固体物理英语词汇
物理英语词汇大全掌握物理学与自然力的相关英语词汇
物理英语词汇大全掌握物理学与自然力的相关英语词汇物理英语词汇大全：掌握物理学与自然力的相关英语词汇在学习物理学和理解自然力的过程中，掌握相关的英语词汇是至关重要的。
下面是一份物理英语词汇大全，旨在帮助您扩展词汇量和加深对物理学的理解。
请注意，本文按照词汇类别进行组织，以便更好地学习和记忆。
一、力学（Mechanics）1. 物体（Objects）- Matter 物质- Solid 固体- Liquid 液体- Gas 气体- Mass 质量- Weight 重量2. 运动（Motion）- Motion 运动- Speed 速度- Velocity 速率- Acceleration 加速度- Inertia 惯性- Force 力- Friction 摩擦力- Momentum 动量- Energy 能量3. 力（Force）- Gravity 重力- Magnetic force 磁力- Electrostatic force 静电力 - Tension 张力- Normal force 法向力- Applied force 外力- Spring force 弹力- Centripetal force 向心力4. 静力学（Statics）- Equilibrium 平衡- Torque 扭矩- Center of mass 质心- Center of gravity 重心二、热学（Thermodynamics）1. 温度（Temperature）- Temperature 温度- Heat 热量- Celsius 摄氏度- Fahrenheit 华氏度- Kelvin 开尔文2. 热传导（Heat conduction） - Conduction 导热- Conductor 导体- Insulator 绝缘体- Thermal energy 热能- Heat transfer 热传递3. 热膨胀（Thermal expansion）- Expansion 膨胀- Contraction 收缩- Coefficient of expansion 膨胀系数- Thermal expansion and contraction 热胀冷缩4. 热循环（Heat cycles）- Carnot cycle 卡诺循环- Thermal efficiency 热效率三、电学（Electricity）1. 电荷（Charge）- Charge 电荷- Electric field 电场- Electric potential 电势- Conductors 传导体- Insulators 绝缘体- Capacitors 电容器2. 电流（Current）- Current 电流- Ampere 安培- Voltage 电压- Resistance 电阻- Ohm's law 欧姆定律- Circuit 电路- Series circuit 串联电路- Parallel circuit 并联电路3. 磁学（Magnetism）- Magnetism 磁性- Magnetic field 磁场- Magnetic force 磁力- Electromagnetism 电磁学- Electromagnetic induction 电磁感应四、光学（Optics）1. 光线（Light）- Light 光线- Transparent 透明- Translucent 半透明- Opaque 不透明- Reflection 反射- Refraction 折射- Diffraction 衍射- Polarization 偏振2. 透镜（Lenses）- Lens 透镜- Convex lens 凸透镜- Concave lens 凹透镜- Focal point 焦点3. 光谱学（Spectroscopy）- Spectroscope 分光镜- Spectrum 光谱- Electromagnetic spectrum 电磁频谱 - Visible light 可见光- Infrared 红外线- Ultraviolet 紫外线五、原子与核能（Atomic and Nuclear Energy）1. 原子结构（Atomic structure）- Atom 原子- Proton 质子- Neutron 中子- Electron 电子- Nucleus 核子2. 辐射（Radiation）- Radiation 辐射- Radioactive 放射性- Alpha particle α粒子- Beta particle β粒子- Gamma ray γ射线3. 核能（Nuclear energy）- Nuclear fission 核裂变- Nuclear fusion 核聚变- Nuclear power station 核电站- Radioactive waste 放射性废料这份物理英语词汇大全涵盖了物理学与自然力的关键词汇，供您学习和参考。
常用物理英语词汇(全)
常用物理英语词汇（全）1. Acceleration（加速度）：物体速度变化的快慢程度。
2. Angular Momentum（角动量）：物体旋转运动中的一种守恒量。
3. Buoyancy（浮力）：液体或气体对浸入其中的物体产生的向上推力。
4. Capacitance（电容）：电容器储存电荷的能力。
5. Conductivity（电导率）：物质导电能力的强弱。
6. Current（电流）：电荷的流动。
7. Density（密度）：单位体积内物质的质量。
8. Electric Field（电场）：带电物体周围空间对其他带电物体产生力的区域。
9. Energy（能量）：物体做功或传递热量的能力。
10. Force（力）：物体间的相互作用，使物体发生形变或改变运动状态。
11. Frequency（频率）：单位时间内完成周期性变化的次数。
12. Gravity（重力）：地球对物体的吸引力。
13. Impulse（冲量）：力在一段时间内对物体的作用效果。
14. Inductance（电感）：线圈产生磁场的能力。
15. Inertia（惯性）：物体保持原有运动状态不变的性质。
16. Kinetic Energy（动能）：物体因运动而具有的能量。
17. Magnetism（磁性）：物质在磁场中表现出的性质。
18. Momentum（动量）：物体运动状态的量度，等于质量与速度的乘积。
19. Ohm's Law（欧姆定律）：电流、电压和电阻之间的关系。
20. Potential Energy（势能）：物体因位置或状态而具有的能量。
21. Power（功率）：单位时间内完成的功。
22. Pressure（压强）：单位面积上受到的力。
23. Resistance（电阻）：电流在电路中流动时遇到的阻碍。
24. Scalar（标量）：只有大小，没有方向的物理量。
25. Speed（速度）：物体单位时间内移动的距离。
固体物理 英文
固体物理英文
固体物理学（solid state physics）是研究固体的物理性质、微观结构、固体中各种粒子运动形态和规律及它们相互关系的学科，是物理学的重要分支，涉及力学、热学、声学、电学、磁学和光学等各方面的内容。
固体物理的研究对象包括晶体、非晶体、液体和金属等，其研究方法包括X射线衍射、中子衍射等。
本学科是材料和器件物理的重要理论基础，是物理专业学生一门重要的较为综合的课程，对于学生获取有关学科的基础知识、培养科学思维、训练解决具体问题的能力等方面都非常有益。
固体物理名词解释总结
固体物理名词解释总结固体物理是研究固体物质性质及其在物理学和工程中的应用的学科领域。
以下是一些常见的固体物理名词和解释：1. 纹波结构（Wavestructure）：固体物质中存在的周期性排列的结构，如晶格结构或周期性的自旋排列。
2. 晶体（Crystal）：具有有序的三维排列的原子、分子或离子的固体物质。
晶体具有定向性和周期性。
3. 非晶体（Amorphous）：没有长程有序结构的固体物质。
非晶体具有随机的结构排列。
4. 晶格（Lattice）：晶体中原子、分子或离子的周期性排列。
晶格是晶体性质的基础。
5. 倍半径（Ionic Radius）：离子半径的测量。
离子半径是指正负电荷中心到离子外部电子排布边缘的距离。
6. 位错（Dislocation）：晶体中存在的原子排列异常或错位的部分。
位错对材料的力学性质和导电性质起着重要作用。
7. 赝势（Pseudopotential）：一种近似描述原子中电子-核子相互作用的计算方法。
赝势可以简化计算，提高计算效率。
8. 激子（Exciton）：由于电子与空穴之间的库伦相互作用形成的粒子。
激子可以通过吸收或发射光子来转换能量。
9. 能带（Energy band）：固体物质中电子能量的禁闭区域。
能带理论用来解释导体、绝缘体和半导体的性质。
10. 考虑自旋（Spintronics）：一种利用电子的自旋来储存和传输信息的技术。
与传统电子学不同，考虑自旋可以提供更高的信息存储密度和更低的功耗。
以上是一些常见的固体物理名词的解释，这个领域还有很多其他的名词和概念。
物理专业英语词汇(P)
物理专业英语词汇(P)物理专业英语词汇(P)物理专业英语词汇(P)p i n diodep i n 极管p i n junctionp i n 结p n i p transistorp n i p 晶体管p n junctionp n 结p n p junctionp n p 结p n p n junctionp n p n 结p n p n transistorp n p n 晶体管p p junctionp p 结p type semiconductorp 型半导体p wavep 波pachymeter测厚计packing填塞packing effect聚集效应packing fraction聚集率packing loss聚集效应padua model of the nucleon核子的帕多瓦模型pair偶pair annihilation偶湮没pair correlation function对相关函数pair creation偶产生pair interaction偶相互酌pair potential对势pair production偶产生pairing energy对能pairing interaction偶相互酌pairing rotation对转动pairing vibration对振动palaeo astrobiology古天体生物学palaeomagnetism古地磁学palaeovolcanology古火山学paleobiogeochemistry古生物地球化学palladium钯panalyzor多能分析仪panofsky ratio帕诺夫斯基比panoramic lens全景镜头panoramic telescope全景望远镜paper capacitor纸电容器paper chromatography纸色谱法para state仲态para statistics仲统计法parabola抛物线parabolic antenna抛物面天线parabolic curve抛物曲线parabolic orbit抛物线轨道parabolic potential抛物线势parabolic reflector抛物面反射器parabolic type抛物型paraboloid抛物面paraboloid of revolution回转抛物面paracrystal仲晶paradox佯谬parahelium仲氦parahydrogen仲氢parallactic angle视差角parallactic ellipse视差椭圆parallactic motion视差动parallax视差parallel circuit并联电路parallel connection并联parallel cuty 切割parallel displacement平行位移parallel plate capacitor平行板形电容器parallel plate condenser平行板形电容器parallelogram of forces力平行四边形paramagnet顺磁体paramagnetic absorption顺磁性吸收paramagnetic element顺磁性元素paramagnetic material顺磁物质paramagnetic relaxation顺磁弛豫paramagnetic resonance顺磁共振paramagnetic resonance absorption顺磁共振吸收paramagnetic substance顺磁物质paramagnetic susceptibility顺磁磁化率paramagnetism顺磁性paramagnon顺磁振子parameter参量parameter of state态变数parametric amplifier参量放大器parametric excitation参量激发parametron参数器parasitic ferromagnetism寄生铁磁性parasitic oscillation寄生振荡parasitic resonance寄生共振paraterm仲项paraxial rays近轴光线parent element母元素parent mass peak原始峰parent peak原始峰parhelium仲氦parity宇称parity conservation law宇称守恒律parity violation宇称不守恒parsec秒差距partial dislocation分位错partial equilibrium部分平衡partial polarization部分偏振partial pressure分压partial wave分波partial wave analysis分波分析partial wave expansion分波展开partially conserved axial vector current轴矢量分守恒partially polarized light部分偏振光particle粒子particle acceleration粒子加速particle accelerator粒子加速器particle antiparticle conjugation正反粒子共轭particle aspect of matter物质的粒子观点particle beam粒子束particle booster注入加速器particle collisions粒子碰撞particle concentration粒子浓度particle counter粒子计数器particle hole interaction粒子空穴相互酌particle hole theory粒子空穴理论particle hole transformation粒子空穴变换particle particle correlation粒子粒子相关particle separation粒子分离particle separator粒子分离器particle track detector粒子径迹探测器particle transfer reaction粒子转移反应partition function统计和parton model部分子模型pascal帕pascal's principle帕斯卡原理paschen back effect帕邢巴克效应paschen runge mounting帕邢朗格装置paschen series帕邢系passive electric circuit无源电路passive network无源网络passive state被动状态passivity被动状态path路径path difference程差path integral路径积分path of vision视线path tracking跟踪飞行轨道pattern图形pattern recognition图样识别patterson