大学生跨文化交际U2Pa课文翻译定稿2014

跨文化交际-unit1-6-课后translation中英对照

跨文化交际-unit1-6-课后translation中英对照Unit 1 Page 22The growth of intercultural communication as a field of study is based on a view of hi story that clearly demonstrates people and cultures have been troubled by a persistent i nability to understand and get along with groups and societies removed by space, ideol ogy, appearance, and behavior from their own. What is intriguing about many of huma n civilization's failure is that they appear to be personal as well as global. The story of h umankind is punctuated with instances of face-to-face conflicts as well as international misunderstanding--major and minor quarrels that range from simple name-calling to i solationism or even armed conflict.It is obvious that increased contact with other cultures and subcultures makes it impe rative for us to make a concerted effort to get along with and to try to understand peop le whose beliefs and backgrounds may be vastly different from our own. The ability, thr ough increased awareness and understanding, to peacefully coexist with people who do not necessarily share our lifestyles or values could benefit us not only in our own neigh borhoods but could be the decisive factor in maintaining world peace.纵观历史，我们可以清楚地看到，人们由于彼此所处地域、意识形态、容貌服饰和行为举止上存在的差异，而长久无法互相理解、无法和睦相处。

跨文化交际李成明unit2-A原文+翻译DOCX

Unit 2With the amazingly rapid development in transportation and information communication, people from different cultures interact more often than ever before, but misunderstandings even conflicts caused in the process of this interaction also grow increasingly. Just for this reason, much concern is focused upon the problem of how to help people interact and communicate successfully in a transcultural way. As a matter of fact, culture is not strange to us all. We hear, read and talk of it, such as Chinese culture, English culture, tea culture, campus culture and so on. But when it comes to the meaning of culture, it is notoriously difficult to define what culture really is or should be.随着交通运输和信息交流的飞速发展，不同文化背景下的人们交往越来越频繁，但在交往过程中产生的误会甚至冲突也日益增多。

正因为如此，人们关注的焦点是如何帮助人们以跨文化的方式成功地进行互动和交流。

事实上，文化对我们大家来说并不陌生。

我们听、读、谈它，如中国文化、英国文化、茶文化、校园文化等。

大学英语4 U2课文翻译

听了一个有趣的故事会发笑。

很开心，古今中外都一样。

这一现象同语言本身一样悠久。

那么，到底是什么东西会使一个故事或笑话让人感到滑稽可笑呢？我是第一次辨识出幽默便喜欢上的人，因为我因此我曾试图跟学生议论和探讨幽默。

这些学生文化差异很大，有来自拉丁美洲的，也有来自中国的。

我还认真思考过一些滑稽有趣的故事。

这么做完全处于自己的喜好。

为什么听完我讲完一个笑话后，班上有些同学会笑的前仰后合，而其他学生看上去就像刚听我读了天气预报一样呢？显然，有些人对幽默比别人更敏感。

而且，我们也发现有的人很善于讲笑话，而有的人小说一点有趣的事却要费好大的劲。

我们都听人说过这样的话：“我喜欢笑话，但我讲的不好，也总是记不住。

”有些人比别人更有音乐、数学之类的才能一样。

一个真正风趣的人在任何场合都有笑话可讲，而且讲了一个笑话，就会从他记忆里引出一连串的笑话。

一个缺乏幽默的人不可能成为一群人中最受欢迎的。

一个真正有幽默的人不仅受人喜爱，而且在任何聚会上也往往是人们注意的焦点，这么说是有道理的。

甚至有些动物也有幽默感。

我岳母从前经常来我们家，并能住上很长的一段时间。

通常她不喜欢狗，但却很喜欢布利茨恩——我们杨过的一条不拉多母犬，而且，她们的这种好感是相互的。

布利茨恩在很小的时候就常常戏弄外祖母，当外祖母坐在起居室里她最喜欢的那张舒适的椅子上时，布利茨恩就故意把她卧室里的一只拖鞋叼到起居室，并在外祖母刚好够不到的地方蹦来跳去，一直逗得外祖母忍不住站起来去拿那只拖鞋。

