英语职称考试B级

2010 年职称英语考试卫生类B级真题及参考答案
（备注：每道题中的红色字体为正确选项）
第1 部分：词汇选项（第1～15 题，每题1 分，共15 分）
下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语有括号，请为每处括号部分确定1 个意义最为接近
的选项。

1. I enjoyed the play- it had a clever plot and very (funny) dialogues.
A long B．boring C．original D．humorous
2. In the process, the light energy (converts) to heat energy.
A changes B．reduces C．leaves D．drops
3. Patricia stared at the other girls with (resentment).
A anger B．doubt C．love D．surprise
4. The thief was finally (captured) two miles away from the village.
A caught B．killed C．found D．jailed
5. Such a database would be extremely costly to (set up).
A transfer B．destroy C．establish D．update
6. If we leave now, we should (miss) the traffic.
A direct B．stop C．mix D．avoid
7. He’s spen t years (cultivating) a knowledge of art.
A sharing B．using C．denying D．developing
8. The two banks have announced plans to (merge) nest year.
A combine B．sell C．close D．break
9. Many cities have (restricted) smoking in public places.
A limited B．allowed C．stopped D．kept
10. I want to provide my boys with a (decent) education.
A good B．special C．private D．general
11. What are my chances of (promotion) if I stay here.
A retirement B．advertisement C．advancement D．replacement
12. We’ve seen a (marked) shift in our approach to the social issues.
A clear B．regular C．quick D．great
13. Her father was a quiet man with (graceful) manners.
A polite B．similar C．usual D．bad
14. There was a (profound) silence after is remark.
A proud B．short C．sudden D．deep
15. The document was (compiled) by the Department of Health.
A written B．printed C．attached D．sent 2010 年职称英语考试卫生类
B级真题及参考答案
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第2 部分：阅读判断（第16～22 题，每题1 分，共7 分）
下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断；如果该句提供
的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没
有提及，请选择C。

Breast Cancer Deaths Record Low
The number of women dying from breast cancer has fallen to a record low by dipping under
12,000 a year for the first time since records began.
The Cancer Research UK data showed that 11,990 women died in the UK in 2007.
The previous lowest figure had been recorded in 1971 - the year records began - after which it
rose steadily year-on-year until the late 1980s.
Professor Peter Johnson, Cancer Research UK’s chief clinician, said: “It’s incredibly
encouraging to see fewer women dying from breast cancer now than at any time in the last 40 years,
despite breast cancer being diagnosed more often.
“Research has played a crucial role in this progress leading to improved treatments and better
management for women with the disease.
“The introduction of the NHS breast screening programme has also contributed as women are
more likely to survive the earlier cancer is diagnosed. ”
Breast cancer is now the most common cancer in the UK with 45,500
women every year
diagnosed with the disease - a 50% rise in 25 years.
The number of deaths peaked in 1989, when 15,625 women died. It then fell by between 200
and 400 deaths each year until 2004.
There was a slight rise in 2005 and then two years of falls.
Dr Sarah Cant, policy manager at Breakthrough Breast Cancer, said: “It is great news that
fewer women are dying from breast cancer and highlights the impact of improved treatments,
breast screening and awareness of the disease.
“However, this is still too many women and incidence of the disease is increasing
year-on-year. ”
The rising rate of breast cancer diagnosis has been put down to a variety of factors including
obesity and alcohol consumption.
16. 11,990 women died from breast cancer in the UK in 2007. A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
