雷达应答器操作方法
AIS-SART
AIS-SART 雷达应答器的使用说明
1 从支架上取出NAS-1000,放在室外敞开的地方。
2 扳开红色插销,转动中部圆环,使圆环上的向上箭头指向“ON”位置。
3 检查LED灯指示。
当闪亮时表示已启动,但GPS没有定位;当常亮时表示已定位。
把NAS-1000放在敞开区域,以便GPS尽快定位。
4如内部蜂鸣器发出“滴,滴….”声音,表示正在发射。
通常情况下,每分钟可以听到8个“滴”音,表示发射8个信息。
5考虑到天线极化关系,NAS-1000应保持垂直向上。
6可用随设备提供的伸缩杆提高NAS-1000的有效高度。
7报警结束后,转动中部圆环,使圆环上的向上箭头指向“OFF”位置,停止发射。
9GHz雷达应答器(简称SART)
目录ARPA雷达9GHz雷达应答器(简称SART)陀螺罗经磁罗经测深仪计程仪甚高频无线电话救生艇筏双向无线电话卫星紧急无线电示位标GMDSS组合电台GMDSS船舶通信设备国际海事卫星船舶地球站GPS接收机(含DGPS)气象传真机奈伏泰斯接收机(NA VTEX)VHF DSC终端值守机综合导航仪天线备用电源基本要求1.应检查确认SART能正常地发射与接收, 性能良好。
2.SART置于TEST自测位置时,指示灯闪亮并蜂鸣器鸣响,功能正常。
在X波段雷达能够看见明显回波。
3.开航前, 主管船员必须确认SART电池的有效性。
4.检查SART安装机架是否牢固, 放、取自如。
电池在有效期内。
一般电池的有效期为4年。
9GHz雷达应答器(简称SART)ARPA雷达基本要求1.开航前,船长和雷达使用人员必须清楚地了解该雷达的真方位误差、最小作用距离、盲区和可能有的假回波情况,在雷达日志的首页应有记载这些性能的详细说明。
2.检查雷达船首线, 应满足下列要求:a.船首线显示正常, 聚焦良好;b.相对显示时, 船首线必须精确地对准显示器的零度, 误差不超过±1°;c.船首线"显示"或不"显示"的开关, 其作用应正常。
3.检查雷达测量方位的误差, 误差不超过±1°。
4.检查雷达距离误差, 应满足下列要求:a.各量程的固定距标圈数应与该雷达的设计一致;b.各量程的扫描线性应良好;c.可变距标圈的读数应与固定距标吻合;d.距标圈显示亮度的控制作用应正常。
5.雷达回波清晰,若配有性能监视器,其测得的收、发性能应符合要求。
6.雷达抗海浪干扰的控制性能应良好。
7.检查雷达天线, 其整体应牢固可靠,水密良好,运转正常,辐射面清洁;波导管及电缆应牢固完好。
8.装有两部雷达的船舶,若雷达故障,另一部雷达必须能正常工作并满足雷达基本性能要求。
9.应对阿帕(ARPA)系统做模拟操船试验, 证明系统的避碰功能正常,能正确地跟踪和处理目标,不断更新目标信息,直接给出目标的方位、距离、航向、航速以及最近点距离和到达最近点的时间。
雷达应答器操作方法
雷达应答器操作方法
雷达应答器是一种用于识别并响应雷达探测信号的设备,通常用于航空和航海领域。
以下是雷达应答器的基本操作方法:
1. 打开电源:将雷达应答器的电源开关打开,并确认电源指示灯亮起。
2. 设置应答模式:根据需要,选择适当的应答模式,如模拟模式、单纯应答模式、被动应答模式等。
3. 设置警告区:设置雷达应答器的警告区,以确保它只会在受控区域内响应雷达探测信号。
4. 监测应答器状态:定期检查雷达应答器的状态指示灯,以确保它正在正常工作。
5. 响应雷达信号:当雷达应答器接收到雷达信号时,它会发送一个反馈信号,告知信号发送者该目标的位置和其他信息。
6. 关闭电源:在使用完毕后,将雷达应答器的电源开关关闭,并确认电源指示灯已熄灭。
尽管每种雷达应答器的操作方法都会略有不同,但以上步骤可以帮助您了解如何
使用雷达应答器。
建议在使用之前阅读设备的用户手册以了解更多详细信息。
搜救雷达应答器的主要参数及安装使用注意事项
搜救雷达应答器的主要参数及安装使用注意事项1、SART的主要技术特性(1)接收与发射频率范围:9200—9500MHZ。
(2)天线极化方式:水平极化。
(3)水平波束范围:360°。
(4)垂直波束范围:相对水平面至少为±12.5°。
(5)接收灵敏度:优于-50dBM。
(6)等效全向辐射功率≥400MW(7)发射允许脉冲宽度:100µs。
(8)接收禁止脉冲宽度:105µs。
(9)扫频范围:9200—9500MHZ。
(10)扫频形式:锯齿波形,正程期:7.5µs±1µs;逆程期:0.4µs±0.1µs。
(11)扫频重复次数:100µs的发射期内重复12次。
(12)接收雷达后续触发的恢复时间≤10µs。
(13)应答延时时间≤0.5µs 。
(14)工作环境温度:-20~+55°。
(15)存放环境温度:-30~+65°。
(16)电池工作时间:在预备状态≥96h;在应答状态≥8h。
2、对搜救雷达应答器的要求(1)应便于非熟练人员操作,并装有防止意外启动的装置。
(2)应有监听和监视装置,以指示SART的工作状态和告知幸存者有无搜救船和飞机靠近他们。
(3)应人工启动和关闭,也能在紧急时自动启动。
(4)应提供非触发状态的待命工作指示。
(5)在20M高处落入水中不损坏,在10M水深中保持5min不进水。
(6)自由落入水中,能迅速自动正向立起。
(7)应有一根与SART连接的绳索,以提供给遇险目标用于固定。
(8)应抗海水等侵蚀,在长期暴露阳光下及风雨侵蚀下,技术指示不应降低。
(9)SART表面应涂桔黄色,保证具有高可见度。
(10)SART表面应光滑,以防止损坏救生艇筏物具或遇险人员的身体。
(11)SART露出海面部份的高度不应小于1m。
3、SART的日常维护和保养:(1)应尽可能保持SART的清洁,防止受异物侵蚀。
雷达应答器操作方法
RT-9雷达应答器的操作雷达应答器的的用途是为了使遇难者向行在附近的其他船舶显示出遇险人员或遇险船舶的位置。
使他们得知是否有救助船舶或飞机在靠近他们,以增强他们的获救信心。
SRT-9 SART的操作可分为自检操作和工作操作两种方式。
1. SART的自检操作为了保证S A R T始终处于正常工作状态,应对S A R T进行定期检查,本机的自检操祚方法是: ㈠就地自检的开启与关闭①将SART设备从船上的专用托架上解除下来.②将本设备所配备的电源开启专用探针{或称推杆}拿在手中。
③将专用探针插入机器中部的直径为3mm电源开关孔中,一定要插牢固,防止损坏封条,而后推动自检开关。
此时,机器将开始自捡工作,每隔2秒钟,有规律的发出声{嘀嘀}光{红色闪烁}报警。
只要符合此规律,就表明机器工作正常。
否则,就必须送到工厂维修。
自检时间一般不要超过30S。
④检查完毕后,将专用探针再插入机器中的直径为6mm的孔中,而后推动开关即可关闭机器的电源,完成了一次对机器的自检操作。
RT-9 SART的人工启动操作当船舶遇险时,MCMURDO RT-9 SART应人工启动,以准备响应9GHz雷达发射的探测脉冲。
具体操作方法是:①将SART设备从船上的专用托架上解除下来,并带上救生艇筏。
②将本设备的电源开关开启,此时,机器将开始工作,每隔大约12秒钟左右,机器将有规律的发出声{嘀嘀},光{红色闪烁}报警。
此时SART处于只收不发状态。
当有搜船舶或飞机到达本船舶附近的海面时,由于搜救船舶或飞机上的9GHz导航雷达不断地发射探测脉冲,SART对9GHz的探测脉冲进行响应。
在每一次9GHz探测脉冲作用之后,立即发12个频率变化范围在9200MHz-9500MHz的微波信号. 机器的声光报警的时间间隔将缩短, 光闪变快.③当搜救工作完毕后, 将专用探针再插入机器上的专用直径为6mm的孔中, 即可关闭机器的电源.。
搜救雷达应答器(SART)
第二节搜救雷达应答器(SART)按SOLAS公约1988年修正案规定,每艘客船和500总吨及其以上的货船,应配备两只9GHz 搜救雷达应答器;300总吨到500总吨的货船至少应配备一只9GHz搜救雷达应答器。
该项要求对于1992年2月1日以后建造的船舶,建造时配备,对于1992年2月1日以前建造的船舶,在1995年2月1日必须完成该设备的配备。
一、搜救雷达应答器的功能在GMDSS系统中,遇险船可利用各种手段进行遇险报警,报警信息中,包含遇险船舶的位置信息,但是由于受到客观原因的制约,例如遇险船舶使用的定位系统的精度等因素的影响,遇险船舶或幸存者报告的位置与实际的位置可能存在一定的误差和变化,考虑到遇上恶劣海况、浓雾或黑夜,现场搜救幸存者的工作难度很大。
为尽快发现幸存者,在GMDSS系统中,公约船都按要求配备了搜救雷达应答器(SART-Search And Rescue Radar Transponder),解决了现场搜救不易发现失事地点或幸存者的问题,使得遇险船舶、救生艇或幸存者可能被迅速发现和获救。
搜救雷达应答器是GMDSS系统中用来近距离确定遇难船舶、救生艇筏及幸存者位置的主要方式。
SART是遇险现场使用的设备,能引导搜救飞机或搜救船舶尽快地搜寻到遇险者,并可让持有SART的幸存者知道是否有救助飞机,或救助船舶在靠近他们。
二、搜救雷达应答器的组成及各部分作用搜救雷达应答器实际上是一个被动触发式的雷达信号产生器,该设备开启后,在没有被雷达信号触发前,设备处于接收状态,当被3cm导航雷达波触发以后,应答一个雷达信号,在导航雷达上显示一连串的点,使搜救船舶和飞机非常容易就能够发现和辨别。
设备共有天线、环行器(环路器)、接收机、扫频器和发射机组成,组成图见7-11。
接收机实际上是一个宽带接收机,工作在9GHz,可以接收3公分雷达(9GHz雷达)的脉冲波,接收机接收到雷达脉冲后,产生100微秒左右的方波,控制扫频器和发射机工作。
船舶通讯SART
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注意事项
操作SART设备时,船员应保持冷静,避免因操作失误导致设备无法正常工作。同时,应确保设备电池电量充足, 以便在紧急情况下能够持续工作。