外祖母从椅子上一起老，布利茨恩就迅速跳上那椅子，从它那闪亮的棕色眼睛里掠过一丝拉布拉多试的微笑，无疑是在说：“啊哈，你又上了我的当。

”典型的笑话或幽默故事有明显的三部分构成。

第一部分是铺垫（即背景），接下来是主干部分（即故事情节），随后是妙语（即一个出人意料或令人惊讶的结尾）。

如果这个妙语含有一定的幽默成分，这个笑话便会更有趣。

通常笑话都包含这三部分，而且每部分都必须交代清楚。

大学英语跨文化交际教程翻译杨晓萍陶岳炼主编

Unit1 passage AThe English characterToo the Europeans, the best known quality of the British is "reserve".A reserved person is one who does not talk very much to strangers, does not show much emotion, and seldom gets excited. It is difficult to get to know a reserved person; he never tells you anything about himself, and you may work with him for years without ever knowing where he lives, how many children he has, and what his interests are. English people tend to be like that. If they are making a journey by bus, they will do their best to find an empty seat; if by train, an empty compartment. If they have to share the compartment with a stranger, they may travel many miles without starting a conversation. If a conversation does start, personal questions like "How old are you?" or even "What is your name?" are not easily asked. Questions like "Where did you buy your watch?" or "What is your salary?" are almost impossible. Similarly, conversation in Britain is in general quiet and restrained and loud speech is considered ill-bred.This unwillingness to communicate with others is an unfortunate quality in some ways, since it tends to give the impression of coldness, and it is true that the English (except perhaps in the North) are not noted for their generosity and hospitality. On the other hand, they are perfectly human behind their barrier of reserve, and may be quite pleased when a friendly stranger or foreigner succeeds for a time in breaking the barrier down.Closely related to English reserve is English modesty. Within their hearts, the English are perhaps no less conceited than anybody else, but in their relations with others they value at least a show of modesty. Self-praise is felt to be ill-bred. If a person is, let us say, very good at tennis, and someone asks him if he is a good player, he will seldom reply "Yes," because people will think him conceited. He will probably give an answer like, "I'm not bad," or "Well, I'm very keen on tennis." This self-deprecation is typically English, and, mixed with their reserve, it often produces a sort of general air of indifference which appears to foreigners difficult to understand and even irritating.The famous English sense of humor is similar. Its starting point is self-deprecation, and its great enemy is conceit. It’s ideal is the ability to laugh at oneself —at one's own faults, one's own failures and embarrassments, even at one's own ideals. The criticism, "He has no sense of humor," is very commonly heard in Britain, where humor is so highly prized. A sense of humor is an attitude to life rather than the mere ability to laugh at jokes. This attitude is never cruel or disrespectful or malicious. The English do not laugh at a cripple or a madman, a tragedy or an honorable failure. Sympathy or admiration for artistic skill are felt to be stronger than laughter.Like a sense of humor, sportsmanship is an English ideal which not all Englishmen live up to. It must be realized that sport in its modern form is almost entirely a British invention. Boxing, association football, tennis and cricketwere all first organized and given rules in Britain. Rules are the essence of sport, and sportsmanship is the ability to practise a sport in obedience to its rules, while also showing generosity to one's opponent and good temper in defeat. Moreover, sportsmanship as an ideal is applied to life in general. One of the most elementary rules of life is "never hit a man when he's down"─in other words, never take advantage of another person's misfortune. English school-boys often show this sense of sportsmanship to a surprisingly high degree in their relations with each other.译文：对于其他欧洲人来说，英国人最著名的特点是“谨慎”。

跨文化交际中英文化对比课文参考译文U2

第二单元服饰和着装规范Section A 中国服饰Passage 1 中国传统服装1中国传统服饰是中国文化的重要组成部分，因为其历史反映了中国古代经济、政治、文化在不同历史阶段的变化。

2中国传统服装主要有两种款式：上衣下裳制和衣裳连属制。

上衣下裳制作为最早的服装式样可以追溯到黄帝时期。

这种服装是由上装“衣”和男女通用的下装“裳”组成的。

上衣下裳式服装流行于夏、商、周时期，其特点是左包右。

西周统治者以家族为基础，建立了以血缘和伦理规范为纽带的严格的等级制度。

正如这一时期出现的深衣和冕服所示，为了突出自己的特权，他们以服饰作为身份的象征。

3在春秋和战国时期，服装发生了很大的变化。

由于配有大腰带的宽松的服装已经不能跟上时代的步伐，服装界掀起了一场大变革。

为了提高部队的战斗力，赵武陵王提倡胡服。

胡服是由几件衣服组合而成的全套服装。

4一体式的袍是秦汉时期非常推崇的发款式。

秦朝规定三品及以上的官员穿绿袍和深衣，而普通人穿白袍。

在汉代，虽然深衣在汉人中间仍然很流行，但袍发挥着大礼服的作用。

汉服是从商朝的冕服演变而来的，随着宽袖的引入引入，汉服变得更加松散，还配有挂在腰带上的玉佩，以保持衣的合拢。

一套完整的汉服是由几件衣服组合而成的：衣（男女都可以穿的任何交领衣服）、袍（男性穿的任何封闭的全身衣）、襦（一种敞开的交领衫）、衫（一种敞开的交领衫或罩在衣之外的上衣）、裙或裳（一种中性裙子）和裤（裤子）。

5中国古代服饰的第二次大变化发生在魏晋南北朝时期。

原因是战事频频，款式稍有不同的胡服成为最常见的服装，其特点是袖子窄，衣贴身，裳开叉。

6隋唐时期，政治稳定，经济繁荣，是服装设计和款式发展的黄金时代，中外文化交流空前。

一套男性常服由幞头（软帽）或帽（硬帽）、罩衫和靴子组成的。

罩衫与裳稍有不同，圆领、无卷边窄袖，是胡服与汉服的完美结合。

唐代女性的服饰比前朝更为宽松和暴露，图案繁多。

7在理学的影响下，宋代的衣服在色彩上趋于保守，而袍逐渐被褙子取代。

大学英语跨文化交际教程翻译杨晓萍陶岳炼主编

Unit1 passage AThe English characterToo the Europeans, the best known quality of the British is "reserve".A reserved person is one who does not talk very much to strangers, does not show much emotion, and seldom gets excited. It is difficult to get to know a reserved person; he never tells you anything about himself, and you may work with him for years without ever knowing where he lives, how many children he has, and what his interests are. English people tend to be like that. If they are making a journey by bus, they will do their best to find an empty seat; if by train, an empty compartment. If they have to share the compartment with a stranger, they may travel many miles without starting a conversation. If a conversation does start, personal questions like "How old are you?" or even "What is your name?" are not easily asked. Questions like "Where did you buy your watch?" or "What is your salary?" are almost impossible. Similarly, conversation in Britain is in general quiet and restrained and loud speech is considered ill-bred.This unwillingness to communicate with others is an unfortunate quality in some ways, since it tends to give the impression of coldness, and it is true that the English (except perhaps in the North) are not noted for their generosity and hospitality. On the other hand, they are perfectly human behind their barrier of reserve, and may be quite pleased when a friendly stranger or foreigner succeeds for a time in breaking the barrier down.Closely related to English reserve is English modesty. Within their hearts, the English are perhaps no less conceited than anybody else, but in their relations with others they value at least a show of modesty. Self-praise is felt to be ill-bred. If a person is, let us say, very good at tennis, and someone asks him if he is a good player, he will seldom reply "Yes," because people will think him conceited. He will probably give an answer like, "I'm not bad," or "Well, I'm very keen on tennis." This self-deprecation is typically English, and, mixed with their reserve, it often produces a sort of general air of indifference which appears to foreigners difficult to understand and even irritating.The famous English sense of humor is similar. Its starting point is self-deprecation, and its great enemy is conceit. It’s ideal is the ability to laugh at oneself —at one's own faults, one's own failures and embarrassments, even at one's own ideals. The criticism, "He has no sense of humor," is very commonly heard in Britain, where humor is so highly prized. A sense of humor is an attitude to life rather than the mere ability to laugh at jokes. This attitude is never cruel or disrespectful or malicious. The English do not laugh at a cripple or a madman, a tragedy or an honorable failure. Sympathy or admiration for artistic skill are felt to be stronger than laughter.Like a sense of humor, sportsmanship is an English ideal which not all Englishmen live up to. It must be realized that sport in its modern form is almost entirely a British invention. Boxing, association football, tennis and cricketwere all first organized and given rules in Britain. Rules are the essence of sport, and sportsmanship is the ability to practise a sport in obedience to its rules, while also showing generosity to one's opponent and good temper in defeat. Moreover, sportsmanship as an ideal is applied to life in general. One of the most elementary rules of life is "never hit a man when he's down"─in other words, never take advantage of another person's misfortune. English school-boys often show this sense of sportsmanship to a surprisingly high degree in their relations with each other.译文：对于其他欧洲人来说，英国人最著名的特点是“谨慎”。