function帕特森函数patterson method帕特森方法pauli approximation泡利近似pauli exclusion principle泡利不相容原理pauli matrix泡利矩阵pauli paramagnetism泡利顺磁性pauli principle泡利不相容原理pauli spinor泡利旋量pauli villars regularization泡利维拉斯正规化pavo孔雀座peak峰peak energy峰值能量峰peak power峰值功率peak voltage峰压pearl necklace model珍珠颈挂式模型peculiar galaxy特殊星系peculiar minor planet特殊小行星pegasus飞马座peierls potential佩尔斯势peierls transition佩尔斯跃迁pellet compression靶丸压缩pellet implosion靶丸爆聚pellets靶丸peltier effect珀耳帖效应pencil束pencil beam survey深巡天pencil of light光束pendular oscillation摆振动pendulum摆pendulum clock摆钟penetrability贯穿性penetrating power贯穿本领penetrating shower贯穿簇射penetration depth穿透深度penetration depth of london伦敦穿透深度penetrometer透度计penning discharge彭宁放电penning effect彭宁效应penning gage彭宁真空计penning ion source彭宁离子源penning ionization彭宁电离penrose diagramm彭罗斯图形penrose lattice彭罗斯点阵penrose tile彭罗斯点阵pentagonal prism五角棱镜pentane lamp戊烷灯pentode五极管pentration贵穿penumbra半影percent百分率percolating network渗透网络percolation渗滤percussion冲击perfect conductivity理想导电性perfect conductor理想导体perfect cosmological principle完全宇宙原理perfect crystal理想晶体perfect diamagnetism理想抗磁性perfect elasto plastic body完全弹塑性体perfect fluid完全铃perfect gas理想气体perfect liquid理想液体perfect polarization全极化perfect solution理想溶液perfectly black body绝对黑体perfectly elastic body完全弹性体perfectly elastic collision完全弹性碰撞perfectly inelastic collision完全非弹性碰撞period周期period luminosity relation周期光度关系period of oscillation振荡周期period of revolution公转周期periodic comet周期彗星periodic error周期误差periodic law周期律periodic motion周期运动periodic orbit周期轨道periodic potential周期势periodic system周期系periodic table周期表periodic zone周期带peripheral collision边缘碰撞peripheral reaction圆周反应peripheral vision周边视觉periscope潜望镜permalloy坡莫合金permanent magnet永磁铁permeability磁导率permeameter磁导计permeance磁导permissible dose容许剂量permissible error容许误差permissible stress容许应力permissible tolerance容许剂量permitted line容许谱线permittivity介电常数permutation排列permutation group置换群permutation operator置换算符perovskite structure钙钛矿型结构perpendicular band正交带perpendicular susceptibility垂直磁化率perpetual mobile永恒机关perpetual motion永恒运动perpetuum mobile永动机perpetuum mobile of the first kind第一类永动机perpetuum mobile of the second kind第二类永动机perseus英仙座persistence of vision视觉暂留persistent current持久电流persistent line暂留谱线personal computer个人计算机personal error人为误差personal monitor个人剂量计personal monitoring个人监测perturbation微扰perturbation energy微扰能perturbation method摄动法perturbation theory微扰理论perturbed motion受摄运动perveance电子管导电系数peta拍它petra正负电子串列存储环型加速器petra pfund series芬德系phantom人体模型phase相位phase advance capacitor相位超前电容器phase angle相位角phase average相平均phase boundary相界phase coherent state相位相干态phase conjugate interferometry相位共轭干涉法phase contrast相衬phase contrast method相衬法phase contrast microscope相衬显微镜phase diagram平衡图phase difference相位差phase discriminator相位鉴别器鉴相器phase displacement相移phase distortion相位畸变phase equilibrium相平衡phase grating相位衍射光栅phase hologram相位全息图phase locked loop锁相环路phase locking锁相phase locking technique锁相法phase margin相位容限phase matching相位平衡phase meter功率因数计phase mode相位模phase modulation掂phase orbit相轨道phase oscillation相位振动phase retrieval相位复原phase rule相律phase sensitive detection相敏检波phase separation相分离phase shift相移phase shift oscillator相移振荡器phase shifter移相器phase space相宇phase space average相平均phase stability相位稳定性phase transformation相变phase transition相变phase transition of the first kind第一类相变phase transition of the second kind第二类相变phase transition of vacuum真空相变phase velocity相速度phase voltage相电压phase volume相体积phason起伏量子phasotron稳相加速器phenomenon现象phoenix凤凰座phon方phonometer声响度计phonon声子phonon drag声子曳引phonon echo声子回波phonon excitation声子激发phosphor磷光体phosphorescence磷光phot辐透photo acoustic spectroscopy光声光谱学photo magnetoelectric effect光磁电效应photoacoustics光声学photoactivation光激活photobiology光生物学photocathode光电阴极photocell光电池photoceram光敏玻璃陶瓷photochemical reaction光化反应photochemical system光化学系统photochemistry光化学photochromic glass光变色玻璃photocolorimeter光电比色计photoconduction光电导photoconductive cell光电导管photoconductive effect内光电效应photoconductivity光电导性photocurrent光电流photodensitometer光密度计photodensitometry光密度分析法photodetachment光致脱离photodetector光探测器photodiode光电二极管photoeffect光电效应photoelastic effect光弹性效应photoelastic holography光弹性全息照相photoelasticimeter光致弹性测量计photoelasticity光弹性photoelectret光永电体photoelectric absorption光电吸收photoelectric cell光电池photoelectric current光电流photoelectric effect光电效应photoelectric emission光电发射photoelectric microphotometer光电测微光度计photoelectric photometer光电光度计photoelectric photometry光电测光photoelectric pyrometer光电高温计photoelectric threshold光电阈photoelectric tube光电管photoelectricity光电photoelectromagnetic effect光电磁效应photoelectron光电子photoelectron spectroscopy光电子谱学photoemission光电发射photoexcitation光激发photofission光核裂变photogalvanic effect光生伏打效应photographic apparatus照相机photographic camera照相机photographic density照相密度photographic emulsion照相乳胶photographic film软片photographic lens照相物镜photographic magnitude照相星等photographic material照相材料photographic photometry照相测光学photographic plate照相底板photographic telescope天体照相机photography照相术photogun光电子枪photoionization光致电离photoirradiation光致辐照photoluminescence光致发光photolysis光解酌photomagnetic effect光磁效应photometer光度计photometric cube光度计立方体photometric distance测光距离photometric elements测光要素photometric quantity光度量photometric standard光度学标准photometric unit光度单位photometric wedge测光楔photometrical paradox奥伯斯佯谬photometry光度学photomicrograph显微镜照片photomicroscopic显微照相机photomultiplier光电倍增管photomultiplier tube光电倍增管photon光子photon counting method光子计数法photon coupled pair光导发光元件photon echo光子回波photon gas光子气体photon packet光子束photonegative effect负光电效应photoneutron光中子photonuclear fission光核裂变photonuclear reaction光核反应photophoresis光致迁动photopic vision亮视觉photoplate照相底板photoradiometer光辐射计photorecorder自动记录照相机photoresist光致抗蚀剂photosemiconductor光半导体photosensitive resin光敏尸photosensitivity光灵敏度photosensitization光敏化photosphere光球photostatistics光子统计学photosynthesis光合酌phototelegraphy传真photothermal displacement光照位移phototransistor光电晶体管photovisual magnitude仿视星等photovoltaic effect光生伏打效应physical chaos物理混沌physical chemistry物理化学physical constant物理常数physical double star物理双星physical libration物理天平动physical mathematics物理数学physical oceanography海洋物理学physical optics物理光学physical pendulum复摆physical photometer物理光度计physical photometry物理光度学physical property物理性质physical quantity物理量physical roentgen equivalent物理伦琴当量physical variable物理变星physicist物理学家physico chemical物理化学的physics物理学physics of heat热物理学physics of metals金属物理学physiological acoustics生理声学pi bond键pi electron电子pi electron approximation电子近似pi meson介子pi orbital轨道pick up reaction拾取反应pico微微picofarad微微法picosecond微微秒picosecond laser微微秒激光器picosecond light pulse微微秒光脉冲picosecond spectroscopy微微秒光谱学pictor绘架座pid action比例积分微分酌pierce type crystal oscillator皮尔斯石英振荡器pierce type electron gun皮尔斯电子枪piezo ceramic element压电陶瓷元件piezo semiconductor transducer压电半导体换能器piezoceramics压电陶瓷piezochromism受压变色piezoelectric压电piezoelectric actuator压电传动装置piezoelectric axis压电轴piezoelectric constant压电常数piezoelectric crystal压电晶体piezoelectric