17. Breast cancer deaths began to be recorded in the UK in 1971. A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
18. The rate of breast cancer diagnosis in the UK has been dropping.
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
19. Breast cancer can come back 10 years after you were first diagnosed.
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
20. Breast cancer is more common in the UK than in many other countries.
A．Right B．Wrong C．N ot mentioned
21. Fewer women died from breast cancer in the UK in 2005 than in 2004.
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
22. Obesity and alcohol consumption may also lead to some other diseases.
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
第3 部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23～30 题，每题1 分，共8分）
（1）第23～26题要求从所给的6 个下面的短文后有2 项测试任务：
选项中为指定段落
每段选择1个小标题；（2）第27～30 题要求从所给的6 个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳
选项。

Parkinson’s Disease
1．Parkinson’s disease affects the way you move. It happens when there
is a problem with certain nerve cells in the brain. Normally, these nerve cells make an important chemical called dopamine. Dopamine sends signals to the part of your brain that controls movement. It lets your muscles move smoothly and do what you want them to do. When you have Parkinson’s, these nerve cel ls break down. Then you no longer have enough dopamine, and you have trouble moving the way you want to. 2．No one knows for sure what makes these nerve cells break down. But scientists are doing a lot of research to look for the answer. They are studying many possible causes, including aging and poisons in the environment. Abnormal genes seem to lead to Parki nson’s disease in some people. But so far, there is not enough proof to show that it is always inherited.
3．Tremor may be the first symptom you notice. It is one of the most common signs of the disease, although not everyone has it. More importantly, no t everyone with a tremor has Parkinson’s disease. Tremor often starts in just one arm or leg or only on one side of the body. It may be worse when you are awake but not moving the affected arm or leg. It may get better when you move the limb or you are asleep. In time, Parkinson’s affects muscles all through your body, so it can lead to problems like trouble swallowing or constipation. In the later stages of the disease, a person with Parkinson’s may have a fixed or blank expression, trouble speaking, and other problems. Some people also have
a decrease in mental skills (dementia).
4．At this time, there is no cure for Parkinson’s disease. But there are several types of medicines that can control the symptoms and make the disease easier to live with. You may not even need treatment if your symptoms are mild. Your doctor may wait to prescribe medicines until your symptoms start to get in the way of your daily life. Your doctor will adjust your medicines as your symptoms get worse. You may need to take several medicines to get the best results.
23. Paragraph 1
答案：E（definition of Parkinson’s disease）
24. Paragraph 2
答案：C（Possible causes of the disease）2010 年职称英语考试卫生类
B级真题及参考答案
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25. Paragraph 3
答案：B（Typical symptoms of the disease）
26. Paragraph 4
答案：A（common treatment for the disease）
A．Common Treatment for the Disease
B．Typical Symptoms of the Disease
C．Possible Causes of the Disease
D．Means of Diagnosis of the Disease
E．Definition of Parkinson’s Disease
F．Tips for Patients with the Disease
27. You’ll find it hard to move the way you want t o . D．if there isn’t enough dopamine（多巴胺）in your body.
28. A lot of research is being done to find out .
A．what causes Parkinson’s disease
29. One of the most common signs of Parkinson’s is tremor, .
C．which may be the first symptom you notice.
30. A person with Parkinson’s has to learn to live with the disease, .
F．which cannot be cured yet
A．what causes Parkinson’s disease
B．what affects muscles all through your body
C．which may be the first symptom you notice
D．if there isn’t enough dopamine in your body
E．if you have a fixed or blank expression
F．which cannot be cured yet
第4 部分：阅读理解（第31～45题，每题3 分，共45 分）
下面有3 篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。

请根据短文内容，为每题确定1 个最佳选项。

第一篇
Human Heart Can Make New Cells
Solving a longstanding（为时甚久的）mystery, scientists have found that the human heart
continues to generate new cardiac（心脏的）cells throughout the life span, although the rate of new
cell production slows with age.
The finding, published in the April 3 issue of Science, could open a new path for the treatment
of heart diseases such as heart failure and heart attack, experts say.
“We find that the beating cells in the heart, cardiomyocytes（心肌细胞）, are renewed, ”said
lead researcher Dr. Jonas Frisen, a professor of stem cell research at the Karolinska Institute in
Stockholm, Sweden. “It has previously not been known whether we were limited to the
cardiomyocytes we are born with or if they could be renewed, ”he said. 每天1 小时
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The process of renewing these cells changes over time, Frisen added. In a 20-year-old, about 1 percent of cardiomyocytes are exchanged each year,
but the turnover （更替）rate decreases with age to only 0.45 percent by age 75.