跨文化交际_Unit_2_参考翻译

跨文化交际_Unit_2_参考翻译Unit Two Task 11)A smooth sea never made a skillful mariner. 平静的大海决不能造就出熟练的水手。

/花盆里生长不出参天大树。

/温室里长不出栋梁之才。

2)He who would search for pearls must dive below.不入虎穴，焉得虎子。

/ 欲寻珍珠就要潜到水里。

/ 欲寻珍珠欲潜入水。

3)Living without an aim is like sailing without a compass. 生活没有目标如同航行没有罗盘。

/没有目标的生活如同没有罗盘的航行。

4)To have another fish to fry另有要事/ 另有事情得做5)The water that bears the boat is the same that swallows it up.水能载舟，亦能覆舟。

(The same knife cuts bread and fingers.)6)前人栽树，后人乘凉。

One sows and another reaps. / One man sows and another reaps. / One generation plants the trees in whose shade another generation rests. / The precedence planted, the later generations enjoy its cool.7)斩草不除根，逢春又发青。

If the grass is only cut, then the next spring it will revive. / Cut weeds and dig up the roots.8)种田不用问，深耕多上粪。

Planting has no better measures but ploughing deeply and fertilizing much more.9)生米煮成熟饭。

跨文化交际英语阅读教程unit02课后翻译

Checking Is Believing参考译文：验证为实网络随时在拓展，它几乎可以给大多数学科提供无限量的信息。

除了提供大量信息之外，网络使用起来也方便快捷。

如今，我们拥有很多设备它们可以联网并展示信息，即使当你在赶路时也是如此。

因此，网络可以提供一个获取信息的方便途径，而且网络已经受到了学生们的极力推崇。

如果一位学生有条件上网，那么他/她就没有必要去图书馆查找资料。

这样不仅节省了大量的时间也省去了交通费。

几乎可以这样说，学生们比上班族有更多的时间浏览网页，网络上提供的信息有助于他们完成学习任务，这一点成了他们上网的额外动机。

Reading BThis freedom is, of course, in sharp contrast to traditional media. Publishing companies, for example, can be very selective about their authors. Such companies have high standards and will only publish a book if the author is well qualified and experienced in the subject area. Publishers get other experts to review a book before it is printed and further improvements to the book are made by editors and book designers employed by the publishing companies. Editors frequently make suggestions to make the book longer or shorter and to improvethe au thor’s use of language to make the writing clearer and more easily comprehensible to readers. Designers handle the layout of a book, including the cover, photographs and other graphics and even the font type and style of the text.参考译文：网络提供的这种自由和传统的媒介相比当然有着明显的区别。