维护与保养
定期检查
船员应定期对SART设备进行检查,包括外观、电源、开关等部件, 确保设备正常工作。
清洁与保养
SART设备应定期进行清洁和保养,以保持其良好的工作状态。同 时,应定期更换电池,以确保设备在紧急情况下能够正常工作。
通过集成AI技术,实现SART设 备的智能识别、自动报警等功能, 提高搜救效率。
采用模块化设计理念,便于 SART设备的维护和升级,降低 使用成本。
应用领域的拓展
海洋工程领域
随着海洋资源的开发利用,SART 设备在海洋工程领域的应用逐渐 增多,如海上风电、石油平台等。
渔业领域
在渔业生产中,SART设备能够提 高渔船的定位精度和搜救效率, 保障渔民的生命安全。
存储
在非使用期间,SART设备应存放在干燥、通风的地方,避免阳光直 射和高温环境。
03
SART设备的局限性
适用范围与限制
适用范围
SART设备主要用于船舶在海上遇险时, 通过雷达信号向搜救部门发送求救信号 。
VS
适用限制
SART设备只能在雷达覆盖范围内使用, 且受天气、海况等因素影响较大,信号可 能被干扰或无法有效传递。
升级技术
研发和采用更先进的技术,提 高SART设备的抗干扰能力和稳 定性。
加强监管
加强对海上雷达设备的监管, 减少对SART设备的干扰和误报
。
04
搜救雷达应答器(SART)简介
搜救雷达应答器(SART)简介看完本帖之后,你将会对搜救雷达应答器有全新的认识。
废话不多说,直接上干货!!!搜救雷达应答器SART—SearchandRescueRadarTransponder。
在大。
靠近他们。
搜救雷达应答器实际上是一个被动触发式的雷达信号产生器,当船舶在海上遇险,由人工启动使其处于待命状态,在没有被雷达信号触发前,设备处于接收状态,当被9GHzX-band导航雷达波触发以后,应答一个雷达信号,以在9GHz的雷达屏幕上形成有12个菱形辉点组成的直线来显示遇险者的相对方位,使搜救船舶和飞机非常容易就能够发现和辨别。
SART标志信号在雷达显示器上的视觉效果,如下图所示。
其中(a)图描述的是双方距离较远时的情形。
随着双方距离渐进,雷达所收到的SART信号也逐渐增强,因而在大光点附近会逐渐出现小光点。
这主要是SART应答雷达波的回扫信号SART(b其频率加快,随距离渐近,周期渐短,直至变成连续的声响,此时表明搜救雷达已经近在咫尺了。
若听到几种不同音调的声响时,则可断定有多个救援船舶或飞机到达。
二、SART技术指标1.电池要求能够待机96h,遇到雷达的反射波后要连续发射8h,有效范围不但能对5nmile以内的,离海面15m高的船用雷达起反应,而且能够对3000英尺高、30nmile以内的、10KW的飞机雷达起反应。
2.能从20m高落入水中而不损坏;3.在10m深水处,至少保持5min而不进水;4.单独落入水中,应能自动正向立起,指示灯在上面;所有。
该搜筏以外的所有救生艇筏上。
也可以在每艘救生艇筏(第31.1.4条要求的救生艇筏除外)安置一个搜救雷达应答器。
至少配备两个搜救雷达应答器,配备有自落式救生艇的船舶须在自落式救生艇中安置一个搜救雷达应答器并将另一个搜救定定位装置安置于最靠近驾驶台的地方以便于在船上使用并转移到另一艘救生艇筏上。
上图为配备在自降落式救生艇内的SART以及发光标识上图为安装在驾驶室的SART及发光标识搜救雷达应答器的搜索与救助功能主要体现在以下两个方面:1、在搜救船舶或直升机上的导航雷达探测脉冲作用下,搜救雷达应答器发射的信号能使搜救船舶或直升机上的导航雷达显示器上显示搜救雷达应答器的确切位置;2。
E5操作及安装简介
欢 迎 使 用英国McMurdo马克默多 海上安全设备系列双向无线电话R1 Two way VHF radio 双向无线电话R2 Two way VHF radio 雷达应答器S4 SART应急示位标E5 406MHz EPIRB个人应急示位标FASTFAND PLUS PLB 航行告警接收机NAV7 NAVTEX静水压力释放器HRU breaktHRU系列安全灯具Lights Series紧急指示灯和烟幕标识器Manoverboard如对McMurdo产品有兴趣,请洽询当地经销商McMurdo马克默多E5应急示位标安装及操作简介一. 安装:E5应急示位标应水平或垂直安装在船上甲板上,用螺丝固定,其上方不应有任何物品遮挡,以便于在紧急情况下示位标能够不受阻挡地浮至水面。
安装时,请打开外罩,确保E5主机正确放置并卡紧在其位置上,防止左右摇动,脱离磁性开关的控制。
安装时还应注意要在HRU(静水压力释放器)的黄色标签上标注其有效日期(用小刀割开或用记号笔标记),并填写在E5外罩上侧面的标签上(如图所示位置)。
HRU有效日期为从装船日期起算两年。
二. 工作原理:该示位标属于自浮式。
一旦船舶遇险下沉,示位标随船沉入水中后,在沉入4米深度之前,E5就会自动从外罩释放出来,浮出水面,与此同时水敏开关遇水导通,示位标就会闪烁并开始自动发射求救信号。
以上为E5的自动启动模式。
有时船只遇险但并未沉没时,需要进行人工操作发射求救信号。
首先需要拔掉外罩上方的金属插销,打开外罩,取出示位标,向上揭开红色开关保护罩,按住“PRESS ”按钮,并将开关推向最左边,直至示位标闪光灯闪烁,表示示位标已开始工作。
三. 停止发射:请将示位标拿离水面擦干,使水敏开关变干,这约需8秒才能关上水敏开关。
把开关推回最右边此时示位标闪光灯停止闪烁。
将示位标放回支架上,重新罩上外罩。
四. 日常检查:用户应每月按时对E5检查。
检查的内容应包括:1. 外观有无损害,有无进水。
雷达操作
海上勘探事业部船舶中心
03/2011
目录
一 二 三 四 雷达操作 雷达观察 ARP操作 ARP操作 AIS操作 AIS操作
一、雷达操作
1.1 打开电源 位于控制单元的左角。 开关护盖, ) 位于控制单元的左角。打开 POWER 开关护盖,按开关开启雷达
[POWER] 开关 (
系统。再次按开关可关闭雷达。 秒内, 系统。再次按开关可关闭雷达。打开电源后大约 30 秒内,屏幕上会显示方位刻度和数字计 时器。计时器将倒计时三分钟的预热时间。磁控管(即发射管)将在这段时间内预热, 时器。计时器将倒计时三分钟的预热时间。磁控管(即发射管)将在这段时间内预热,以备 发射。当计时器数到“0:00 时 屏幕中间会显示“ST-BY” 待机) 发射。当计时器数到“0:00”时,屏幕中间会显示“ST-BY (待机) ,表示雷达随时可以 发 射脉冲。 在待机状态下,不显示标记、距离圈、地图、图表等等。而且, 射脉冲。 在待机状态下,不显示标记、距离圈、地图、图表等等。而且,取消 ARP 并清 显示。在预热和待机条件下,以小时和十分之一小时计算的“ TIME”和 除 AIS 显示。在预热和待机条件下,以小时和十分之一小时计算的“ON TIME 和“TX TIME” TIME 出现在屏幕中央。 出现在屏幕中央。
一、雷达操作
1.9 调整灵敏度
增益控制按钮可以调整接收器的灵敏度。 增益控制按钮可以调整接收器的灵敏度。 当背景噪讯刚好在屏幕上可见,此时的设置最合适。设置的灵敏度太低, 当背景噪讯刚好在屏幕上可见,此时的设置最合适。设置的灵敏度太低,会丢失较弱的回波 。另一方面,灵敏度过高则会产生太多的背景噪讯;信号较强的目标可能会因所需回波和显 另一方面,灵敏度过高则会产生太多的背景噪讯; 示屏上背景噪讯之间的对比过度过低而丢失。 示屏上背景噪讯之间的对比过度过低而丢失。 要调节接收器的灵敏度,调整增益控制按钮,使背景噪讯刚好在屏幕上可见。 要调节接收器的灵敏度,调整增益控制按钮,使背景噪讯刚好在屏幕上可见。 操纵键盘 监视屏幕顶部增益级别指示符的同时, [GAIN](增益)控制按钮, 敏度。 监视屏幕顶部增益级别指示符的同时,操纵 [GAIN](增益)控制按钮,调整灵 敏度。 操纵跟踪球 转动跟踪球,将箭头置于屏幕顶部的增益级别指示器内。 转动跟踪球,将箭头置于屏幕顶部的增益级别指示器内。
FURUNO FR-2125 雷达操作说明
FURUNO FR-2125 雷达操作说明第一部分雷达操作一开机电源开关[POWER]位于控制面版的左上角,按此键可开/关机。
开机后,在约15秒内,荧光屏显示方位圈及数字计时器。
计时器进行3分钟的倒计时,以便对磁控管进行预热。
当计时器到达0:00时,显示荧光屏上显示STBY,表示已处于备妥状态。
在预热及预备状态下,荧光屏显示BRG SIG MISSING (方位信号丢失),还是正常现象,因为天线不转,没有方位(水平)信号产生。
荧光屏底部显示ON TIME 及TX TIME 表示雷达的开机时间及发射时间。
二发射当荧光屏上显示备妥状态时,按控制面板上的[STBY/TX]。
雷达开机时,初始设定为上次使用过的量程及脉冲宽度。
其他参数如屏幕亮度,活动距标圈,电子方位线和菜单中的任选项也设置为上次使用时的设置。
发射开关可使雷达处于预备或发射状态,在发射状态下,天线转动;预备状态下,天线不转。
快速启动:假设雷达刚刚使用过,磁控管仍热,则不需要3分钟预热时间就可使雷达在发射状态工作。
如因操作失误等类似原因关掉了雷达,而又想立即使用,则可以在关机10秒内开机,以快速启动。
注意:1 如在发射状态下,雷达天线不转,请检查控制面板左下角的天线开关是否放在关(OFF)的位置。
2 磁控管老化可导致输出功率下降,为延长其寿命,建议在一段时间内不使用雷达时,将雷达放置在预备状态。