effect压电效应piezoelectric element压电元件piezoelectric loudspeaker压电扬声器piezoelectric modulus压电模量piezoelectric oscillator压电振荡器piezoelectric polaron压电极化子piezoelectric transducer压电转换器piezoelectric vibration压电振动piezoelectricity压电piezometer液体压力计piezoresistor压电电阻器piezotropy压性pile反应堆pile oscillator反应堆振荡器pile up effect脉冲堆积效应pilot lamp指示灯pinch effect箍缩效应pinching自压缩pinhole camera针孔照相机pinning锁住pinning center锁住中心pinning force锁住力pinning potential锁住势pion介子pion beam介子束pion condensation介子凝聚pionic atom介原子pionization介子化过程pipe导管pipe line导管pippard equation皮帕德方程pirani gage皮拉尼压力计pisces双鱼座piscis austrinus南鱼座pitot tube皮托管planar transistor平面晶体管planck mass普朗克质量planck time普朗克时间planck's constant普朗克常数planck's function普朗克函数planck's fundamental length普朗克基本长度planck's law of radiation普朗克辐射定律plane concave lens平凹透镜plane convex lens平凸透镜plane fault面缺陷plane grating平面光栅plane mirror平面镜plane of incidence入射面plane of polarization偏光面plane of projection射影平面plane of symmetry对称面plane polarization平面偏振plane polarized light平面偏振光plane polarized wave平面偏振波plane wave平面波planet行星planetarium天象仪planetary aberration行星光行差planetary cosmogony行星演化学planetary geology行星地质学planetary nebula行星状星云planetary system行星系planetesimal theory星子论planetesimals星子planetoid小行星planimeter测面仪plano concave lens平凹透镜plano convex lens平凸透镜plano cylindrical lens平圆柱透镜plano spherical lens平面球面透镜plasma等离子体plasma accelerator等离子体加速器plasma balance等离子体平衡plasma cluster等离子粒团plasma confinement等离子体禁闭plasma containment等离子体禁闭plasma diagnostics等离子体诊断学plasma dispersion function等离子体弥散函数plasma echo等离子体回波plasma engine等离子体发动机plasma focus等离子体聚焦点plasma frequency等离子体频率plasma gun等离子体枪plasma heating等离子体加热plasma instability等离子体不稳定性plasma membrane原生质膜plasma oscillation等离子体振荡plasma physics等离子体物理学plasma potential等离子体势plasma source等离子体源plasma wave等离子体波plasmapause等离子体层顶plasmasphere等离子层plasmoid等离子粒团plasmon等离振子plasmon excitation等离振子激发plastic anisotropy塑性蛤异性plastic deformation塑性变形plastic flow塑性怜plastic material塑胶plastic potential塑性势plastic wave塑性波plastic yield塑性屈服plasticity塑性plastics塑胶plate正极plate battery阳极电池组plate circuit板极电路plate current板极电流plate detection板极检波plate resistance板极电阻plate tectonics板块构造plate voltage板极电压plateau坪platinum铂platinum group elements铂族元素platinum resistance thermometer铂电阻温度计pleochroic halo多向色晕pleochroism多色性pleochromatism多色性plk methodplk 法plot标绘plotter标绘器plug插头plural scattering多重散射plus加plus sign加号pluto冥王星plutonium钚plutonium reactor钚堆plutonium regeneration钚再生pluviometer雨量器pneumatic laser气动激光器pockels cell波克尔斯盒pocket dosimeter袖珍剂量计pocket of air气囊point at infinity无穷远点point charge点电荷point contact rectifier点接触整流point contact transistor点接触晶体管point defect点缺陷point discharge尖端放电point group点群point lattice点晶格point of action酌点point of application酌点point of contact接触点point source of light点光源poise泊poiseuille flow泊萧叶怜poiseuille's law泊萧叶定律poisson bracket泊松括号poisson equation泊松方程poisson process泊松过程poisson's ratio泊松比polar aurora极光polar binding极性键polar bond极性键polar cap极冠polar cap absorption极冠吸收polar crystal极性晶体polar gas极性气体polar light极光polar liquid极性液体polar molecule极性分子polar motion极运动polar sequence北极星序polar telescope天极仪polar triangle极三角形polar vector极矢量polar wandering极运动polar year极年polarimeter偏振计polarimetry测偏振术polaris北极星polarisation angle布儒斯特偏振角polariscope偏振光镜polariton电磁耦合振子polarity极性polarizability极化率polarizability ellipsoid极化率椭球polarization极化polarization charge极化电荷polarization current极化电流polarization curve极化曲线polarization factor极化因数polarization filter偏振滤光镜polarization force极化力polarization interferometer偏振干涉仪polarization microscope偏光显微镜polarization of neutron中子的极化polarization orbital极化轨道polarization potential极化势polarization spectroscopy偏振光光谱学polarized beam极化束polarized ion source极化离子源polarized light偏振光polarized neutron diffraction technique极化中子衍射法polarized nucleus极化核polarized raman scattering偏振喇曼散射polarized relay极化继电器polarized target极化靶polarizer起偏器偏振器polarizing filter偏振滤光镜polarizing microscope偏光显微镜polarizing prism偏振棱镜polarograph极谱仪polarography极谱学polaroid偏光片polaron极化子pole极pole of ecliptic黄极pole piece极片pole shoe极片pole strength磁极强度polestar北极星polhode心迹线polishing抛光poloidal magnetic field极向磁场polonium钋polyatomic molecule多原子分子polycondensation缩聚酌polycrystal多晶polycrystalline material多晶物质polydisperse system多色散系polygon of forces力多边形polygonization多边形化polymer聚合物polymer complex聚合络合物polymer crystal聚合晶体polymer effect聚合效应polymerization聚合polymerization of protein蛋白质聚合polymolecularity多分子性polymorphism多形性polyphase多相polyphase current多相电流polytrope多变性polytropic change多方状态变化polytropic index多方指标polytropic process多变过程pomeranchuk effect坡密朗丘克效应pomeranchuk theorem坡密兰丘克定理pomeron坡密子pool type reactor池式堆population全域population inversion粒子数反转pore小黑子porosity多孔性porous flow多孔流position位置position resolution位置分辨率position sensitive detector对位置灵敏的探测器position vector位置矢量positive正片positive charge正电菏positive column阳极区positive crystal正晶体positive electricity正电positive electrode阳极positive electron正电子positive element正元素positive eyepiece正目镜positive feedback正反馈positive hole空子positive ion阳离子positive lens正透镜positive magnetostriction正磁致伸缩positive meniscus凹凸透镜positive meson正介子positive rays阳射线positon正电子positron正电子positron annihilation正电子湮没positron beam正电子束positron channeling正电子沟道positron electron annihilation偶湮没positron electron tandem ring accelerator正负电子串列存储环型加速器petrapositron emission正电子发射positron factory正电子工厂positron spectroscopy正电子谱学positronium电子偶素post newtonian approximation后牛顿近似post nova燃后新星post post newtonian approximation后后牛顿近似potassium钾potassium dihydrogenphosphate磷酸二氢钾potential势potential barrier势垒potential difference势差potential divider分压器potential energy势能potential energy curve势能曲线potential field势场potential flow势流potential function势函数potential instability对粱稳定性potential motion势运动potential scattering势散射potential well势阱potentiometer电位计potts model波特模型pound磅powder camera粉末照相机powder diffraction method粉末法powder pattern粉末干涉象powder photography粉末照相术power功率power amplification功率放大power demonstration reactor动力示范堆power density功率密度power dissipation耗散功率power factor功率因数power factor meter功率因数计power gain功率增益power of a lens透镜的焦强power reactor动力堆power tube功率管poynting robertson effect坡印廷罗伯逊效应poynting's vector坡印廷矢量practical system of units实用单位制prandtl number普朗特数praseodymium镨pre vacuum初真空pre vacuum pump预备真空泵preacceleration预加速preaccelerator前加速器preamplifier前置放大器precession旋进precession camera旋进照相机precession of orbit轨道旋进precessional constant岁差常数precious metal贵金属precipitation沉淀precision精密度precision measurement精密测量predict earthquake with catfish用鲶鱼预报地震prediction预报prediction of solar activity太阳活动预告predissociation预离解preferential recombination优选复合preionization预电离preliminary vacuum初真空pressure压力pressure broadening压力增宽pressure coefficient压力系数pressure dispersion压力弥散pressure drag压力阻pressure drop压降pressure gage压力表pressure head压头pressure height equation气压测高公式pressure of light光压pressure of water vapor水汽压pressure sensitive diode压力敏感二极管pressure sensitive transistor压力敏感晶体管pressure tensor压强张量pressurized air压缩空气pressurized water reactor压水堆primakoff