跨文化交际课文翻译

关于跨文化交流，跨文化市场才是第一的真正的首要的范本。

考虑到古罗马帝国的市民，他们是第一个诞生商店的地球文明。

商人们通过在商店的上面树立旗帜来展示他们商品货物的图片来解决跨文化市场的困扰。

这种做法不仅能为罗马帝国中未受过教育的市民服务还能帮助罗马商人们获得被他们用武力征服的殖民地的商业信息。

回顾过去，我们会发现两千多年前的亚里士多德曾明确说过：“有效劝服基本的信念仍可以把他应用到今天的买卖商品上然而在古代的雅典可能会引起一场大的争论”。

很明显的可以看出，交流是现代市场的根基。

毋庸置疑，全球化市场的时代已经到来。

每年超过4万件的商品货物进入国际市场，其中超过一半是来自美国。

这里面85%的商品都不合格。

通往国际化市场成功的道路是建立在失败的市场垃圾碎片和广泛的广告活动之上的。

他们中的大多数之所以会失败，是因为跨文化交流被曲解了。

在跨文化市场里，如果你想把低劣的语言举止降低到最小，那么就不假定任何事情。

几乎我们都听说过关于美国通用汽车公司，他们尽力想把他们的雪佛兰牌汽车销往拉美国家。

但是雪佛兰在说西班牙语的拉美国家按字面意思是不能行走。

当公司发现汽车买不出去的原因时，他们就把车重新命名，然后销往这些国家。

福特汽车公司，美国又一个汽车界的领头羊，也有类似的问题。

他们的pinto 牌汽车在当地也没有达到预期的销售，原因时他们的汽车其意思在当地为男性生殖器。

最终福特公司把所有的名牌汽车重新命名为corcel，其意思为骏马。

伊莱克斯，一个日用电器制造者，其在英国获得了很大的成功。

不幸的是，他们的广告招牌的意思在美国和英国大不相同。

在美国，suck的意思是多虱子的。

英国的牙膏生产商在法国制造出来了一种牙膏叫cue。

它被人们所耻笑。

因为它的名字使人想起了臭名昭著的色情杂志——Cue。

但是市场中的文化意识更多于细心的翻译。

每一文化都有其微妙之处，当然也有其鲜明的禁忌。

尽管大多数的人不能列出他们自己文化的规则，但是他们很明白什么时候这些禁忌被触碰了。

大学英语跨文化交际教程翻译杨晓萍陶岳炼主编

Unit1 passage AThe English characterToo the Europeans, the best known quality of the British is "reserve".A reserved person is one who does not talk very much to strangers, does not show much emotion, and seldom gets excited. It is difficult to get to know a reserved person; he never tells you anything about himself, and you may work with him for years without ever knowing where he lives, how many children he has, and what his interests are. English people tend to be like that. If they are making a journey by bus, they will do their best to find an empty seat; if by train, an empty compartment. If they have to share the compartment with a stranger, they may travel many miles without starting a conversation. If a conversation does start, personal questions like "How old are you?" or even "What is your name?" are not easily asked. Questions like "Where did you buy your watch?" or "What is your salary?" are almost impossible. Similarly, conversation in Britain is in general quiet and restrained and loud speech is considered ill-bred.This unwillingness to communicate with others is an unfortunate quality in some ways, since it tends to give the impression of coldness, and it is true that the English (except perhaps in the North) are not noted for their generosity and hospitality. On the other hand, they are perfectly human behind their barrier of reserve, and may be quite pleased when a friendly stranger or foreigner succeeds for a time in breaking the barrier down.Closely related to English reserve is English modesty. Within their hearts, the English are perhaps no less conceited than anybody else, but in their relations with others they value at least a show of modesty. Self-praise is felt to be ill-bred. If a person is, let us say, very good at tennis, and someone asks him if he is a good player, he will seldom reply "Yes," because people will think him conceited. He will probably give an answer like, "I'm not bad," or "Well, I'm very keen on tennis." This self-deprecation is typically English, and, mixed with their reserve, it often produces a sort of general air of indifference which appears to foreigners difficult to understand and even irritating.The famous English sense of humor is similar. Its starting point is self-deprecation, and its great enemy is conceit. It’s ideal is the ability to laugh at oneself —at one's own faults, one's own failures and embarrassments, even at one's own ideals. The criticism, "He has no sense of humor," is very commonly heard in Britain, where humor is so highly prized. A sense of humor is an attitude to life rather than the mere ability to laugh at jokes. This attitude is never cruel or disrespectful or malicious. The English do not laugh at a cripple or a madman, a tragedy or an honorable failure. Sympathy or admiration for artistic skill are felt to be stronger than laughter.Like a sense of humor, sportsmanship is an English ideal which not all Englishmen live up to. It must be realized that sport in its modern form is almost entirely a British invention. Boxing, association football, tennis and cricketwere all first organized and given rules in Britain. Rules are the essence of sport, and sportsmanship is the ability to practise a sport in obedience to its rules, while also showing generosity to one's opponent and good temper in defeat. Moreover, sportsmanship as an ideal is applied to life in general. One of the most elementary rules of life is "never hit a man when he's down"─in other words, never take advantage of another person's misfortune. English school-boys often show this sense of sportsmanship to a surprisingly high degree in their relations with each other.译文：对于其他欧洲人来说，英国人最著名的特点是“谨慎”。