三控制面板[BRILLIANCE] 调整整个荧光屏的亮度[A/C RAIN] 雨雪干扰抑制[A/C SEA] 海浪干扰抑制[GAIN] 增益调节[EBL] 开/关电子方位线,按[ON]键,可在EBL1,EBL2间转换[#1][#2][#3][#4] 功能键[RANGE] 量程[STBY/TX] 发射/预备[VRM] 开/关活动距标圈,按[]键,可在VRM1,VRM2间转换[AUDIO OFF] 确认声音报警,对视觉报警无效[RADAR MENU] 雷达菜单,为雷达操作和雷达图象设置参数[NA V MENU] 设定航行信息参数[PLOT MENU] 雷达绘图菜单[MODE] 选择显示模式,如艏向上,艏船上真方位,北向上,航向向上及真运动[PANEL BRILL] 控制面板的亮度调节[HL OFF] 暂时消除船艏线[OFF-CENTER] 启动或取消本船位置的偏心显示[EBL OFFSET] 启动或取消电子方位线的偏心显示[CU,TM RESET] 将艏线复位到000度,艏向上显示模式。
雷达应答器操作须知
玉龙岭单船操作规程
雷达应答器操作须知
一、船舶遇险操作步骤
当船舶遇险时,从机身上拉断红色保险销,顺时针方向旋转开关环至标有‘1’的ON位置即开始发射。
拔掉黑色可伸缩枝干底部的橡胶盖,拉出黑色枝干并拉出S4机身底部的细绳,将S4系在救生筏或救生艇适当的位置。
注意:S4的安装位置需在雷达波束的扫描范围外且与罗经的安装距离至少1.5米。
需要安装在救生筏时,用力从连接件边槽中拨开支撑杆,拿掉支撑杆顶
端黑色小盖,拉长支撑杆并旋转拧紧,用力插入连接件底部插入孔,将
支撑杆底座与救生筏固定在一起。
注意位置S4于救生筏最高点。
二、自检测试
逆时针方向(向右)旋转开关圈至“TEST”测试位置且按住保持在此位置:
①如果该S4雷达应答器收到雷达信号时,S4机身底部的红灯将连续亮着,且
每2秒钟发出“哗”的声音,表示本台S4通过自检。
②如果该S4雷达应答器没有收到雷达信号,S4机身底部的红灯每隔2秒闪烁
一次,且无任何声音。
③测试完毕,松开开关圈至OFF位置即可
注意:自检测试只能进行几秒钟,不能持续太长时间,以免为附近船只上的雷达侦探到信号引起误会。
编制:审核:批准:
日期:日期:日期:。
搜救雷达应答器SART的安装与操作
【知识链接】
• 2. SART使用 • SART平时是以关机状态保存在容器中,安装在驾驶室两侧容易接触
到的地方。在船舶遇险时从安装容器中取出SART,开机放置在 “STAND BY”处(有的设备标识为“ON”).如果在母船上用,应把 SART安装在罗经甲板的栏杆上;如果是弃船,应由专人把它带到救生 艇(筏)上,尽量安装在高处;也可由幸存者手持,或者安放在遇险船的 船舷上,作为出事点的标志。 • SART开启后,准备应答搜救船舶或者搜救飞机的雷达触发信号。 • 3.搜寻SART信号应注意的问题 • 在海上救助时,使用雷达搜寻遇险者的SART信号应注意以下几个问 题。
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【知识链接】
• 2. SART的维护保养 • 一般每4年由SART的代理商,对设备的工作情况进行1次全面的检查,
并更换电池。更换SART电池的工作,只能由委托的代理去做,并由 其处理旧电池,同时注意如下事项。①不要企图打开该机;②不要对 电池充电;③不要将电池扔进火中;④不要将电池放在70℃以上的地方; ⑤不要短路电池;⑥如果除试验以外的其他原因,使用了SART,不管 发射时间多长,不管是否到了电池更换期限,都必须更换电池。
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【知识链接】
• (9)单独落入水中,应能自动正向立起,指示灯在上面; • (10)应有一根与SART连接的浮动绳索,以提供遇难幸存者系在身上
使用; • (11)应能抗海水和油的侵蚀; • (12)长期暴露在阳光下及在风雨侵蚀下,技术指标不应降低; • (13)所有表面应呈可见度高的橘黄色; • (14)外围构造平滑,以防止损伤救生筏和遇难幸存者。
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【知识链接】
• 3.其他要求 • 满足CCIR一628建议的SART的其他技术性能如下所述。 • (1)频率范围:9 200~9 500 MHz • (2)极化方式:水平极化。 • (3)扫描形式:锯齿线性变化的扫描频率发射。 • (4)脉冲持续时间:每次响应,扫描发射12次,约100 ms • (5)有效全向辐射功率(EIRP):大于400 mW • (6)有效接收灵敏度:优于-50 dBmW • (7)恢复时间:在10 m*以内。 • (8)响应延迟时间:小于0. 5 ms • (9)工作温度范围:- 30℃-+65℃储存;- 20℃~+55℃工作。
RT-10 搜救雷达应答器 (SART)说明书
RT-10搜救雷达应答器 (SART )用户手册中国上海印刷(2005年9月)GMDSS上海聚祥电子通信设备有限公司ww w.j ux i an g di a nz i .co m电话:28631117紧急操作步骤© 版权所有 中国上海印刷(2005年9月)上海聚祥电子通信设备有限公司 w w w .j u x i a n g d i a n z i .c o m 电话:28631117目录- 1 -上海聚祥电子通信设备有限公司 w w w .j u x i a n g d i a n z i .c om电话:28631117介绍- 2 -上海聚祥电子通信设备有限公司 w w w .j u x i a n g d i a n z i .c om电话:28631117工作原理- 3 -上海聚祥电子通信设备有限公司 w w w .j u x i a n g d i a n z i .c om电话:28631117操作步骤- 4 -上海聚祥电子通信设备有限公司 w w w .j u x i a n g d i a n z i .c om电话:28631117操作步骤(续)- 5 -上海聚祥电子通信设备有限公司 w w w .j u x i a n g d i a n z i .c om电话:28631117安装- 6 -上海聚祥电子通信设备有限公司 w w w .j u x i a n g d i a n z i .c om电话:28631117定期测试- 7 -上海聚祥电子通信设备有限公司 w w w .j u x i a n g d i a n z i .c om电话:28631117定期测试(续)- 8 -上海聚祥电子通信设备有限公司 w w w .j u x i a n g d i a n z i .c om电话:28631117技术规格- 9 -上海聚祥电子通信设备有限公司 w w w .j u x i a n g d i a n z i .c om电话:28631117交货前检查记录- 10 -上海聚祥电子通信设备有限公司ww w.j ux i an g di a nz i .co m电话:28631117定期检查记录- 11 -上海聚祥电子通信设备有限公司ww w.j ux i an g di a nz i .co m电话:28631117定期检查记录- 12 -上海聚祥电子通信设备有限公司ww w.j ux i an g di a nz i .co m电话:28631117定期检查记录- 13 -上海聚祥电子通信设备有限公司ww w.j ux i an g di a nz i .co m电话:28631117定期检查记录- 14 -上海聚祥电子通信设备有限公司ww w.j ux i an g di a nz i .co m电话:28631117SART 安装记录- 15 -上海聚祥电子通信设备有限公司 w w w .j u x i a n g d i a n z i .c om电话:28631117SART 安装记录- 16 -上海聚祥电子通信设备有限公司 w w w .j u x i a n g d i a n z i .c om电话:28631117SART 安装记录- 17 -上海聚祥电子通信设备有限公司 w w w .j u x i a n g d i a n z i .c om电话:28631117SART 安装记录- 18 -上海聚祥电子通信设备有限公司 w w w .j u x i a n g d i a n z i .c om电话:28631117保修- 19 -上海聚祥电子通信设备有限公司 w w w .j u x i a n g d i a n z i .c om电话:28631117版权所有总部:韩国釜山广域市影岛区南港洞3街141-37 邮编:606033电话:82-51-6009000传真:82-51-6009090网址:型 号 :RT-10 SART型式认可 :序 列 号 :上海聚祥电子通信设备有限公司ww w.j ux i an g di。
雷达应答器的使用
雷达应答器的使用
雷达应答器的使用
1. 从容器中取出SART。
2. SART的底座有一个黑色圆环工作开关。
平时,工作开关被锁定
在①的位置,在这个位置上SART处在“OFF”位。
不工作;标有②
的位置,下面有”TEST”标志,表示试验位置;标有③的位置,下面“ON”标志。
表示工作位置。
3. 遇险时拔出工作开关的锁定插锁,工作开关自动旋转到“ON”的
位置, SART被启动。
这时该机的天线底部黑色圆环附近有
一红色的指示灯亮,指示本机已处于预备状态,准备响应9G雷达信号。
4. 按下列几种情况放置已启动的SART:
1 如果船舶遇险而不弃船,将开启的SART放在一个开阔地带,并
适当固定。
2 如果船舶遇险后落水人员携带开启的SART,应将系绳展开,以
防止人体挡住信号的接受和发射。
3 如果船舶遇险后弃船,在救生筏上使用开启的SARTS时,一般
在救生筏的天窗附近由厂方固定一个橡皮座,这样可以方便将
该SART安置在救生筏的天窗附近。
5.开启的SART,一旦受到9GHZ频段的航海雷达信号,立即由预备状态转到发射状态,发射12次响应信号,同时顶部的8个红色指示灯闪亮,蜂鸣器开始蜂鸣。