“If we can understand how the generation of new cardiomyocytes is regulated, it may be potentially possible to develop pharmaceuticals that promote this process to stimulate regeneration after, for example, a heart attack, ” Frisen said.
That could lead to treatment that helps restore damaged hearts. “A lot of people suffer from chronic heart failure, ” noted co-author Dr. Ratan Bhardwaj, also from the Karolinska Institute. “Chronic heart failure arises from heart cells dying, ” he said. With this finding, scientists are “opening the door to potential therapies to having ourselves heal ourselves, ”Bhardwaj said. “Maybe one could devise a pharmaceutical（药物）agent that would make heart cells make new and more cells to overcome the problem they are facing. ”
But barriers remain. According to Bhardwaj, scientists do not yet know how to increase heart cell production to a rate that would replace cells faster than they are dying off, especially in older patients with heart failure. In addition, the number of new cells the heart produces was estimated using healthy hearts —whether the rate of cell turnover in diseased hearts is the same remains unknown.
31. The human heart stops producing cardiac cells
A．when a person becomes old.
B．as soon as a person gets sick.
C．immediately after a person is born.
D．once a person dies. √
32. The finding could prove to be useful to
A．the analysis of cardiac cells.
B．the prevention of chronic diseases.
C．the treatment of heart diseases. √
D．the study of longstanding mysteries.
33. In people who’re in their mid-70 s, only 0.45 percent of cardiomyocytes
A．are still functional.
B．are reduced each year.
C．are replaced each year. √
D．are damaged each year.
34. Chronic heart failure is attributed to
A．the dying heart cells. √
B．the effects of pharmaceuticals.
C．the weight of the patient.
D．the life span of a person.
35. It remains unknown whether the rate of cell turnover in diseased hearts 2010 年职称英语考试卫生类
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A．is high enough to replace cells faster than they’re dying off.
B．is of any use to researchers
C．is the same as that in healthy hearts. √
D．changes over time.
第二篇
The Ice man
On a September day in 1991, two Germans were climbing the mountain between Austria and Italy. High up on a mountain pass, they found the body of a man lying on the ice. At that height(10,499 feet, or 3,200 meters), the ice is usually permanent, but 1991 had been an especially warm year. The mountain ice had melted more than just usual and so the body had come to the surface.
It was lying face downward. The skeleton （骨架）was in perfect condition, except for a wound in the head. There was still skin on the bones and the remains of some clothes. The hands were still holding the wooden handle of an ax and on the feet there were very simple leather and cloth boots.
Nearby was a pair of gloves made of tree bark（树皮）and a holder for arrows.
Who was the man? How and when had he died? Everybody had a different answer to these questions. Some people thought that it was from
this century, perhaps the body of a soldier who died in World WarⅠ, since several soldiers had already been found in the area. A Swiss woman who believed it might be her father, who had died in those mountains twenty years before and whose body had never been found. The scientists who rushed to look at the body thought it was probably much older, maybe even a thousand years old.
With modern dating techniques, the scientists soon learned that the iceman was about 5,300 years old. Born in about 3300 B.C., he lived during the Bronze Age in Europe. At first scientists thought he was probably a hunter who had died from an accident in the high mountains. More recent evidence, however, tells a different story. A new kind of X-ray shows an arrowhead still stuck in his shoulder. It left only a tiny hole in his skin, but it caused internal damage and bleeding.
He almost certainly died from this wound, and not from the wound on the back of his head. This means that he was probably in some kind of battle. It may have been part of a large war, or he may have been fighting bandits. He may even have been a bandit himself.
By studying his clothes and tools, scientists have already learned a great deal from the Iceman about the times he lived in. we may never know the full story of how he died, but he has given us important clues to the history of those distant times.
36. The body of the Iceman was found in the mountains mainly because
A．the melted ice made him visible √
B．he was just on a mountain pass
C．two Germans were climbing the mountains
D．he was lying on the ice 每天1 小时
4周攻克职称英语周计划卫生类（适用于A B C级）
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37. What can be inferred from paragraph 2?