effect普里马科夫效应primary battery原电池primary beam初级束流原射线束primary cell原电池primary circuit原电路primary colors原色primary cosmic radiation原宇宙辐射primary cosmic rays原宇宙射线primary electron原电子primary energy一次能量primary ionization一次电离primary rainbow昼primary recrystallization一次再结晶primary standard原标准primary star智primary target初始靶primary thermometer初始温度计primary voltage初级电压prime meridian零子午线prime vertical卯酉圈primeval galaxy原始星系primitive black hole原始黑洞primitive lattice初基点阵primordial solar nebula太阳系星云principal axes of stress应力轴principal axis轴principal axis of inertia惯性轴principal index for extraordinary ray非常光线舟射率principal moment of inertia知动惯量principal plane纸面principal point帚principal quantum number挚子数principal ray肘线principal refractive indices舟射率principal series诌系principal stress枝力principle原理principle of constancy of light velocity光速不变原理principle of corresponding states对应态原理principle of detailed balancing细致平衡原理principle of entropy compensation熵补偿原理principle of equal a priori probabilities等验前概率原理principle of equipartition均分原理principle of equivalence等价原理principle of equivalence of mass and energy质能当量原理principle of indeterminancy测不准原理principle of least action最小酌原理principle of least constraint最小约束运动原理principle of microscopic reversibility微观可逆性原理principle of minimum dissipation of energy最小能量耗散原理principle of relativity相对性原理principle of reversibility可逆性原理principle of superposition叠加原理principle of virtual displacement虚位移原理principle of virtual work虚功原理printed board印刷电路板printed circuit印刷电路printer打印机prism棱镜prism angle棱镜角prism spectrograph棱镜摄谱仪prism spectroscope棱镜分光镜prismatic transit instrument折轴中星仪probability概率probability current density概率淋度probability density概率密度probability distribution概率分布probability distribution function概率分布函数probability function概率函数probability of collision碰撞概率probable error概率误差probe探头probe charge试探电荷probe method探测法problem of three bodies三体问题process control过程控制product nucleus生成核production产生production of entropy熵产生profile drag翼型阻力profile monitor剖面监测器prognosis预报program程序program library程序库programme程序programming language程序设计语言progressive wave前进波projecting lens投影透镜projection投影projection of crystal晶体投影projection operator投影算符projector投影器幻灯promethium钷prominence日珥prominence spectroscope日珥分光镜prompt neutron瞬发中子propagation传播propagation constant传播常数propagation of sound声传播propagation velocity传播速度propagator传播函数proper channeling本盏道proper field固有场proper lorentz group固有洛伦兹群proper motion自行proper time原时proper tone固有音proper value本盏proportion比例proportional component比例分量proportional counter正比计数管proportional ionization chamber正比电离室proportionality factor比例系数protoatmosphere原大气protocol协议proton质子proton accelerator质子加速器proton antiproton collision质子反质子碰撞proton decay质子衰变proton induced x ray analysis质子激发x 射线分析proton linear accelerator质子直线加速器proton number质子数proton spectrometer质子谱仪proton synchrotron质子同步加速器protoplanet原行星protostar原恒星protosun原太阳prototype原型prototype meter米原器proximity附近proximity effect邻近效应proximity switch接近开关pseudo crossing伪交叉pseudo crystal伪晶体pseudo dipole interaction伪偶极子相互酌pseudo energy gap伪能隙pseudo equilibrium伪平衡pseudo image假象pseudo plastic flow伪塑性流pseudo scalar伪标量pseudo scalar coupling伪标量耦合pseudo scalar meson伪标介子pseudo tensor伪张量pseudo vector伪矢量pseudo vector coupling伪矢量耦合pseudo wave伪波pseudopotential伪势pseudostate伪态pseudosymmetry伪对称pseudovariable准变星pss methodpss 法psychoacoustics心理声学psychobiophysics心理生物物理学psychorheology心理龄学psychrometer干湿表ptolemaic system托勒玫体系pulsar脉冲星pulsating current脉动电流pulsating star脉动星pulsating universe振动宇宙pulsating variable脉动星pulsating voltage脉动电压pulsation脉动pulse脉冲pulse amplifier脉冲放大器pulse code modulation脉冲编码灯pulse coincidence脉冲符合pulse decay脉冲衰减pulse discharge脉冲放电pulse duration脉冲持续时间pulse generator脉冲发生器pulse height脉冲高度pulse height analyzer脉冲高度分析器pulse height discriminator脉冲高度鉴别器pulse height selector脉冲高度选择器pulse interval脉冲间隔pulse laser脉冲激光pulse length脉冲宽度pulse modulation脉冲灯pulse motor脉冲电动机pulse neutron source脉冲式中子源pulse oscillator脉冲发生器pulse recurrence frequency脉冲重复频率pulse repetition frequency脉冲重复频率pulse shape脉冲波形pulse shape discriminator脉冲波形鉴别器pulse shaper脉冲成形器pulse shaping脉冲成形pulse spacing脉冲间隔pulse transformer脉冲变压器pulse width脉冲宽度pulse x rays脉冲x 射线pulsed cyclotron脉冲回旋加速器pulsed ion source脉冲离子源pulsed neutron beam脉冲中子束pulsimeter脉冲计数器pump泵pumping抽运pumping speed抽速punctum remotum远点pupil光瞳pupillary aperture光瞳孔径puppis船尾座pure scattering纯散射pure state纯态pure tone纯音purgemeter微量量计purity纯度purple light柴光push button按钮push pull推挽式push pull amplifier推挽放大器pycnometer比重瓶pyrex glass派热克斯玻璃pyrgeometer地面辐射表pyrheliometer直接日射强度计pyroelectricity热电pyrogeology火山学pyrology热学pyromagnetism高温磁学pyrometer高温计pyrometric cone测温锥pyrometry高温测定法pyxis罗盘座物理专业英语词汇(P) 相关内容:。
固体物理英语
固体物理英语固体物理基本词汇（汉英对照）一画一维晶格 One-dimensional crystal lattice一维单原子链 One-dimensional monatomic chain 一维双原子链 One-dimensional diatomic chain 一维复式格子One-dimensional compound lattice 二画二维晶格 Two-dimensional crystal lattice二度轴 Twofold axis二度对称轴 Twofold axis of symmetry几何结构因子 Geometrical structure factor三画三斜晶系 Triclinic system三方晶系 Trigonal system三斜晶系 Triclinic system刃位错 Edge dislocation小角晶界 Low angle grain boundary马德隆常数 Madelung constant四画元素晶体 Element crystal元素的电负性 Electronegativities of elements元素的电离能 Ionization energies of the elements 元素的结合能 Cohesive energies of the elements 六方密堆积 Hexagonal close-packed六方晶系 Hexagonal system反演 Inversion分子晶体 Molecular Crystal切变模量 Shear module双原子链 Diatomic linear chain介电常数 Dielectric constant化学势 Chemical potential内能 Internal energy分布函数 Distribution function夫伦克耳缺陷 Frenkel defect比热 Specific heat中子散射 Neutron scattering五画布喇菲格子 Bravais lattice布洛赫函数 Bloch function布洛赫定理 Bloch theorem布拉格反射 Bragg reflection布里渊区 Brillouin zone布里渊区边界 Brillouin zone boundary 布里渊散射 Brillouin scattering正格子 Direct lattice正交晶系 Orthorhombic crystal system正则振动 Normal vibration正则坐标 Normal coordinates立方晶系 Cubic crystal system立方密堆积 Cubic close-packed四方晶系 Tetragonal crystal system对称操作 Symmetry operation对称群 Symmetric group正交化平面波 Orthogonalized plane wave电子-晶格相互作用 Electron-lattice interaction 电子热容量 Electronic heat capacity电阻率 Electrical resistivity电导率 Conductivity电子亲合势 Electron affinity电子气的动能 Kinetic energy of electron gas 电子气的压力 Pressure of electron gas电子分布函数 Electron distribution function 电负性 Electronegativity电磁声子 Electromagnetic phonon功函数 Work function长程力 Long-range force立方晶系 Cubic system平面波方法 plane wave method平移对称性 Translation symmetry平移对称操作 Translation symmetry operator 平移不变性 Translation invariance石墨结构 Graphite structure闪锌矿结构 Blende structure六画负电性 Electronegativity共价结合 Covalent binding共价键 Covalent bond共价晶体 Covalent crystals共价键的饱和 Saturation of covalent bonds 光学模 Optical modes光学支 Optical branch光散射 Light scattering红外吸收 Infrared absorption压缩系数 Compressibility扩散系数 Diffusion coefficient扩散的激活能 Activation energy of diffusion 共价晶体 Covalent Crystal价带 Valence band导带 Conduction band自扩散 Self-diffusion有效质量 Effective mass有效电荷 Effective charges弛豫时间 Relaxation time弛豫时间近似 Relaxation-time approximation扩展能区图式 Extended zone scheme自由电子模型 Free