注意指示灯和蜂鸣器的变化,判断是否有救助船驶来。
雷达应答器用户手册
S4 RESCUESARTS earch A nd R escue T ransponderUser GuideCONTENTS Warnings (1)General description (2)SART principle of operation (2)Installation (4)SART General Assembly (5)Operating instructions (6)Self test facility (7)Battery replacement (7)Technical description (8)Function chart (8)Fault Finding (8)Servicing (8)Dimensions (9)Operation of marine radar for SART detection (10)Radar Range Scale (10)SART Range Errors (10)Radar Bandwidth (10)Radar Side Lobes (10)Detuning the Radar (10)Gain (10)Anti-Clutter Sea Control (11)Anti-Clutter Rain Control (11)Technical Specification (12)Declaration of Conformity (13)Limited Product Warranty (15)Warnings•This SART is an emergency device for use only in situations of grave and imminent danger.•False alarms cost lives and money. Help to prevent them;understand how to activate and disable your equipment.•Read the complete manual before installing, testing or using the SART.•The SART contains no user servicable parts. Return to your dealer for service.•Dispose of this device safely. Contents include Lithium batteries; do not incinerate, puncture, deform or short-circuit.•This device emits radio frequency radiation when activated.Because of the levels and duty cycles, such radiation is not classed as harmful. However, it is recommended that you do not hold the radome while the SART is activated.•If the security tab is broken, the SART is not compliant with SOLAS regulations and must be repaired or replaced.TransportationBecause it contains a primary non-rechargeable Lithium battery, the SART may have special transportation requirements depending on local and international regulations in force at the time.The battery pack contains 6.2g Lithium in total. Transport the SART in compliance with applicable regulations for this mass of hazardous material. For further information refer to the McMurdo website 1General descriptionThe SART (S earch A nd R escue T ransponder) is designed for survivor location during search and rescue operations.CARRY-OFF SARTSupplied as one integral unit. This is normally mounted in a bulkhead bracket (supplied) which is used to stow the unit on the mother vessel. On abandoning to a survival craft the SART can be carried in one hand off the stricken vessel and mounted through a port in the canopy of the survival craft using the telescopic pole.The main body of the SART is high visibility orange thermoplastic, attached to the sealed replaceable battery pack by stainless steel fastenings. The joint is sealed against water ingress by an O-ring.Operation is by a rotating switch ring providing ON, OFF and TEST functions. The ON position is reached by breaking a security tab. The switch ring is spring loaded so that it returns automatically from the TEST position.The Lithium battery is fitted with internal overload protection and has a five year storage life. Non-reversible electrical connections are provided in the SART body and battery pack to facilitate battery replacement.Each SART carries a unique serial number on the label on the orange body.LIFERAFT SARTSupplied with or without mast. Normally is packed as part of the liferaft equipment. The mast version is mounted in the same manner as the carry-off version; the version without the mast is intended to be hung from the highest point inside the liferaft.The SART itself is identical with the carry-off version.SART principle of operationActuating a SART enables a survival craft to show up on a search vessel's radar display as an easily recognised series of dots.RADAR (radio detection and ranging) is a device carried by most ships which is used to determine the presence and location of an object by measuring the time for the echo of a radio wave to return from it, and the direction from which it returns.A typical ship's radar will transmit a stream of high power pulses on a fixed frequency anywhere between 9.2GHz and 9.5GHz. It will collect the echoes received on the same frequency using a display known as a Plan Position Indicator (PPI), which shows the ship itself at the centre of the screen, with the echoes dotted around it. Echoes further from the centre of the screen are thus further