire.Political PartiesThe two major political parties in the United States are the Democratic Party and the Republican Party.These parties have different ideologies and policy positions,which shape the political discourse and the legislative agenda.Democratic Party:Generally associated with progressive policies,the Democratic Party tends to support social justice,environmental protection,and economic equality. Democrats often advocate for policies such as universal healthcare,stronger gun control, and comprehensive immigration reform.Republican Party:The Republican Party is often associated with conservative values and policies.Republicans typically support limited government intervention,lower taxes,and a strong national defense.They also tend to oppose policies that they perceive as infringing on individual liberties,such as certain environmental regulations and social welfare programs.Challenges in American PoliticsDespite its robust system of governance,American politics faces several challenges:Polarization:The increasing divide between the two major political parties has led to a more polarized political climate,where compromise and bipartisanship are often difficult to achieve.Gerrymandering:The practice of drawing electoral district boundaries to favor one party over another has contributed to the polarization and has been criticized for undermining the democratic process.Campaign Financing:The influence of money in politics,particularly in the form of campaign contributions and lobbying,has raised concerns about the integrity of the political system and the influence of special interests.Voter Suppression:Efforts to restrict voting rights,such as strict voter ID laws and the purging of voter rolls,have been criticized for disproportionately affecting minority communities and undermining the right to vote.ConclusionThe American political system,while foundational to the nations identity and global influence,is not without its flaws.It is a dynamic and evolving entity that continues to shape and be shaped by the diverse population it represents.Understanding thecomplexities of American politics is crucial for anyone seeking to engage with or influence the political landscape in the United States.。
美国政体英文版
一美国政体.the Articles of Confederation《联邦条款》Congress requires each country to send representatives to a meeting in Philadelphia, the city signed the Declaration of Independence, to discuss which changes to strengthen the federal provisions. The smallest state, Rhode Island, refused to attend the meeting, but representatives from 12 other countries. The meeting came to be known as the Constituent Assembly (Constituent Assembly), began in May 1787.II. The making of the U.S ConstitutionU.S. Constitution developIn the course of the convention, the delegates designed a new form of government for the United States. Constitution established a federal system with a strong central government. A federal system in which power is shared between a central authority and its components, and each part rights reserved. The Constitution also calls for national leadership election, or the President. It provides (provisions), the federal law will only be made by the representatives of the people elected by a parliament composed. It also provides a national court system headed by the Supreme Court.The deputies set up a government composed of three parts, or branches, executive, legislative and judicial. Each branch has powers that no one I have, and limitations of each branch has resisted any wrongdoing by the other branch of the way. 1776 1789 of the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution forms the basis of the U.S. federal government. The new constitution was finally in 13 states approved by the majority of the nine members of the public and came into effect in 1787. "Bill of Rights" was added to the Constitution in 1791.III. The Federal GovernmentThree branches , including administration, headed by the President , legislation, including both houses of Congress ( Senate and House of Representatives ) and the judiciary , the Supreme Court leadership.China and the U.S. Federal GovernmentThe legislative branch ( legislative body ) is composed of elected representatives from all countries , and is the only branch that can make federal laws, levy ( levy ) federal tax , and declared war or the foreign treaty to take effect. It is divided into the House of Representatives and the Senate by Congress .House of Representatives , including legislators who served for two years . Each congressman on behalf of his or her home one area. State the number of districts is determined by taking the number of the population every 10 years .Senate who served six years , including the period legislator . Every country, regardless of population , has two senators .The main duties of this conference is to make laws , including those paid by the federal government's taxing work . Began as a proposal of a law called the " Act ." This is a reading, Research Committee , comments ( comment ) , and in the Senate or the House of Representatives chamber ( House ) in which it was introduced amendments ( amendments ) . It was then put to the