跨文化交际英语阅读教程所学课文翻译

Unit1二十一世纪的盗版现象课文一现代社会依赖于技术创新，而技术创新须依靠知识产权来保障。

越来越多的国家遵守国际条约，实行知识产权保护。

但这方面做得还远远不够。

我们来回顾一下过去，看看缺乏知识产权保护会导致什么样的后果，从而吸取教训。

许多西方公司付出了惨痛的代价才发现，知识产权保障机制还未健全时，在东南亚投资无异于将钱付诸东流。

要进入这些市场，西方公司不仅必须向相关当局说明他们的产品，而且还要说明他们产品的制作过程。

而结果经常是本该受到知识产权保护的产品很快被无耻地抄袭。

盗用知识产权的例子不胜枚举。

例如，美国化学制品巨头杜邦向一亚洲国家引进了一种名叫Londax的著名除草剂，用来除掉稻田里的杂草。

该公司在该产品的研发上投资了数百万美元，而且又投入了2500万美元在当地开设了一家生产厂家。

然而，不到一年以后，一瓶瓶非常廉价的冒牌Londax公然上市了。

冒牌产品和正宗产品除了价格外的唯一区别是冒牌产品的名称是Rondex，用的是蓝色瓶而不是正宗产品用的绿色瓶。

但是，由于冒牌产品的价格比正宗产品的价格低廉许多，它成功毁掉了杜邦公司的投资。

同时它也使得该公司不再愿意投资于新化学制品的研发。

生产Londax的配方本应该被当作是杜邦公司的知识产权。

其他非法使用该配方的公司是犯了偷盗行为，就像盗取了杜邦公司的机器或者该公司的其他财产一样。

不光是产品，在亚洲市场上保护一个品牌也曾经是几乎不可能的事。

就连Kellogg’s玉米片的生产商Kellogg’s公司也发现自己的产品被山寨：Kongal 牌玉米条，连包装也几乎一模一样。

不幸的是，和杜邦公司的事件一样，Kellogg’s 公司成功惩罚侵权者的几率几乎为零，因为当地的法律不承认知识产权保护的概念。

幸好，在经过许多轮世贸组织的谈判后，情况大为改观。

然而，跨国公司必须保持警惕，以防被侵权。

总有人试图从别人的研发、投资、商誉中牟利。

如果成果得不到法律保护，创新就是空话。

大学跨文化英语综合教程IUnit2OveremphasisonIndependence课文翻译

大学跨文化英语综合教程IUnit2OveremphasisonIndependence课文翻译Reading & ReflectionOveremphasis on IndependenceEun Y. Kim1 During a vacation to Hawaii, my husband and I noticed an elderly man struggling to push a cartful of groceries. It was hot and humid, and he looked very tired and feeble.I was reminded of my father back in Korea.We cautiously approached the man and politely asked whether he needed any help. He responded rather angrily, “Do I look so weak that I can’t care for myself?” An American friend of mine had a similar experience. He went to a two-day business conference, and at the airport he ran into a woman who had attended the same conference. She was petite and was carrying heavy luggage, so he asked whether he could help her. She quite defensively and decisively stated, “I can do it myself.” Te guiding principle of many Americans is “I’ll do my thing, and you do yours.”2 Although I admire Americans’self-reliance and self-help attitude,their overemphasis on independence causes unnecessary fuss over basic issues, from how to raise a child to how to retire. As soon as my son was four months old, people suggested that he sleep in his own bedroom. They also suggested that I leave him alone at night and ignore him if he cried.In many families in Asia, young couples can afford only a one-bedroom residence. They don’t have the luxury of giving a baby their own room, and even if they do, most don’t want to leave their babies alone. It would be interesting to study whether babies learn to be independent because they are left alone intheir own bedrooms and not given attention when they cry.3 From an Asian point of view, Americans’ individualism is an attempt to deny a natural social structure that exists among humankind. Some people who are obviously in need of help do not ask for it out of fear of being labeled as too dependent. A former professor who was suffering from cancer confessed that his biggest challenge was asking for help. He had been independent all his life. His children had an image of him as an independent man, and he didn’t want that to change. I can fully empathize with the man, because I used to be like him. But I came to learn that interdependence could enrich my life in serendipitous ways.4 My willingness to depend on others helped me make great friends.I could not afford a car in my early years of graduate school. Being independent, I tried to take city buses and school shuttles to go to church,to shop for groceries, or to attend meetings. Gradually when friends offered me a ride home, I began to take them up on their offers. Occasionally,I invited them over for homemade Korean meals, which they gladly accepted, giving us more opportunities to develop a friendship. In this way,we slowly became close friends.5 Willingness to accept others’ help can also benefit those who offer the help. Mary White, a sociologist at Boston University, states that allowing ourselves to be nurtured confers value on the caretaker by giving that person an opportunity to display the valued skill of nurturing. Besides,people who give help become more interested in the people they help.Even within a family, interdependence brings family members closer together, whereas independence can create a sense of self-righteousness and distance. Also, independent people tend to be lesssympathetic toward those who need help. InAfrica, there is a saying that men become men through other men.6 In international business, letting go of pride and asking for help can improve negotiations. One of the mistakes Americans make in negotiating with Asians is that they often present themselves as proud and strong who can do anything. They act as if they can survive and conquer alone. But if they were willing to let go of some of their independence, they could develop allies instead of enemies. An American lawyer who lived and worked in Japan said that when he shared his worry about specific contract terms and conditions with the Japanese, many of them were more than willing to help him. Another American businessman talked about reaching a deadlock in a negotiation session with some Korean partners. When the two sides took a break, he said to one of his Korean partners, “You hold my destiny in your hand.” And he meant it. A fter the break, the Korean negotiators were much more gentle and agreeable, and he learnt that sharing his feelings was his best negotiation strategy.7 Admitting that we need help does not mean admitting weakness.Rather it displays the strength to acknowledge that we need the resources around us. As an Asian saying goes, “If you share your happiness, it will be doubled. If you share your unhappiness, it will be halved.”参考译文过分强调独立金恩英在夏威夷度假期间，我和我丈夫注意到一位年长的男士正费力地推着满满的一车货物。

跨文化交际翻译版

第一章跨文化交际一、什么是文化?1服装风格2就是我的问候3时间的重要性4画5Holiday customs 6 Music 7Foods 8态度的个人空间隐私二、Why Study ICC？1开阔视野（各种文化……）2做一个更好的男人（有礼貌的，知识渊博的，全面的，合作，竞争……）3学习语言技巧（语言文化有着密切的关系，历史……）三、What We Study？Culture and cultural patterns 文化与文化模式Culture and Cultural Context 文化与文化情境Physical Environment and Culture 文化与自然环境Language and Culture 语言和文化Nonverbal Communication 非言语交际Intercultural Adaptation，Intercultural conflict and Intercultural Communication Competence 跨文化适应、冲突及能力的培养四、Nature of ICC。

1 涉及各种领域。

2 跨文化交际指的是解码和编码的信息来自不同文化背景的人五、Why should we learn it?1 To know its 进程2 探讨会发生什么3预测结果可能是 4 避免和解决的问题六、发展的因素关于ICC？1技术发展 2 Globalization 全球化 3 人口迁移七、Globalization。

1 全球化的定义？2 戴安娜公主逝世.An English princess with an Egyptian boyfriend crashes in French tunnel, driving a German car with a Dutch engine, driven by a Belgian (比利时人) who was drunk on Scottish whisky, followed closely by Italian Paparazzi, on Japanese motorcycles; treated by an American doctor, using Brazilian Medicine.英国公主与埃及男友坠毁在法国的隧道，驾驶一辆德国汽车与发动机驱动的荷兰，比利时（比利时人）谁喝苏格兰威士忌，紧随其后的是意大利狗仔队，日本摩托车；治疗的美国医生使用药物，巴西。

跨文化交际课文翻译

Speak‎i ng Engli‎s h with a Japan‎e se mind 日本人在达‎到上学年龄‎后就要学英‎语，这些人在学‎会英语之后‎就可能用英‎语进行对外‎交流，但是他们所‎使用的英语‎要受到他们‎本民族的语‎言和文化的‎影响。

因此这就会‎造成困扰和‎误解在与其‎他用英语的‎人交流时。

AM,当他作为索‎尼公司的首‎席执行官时‎，在一次给美‎国的商学会‎做报告时他‎指出了这两‎种语言的明‎显差异。

他举了一个‎例子，一个美国商‎人向他的一‎个日本生意‎上的伙伴提‎议了一项计‎划。

可是当美国‎人完成时，日本人才开‎始谈论这个‎项目听起来‎多么有趣并‎且他们公司‎也有同样的‎想法。

美国人认为‎这个项目肯‎定会被接受‎。

但是随着辩‎论的拖延，美国人的关‎注也开始减‎弱，然后日本人‎说，不管怎样。

AM告诫说‎，接下来就是‎你要仔细听‎的时候了。

因为真正的‎回答是在那‎个词语的后‎面。

他经常告诫‎他的部下官‎员要用一种‎大多数的使‎用英语的人‎都习惯的方‎式说话，如果他想被‎别人理解。

他还告诫说‎，在日本你可‎能是大多数‎，但是到了国‎外你就是一‎小部分。

要想用一种‎大多数人都‎能最大限度‎的理解你的‎方式说话需‎要更多的语‎法知识和大‎量的词汇。

你必须对你‎所谈话的那‎个人的交流‎方式，社交礼仪，价值观等等‎很熟悉。

日本人的说‎话顺序正好‎和说英语的‎人相反。

甚至就是一‎个非常简单‎的句子，比如英国人‎会说，你得带伞因‎为要下雨。

而日本人会‎说，因为会下雨‎所以你要带‎伞。

不管这种正‎常的表达方‎式的顺序是‎否会控制想‎法顺序还是‎什么，日本人这种‎用不同顺序‎的表达信息‎的方式会让‎那些说英语‎的国家的人‎且对日本语‎言不了解的‎人感到困惑‎。