electron model自由能 Free energy杂化轨道 Hybrid orbit七画纯金属 Ideal metal体心立方 Body-centered cubic体心四方布喇菲格子 Body-centered tetragonal Bravais lattices 卤化碱晶体 Alkali-halide crystal劳厄衍射 Laue diffraction间隙原子 Interstitial atom间隙式扩散 Interstitial diffusion肖特基缺陷 Schottky defect位错 Dislocation滑移 Slip晶界 Grain boundaries伯格斯矢量 Burgers vector杜隆-珀替定律 Dulong-Petit’s law粉末衍射 Powder diffraction里查孙-杜师曼方程 Richardson-Dushman equation 克利斯托夫方程 Christofell equation克利斯托夫模量Christofell module位移极化 Displacement polarization声子 Phonon声学支 Acoustic branch应力 Stress 应变 Strain切应力 Shear stress切应变 Shear strain八画周期性重复单元 Periodic repeated unit底心正交格子 Base-centered orthorhombic lattice 底心单斜格工 Base-centered monoclinic lattices 单斜晶系 Monoclinic crystal system金刚石结构 Diamond structure金属的结合能 Cohesive energy of metals金属晶体 Metallic Crystal转动轴 Rotation axes转动-反演轴 Rotation-inversion axes转动晶体法 Rotating crystal method空间群 Space group空位 Vacancy范德瓦耳斯相互作用 Van der Waals interaction 金属性结合 Metallic binding单斜晶系 Monoclinic system单电子近似 Single-erection approximation极化声子 Polarization phonon拉曼散射 Raman scattering态密度 Density of states铁电软模 Ferroelectrics soft mode空穴 Hole万尼尔函数 Wannier function平移矢量 Translation vector非谐效应 Anharmonic effect周期性边界条件 Periodic boundary condition九画玻尔兹曼方程 Boltzman equation点群 Point groups迪. 哈斯－范. 阿耳芬效应 De Hass－Van Alphen effect胡克定律Hooke’s law氢键 Hydrogen bond亲合势 Affinity重迭排斥能 Overlap repulsive energy结合能 Cohesive energy玻恩-卡门边界条件 Born-Karman boundary condition费密-狄喇克分布函数 Fermi-Dirac distribution function费密电子气的简并性 Degeneracy of free electron Fermi gas 费密 Fermi费密能 Fermi energy费密能级 Fermi level费密球 Fermi sphere费密面 Fermi surface费密温度 Fermi temperature费密速度 Fermi velocity费密半径 Fermi radius恢复力常数 Constant of restorable force绝热近似 Adiabatic approximation十画原胞 Primitive cell原胞基矢 Primitive vectors倒格子 Reciprocal lattice倒格子原胞 Primitive cell of the reciprocal lattice 倒格子空间 Reciprocal space倒格点 Reciprocal lattice point倒格子基矢Primitive translation vectors of the reciprocal lattice倒格矢 Reciprocal lattice vector倒逆散射 Umklapp scattering粉末法 Powder method原子散射因子 Atomic scattering factor配位数 Coordination number原子和离子半径 Atomic and ionic radii原子轨道线性组合 Linear combination of atomic orbits离子晶体的结合能 Cohesive energy of inert crystals离解能 Dissociation energy离子键 Ionic bond离子晶体 Ionic Crystal离子性导电 Ionic conduction洛伦兹比 Lorenz ratio魏德曼－佛兰兹比 Weidemann－Franz ratio 缺陷的迁移 Migration of defects缺陷的浓度 Concentrations of lattice defects 爱因斯坦 Einstein爱因斯坦频率 Einstein frequency爱因斯坦温度 Einstein temperature格波 Lattice wave格林爱森常数 Gruneisen constant索末菲理论 Sommerfeld theory热电子发射 Thermionic emission热容量 Heat capacity热导率 Thermal conductivity热膨胀 Thermal expansion能带 Energy band能隙 Energy gap能带的简约能区图式 Reduced zone scheme of energy band 能带的周期能区图式 Repeated zone scheme of energy band 能带的扩展能区图式 Extended zone scheme of energy band 配分函数 Partition function准粒子 Quasi- particle准动量 Quasi- momentum准自由电子近似 Nearly free electron approximation十一画第一布里渊区 First Brillouin zone密堆积 Close-packing密勒指数 Miller indices接触电势差 Contact potential difference基元 Basis基矢 Basis vector弹性形变 Elastic deformation排斥能Repulsive energy弹性波 Elastic wave弹性应变张量 Elastic strain tensor弹性劲度常数 Elastic stiffness constant弹性顺度常数 Elastic compliance constant 弹性模量 Elastic module弹性动力学方程 Elastic-dynamics equation 弹性散射 Elastic scattering十二画等能面 Constant energy surface晶体 Crystal晶体结构 Crystal structure晶体缺陷 Crystal defect晶体衍射 Crystal diffraction晶列 Crystal array晶面 Crystal plane晶面指数 Crystal plane indices晶带 Crystal band晶向 direction晶格 lattice晶格常数 Lattice constant晶格周期势 Lattice-periodic potential 晶格周期性 Lattice-periodicity晶胞 Cell, Unit cell晶面间距 Interplanar spacing晶系 Crystal system晶体 Crystal晶体点群 Crystallographic point groups晶格振动 Latticevibration晶格散射 Lattice scattering散射 Scattering等能面 surface of constant energy十三画隋性气体晶体的结合能 Cohesive energy of inert gas crystals 滑移 Slip滑移面 Slip plane简单立方晶格 Simple cubic lattice简单晶格 Simple lattice简单单斜格子 Simple monoclinic lattice简单四方格子 Simple tetragonal lattice简单正交格子 Simple orthorhombic lattice简谐近似 Harmonic approximation简正坐标 Normal coordinates简正振动 Normal vibration简正模 Normal modes简约波矢 Reduced wave vector简约布里渊区 Reduced Brillouin zone禁带 Forbidden band紧束缚方法 Tight－binding method零点振动能 Zero-point vibration energy 雷纳德－琼斯势 Lenard－Jones potential 满带 Filled band十四画磁致电阻 Magnetoresistance模式密度 Density of modes漂移速度 Drift velocity漂移迁移率 Drift mobility十五至十七画德拜 Debye德拜近似 Debye approximation德拜截止频率 Debye cut-off frequency 德拜温度 Debye temperature霍耳效应 Hall effect螺位错 Screw dislocation赝势 Pseudopotential。
常用物理英语词汇(全)
常用物理英语词汇(全)1. Force（力）：作用在物体上的外力，可以改变物体的运动状态。
2. Mass（质量）：物体所含物质的量，通常用千克（kg）表示。
3. Weight（重量）：物体受到地球引力作用产生的力，通常用牛顿（N）表示。
4. Acceleration（加速度）：物体速度变化的快慢，通常用米/秒²（m/s²）表示。
5. Velocity（速度）：物体在单位时间内移动的距离，通常用米/秒（m/s）表示。
6. Momentum（动量）：物体运动的量度，等于物体的质量乘以速度。
7. Energy（能量）：物体做功的能力，通常用焦耳（J）表示。
8. Power（功率）：单位时间内做功的速率，通常用瓦特（W）表示。
9. Work（功）：力作用在物体上，使物体移动的距离，通常用焦耳（J）表示。
10. Torque（力矩）：力对物体产生的旋转效果，通常用牛顿·米（Nm）表示。
11. Angular momentum（角动量）：物体旋转运动的量度，等于物体的转动惯量乘以角速度。
12. Frequency（频率）：单位时间内发生的周期性事件的次数，通常用赫兹（Hz）表示。
13. Period（周期）：完成一次周期性事件所需的时间，通常用秒（s）表示。
14. Amplitude（振幅）：周期性运动的最高点与最低点之间的距离。
15. Wavelength（波长）：相邻两个波峰或波谷之间的距离，通常用米（m）表示。
16. Speed of light（光速）：光在真空中的传播速度，约为299,792,458米/秒（m/s）。
17. Refraction（折射）：光从一种介质进入另一种介质时，传播方向发生改变的现象。
18. Reflection（反射）：光遇到物体表面时，按照一定规律返回的现象。
19. Diffraction（衍射）：光绕过障碍物或通过狭缝时，传播方向发生偏折的现象。
固体力学英语词汇
弹性力学 elasticity弹性理论 theory of elasticity均匀应力状态 homogeneous state of stress应力不变量 stress invariant应变不变量 strain invariant应变椭球 strain ellipsoid均匀应变状态 homogeneous state of strain应变协调方程 equation of strain compatibility拉梅常量 Lame constants各向同性弹性 isotropic elasticity旋转圆盘 rotating circular disk楔 wedge开尔文问题 Kelvin problem布西内斯克问题 Boussinesq problem艾里应力函数 Airy stress function克罗索夫-穆斯赫利什维利法 Kolosoff-Muskhelishvili method 基尔霍夫假设 Kirchhoff hypothesis板 Plate矩形板 Rectangular plate圆板 Circular plate环板 Annular plate波纹板 Corrugated plate加劲板 Stiffened plate,reinforced Plate中厚板 Plate of moderate thickness弯[曲]应力函数 Stress function of bending壳 Shell扁壳 Shallow shell旋转壳 Revolutionary shell球壳 Spherical shell[圆]柱壳 Cylindrical shell锥壳 Conical shell环壳 Toroidal shell封闭壳 Closed shell波纹壳 Corrugated shell扭[转]应力函数 Stress function of torsion翘曲函数 Warping function半逆解法 semi-inverse method瑞利--里茨法 Rayleigh-Ritz method松弛法 Relaxation method莱维法 Levy method松弛 Relaxation量纲分析 Dimensional analysis自相似[性] self-similarity影响面 Influence surface接触应力 Contact stress赫兹理论 Hertz theory协调接触 Conforming contact滑动接触 Sliding contact滚动接触 Rolling contact压入 Indentation各向异性弹性 Anisotropic elasticity颗粒材料 Granular material散体力学 Mechanics of granular media 热弹性 Thermoelasticity超弹性 Hyperelasticity粘弹性 Viscoelasticity对应原理 Correspondence principle褶皱 Wrinkle塑性全量理论 Total theory of plasticity 滑动 Sliding微滑 Microslip粗糙度 Roughness非线性弹性 Nonlinear elasticity大挠度 Large deflection突弹跳变 snap-through有限变形 Finite deformation格林应变 Green strain阿尔曼西应变 Almansi strain弹性动力学 Dynamic elasticity运动方程 Equation of motion准静态的 Quasi-static气动弹性 Aeroelasticity水弹性 Hydroelasticity颤振 Flutter弹性波 Elastic wave简单波 Simple wave柱面波 