vote .If passed, it is sent to a similar method in which the generation of other houses. Members of both houses to work together in the " conference committee" if the Chamber of Commerce have passed different versions of the same bill ( text ) . Groups who are trying to convince members of Congress to vote for or against the bill is called " lobbying" ( lobbying group ) . When passed byboth houses of Congress , they agreed to a bill that is sent to the President for signature . After signing the bill into law just does .The executive branch ( the executive body )CEO of the United States is the president, who along with vice president , was elected to a four-year term . According to a constitutional amendment passed in 1951 , the president can choose to only two aspects .The President is the head of State and head of government , and the military commander of the army and the chief diplomat . He presided over the federal government's executive branch . In the executive branch , the president has broad constitutional powers to issue ( command ) about federal departments work regulations ( regulations ) , and instructed him to issue an executive order can affect internal policies.Presidential power is terrible ( huge ) . President as a major public policy makers often raise the Legislative Assembly . The president can veto ( veto ) any bill passed by Congress . Veto can be overridden ( overturned veto , so invalid ) in the Senate and House of Representatives by 2/3 vote. The president can appoint federal judges vacancies , including members of the Supreme Court. All of these appointments are subject to the court (subject ...... consent ) confirmed by the Senate. In the executive branch , the president has broad powers to work orders issued regulations ( regulations ) and related federal departments ( command ) . He was commander in chief of the army.Heads and senior officials of the executive agency appointed by the President , the vast majority of federal workers .The main branches of government are appointed by the secretary ( minister , secretary ) who together constitute the leadership of the President's Cabinet . Each appointment must be confirmed by the Senate for a vote . Under the Constitution, the president is primarily responsible for handling external relations .Judiciary ( Judiciary )The judiciary ( the judiciary ) and head of the Supreme Court justices ( Chief Justice ) and 8 Associate Justice ( Justice ) . Federal judges are appointed for life or voluntary retirement , and the process can only be removed from office by Congress impeachment trial .The Supreme Court consists of nine justices : Chief Justice of the United States and eight Associate Justices . They have the same rights and the Chief Justice does not decide the case for re- vote when the vote ( vote ) or colleagues power indication.The Supreme Court has the right to judicial review , the power to decide whether Parliament legislative or administrative acts unconstitutional .Checks and balancesWhen Americans talk about their national governments in three parts , they tend to put their so-called system of "checks and balances " system.The president has the power to make treaties withother nations and to make all appointments tofederal positions, including the position of SupremeCourt justice. The Senate , however, must approveall treaties and confirm all appointments beforethey become official.The Supreme Court can determine whethercongressional legislation or executive action violatesthe Constitution.executive judiciallegislativeIV. the Bill of Rights (another basicfoundation in the U.S Constitution ) In 1791 it passed by 10 short paragraphs, to ensure individual rights and freedoms and government interference in personal life ban. In the Bill of Rights, the American guarantee of freedom of speech and freedom of religion news. Their right to assembly in public places, the right to bear arms, and so on. There are other 16 amendments to the Constitution of 1991. Thus, there were 27 amendments to the U.S. Constitution. V. Two major Political PartiesDemocrats and Republicans (often called the "Grand Old Party" or Republican): America's political system is dominated by two political parties. These are very old, very stable political party - "Democrats and Republicans back to 1824, respectively, the Democratic Party, founded in 1854 as a donkey, and is characterized as a Republican elephant.Americans do not join a political party to vote or become a candidate for public office.。
美国政治 英文版
• The Republican Party—conservative; • Favor an economic system—giving enterprises a greater freedom and demand the government to control inflation; • Stress the need for law and order; • Oppose complete governmental social programs and free choice of abortion; • Favor a strong military posture and assertive stands in international relations.
Representatives (congressman)
435 seats totally, they are divided among states according to their population 2 years
Hale Waihona Puke The SenateSenators
100 in total and each state has 2 seats 6 years ( 1/3 of them are re-elected every 2 years
16 departments
Members are appointed by president with the approval of the Senate..