A．The Iceman was killed while working
B．The Iceman was struck dead from behind
C．The Iceman lived a poor life
D．The Iceman could have died from the wound in the head √
38. All the following are assumptions once made about the Iceman EXCEPT
A．he was a soldier in World War I
B．he was born about a thousand years ago
C．he was a Swiss woman’s long-lost father
D．he came from Italy √
39. The scientists made the deduction that the Iceman
A．was probably in some kind of a battle √
B．had a tiny hole in his skin causing his death
C．was hit the shoulder by an arrowhead
D．had got a wound on the back of his head
40. The word “bandits” in paragraph 4 could be best r eplaced by A．soldiers
B．shooters
C．robbers √
D．hunters
第三篇
Acceptance of Chronic Illness
For chronically ill patients, giving up the hope that they will get better may actually lead to more happiness, U.S. researchers suggest. “Hope is an important part of happiness, but there’s a dark side of hope. Sometimes, if hope makes people put off getting on with their life, it can get in the way of happiness,” Dr. Peter A.
Ubel from the University of Michigan Health System said in a university news release.
He and his colleagues studied patients who’d just had a colostomy（结肠造口术）, which means their colons（结肠）were removed and they had to have bowel（肠）movements in a pouch（小袋）outside the body. At the time of the surgery, some patients were told the procedure was reversible and they’d have a second operation in a few months to reconnect their bowels. Other patients were told the colostomy was permanent.
The patients were followed for six months, and the researchers found that those without hope of regaining normal bowel function were happier than
those with reversible colostomies.
“We think they were happier because they got on with their life. They realized the cards they were dealt, and recognized that they had no choice but to play with those cards,” Ubel said. “The other group was waiting for their colostomy to be reversed. They contrasted their current life with the life they hoped to lead, and didn’t make the best of their current situation.”
The study, published in the November edition of Health Psychology, also may explain why people whose spouse dies often recover better emotionally over time than those who get divorced, the researchers said. That’s because people whose husband or wife dies have closure（结束）, while those who get divorced may still have hope for some chance of making up, they explained.
41. Chronically ill patients may be happier
A．if they keep thinking of their past
B．if they believe they’ll recover
C．if they put off moving on
D．if they manage to get on with their life
42. What had happened to the patients under study?
A．They had just survived an accident.
B．They had just had an operation.
C．They had just injured their colons.
D．They had just made some pouches.
43. One group of the patients was happier because
A．they made the best of their current situation
B．they were good at playing function
C．they regarded normal bowel function
D．they were promised another operation
44. The other group was not as happy because
A．they accepted their current situation
B．they were anxious to get better
C．they missed their previous life
D．they refused to play cards
45. What could be the message of the passage?
A．Giving up hope means giving up happiness.
B．Letting go of hope is at times a better choice.
C．Hope is what makes people move on.
D．Hope frequently gets in the way of happiness.
第5 部分：补全短文（第46～50题，每题2 分，共10 分）
下面的短文有5 处空白，短文后有6 个句子，其中5 个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其
分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章面貌。

Semco
At 21, Ricardo Semler became boss of his father’s business in Brazil,
Semco, which sold parts for ships. Semler Junior worked like a madman, from 7:30 am, until midnight every day. One afternoon, while touring a factory in New York, he collapsed. The doctor who treated him said, “There’s nothing wrong with you. But if you continue like this, you’ll find a new home in our hospital. ” Semler got the message. He changed the way he worked. In fact, he changed the ways his employees worked too.
He let his workers take more responsibility so that they would be the ones worrying when things went wrong. He allowed them to set their own salaries, and he cut all the jobs he thought were unnecessary, like receptionists and secretaries. B （46）. “Everyone at Semco, even top managers, meets guests in reception, does the photocopying, sends faxes, types letters and dials the phone. ”
He completely reorganized the office: instead of walls, they have plants at Semco, so bosses
can’t shut themselves away from everyone else. C （47）.As for uniforms, some people wear suits and others wear T-shirts.
Semler says, “We have a sales manager named Rubin Agater who sits there reading the newspaper hour after hour. He doesn’t even pretend to be busy. But when a Semco pump on the other side of the world fails millions of gallons of oil are about to spill into the sea. Rubin springs into action. D （48）.That’s when he earns his salary. No one cares if
he doesn’t look busy the rest of the time.