Cylindrical wave水平剪切波 Horizontal shear wave竖直剪切波 Vertical shear wave体波 body wave无旋波 Irrotational wave畸变波 Distortion wave膨胀波 Dilatation wave瑞利波 Rayleigh wave等容波 Equivoluminal wave勒夫波 Love wave界面波 Interfacial wave边缘效应 edge effect塑性力学 Plasticity可成形性 Formability金属成形 Metal forming耐撞性 Crashworthiness结构抗撞毁性 Structural crashworthiness拉拔 Drawing破坏机构 Collapse mechanism回弹 Springback挤压 Extrusion冲压 Stamping穿透 Perforation层裂 Spalling塑性理论 Theory of plasticity安定[性]理论 Shake-down theory运动安定定理 kinematic shake-down theorem 静力安定定理 Static shake-down theorem率相关理论 rate dependent theorem载荷因子 load factor加载准则 Loading criterion加载函数 Loading function加载面 Loading surface塑性加载 Plastic loading塑性加载波 Plastic loading wave简单加载 Simple loading比例加载 Proportional loading卸载 Unloading卸载波 Unloading wave冲击载荷 Impulsive load阶跃载荷 step load脉冲载荷 pulse load极限载荷 limit load中性变载 nentral loading拉抻失稳 instability in tension加速度波 acceleration wave本构方程 constitutive equation完全解 complete solution名义应力 nominal stress过应力 over-stress真应力 true stress等效应力 equivalent stress流动应力 flow stress应力间断 stress discontinuity应力空间 stress space主应力空间 principal stress space静水应力状态 hydrostatic state of stress对数应变 logarithmic strain工程应变 engineering strain等效应变 equivalent strain应变局部化 strain localization应变率 strain rate应变率敏感性 strain rate sensitivity应变空间 strain space有限应变 finite strain塑性应变增量 plastic strain increment累积塑性应变 accumulated plastic strain永久变形 permanent deformation内变量 internal variable应变软化 strain-softening理想刚塑性材料 rigid-perfectly plastic Material刚塑性材料 rigid-plastic material理想塑性材料 perfectl plastic material材料稳定性 stability of material应变偏张量 deviatoric tensor of strain应力偏张量 deviatori tensor of stress应变球张量 spherical tensor of strain应力球张量 spherical tensor of stress路径相关性 path-dependency线性强化 linear strain-hardening应变强化 strain-hardening随动强化 kinematic hardening各向同性强化 isotropic hardening强化模量 strain-hardening modulus幂强化 power hardening塑性极限弯矩 plastic limit bending Moment塑性极限扭矩 plastic limit torque弹塑性弯曲 elastic-plastic bending弹塑性交界面 elastic-plastic interface弹塑性扭转 elastic-plastic torsion粘塑性 Viscoplasticity非弹性 Inelasticity理想弹塑性材料 elastic-perfectly plastic Material 极限分析 limit analysis极限设计 limit design极限面 limit surface上限定理 upper bound theorem上屈服点 upper yield point下限定理 lower bound theorem下屈服点 lower yield point界限定理 bound theorem初始屈服面 initial yield surface后继屈服面 subsequent yield surface屈服面[的]外凸性 convexity of yield surface截面形状因子 shape factor of cross-section沙堆比拟 sand heap analogy屈服 Yield屈服条件 yield condition屈服准则 yield criterion屈服函数 yield function屈服面 yield surface塑性势 plastic potential能量吸收装置 energy absorbing device能量耗散率 energy absorbing device塑性动力学 dynamic plasticity塑性动力屈曲 dynamic plastic buckling塑性动力响应 dynamic plastic response塑性波 plastic wave运动容许场 kinematically admissible Field静力容许场 statically admissible Field流动法则 flow rule速度间断 velocity discontinuity滑移线 slip-lines滑移线场 slip-lines field移行塑性铰 travelling plastic hinge塑性增量理论 incremental theory of Plasticity米泽斯屈服准则 Mises yield criterion普朗特--罗伊斯关系 prandtl- Reuss relation特雷斯卡屈服准则 Tresca yield criterion洛德应力参数 Lode stress parameter莱维--米泽斯关系 Levy-Mises relation亨基应力方程 Hencky stress equation赫艾--韦斯特加德应力空间 Haigh-Westergaard stress space 洛德应变参数 Lode strain parameter德鲁克公设 Drucker postulate盖林格速度方程 Geiringer velocity Equation结构力学 structural mechanics结构分析 structural analysis结构动力学 structural dynamics拱 Arch三铰拱 three-hinged arch抛物线拱 parabolic arch圆拱 circular arch穹顶 Dome空间结构 space structure空间桁架 space truss雪载[荷] snow load风载[荷] wind load土压力 earth pressure地震载荷 earthquake loading弹簧支座 spring support支座位移 support displacement支座沉降 support settlement超静定次数 degree of indeterminacy机动分析 kinematic analysis结点法 method of joints截面法 method of sections结点力 joint forces共轭位移 conjugate displacement影响线 influence line三弯矩方程 three-moment equation单位虚力 unit virtual force刚度系数 stiffness coefficient柔度系数 flexibility coefficient力矩分配 moment distribution力矩分配法 moment distribution method力矩再分配 moment redistribution分配系数 distribution factor矩阵位移法 matri displacement method单元刚度矩阵 element stiffness matrix单元应变矩阵 element strain matrix总体坐标 global coordinates贝蒂定理 Betti theorem高斯--若尔当消去法 Gauss-Jordan elimination Method 屈曲模态 buckling mode复合材料力学 mechanics of composites复合材料 composite material纤维复合材料 fibrous composite单向复合材料 unidirectional composite泡沫复合材料 foamed composite颗粒复合材料 particulate composite层板 Laminate夹层板 sandwich panel正交层板 cross-ply laminate斜交层板 angle-ply laminate层片 Ply多胞固体 cellular solid膨胀 Expansion压实 Debulk劣化 Degradation脱层 Delamination脱粘 Debond纤维应力 fiber stress层应力 ply stress层应变 ply strain层间应力 interlaminar stress比强度 specific strength强度折减系数 strength reduction factor强度应力比 strength -stress ratio横向剪切模量 transverse shear modulus横观各向同性 transverse isotropy正交各向异 Orthotropy剪滞分析 shear lag analysis短纤维 chopped fiber长纤维 continuous fiber纤维方向 fiber direction纤维断裂 fiber break纤维拔脱 fiber pull-out纤维增强 fiber reinforcement致密化 Densification最小重量设计 optimum weight design网格分析法 netting analysis混合律 rule of mixture失效准则 failure criterion蔡--吴失效准则 Tsai-W u failure criterion达格代尔模型 Dugdale model断裂力学 fracture mechanics概率断裂力学 probabilistic fracture Mechanics 格里菲思理论 Griffith theory线弹性断裂力学 linear elastic fracture mechanics, LEFM 弹塑性断裂力学 elastic-plastic fracture mecha-nics, EPFM 断裂 Fracture脆性断裂 brittle fracture解理断裂 cleavage fracture蠕变断裂 creep fracture延性断裂 ductile fracture晶间断裂 inter-granular fracture准解理断裂 quasi-cleavage fracture穿晶断裂 trans-granular fracture裂纹 Crack裂缝 Flaw缺陷 Defect割缝 Slit微裂纹 Microcrack折裂 Kink椭圆裂纹 elliptical crack深埋裂纹 embedded crack[钱]币状裂纹 penny-shape crack预制裂纹 Precrack短裂纹 short crack表面裂纹 surface crack裂纹钝化 crack blunting裂纹分叉 crack branching裂纹闭合 crack closure裂纹前缘 crack front裂纹嘴 crack mouth裂纹张开角 crack opening angle,COA裂纹张开位移 crack opening displacement, COD裂纹阻力 crack resistance。
(完整版)固体物理英语词汇
Solid-State Physics1.1 Classification of Solids by Binding ForcesBinding force 结合力crystalline a. 结晶的equilibrium n. 平衡equilibrium position 平衡位置chemical bonding 化学键molecule n. 分子perturbation n. 微扰perturbation theory 微扰理论quantum mechanical 量子力学的quantum mechanics 量子力学van der Waals forces 范德瓦尔斯力short range 短程short-range force 短程力repulsive force 斥力transitory dipole 瞬时偶极子harmonic oscillator 谐振子、简谐振子、正弦波发生器electrically neutral 电中性的electrical neutrality 电中性kinetic energy 动能interatomic potential 原子间势interatomic spacing 原子间距the permittivity of free space 真空介电常数zero-point energy 零点能ground state 基态ground state energy 基态能量attractive force 引力Lennard-Jones potential 雷纳德－琼斯势Coulomb attraction 库仑引力Coulomb repulsion 库仑斥力potential energy 势能prime 上撇号，符号(′)Madelung constant 马德隆常数cohesive energy 结合能reversible process 可逆过程entropy 熵internal energy 内能isothermal compressibility 等温压缩率metallic bond 金属键Pauli exclusion principle 泡利不相容原理covalent bond 共价键cleavage plane 解理面valence crystal 共价键晶体molecular crystal 分子晶体ionic crystal 离子晶体metallic crystal 金属晶体hydrogen-bonded crystal 氢键晶体proton 质子1.2 Group Theory and Crystallography crystallography 结晶学。
常用物理英语词汇(全)