The polity of United States美国的政体
The polity of United States美国的政体The United States is the world’s oldest surviving federation美国是世界上最古老的联盟. It is a constitutional republic.(宪政共和国)Federal(联邦) and state judicial(司法的) and cabinet officials are typically nominated(提名) by the executive branch(行政部门) and approved by the legislature(立法机关)联邦和州司法和内阁官员通常由行政部门提名,经议会批准, although some state judges and officials are elected by popular vote虽然一些州法官和官员由民众选举产生 .(普选)In the American federalist system, citizens are usually subject to three levels of government: federal, state, and local.在美国的联邦体制,公民通常受制于三个级别的政府:联邦、州和地方The government is regulated by a system of checks and balances(相互监督与制衡) defined by the U.S. Constitution, which serves as the country’s supreme(最高的) legal document.政府是由一个系统定义的制衡美国的宪法,它是国家的最高法律文件The federal government is composed of three branches:联邦政府由三个分支组成legislative 立法judicial司法executive 执行Legislative（立法）The United States Capitol(国会大厦), which houses the United States Congress.(美国国会)The United States Congress美国国会, made up of the Senate(参议院，上院)and the House of Representatives, (众议院) makes federal law, declares war, approves treaties使联邦法律,宣布战争,批准条约, has the power of the purse, and has the power of impeachment,(弹劾) by which it can remove sitting members of the government.有权力的钱包，并有权弹劾，（弹劾）其中可以删除坐在政府成员。
美国政体 - 副本
பைடு நூலகம்
The federal government is composed of three branches:
Legislative • Judicial • Executive
•
Legislative（立法）
The United States Capitol(国会大厦), which houses the United States Congress.(美国国会)
Checks and Balances
制约与平衡的原则 One power scrutinizing the other of the three-part national government works to keep serious mistakes from being made by one branch or another. 这个原则的确立是为了防止专制。但在实 施过程中出现了不少问题,比如联邦调查 局及中央情报局侵犯人权的事常有发生, 也没有得到制约。
Two Major Political Parties(驴象之争)
the donkey(驴) and the elephant(象)
Two Major Political Parties
The Democratic Party(民主党), which is thought to be more liberal and the symbol of which is the donkey (Under President Franklin Roosevelt’s “New Deal”, Democrats set up government programs that provided paid employment for people building dams and roads and public buildings and Social Security社会保障制度, which ensures that those who are retired or disabled receive monthly payments from the government )
美国三权分立的详细说明(英语版)
The separation of power and the system of checks-and-balancesin USAIntroductionIt is known to us that the political system vary from country to country depending on its different national condition, such as the constitutional monarchy of UK and the People's Congress system of China, the separation of power of US. During this discussion, we will talk about the how the American government works under the idea of separation of power which is associated with the checks and balances system..BodyAccording to the U.S. Constitution declared that the government was divided into three different branches including a legislative, an executive and a judiciary, in accordance with the idea of separation of power. This idea was created because that Americans did not want these powers to be controlled by just one man or one group. They were afraid that if a small group received too much power, the United States would wind up under the rule of another dictator or tyrant.Separation of powers is a political doctrine originating in the writings of Montesquieu in "The Spirit of the Laws" where he urged for a constitutional government with three separate branches of government. Each of the three branches would have defined powers to check thepowers of the other branches. This idea was called separation of powers. This philosophy heavily influenced the writing of the United States Constitution. The legislative, executive, and judicial branches of the United States government are kept distinct in order to prevent abuse of power. The United State’s form of separation of powers is associated with a system of checks and balances.How does the United States do when putting the idea of separation of power into practice? Which department is responsible for the legislative, executive, and judicial work respectively? In fact, in USA, the legislative is headed by Congress; the executive branch headed by the President and judicial branches headed by the Supreme Court. If we have to use very simple words to describe the work of these three branches, it can be summarized as follow: the Legislative Branch makes the law; the Executive Branch enforces and carries out the laws; The Judicial Branch interprets the laws. Each branch of the government have particular powers, it will be introduced followed.The President, who is responsible for the Executive Branch carries out federal laws and recommends new ones, directs national defense and foreign policy, and performs ceremonial duties. The main powers include: ✧ May veto laws✧ dealing with international powers,✧cting as chief law