Semco has flexible working hours: the employees decide when they need to arrive at work.
The employees also evaluate their bosses twice a year. F （49）. It sounds perfect, but does it work? The answer is in the numbers: in the last six years, Semco’s revenues have gone from $35 million to $212 million. The company has grown from eight hundred employees to 3,000. Why?
Semler says it’s because of “peer pressure”. Peer pressure makes employees work hard fro everyone else. A （50）.In other words, Ricardo Semler treats his workers like adults and expects them to act like adults. And they do.
A．If someone isn’t doing his job well, the other workers will not allow the situation to continue.
B．This saved money and brought more equality to the company. C．And the workers are free to decorate their workspace as they want. D．He knows everything there is to know about our pumps and how to fix them.
E Most managers spend their time making it difficult for workers to work.
F Also, Semco lets its workers use the company’s machines for their own projects, and makes them take holidays for at least thirty days a year.
46. B．This saved money and brought more equality to the company.
47. C．And the workers are free to decorate their workspace as they want.
48. D．He knows everything there is to know about our pumps and how to fix them.
49. F．Also, Semco lets its workers use the company’s machines for their own projects, and makes them take holidays for at least thirty days a year.
50. A．If someone isn’t doing his job well, the other workers will not allow the situation to continue.
第6 部分：完形填空（第52～65题，每题1 分，共15 分）
下面的短文有15 处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定 1 个最佳选项。

Nurse! I Want My Mummy
When a child is ill in hospital, a parent’s first reaction is to be with （51）them.
Most hospitals now allow parents to sleep overnight （52）with their child, providing a bed or sofa on the ward.
But until the 1970s this practice （53）was not only frowned（皱眉表示不满）upon —it was actively discouraged. Staff worried that the children would be upset （54）when their parents left, and so there was a blanket（通用的）ban.
A conc erned nurse, Pamela Hawthorn, disagreed and her study “Nurse! I want my mummy”, published in 1974, changed （55）the face of paediatric（儿科的）nursing.
Professor Martin Johnson, professor of nursing at the University of Salford, said that the work of nurses （56）like Pamela had changed the face of patient care.
“Pamela’s study was done against the background （57）of a lively debate in paediatrics and psychology as to the degree women should spend with children in the outside world and the degree to which they should be allowed to visit children in hospital （58）. ”
“The idea was that if mum came to visit （59）a small child in hospital the child would be upset and inconsolable（无法安慰的）for hours. ”
“Yet the nurse noticed that if mum did not come at all （60）the child stayed in a relatively stable state but they might be depressed. ” “Of course we know now that they had almost given up hope that （61）mum was ever coming back. ”
“To avoid a little bit of pain they said that no one should v isit. ”
“But children were alone and depressed, so Hawthorn said parents should be allowed （62）to visit. ”
Dr Peter Carter, chief executive and general secretary of the Royal College of Nursing, said her work （63）had been seminal（开创
性的）.
“Her research put an end to the days （64）when parents handed their children over to strangers at the door of the hospital ward. ”
“As a result of her work, parents and carers are now recognized as partners in care and are afforded the opportunity to stay with their children while they are in hospital, which （65）has dramatically improved both parents’ and children’s experience of care. ” 51．A．with B．over C．upon D．for
52．A．soundly B．overtime C．fortnight D．overnight 53．A．order B．thought C．exercise D．practice 54．A．hungry B．upset C．surprised D．happy 55．A．changed B．examined C．covered D．cleaned 56．A．parents B．nurses C．doctors D．teachers
57．A．field B．background C．circle D．history 58．A．hospital B．family C．group D．school
59．A．worry B．control C．visit D．take
60．A．all B．large C．will D．it
61．A．unless B．that C．because D．whether
62．A．forced B．guided C．persuaded D．allowed 63．A．work B．condition C．doubt D．dream
64．A．months B．weeks C．days D．hours
65．A．which B．this C．what D．thus。