常用物理英语词汇(全)力学（Mechanics）1. Force（力）2. Acceleration（加速度）3. Momentum（动量）4. Kinetic Energy（动能）5. Potential Energy（势能）6. Gravity（重力）7. Friction（摩擦力）8. Torque（扭矩）9. Angular Momentum（角动量）10. Work（功）热学（Thermodynamics）11. Temperature（温度）12. Heat（热量）13. Internal Energy（内能）14. Entropy（熵）15. Boyle's Law（波义耳定律）16. Charles's Law（查理定律）17. GayLussac's Law（盖吕萨克定律）18. Ideal Gas Law（理想气体定律）19. First Law of Thermodynamics（热力学第一定律）20. Second Law of Thermodynamics（热力学第二定律）电磁学（Electromagnetism）21. Electric Charge（电荷）22. Electric Field（电场）23. Magnetic Field（磁场）24. Current（电流）25. Voltage（电压）26. Resistance（电阻）27. Capacitance（电容）28. Inductance（电感）29. Ohm's Law（欧姆定律）30. Ampère's Law（安培定律）光学（Optics）31. Light（光）32. Refraction（折射）33. Reflection（反射）34. Diffraction（衍射）35. Interference（干涉）36. Polarization（偏振）37. Lens（透镜）38. Prism（棱镜）39. Spectrum（光谱）40. Wave Optics（波动光学）现代物理（Modern Physics）41. Quantum Mechanics（量子力学）42. Relativity（相对论）43. Photon（光子）44. Electron（电子）45. Proton（质子）46. Neutron（中子）47. Quark（夸克）48. Black Hole（黑洞）49. Higgs Boson（希格斯玻色子）50. String Theory（弦理论）这些词汇仅为物理学中常用术语的一小部分。
固体力学专业英语词汇表
固体力学专业词汇弹性力学 elasticity弹性理论 theory of elasticity均匀应力状态 homogeneous state of stress应力不变量 stress invariant应变不变量 strain invariant板 Plate矩形板 Rectangular plate圆板 Circular plate弯[曲]应力函数 Stress function of bending壳 Shell球壳 Spherical shell锥壳 Conical shell扭[转]应力函数 Stress function of torsion松弛 Relaxation接触应力 Contact stress压入 Indentation散体力学 Mechanics of granular media热弹性 Thermoelasticity粘弹性 Viscoelasticity对应原理 Correspondence principle 粗糙度 Roughness弹性动力学 Dynamic elasticity 运动方程 Equation of motion边缘效应 edge effect塑性力学 Plasticity可成形性 Formability金属成形 Metal forming拉拔 Drawing回弹 Springback挤压 Extrusion冲压 Stamping穿透 Perforation层裂 Spalling塑性理论 Theory of plasticity 塑性加载 Plastic loading简单加载 Simple loading比例加载 Proportional loading 卸载 Unloading脉冲载荷 pulse load本构方程 constitutive equation 过应力 over-stress对数应变 logarithmic strain工程应变 engineering strain应变率 strain rate有限应变 finite strain塑性应变增量 plastic strain increment永久变形 permanent deformation应变软化 strain-softening刚塑性材料 rigid-plastic material理想塑性材料 perfectl plastic material材料稳定性 stability of material应变强化 strain-hardening屈服 Yield屈服条件 yield condition塑性动力学 dynamic plasticity滑移线 slip-lines结构力学 structural mechanics结构分析 structural analysis结构动力学 structural dynamics空间结构 space structure结点法 method of joints截面法 method of sections复合材料力学 mechanics of composites复合材料 composite material纤维复合材料 fibrous composite层板 Laminate膨胀 Expansion压实 Debulk脱层 Delamination纤维应力 fiber stress层应力 ply stress层应变 ply strain短纤维 chopped fiber长纤维 continuous fiber纤维方向 fiber direction纤维断裂 fiber break纤维拔脱 fiber pull-out断裂力学 fracture mechanics弹塑性断裂力学 elastic-plastic fracture mecha-nics, EPFM断裂 Fracture脆性断裂 brittle fracture蠕变断裂 creep fracture裂纹 Crack裂缝 Flaw缺陷 Defect割缝 Slit短裂纹 short crack表面裂纹 surface crack裂纹钝化 crack blunting有效应力张量 effective stress tensor内聚区 cohesive zone塑性区 plastic zone张拉区 stretched zone热影响区 heat affected zone, HAZ应力腐蚀 stress corrosion损伤 Damage累积损伤 accumulated damage脆性损伤 brittle damage宏观损伤 macroscopic damage微观损伤 microscopic damage疲劳 Fatigue应力疲劳 stress fatigue蠕变疲劳 creep fatigue腐蚀疲劳 corrosion fatigue疲劳损伤 fatigue damage疲劳失效 fatigue failure疲劳断裂 fatigue fracture疲劳裂纹 fatigue crack疲劳寿命 fatigue life疲劳破坏 fatigue rupture交变应力 alternating stress应变疲劳 strain fatigue计算结构力学 computational structural mechanics广义位移 generalized displacement广义应变 generalized strain广义应力 generalized stress节点 node, nodal point[单]元 Element二维元 two-dimensional element一维元 one-dimensional element三维元 three-dimensional element轴对称元 axisymmetric element三角形元 triangular element四边形元 quadrilateral element四面体元 tetrahedral element曲线元 curved element位移矢量 displacement vector载荷矢量 load vector面积坐标 area coordinates体积坐标 volume coordinates前处理 pre-processing后处理 post-processing组合结构 composite structure。
固体物理学英文PPT SSP_1(1)
What is a “Solid”?
A material that keeps its shape. • can be deformed by stresses • returns to the original shape if it is not s trained too much
Structure difference ? ---- differs from “Fluid” The atomic scale nature of materials has known for less than 100 years.
(Non-crystalline)
CRYSTALLINE
POLYCRYSTALLINE
Single Crystal
Crystalline Solid
• Crystalline Solid is the solid form of a substance in whic h the atoms or molecules are arranged in a definite, re peating pattern in three dimension. Single crystals, ideally have a high degree of order, or regul ar geometric periodicity, throughout the entire volume of t he material.
Encrusting Smithsonite
Peruvian Pyrite
Snow crystal
Calcite(CaCO3) crystal is made from spherical particles. Christiaan Huygen, Leiden1690
物理学科高中留学英语词汇
物理学科高中留学英语词汇物理是高中的必修学科，下面这些物理学科的，的同学们都要记好了。
estimate：估计excited state：激发态exert：施加expansion：膨胀fiber optic：光导纤维focal length：焦距spring(or force) constant：(弹簧的)倔强系数frequency：频率frictionless：光滑无摩擦的gravity：重力ground state：基态half-life：半衰期halve：减半的horizontal：水平的hydraulic jack：液压千斤顶impinge：撞击incident ray：入射光index of refraction：折射率induction current：感应电流inertia：惯性initial：初始的interference：干预internal：内部的isotope：同位素kiic energy：动能latent heat：潜热lever：杠杆longitudinal wave：纵波magic：磁的magic flux：磁通量magnify：扩大magnitude：大小mass：质量matter wave：物质波moment：力矩momentum：动量negligible：可忽略的neutron：中子nuclear fission：核裂变nuclear fusion：核聚变optic：光学的oscillate：振动，摇摆parabola：抛物线parallel：并联particle：粒子pendulum：钟摆permanent：永久的photon：光子pitch：音高polarization：偏振positron：正电子potential energy：势能power：功率propagation：传播proton：质子pulley：滑轮radioactive：放射性refracte：折射relativity：相对性resistor：电阻rest：静止。
固体力学英语词汇翻译（2）
固体力学英语词汇翻译(2)裂纹面 crack surface裂纹尖端 crack tip裂尖张角 crack tip opening angle, ctoa裂尖张开位移 crack tip opening displacement, ctod 裂尖奇异场 crack tip singularity field裂纹扩展速率 crack growth rate稳定裂纹扩展 stable crack growth定常裂纹扩展 steady crack growth亚临界裂纹扩展 subcritical crack growth裂纹[扩展]减速 crack retardation止裂 crack arrest止裂韧度 arrest toughness断裂类型 fracture mode滑开型 sliding mode张开型 opening mode撕开型 tearing mode复合型 mixed mode撕裂 tearing撕裂模量 tearing modulus断裂准则 fracture criterionj积分 j-integralj阻力曲线 j-resistance curve断裂韧度 fracture toughness应力强度因子 stress intensity factorhrr场 hutchinson-rice-rosengren field守恒积分 conservation integral有效应力张量 effective stress tensor应变能密度 strain energy density能量释放率 energy release rate内聚区 cohesive zone塑性区 plastic zone张拉区 stretched zone热影响区 heat affected zone, haz延脆转变温度 brittle-ductile transition temperature剪切带 shear band剪切唇 shear lip无损检测 non-destructive inspection双边缺口试件 double edge notched specimen, den specimen 单边缺口试件 single edge notched specimen, sen specimen 三点弯曲试件 three point bending specimen, tpb specimen 中心裂纹拉伸试件center cracked tension specimen, cct specimen中心裂纹板试件 center cracked panel specimen, ccp specimen 紧凑拉伸试件 compact tension specimen, ct specimen大范围屈服 large scale yielding小范围攻屈服 small scale yielding韦布尔分布 weibull distribution帕里斯公式 paris formula空穴化 cavitation应力腐蚀 stress corrosion概率风险判定 probabilistic risk assessment, pra损伤力学 damage mechanics损伤 damage连续介质损伤力学 continuum damage mechanics细观损伤力学 microscopic damage mechanics累积损伤 accumulated damage脆性损伤 brittle damage延性损伤 