另一个例子‎就是，一些说英语‎的日本人和‎美国的一些‎领导举行卫‎星电视会议‎来讨论两国‎间的经济和‎贸易关系。

日本的参会‎者说着流利‎的英语，同时会被翻‎译成日语以‎供那些不懂‎得英语的人‎理解。

跨文化交际unit课后trslation中英对照

Unit 1 Page 22The growth of intercultural communication as a field of study is based on a view of history that clearly demonstrates people and cultures have been troubled by a persistent inability to understand and get along with groups and societies removed by space; ideology; appearance; and behavior from their own. What is intriguing about many of human civilization's failure is that they appear to be personal as well as global. The story of humankind is punctuated with instances of face-to-face conflicts as well as international misunderstanding--major and minor quarrels that range from simple name-calling to isolationism or even armed conflict.It is obvious that increased contact with other cultures and subcultures makes it imperative for us to make a concerted effort to get along with and to try to understand people whose beliefs and backgrounds may be vastly different from our own. The ability; through increased awareness and understanding; to peacefully coexist with people who do not necessarily share our lifestyles or values could benefit us not only in our own neighborhoods but could be the decisive factor in maintaining world peace.纵观历史;我们可以清楚地看到;人们由于彼此所处地域、意识形态、容貌服饰和行为举止上存在的差异;而长久无法互相理解、无法和睦相处..在这种情况下;跨文化交际作为一个特定的研究领域得以形成和发展..值得注意的是;人类文明在发展过程中所遭受的许多挫折;既是个人的;又是全球性的；人类历史进程总是充满了个人间的直接冲突和民族间的误解——从骂骂咧咧到孤立主义直至到武装冲突;大大小小争端不绝..很显然;文化间以及亚文化间的交往比以前多了;这迫切要求我们共同努力;去理解有着不同信仰和文化背景的人们;并与之和睦相处..通过加深认识和理解;我们能够与生活方式、价值观念不同的人们和平共处；这不但有益于我们周遭环境的安定;也是维护世界和平的决定性因素..Unit 2 Page 60Culture is sometimes referred to as our mental programming;our “software of the mind. ” But we can take that computer analogy further and say that culture is the operating environment that enables software programs to run. Culture is like DOS or Unix or Windows：it is what enables us to process information in various specific application. The metaphor of windows seems to be very appealing to describe culture: culture is a mental set of windows through which all of life is viewed. It various from individual to individual within a society; but it shares important characteristics with menbers of a society.Culture is like the water fish swim in┄a reality that is taken for granted and rarely examined. it is in the air we breath and is as necessary to our understanding of who we are as air is to our physical life. Culture is the property of a community of people; not simplya characteristic of individuals. Societies are programmed by culture; and that programming comes from similar life experiences and similar interpretations of what those experiences mean.If culture is mental programming; it is also a mental map of reality. It tells us from early childhood what matters; what to prefer; what to avoid; and what to do. Culture also tells us what ought to be. It gives us assumptions about the ideal beyond what individuals may experience. It helps us in sitting priorities. It establishes codes for behavior and provides justification and legitimization for that behavior.文化有时候被称为我们的心智程序;我们“头脑的软件”..但是;我们可以进一步引申这个用电脑所做的类比;把文化看作是支持运行的操作环境..文化就像电脑使用的 DOS 或者 Unix 或者“视窗”Windows等操作系统一样;使我们能在各种各样的实际应用中处理信息.. 用“视窗”这个比喻来描述文化似乎也很有吸引力..文化就是我们心灵的视窗;透过它我们审视生活的方方面面..一个社会中不同个体的视窗是不大一样的;但都有着一些重要的共同特征..文化就好像是鱼畅游于其中的水一般;人们想当然地把文化看成是客观存在的事实;因而很少去研究它..文化存在于我们所呼吸的空气之中;文化对于我们了解我们自身之为何物是必不可少的;就正如生命离不开空气一样..文化是特定群体的共有财产;而不单是个体的特征..社会按照文化设定的程序运作;这种程序来自于相似的生活体验以及对这种生活体验之含义的相似阐释..如果文化是一种心智程序;那么它也是现实的心灵地图..从我们很小的时候开始;文化就告诉我们应该看重什么、偏好什么、规避什么和做些什么;文化还告诉我们事物应该是什么样..文化为我们提供超越个体经验可能的理想典范;帮助我们决定应该优先考虑的人或事.. 文化为我们建立起行为准则;并视遵守这些准则的行为为正当、合法..Unit 3 Page 96Although each of us has a unique set of values; there also are values that tend to permeate a culture. These are called cultural values.Cultural values generally are normative in that they inform a member of a culture what is good and bad; right and wrong; true and false;positive and negative; and the like. Culture values define what is worthwhile to die for; what is worth protecting; what frightens people and their social systems; what are considered proper subjects for study and for ridicule; and what types of events lead individuals to group solidarity. Culture values also specify what behaviors are of importance and which should be avoided within a culture. Values represent a learned organization of rules for making choices and for resolving conflicts.The values held by participants in intercultural communication are important because values develop standards and guidelines that establish appropriate and inappropriate behaviors in a society.Values; in other words; help determine how people ought to behave with the result that people will exhibit and expect behaviorsaccording to their value systems. To the extent that culture value systems differ; we may expect that intercultural communication participants will tend to exhibit and to expect different behaviors under similar circumstances.虽然;我们每个人都有各自一套独特的价值观;但在每一文化里;总有弥漫于整个文化之中的普遍的价值观..这些被称作文化价值观文化价值观通常是规范性的;它使文化的成员知道什么是好的和坏的、什么是正确的和错误的、什么是真的和假的、什么是积极的和消极的;等等..文化价值规定了什么是值得为之献身的;什么是值得维护的;什么会危及人们及其社会制度;什么是学习的恰当内容;什么是可讽刺嘲笑的;什么是形成群体团结的途径..文化价值观也指明了文化中的什么行为是举足轻重的;哪些是应当尽力避免的..价值观是人们在做出抉择和解决争端时作为依据的一种习得的规则体系..跨文化交际的参与者所具有的价值观是十分重要的;因为价值观产生出决定何为正当或不正当社会行为的标准..换言之;价值观有助于人们决定他们的行为方式;以符合他们的价值系统所期望的行为准则..