from the ship and the relative or true bearing of each echo can be easily seen.2The SART operates by receiving a pulse from the search radar and sending back a series of pulses in response, which the radar will then display as if they were normal echoes. The first return pulse, if it sent back immediately, will appear in the same place on the PPI as a normal echo would have done. Subsequent pulses, being slightly delayed, appear to the radar like echoes from objects further away. A series of dots is therefore shown, leading away from the position of the SART. This distinctive pattern is much easier to spot than a single echo such as from a radar reflector. Moreover, the fact that the SART is actually a transmitter means that the return pulses can be as strong as echoes received from much larger objects.A complication arises from the need for the SART to respond to radars which may be operating at any frequency within the 9GHz band. The method chosen for the SART is to use a wideband receiver (which will pick up any radar pulses in the band), in conjunction with a swept frequency transmitter. Each radar pulse received by the SART results in a transmission consisting of 12 forward and return sweeps through the range 9.2GHz to 9.5GHz. The radar will only respond to returns close to its own frequency of operation (ie. within its receive bandwidth), so a "pulse" is produced at the radar input each time the SART sweep passes through the correct frequency. The text and diagrams on Pages 10 & 11 show this in more detail.A slow sweep would give the radar a stronger echo to deal with as the sweep would be inside the operating bandwidth for a longer period. The delay for the sweep to reach the operating frequency may however lead to an unacceptable range error, as delayed echoes appear to be coming from more distant objects.To minimise this problem, the SART uses a "sawtooth" response, sweeping quickly, then slowly for each of its twelve forward and return sweeps. At long range, only the slow sweeps, giving the strongest returns, are picked up. At close range, where errors are more important, the fast sweeps are also detected. As the first sweep is a fast one, then the range error is minimised and should be less than 150 metres.The timescale over which all this occurs is very short. Each "fast" sweep takes about 0.4µs, each "slow" sweep about 7.5µs. The complete series of twelve forward and return sweeps is therefore complete within 100µs. Displayed on the PPI, the spacing between each pair of dots will be 0.6 nautical miles.On a long range setting, a typical radar will be triggering the SART every millisecond - but only during the period that the rotating radar scanner is pointing in the correct direction. Most modern radars use sophisticated noise rejection techniques, which prevent the display of echoes which are not synchronized with the radar's own transmissions, so one radar will not normally be confused by a SART's response to a neighbouring radar.The SART indicates that it has been triggered by lighting an indicator LED continuously (it flashes in standby mode) and by sounding an integral buzzer. If no radar pulses are detected for a period exceeding 15 seconds, the SART reverts to "standby" mode.3InstallationThe preferred mounting location is inside the vessel, and protected from the elements, usually on the ship’s bridge wing. The SART should be mounted where it will not get in the way of day-to-day operations, but where it can readily be accessed near an emergency exit in the event it is needed.Do not install the SART within the ship's radar beam.Fix the mounting bracket to a bulkhead in a convenient location. The recommended fixing is by M5 marine grade stainless steel (eg A4/316) bolts; length is dependent upon application. The bolts should be secured with either stainless steel locking nuts or stainless steel nuts with stainless steel shakeproof washers.Mount the SART, dome uppermost, onto the bracket by locating the lugs on the SART pole mount into the slots in the bracket. Push down the SART into place.Figure 1Bracket mounting holes: 4 holes, 5.5mm diameter.NOTE: Safe compass distance 1.5m.4SART General AssemblyRadomeMountingpole