enforcement officer,✧directing government, commanding the Armed Forces,✧Wages war at the direction of Congress (Congress makes the rulesfor the military)✧Makes decrees or declarations (for example, declaring a state ofemergency)✧promulgates lawful regulations and executive orders✧Appoints judges and executive department heads✧Has power to grant pardons to convicted persons, except in cases ofimpeachmentThe Legislative Branch is headed by the Congress, which includes the House of Representatives and the Senate. The main task of these two bodies is to make the laws. Its main powers include✧Writes and enacts laws✧Enacts taxes, authorizes borrowing, and sets the budget✧Has sole power to declare war✧May start investigations, especially against the executive branch✧The Senate considers presidential appointments of judges andexecutive department heads✧The Senate ratifies treaties✧The House of Representatives may impeach, and the Senate mayremove, executive and judicial officers✧Sets up federal courts except the Supreme Court, and sets the numberof justices on the Supreme Court✧May override presidential vetoes✧originating spending bills (House),✧impeach officials (Senate), and approve treaties (Senate).Headed by the Supreme Court, Judicial branch has the final right to interpret the law, that is to say, once the Supreme Court defines the law, the other different debates will be ineffective. The main powers of the Supreme Court include:✧interpreting the Constitution,✧reviewing laws✧decide cases involving states' rights.✧Determines which laws Congress intended to apply to any given case ✧Determines whether a law is unconstitutional✧Determines how Congress meant the law to apply to disputes✧Determines how a law acts to determine the disposition of prisoners⏹Determines how a law acts to compel testimony and theproduction of evidence✧Determines how laws should be interpreted to assure uniform policiesin a top-down fashion via the appeals process, but gives discretion in individual cases to low-level judges. (The amount of discretiondepends upon the standard of review, determined by the type of case in question.)Polices its own membersNot only does each branch of the government have particular powers each branch has certain powers over the other branches. This is done to keep them balanced and to prevent one branch form ever gaining too much power, which practices the system of checks-and-balances. This can be shown in the some aspects:1. Weather a law is passed or not decided by the CongressThe House and Senate may pass a law that the President does not like. The President can veto the law but the Congress override the video requiring 2/3 vote of both houses.2. The Supreme Court can decide weather the President or the Congress is unconstitutional.If The House and Senate pass a law, the President signs it, but the Supreme Court decides it is unconstitutional, they can strike down the law.3. The appointment of the Judges for the Supreme Course is decided by both the President and the CongressThe President nominates Judges for the Supreme Court; the US Senate must approve the Judge nominated before he can serve.4. The Judges of Supreme Court can be removed by the Congress Supreme Court judges have life terms. But they can be impeached.5. The Congress can veto the proposals of the President and the can reject it again, but it was decided by the Congress.As we can see there are many ways (there are many more than listed) that the Constitution balances power. The picture below shows us clearly how does the three branch of the American government restrict each other mutually, for each branch has certain powers over the other branches.There are some definite examples to show how the system of checks-and-balances operates:•After the Civil War President Andrew Johnson vetoed over 20 bills. •After the Civil War Congress overrode over 20 Presidential vetoes! •In1987 President Ronald Reagan appointed Judge Robert Bork to the Supreme Court, his nomination was defeated.•In 1935 and 1936 the Supreme Court declared the NIRA and then the AAA (two New Deal programs passed during the Roosevelt administration) unconstitutional.