由于文化价值系统之间存在差异;我们可以预见;在相似的情境中;跨文化交际的参与者会表现出并期待着不同的行为..Unit 4 Page 141When we say that language is always ambiguous; what we mean is that we can never fully control the meanings of the things we say and write. The meanings we exchange by speaking and by writing are notgiven in the words and sentences alone but are also constructed partly out of what our listeners and our readers interpret them to mean. To put this quite another way; meaning in language is jointly constructed by the participants in communication.Language is inherently ambiguous. It means that in order to communicate we must always jump to conclusions about what other people mean. There is no way around this.When someone says something; we must jump to some conclusion about what he or she means. We draw inferences based on two main sources: 1 the language they have used; and 2 our knowledge about the world. The knowledge includes expectations about what people would normally say in such circumstances.Language is ambiguous. This means that we can never be certain what the other person means------whether in speaking or writing. To put it another way; language can never fully express our meanings. But what does this mean for intercultural communicationIn the first place it should be clear that communication works better the more the participants share assumptions and knowledge about the world. Where two people have very similar histories; backgrounds; and experiences; their communication works fairly easily because the inferences each makes about what the other means will be based on common experience and knowledge. Two people fromthe same village and the same family are likely to make fewer mistakes in drawing inferences about what the other means than two people from different cities on different sides of the earth.我们说语言总是模糊的;指的是我们所说所写的东西总不能完全表达我们的意图..我们通过说话和写作所传达的意思不仅仅由词语和句子本身决定;听众和读者的理解也起到了一定的作用..换言之;是交际双方共同创造了语言所表达的意思..语言的模糊性是与生俱来的..为了沟通;我们必须自己推断出对方的意思;除此之外别无他法..在理解别人说话时;我们必须推测这些话的意思..这些推测主要基于以下两个来源： 1他们所使用的语言；2我们的世界知识..这种知识包括能够预知在某种特定语境下人们通常会说些什么..语言是模糊的..这意味着无论是读或写;我们永远无法完全地领会他人的意思..换言之; 语言永远无法完全地表达我们的意思..然而;这对跨文化交际意味着什么呢首先必须明白;如果交际参与者拥有更多共同的预期和世界知识;交际便会有比较好的效果..共同的背景、历史和经历使得人们之间的交际较为容易;因为任何一方对另一方用意的推测都基于共同的经验和知识..来自同一个村子、同一个家庭的两个人当然要比来自地球不同半球不同城市的两个人少犯交际上的错误;至少不会在推测对方用意上闹笑话..Unit 5 Page 175Where any two people differ in group membership because they are of different genders; different age; different ethnic and differentcultural groups; different educations; different parts of the same country or even city; different income or occupational groups; or with very different personal histories; each will find it mire difficult to draw inferences about what the other person means.In the contemporary world of international and intercultural communication; the differences between people are considerable. People are in daily contact with members of cultures and other groups from all around the world. Successful communication is based on sharing as much as possible the assumptions we make about what other mean; when we are communicating about what they mean; and so it is impossible to depend on shared knowledge and background for confidence in our interpretations.It has been found that men and women from the same culture; even from the same families; often misunderstand each other because of different assumptions they make about the purposes or goals they communication.A man may wish to make a woman happy by giving her a gift of something she really wants. He asked her what her would like to have for her birthday-she can ask foe anything. Unfortunately; what she wants more than anything else is for him to know intuitively what she would like to have. Men and women; at least in North American society; tend to differ in their concern for explicitness or for indirection. A woman is likely to think it is important for someone to show how well heknows her by not having to ask explicitly what she wants. A man in that situation; however; feels best about the situation if he is told quite directly and explicitly how he can make her happy.由于在性别、年龄、种族或文化群体、教育、国家或城市的地域、收入或职业群体、个人经历等各方面的差异;人们分属不同的语言群体;这些差异使我们很难完全领会另一个群体成员所表达的意思..在当今世界的跨文化交际中;人们之间的差异是相当大的..人们每天要与来自世界各地不同文化背景、不同群体的人交往;成功交际的关键在于尽可能地共享对话语意义的推定.. 当我们与迥然不同的人打交道时;我们往往不知道该怎样推导出他们的语句意义..因此;在交际过程中;就很难依靠共享的知识和背景来有把握地诠释他人表达的意义..就是来自相同文化、甚至相同家庭中的男性和女性也会经常误解对方的意思;原因是男性和女性对交际目的有不同的预期..为了让女人高兴;男人要送她一件她真正想要的礼物.. 他问女人想要什么礼物——哪怕是上天摘星星..糟糕的是;女人最想要的却是男人可以凭直觉就知道她想要的是什么..至少在北美社会中;男性和女性对于表达的看法往往不同：前者倾向于直接明了;后者则倾向于间接委婉..女性觉得不用直接问就知道她想要什么是很重要的..男性则觉得;如果女性能爽快地告诉他怎样做才能让她高兴就再好不过了..Unit 6 Page 215Non-verbal communication might be thought of as any form of communication which is not directly dependent on the use of language.Generally speaking; h owever; it’s a little difficult to know where to separate verbal and non-verbal forms of communication. Such non-verbal aspects of communications as nodding the head most often accompany speech and are part and parcel of the verbal system of language use. On the other hand such forms of communication as dance and music often have no verbal component at all. What we want to do here is simply to call attention to the fact that many aspects of human interaction depend upon forms of communication which cannot be easily transcribed into words and yet are crucial to our understanding of each other.Of course we have to emphasize the importance of communication also takes place without the writing; and yet we should also realize that much communication also takes place without the use of words. The way a person dressed for a meeting may suggest to other participants how he or she is prepared to participate in it. In fact; we can use virtually any aspect of our behavior or our presentation which others can perceive as a means of communication.非言语交际被认为是不直接依靠语言使用的任何交际方式..然而;一般来说;很难知道言语交际方式与非言语交际方式的区分到底在哪儿..有些非言语交际方式;例如点头;总是伴随着言语;而且是语言使用时言语系统的一部分..另一方面;像舞蹈和音乐等交际形式常常是没有任何言语成分的..我们在这里想做的只是要引起大家对一个事实的注意;即人类交往的许多方面都依赖于那些不能轻易转换为言语、但却对我们相互理解至关重要的交际形式..当然; 我们不能不强调口语和书面语交际的重要性;然而我们也必须意识到许多交际的发生并不使用语言..一个人出席会议时的穿着会可能是暗示其他与会者;他或她打算如何参与会议..事实上;我们能运用我们行为或表现的任何方面来和他人进行交际..。