BulkheadMountingbracket56Operating instructionsRemove from bulkhead bracket:Release clip and lift SART from bracketTo switch on:Break the security tab away from the body of the SARTRotate the switch ring clockwise (ie to the left) to the ON position marked by “1”To extend the telescopic pole:1. Grasp rubber cover at bottom of pole, and twist the pole to release itin the pole mount. Pull the pole down and twist to lock in place in thepole mount2. Remove rubber cover from bottom of pole; allow pole sections todrop. Lock sections together by twisting each section.To deploy in a survival craft (liferaft):Extend the SART supporting pole as detailed aboveTether the SART to a suitable point using the lanyard which unwinds from its base.Inset the SART through the port in the canopyPosition the bottom of the support pole in the antenna pocketSecure the pole to the canopy support.Some survival craft have the SART already packed as part of the inventory. In general, these models of SART are not fitted with the support pole. The SARTshould be switched ON then suspended by its top loop from the highest point of the survival craft.If the lanyard becomes unwound, it may be rewound by rotating the spool in thebase of the SART in the direction of the arrow. Switch ringSecurity tab7 Self test facility Regular testing of the SART is advised. The duration of the test should be limited to as short a time as possible as the SART response may be received by other vessels which are within range.There are no operational differences between TEST and ON modes; the rotary switch must be held in the TEST position, on release it returns to the OFF position.1. Ensure compliance with all applicable Health and Safety instructions when working in proximity to a radar transmitter.2. Locate the SART within the line of sight of an operating approved marine Radar.3. Rotate the switch ring anticlockwise (ie to the right) to the TEST position, and hold it in this position.a) If the SART responds to the radar, the red light in the base of the SART will be continuously lit and the buzzer will sound every 2 seconds.b) If the SART does not respond to the radar, the red light will flash every 2 seconds and the buzzer will not sound.The SART must respond to the radar to pass the test.4. Switch off the SART by releasing the switch ring; check that it returns fully to the OFF position.5. During the annual survey, perform the self test and verify the SART performance by observing the response on the radar.Battery replacement The battery should be changed 5 years from the date of manufacture shown on the label or after use.It is recommended that battery change should only be performed by an authorised McMurdo service agent, in order that a complete assessment and integrity check can be performed. The replacement battery kit is McMurdo part number 86-630 and contains all necessary components. Indicator lightTESTTechnical descriptionA single switched antenna is used for both receive and transmit functions; the switch normally connects the antenna to the receiver circuit. In the standby state only the receiver portion of the SART is powered to reduce battery consu mption to a minimum. In this condition the indicator circuit causes the LED to flash once every two seconds.On receipt of a radar pulse the video amplifier and detector circuit causes the rest of the circuitry to become active and the unit switches to transmit mode. In this condition the indicator circuit causes the LED to remain steady and the buzzer to sound every two seconds.The detection of a radar pulse causes the switch to connect the antenna to the transmitter circuit. The output stage is fed by a Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO), whose frequency is determined by a sweep generator. When triggered by the detector the sweep generator turns on the VCO and causes it to produce exactly 12 forward and reverse frequency sweeps before shutting down again.If no radar pulses are detected for a period of 15 seconds the unit reverts to standby mode.Function chartSART STATUS BUZZER RED LEDOFF OFF OFFSTANDBY MODE (TEST or ON) OFF FLASHINGEVERY 2 SECONDSACTIVELY TRANSPONDING (TEST or