•In 1918 Congress refused to ratify the Treaty of V ersailles, a peace treaty ending World War I that President Wilson had worked very hard on.There are thousands of examples of checks and balances at work. Real life conflicts that test the system have occurred throughout history. These checks and balances are used on a regular basis.Actually, in theory, the political system of China is in some way similar to the system of checks-and-balances. The National People's Congress has legislative power, but are not administrative. The Judicial departments enforce law independently. And the government has only the administration without prejudice to the legislative and judicial. However, there are many differences in the specific institutional and practical implementation. In China, the party lead all and sometimes the People's Congress is also Party secretary. Therefore the system ofchecks-and-balances is not fully implemented in China, while in US, this system is really the guide when the government works, for each branch has certain powers over the other branches and the three branch of the American government restrict each other mutually.Conclusion:During this discussion, we learn it is the separation of power that is the main principles on which American federal government is based, the different powers of the three branches and use a lot of examples to explain how the three branches affect each other to show the system of checks-and-balances operating in USA. All in our groups believe that the idea of separation and the system of checks-and-balances do have contributed a lot to the development of America as main principle when the government operates.。
英文-美国的三权分立
of 5executive departm- elected for 6-year
-ents;all are appointed term;presided by
by the President
the Vice President
435 members,appointed among the states according to their populations least one for each and at state; elected for 2-year term; presided by the Speaker
If this scene is really played out in real life, what will happen about the U.S. political landscape? In contrast the ancient feudal society, once the absence of monarchy then the nation will have a bloody struggle for power, So, does this political scene will be staged in the United States?
How they work?
The Constitution divides the power of the government
the Executive The President
the Legislative The Congress
The Judicial The Supreme Court
external power,
France (1789)
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Wenjie
Administration Management
The United States is the world’s oldest surviving federation. It is a constitutional republic.(宪政共和国) Federal(联邦) and state judicial(司法的) and cabinet officials are typically nominated(提名) by the executive branch(行政部门) and approved by the legislature(立法机关), although some state judges and officials are elected by popular vote.(普选)
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The federal government is composed of three branches:
Legislative（立法）
The United States Capitol(国会大厦), which houses the United States Congress.(美国国会)
The United States Congress, made up of the Senate(参议院，上院)and the House of Representatives, (众议院) makes federal law, declares war, approves treaties, has the power of the purse, and has the power of impeachment,(弹劾) by which it can remove sitting members of the government.
President Barack Obama named Hillary Rodham Clinton as his choice for Secretary of State. Secretary of State uniquely refers to the official responsible for foreign policy. The U.S. Secretary of State is head of the United State Department(美国国务院).
Judicial(司法)
the United States Supreme Court building(最高法院)
The Supreme Court, led by the Chief Justice of the United States, has nine members who serve for life.
The United States has operated(运作) under a two-party system for most of its history. Since the general election of 1856, the major parties have been the Democratic Party,(民主党) founded in 1824, and the Republican Party,(共和党) founded in 1854.
The winner of the 2008 presidential election, Barack Obama, is the 44th U.S. president and the first African American to hold the office. All previous(以前的) presidents were men of solely European descent. (独一无二的欧洲血统) The 2008 elections also saw the Democratic Party strengthen its control of both the House and the Senate.
John G. Roberts
17th Chief Justice of the United States
Executive(行政)
the White House home and workplace of the U.S. president
The president is the commanderin-chief of the military, can veto(否决) legislative bills before they become law, and appoints(任 命) the Cabinet and other officers, who administer(执行) and enforce federal laws and policies.
The president serves a four-year term and may be elected to the office no more than twice. The president is not elected by direct vote, but by an indirect electoral(选 举人) college system in which the determining votes are apportioned(分配) by state.
In the American federalist system, citizens are usually subject to three levels of government: federal, state, and local. The government is regulated by a system of checks and balances(相互监督与制衡) defined by the U.S. Constitution, which serves as the country’s supreme(最高的) legal document.
The House of Representatives has 435 members, each representing a congressional district for a two-year term. House seats are apportioned (分 配)among the states by population every tenth year. The Senate has 100 members with each state having two senators, elected at-large to sixyear terms; one third of Senate seats are up for election every other year.