大学英语跨文化交际教程翻译杨晓萍陶岳炼主编

Unit1 passage AThe English characterToo the Europeans, the best known quality of the British is "reserve".A reserved person is one who does not talk very much to strangers, does not show much emotion, and seldom gets excited. It is difficult to get to know a reserved person; he never tells you anything about himself, and you may work with him for years without ever knowing where he lives, how many children he has, and what his interests are. English people tend to be like that. If they are making a journey by bus, they will do their best to find an empty seat; if by train, an empty compartment. If they have to share the compartment with a stranger, they may travel many miles without starting a conversation. If a conversation does start, personal questions like "How old are you?" or even "What is your name?" are not easily asked. Questions like "Where did you buy your watch?" or "What is your salary?" are almost impossible. Similarly, conversation in Britain is in general quiet and restrained and loud speech is considered ill-bred.This unwillingness to communicate with others is an unfortunate quality in some ways, since it tends to give the impression of coldness, and it is true that the English (except perhaps in the North) are not noted for their generosity and hospitality. On the other hand, they are perfectly human behind their barrier of reserve, and may be quite pleased when a friendly stranger or foreigner succeeds for a time in breaking the barrier down.Closely related to English reserve is English modesty. Within their hearts, the English are perhaps no less conceited than anybody else, but in their relations with others they value at least a show of modesty. Self-praise is felt to be ill-bred. If a person is, let us say, very good at tennis, and someone asks him if he is a good player, he will seldom reply "Yes," because people will think him conceited. He will probably give an answer like, "I'm not bad," or "Well, I'm very keen on tennis." This self-deprecation is typically English, and, mixed with their reserve, it often produces a sort of general air of indifference which appears to foreigners difficult to understand and even irritating.The famous English sense of humor is similar. Its starting point is self-deprecation, and its great enemy is conceit. It’s ideal is the ability to laugh at oneself —at one's own faults, one's own failures and embarrassments, even at one's own ideals. The criticism, "He has no sense of humor," is very commonly heard in Britain, where humor is so highly prized. A sense of humor is an attitude to life rather than the mere ability to laugh at jokes. This attitude is never cruel or disrespectful or malicious. The English do not laugh at a cripple or a madman, a tragedy or an honorable failure. Sympathy or admiration for artistic skill are felt to be stronger than laughter.Like a sense of humor, sportsmanship is an English ideal which not all Englishmen live up to. It must be realized that sport in its modern form is almost entirely a British invention. Boxing, association football, tennis and cricketwere all first organized and given rules in Britain. Rules are the essence of sport, and sportsmanship is the ability to practise a sport in obedience to its rules, while also showing generosity to one's opponent and good temper in defeat. Moreover, sportsmanship as an ideal is applied to life in general. One of the most elementary rules of life is "never hit a man when he's down"─in other words, never take advantage of another person's misfortune. English school-boys often show this sense of sportsmanship to a surprisingly high degree in their relations with each other.译文：对于其他欧洲人来说，英国人最著名的特点是“谨慎”。

跨文化交际-其他要点翻译

跨文化部分要点翻译注：不是所有划出部分都翻译了。

配套的有Chapter 2的翻译。

P28The Value of Cultural Stereotypes文化角色定型的价值Culture dictates how people generally think and interact with each other in society.文化造成人们的普遍怎么认为和在社会中的互动。

A stereotype is really a composite of the cultural mores of a society and in many cases can be narrowed to a specific region.角色定型实在是一个综合的社会文化习俗，而且，在许多情况下它可以被缩小到一特定区域。

To stereotype is to formulate a standardized image of a group that assigns that group a number of characteristics that helps to simplify what would otherwise be a very complex task of identification.角色定型，是制定一个组的标准化形象，分配给该组一些特点，有助于简化原本非常复杂的鉴定任务。

By looking at the cultural components and traits, an accurate model—a stereotype, if you will—of how an individual from a certain culture is likely to act can be constructed.通过观察文化内容和特点，一个准确的模型——一个角色定型，如果你可以——可以从一个特定文化的个体可能如何行动这方面来构造。

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大学英语跨文化交际教程翻译 杨晓萍 陶岳炼 主编

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大学英语跨文化交际教程翻译杨晓萍陶岳炼主编

大学英语跨文化交际教程翻译杨晓萍陶岳炼主编

大学英语跨文化交际教程翻译杨晓萍陶岳炼主编

大学英语跨文化交际教程翻译杨晓萍陶岳炼主编