ON)ONEVERY 2 SECONDSONFault FindingFault finding is limited to performing the self test and verifying the SART response on the radar.ServicingThe SART contains no user-serviceable parts, and consequently should be returned to an authorised McMurdo service agent for repair. Ensure compliance with the appropriate regulations for transportation of Lithium material, as detailed in the Transportation section on the front inside cover.8DimensionsOperation of marine radar for SART detection Radar Range ScaleWhen looking for a SART it is preferable to use a range scale between 6 and 12 nautical miles. This is because the spacing between the SART responses is about 0.6 nautical miles (1125 metres) and it is necessary to see a number of responses to distinguish the SART from other responses.SART Range ErrorsThere are inherent delays in the SART responses; the SART has a trigger delay and may also have to sweep through the whole radar band before reaching the frequency of the search radar. At medium ranges of about 6 nautical miles the range delay may be between about 150 metres and 0.6 nautical miles beyond the SART position. As the SART is approached the radar delay of the first dot should be no more than 150 metres beyond the SART position.Radar BandwidthThis is normally matched to the radar pulse length and is usually switched with the range scale and the associated pulse length. Narrow bandwidths of 3.5MHz are used with long pulses on long range and wide bandwidths of 10-25MHz with short pulse s on short ranges. Any radar bandwidth of less than 5MHz will attenuate the SART signal slightly so it is preferable to use a medium bandwidth to ensure optimum detection of the SART. The Radar operating manual should be consulted about the particular radar parameters and bandwidth selection.Radar Side LobesAs the SART is approached side lobes from the antenna may show the SART responses as a series of arcs or concentric rings. These can be removed by the use of the anti-clutter sea control although it m ay be operationally useful to observe the side lobes as these will confirm that the SART is near to the ship.Detuning the RadarTo increase the visibility of the SART in clutter conditions the radar may be detuned to reduce the clutter without reducing the SART response. Radar with automatic frequency control may not permit manual detuning of the equipment. Care should be taken in operating the radar detuned, as other wanted navigational and anti-collision information may be removed. The tuning should be returned to normal operation as soon as possible.GainFor maximum range SART detection the normal maximum gain should be used.Anti-Clutter Sea ControlFor optimum range SART detection this control should be set to the minimum. Care should be exercised as targets in sea clutter may be obscured. Some radar sets have automatic/manual anti-clutter sea control facilities in which case the operator should switch to manual.Anti-Clutter Rain ControlThis should not be used when trying to detect SARTs as the SART responses may be removed by this control. Some sets have automatic/manual anti-clutter rain control facilities in which case the operator should switch to manual.Radar DisplaysThese sketches show the appearance of a SART response at different ranges.SART response from distant liferaft (5-6 miles) SART responsefrom liferaft atmedium range (2-3miles).Note widening of“echos”SART responseclose to vessel(<1 mile).Display nowshows “rings”caused bystrength ofsignalTechnical SpecificationFREQUENCY: 9.2GHz - 9.5GHzPOLARIZATION: HorizontalSWEEP RATE: 5µs per 200MHz nominalRESPONSE12 sweepsSIGNAL:FORM OF SWEEP: Forward: 7.5µs ± 1µsReverse: 0.4µs ± 0.1µsPULSE EMISSION: 100µs nominalEIRP: >400mW (+26dBm)RX SENSITIVITY: Better than –50dBm (0.1 mW/m2) (Note 1) DURATION: 96 hours in standby condition followed by a minimum 8hours of transmission while being continuouslyinterrogated with a pulse repetition frequency of 1kHz. TEMP RANGE: Operating: -200C to +550CStorage: -300C to +650CRECOVERY TIME: Following excitation: 10µs or lessANTENNA HEIGHT: Greater or equal to 1m (Note 2)RESPONSE DELAY: 0.5µs or lessANTENNA BEAM: Vertical: +/-12.5 degreesAzimuth: Omnidirectional to +/-2dBWEIGHT: SART only: 360gSART + pole: 510gSART complete:530gDIMENSIONS: Overall, in bracket: 283 x 101 x 90mm BUOYANCY: BuoyantNote1. Effective receiver sensitivity includes antenna gain.2. The effective antenna height applies to equipment required to meetRegulation 6.2.2 of Chapter III and 7.1.3 and 8.3.1 of Chapter IV ofthe 1988 Amendments to the 1974 SOLAS Convention.StandardsComplies with IMO Resolution A.802(19)Test and Approval Standards are specified on the Declaration of Conformity following.Declaration of ConformityDeclaration of Conformity (page 2)Limited Product WarrantySubject to the provisions set out below McMurdo Limited warrants that this product will be free of defects in materials and workmanship for a period of 12 months from the date of purchase.McMurdo Limited will not be liable to the buyer under the above warranty:-•for any defect arising from fair wear and tear, wilful damage, negligence, abnormal working conditions, failure to follow McMurdo Limited's instructions (whether oral or in writing) including a failure to install properly and/or to use batteries recommended and/or supplied by McMurdo Limited, misuse or alterations or repair of the product by persons other than McMurdo Limited or an Approved Service Agent;•for parts, materials or equipment not manufactured by McMurdo Limited in respect of which the buyer shall only be entitled to the benefit of any warranty or guarantee given by the manufacturer to McMurdo Limited;•for the battery storage life which is specifically excluded from this warranty;•if the total price for the product has not been paid.McMurdo Limited does not make any other promises or warranties (express, implied or statutory) about the product except where the product is sold to a consumer in which case the statutory rights of a consumer are not to be affected.In order to be valid, claims must be made under the above warranty in writing as soon as practicable after discovery of the defect or failure and within the warranty period referred to above. Proof of purchase will be required. The claim should be sent together with the product in question to the address set out below or to an Approved Service Agent.Following a valid warranty claim McMurdo Limited shall be entitled to repair or replace the product (or part) in question free of charge, or at McMurdo Limited's sole discretion to refund to the buyer the price of the product (or a proportional part of the price). McMurdo Limited shall not be liable to a buyer who is not a consumer for any other loss or damage (whether indirect, special or consequential loss of profit or otherwise) costs, expenses or other claims for compensation which arise out of or in connection with this product. In the case of a consumer McMurdo Limited shall only be liable where other loss or damage is foreseeable.Nothing shall limit McMurdo Limited's liability for death or personal injury caused by its negligence.This warranty is to be interpreted under English law.All enquiries relating to this warranty or Approved Service Agents should be sent to: McMurdo LimitedSilver Point, Airport Service Road, Portsmouth, Hampshire, PO3 5PB UK Telephone: Int + 44 (0) 23 9262 3900 Fax: Int + 44 (0) 23 9262 3998 Web: Email: service@User NotesThis page contains no other data86-920-001 Issue 3。
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RT-9雷达应答器的操作
雷达应答器的的用途是为了使遇难者向行在附近的其他船舶显示出遇险人员或遇险船舶的位置。
使他们得知是否有救助船舶或飞机在靠近他们,以增强他们的获救信心。
SRT-9 SART的操作可分为自检操作和工作操作两种方式。
1. SART的自检操作
为了保证S A R T始终处于正常工作状态,应对S A R T进行定期检查,本机的自检操祚方法是: ㈠就地自检的开启与关闭
①将SART设备从船上的专用托架上解除下来.
②将本设备所配备的电源开启专用探针{或称推杆}拿在手中。
③将专用探针插入机器中部的直径为3mm电源开关孔中,一定要插牢固,防止损坏封条,而后推动自检开关。
此时,机器将开始自捡工作,每隔2秒钟,有规律的发出声{嘀嘀}光{红色闪烁}报警。
只要符合此规律,就表明机器工作正常。
否则,就必须送到工厂维修。
自检时间一般不要超过30S。
④检查完毕后,将专用探针再插入机器中的直径为6mm的孔中,而后推动开关即可关闭机器的电源,完成了一次对机器的自检操作。
RT-9 SART的人工启动操作
当船舶遇险时,MCMURDO RT-9 SART应人工启动,以准备响应9GHz雷达发射的探测脉冲。
具体操作方法是:
①将SART设备从船上的专用托架上解除下来,并带上救生艇筏。
②将本设备的电源开关开启,此时,机器将开始工作,每隔大约12秒钟左右,机器将有规律的发出声{嘀嘀},光{红色闪烁}报警。
此时SART处于只收不发状态。
当有搜船舶或飞机到达本船舶附近的海面时,由于搜救船舶或飞机上的9GHz导航雷达不断地发射探测脉冲,SART对9GHz的探测脉冲进行响应。
在每一次9GHz探测脉冲作用之后,立即发12个频率变化范围在9200MHz-9500MHz的微波信号. 机器的声光报警的时间间隔将缩短, 光闪变快.
③当搜救工作完毕后, 将专用探针再插入机器上的专用直径为6mm的孔中, 即可关闭机器的电源.。