ductile damage宏观损伤 macroscopic damage细观损伤 microscopic damage微观损伤 microscopic damage损伤准则 damage criterion损伤演化方程 damage evolution equation 损伤软化 damage softening损伤强化 damage strengthening损伤张量 damage tensor损伤阈值 damage threshold损伤变量 damage variable损伤矢量 damage vector损伤区 damage zone疲劳 fatigue低周疲劳 low cycle fatigue应力疲劳 stress fatigue随机疲劳 random fatigue蠕变疲劳 creep fatigue腐蚀疲劳 corrosion fatigue疲劳损伤 fatigue damage疲劳失效 fatigue failure疲劳断裂 fatigue fracture疲劳裂纹 fatigue crack疲劳寿命 fatigue life疲劳破坏 fatigue rupture疲劳强度 fatigue strength疲劳辉纹 fatigue striations疲劳阈值 fatigue threshold交变载荷 alternating load交变应力 alternating stress应力幅值 stress amplitude应变疲劳 strain fatigue应力循环 stress cycle应力比 stress ratio安全寿命 safe life过载效应 overloading effect循环硬化 cyclic hardening循环软化 cyclic softening环境效应 environmental effect裂纹片 crack gage裂纹扩展 crack growth, crack propagation 裂纹萌生 crack initiation循环比 cycle ratio实验应力分析 experimental stress analysis 工作[应变]片 active[strain] gage基底材料 backing material应力计 stress gage零[点]飘移 zero shift, zero drift应变测量 strain measurement应变计 strain gage应变指示器 strain indicator应变花 strain rosette应变灵敏度 strain sensitivity机械式应变仪 mechanical strain gage直角应变花 rectangular rosette引伸仪 extensometer应变遥测 telemetering of strain横向灵敏系数 transverse gage factor横向灵敏度 transverse sensitivity焊接式应变计 weldable strain gage平衡电桥 balanced bridge粘贴式应变计 bonded strain gage粘贴箔式应变计 bonded foiled gage粘贴丝式应变计 bonded wire gage桥路平衡 bridge balancing电容应变计 capacitance strain gage补偿片 compensation technique补偿技术 compensation technique基准电桥 reference bridge电阻应变计 resistance strain gage温度自补偿应变计 self-temperature compensating gage 半导体应变计 semiconductor strain gage集流器 slip ring应变放大镜 strain amplifier疲劳寿命计 fatigue life gage电感应变计 inductance [strain] gage光[测]力学 photomechanics光弹性 photoelasticity光塑性 photoplasticity杨氏条纹 young fringe双折射效应 birefrigent effect等位移线 contour of equal displacement暗条纹 dark fringe条纹倍增 fringe multiplication干涉条纹 interference fringe等差线 isochromatic等倾线 isoclinic等和线 isopachic应力光学定律 stress- optic law主应力迹线 isostatic亮条纹 light fringe光程差 optical path difference热光弹性 photo-thermo -elasticity光弹性贴片法 photoelastic coating method光弹性夹片法 photoelastic sandwich method动态光弹性 dynamic photo-elasticity空间滤波 spatial filtering空间频率 spatial frequency起偏镜 polarizer反射式光弹性仪 reflection polariscope残余双折射效应 residual birefringent effect应变条纹值 strain fringe value应变光学灵敏度 strain-optic sensitivity应力冻结效应 stress freezing effect应力条纹值 stress fringe value应力光图 stress-optic pattern暂时双折射效应 temporary birefringent effect脉冲全息法 pulsed holography透射式光弹性仪 transmission polariscope实时全息干涉法 real-time holographic interferometry网格法 grid method全息光弹性法 holo-photoelasticity全息图 hologram全息照相 holograph全息干涉法 holographic interferometry全息云纹法 holographic moire technique全息术 holography全场分析法 whole-field analysis散斑干涉法 speckle interferometry散斑 speckle错位散斑干涉法speckle-shearing interferometry,shearography散斑图 specklegram白光散斑法 white-light speckle method云纹干涉法 moire interferometry[叠栅]云纹 moire fringe[叠栅]云纹法 moire method云纹图 moire pattern离面云纹法 off-plane moire method参考栅 reference grating试件栅 specimen grating分析栅 analyzer grating面内云纹法 in-plane moire method脆性涂层法 brittle-coating method条带法 strip coating method坐标变换 transformation of coordinates计算结构力学 computational structural mechanics 加权残量法 weighted residual method有限差分法 finite difference method有限[单]元法 finite element method配点法 point collocation里茨法 ritz method广义变分原理 generalized variational principle最小二乘法 least square method胡[海昌]一鹫津原理 hu-washizu principle赫林格-赖斯纳原理 hellinger-reissner principle修正变分原理 modified variational principle约束变分原理 constrained variational principle混合法 mixed method杂交法 hybrid method边界解法 boundary solution method有限条法 finite strip method半解析法 semi-analytical method协调元 conforming element非协调元 non-conforming element混合元 mixed element杂交元 hybrid element边界元 boundary element强迫边界条件 forced boundary condition 自然边界条件 natural boundary condition 离散化 discretization离散系统 discrete system连续问题 continuous problem广义位移 generalized displacement广义载荷 generalized load广义应变 generalized strain广义应力 generalized stress界面变量 interface variable节点 node, nodal point[单]元 element角节点 corner node边节点 mid-side node内节点 internal node无节点变量 nodeless variable杆元 bar element桁架杆元 truss element梁元 beam element二维元 two-dimensional element一维元 one-dimensional element三维元 three-dimensional element轴对称元 axisymmetric element板元 plate element壳元 shell element厚板元 thick plate element三角形元 triangular element四边形元 quadrilateral element四面体元 tetrahedral element曲线元 curved element二次元 quadratic element线性元 linear element三次元 cubic element四次元 quartic element等参[数]元 isoparametric element超参数元 super-parametric element亚参数元 sub-parametric element节点数可变元 variable-number-node element 拉格朗日元 lagrange element拉格朗日族 lagrange family巧凑边点元 serendipity element巧凑边点族 serendipity family无限元 infinite element单元分析 element analysis单元特性 element characteristics刚度矩阵 stiffness matrix几何矩阵 geometric matrix等效节点力 equivalent nodal force节点位移 nodal displacement节点载荷 nodal load位移矢量 displacement vector载荷矢量 load vector质量矩阵 mass matrix集总质量矩阵 lumped mass matrix相容质量矩阵 consistent mass matrix阻尼矩阵 damping matrix瑞利阻尼 rayleigh damping刚度矩阵的组集 assembly of stiffness matrices 载荷矢量的组集 consistent mass matrix质量矩阵的组集 assembly of mass matrices单元的组集 assembly of elements局部坐标系 local coordinate system局部坐标 local coordinate面积坐标 area coordinates体积坐标 volume coordinates曲线坐标 curvilinear coordinates静凝聚 static condensation合同变换 contragradient transformation形状函数 shape function试探函数 trial function检验函数 test function权函数 weight function样条函数 spline function代用函数 substitute function降阶积分 reduced integration零能模式 zero-energy modep收敛 p-convergenceh收敛 h-convergence掺混插值 blended interpolation等参数映射 isoparametric mapping双线性插值 bilinear interpolation小块检验 patch test非协调模式 incompatible mode节点号 node number单元号 element number带宽 band width带状矩阵 banded matrix变带状矩阵 profile matrix带宽最小化 minimization of band width 波前法 frontal method子空间迭代法 subspace iteration method 行列式搜索法 determinant search method 逐步法 step-by-step method纽马克法 newmark威尔逊法 wilson拟牛顿法 quasi-newton method牛顿-拉弗森法 newton-raphson method 增量法 incremental method初应变 initial strain初应力 initial stress切线刚度矩阵 tangent stiffness matrix割线刚度矩阵 secant stiffness matrix模态叠加法 mode superposition method 平衡迭代 equilibrium iteration子结构 substructure子结构法 substructure technique超单元 super-element网格生成 mesh generation结构分析程序 structural analysis program 前处理 pre-processing后处理 post-processing网格细化 mesh refinement应力光顺 stress smoothing组合结构 composite structure。
物理学专业英语词汇
物理学专业英语词汇摘要：物理学是一门研究自然界最基本的规律和现象的科学，它涉及到许多专业的英语词汇，对于物理学专业的学习者来说，掌握这些词汇是非常重要的。
本文根据物理学的不同分支，整理了一些常用的物理学专业英语词汇，并用表格的形式给出了中文和英文的对照，以便于读者查阅和记忆。
本文旨在为物理学专业的学习者提供一个参考资料，帮助他们提高英语水平和物理知识。
1. 基础物理 Basic Physics中文英文物理量physical quantity物理单位physical unit标准单位standard unit国际单位制International System of Units (SI)基本量base quantity导出量derived quantity标量scalar矢量vector位移displacement速度velocity加速度acceleration力force动量momentum动能kinetic energy势能potential energy能量守恒conservation of energy功work功率power压强pressure浮力buoyancy摩擦力friction force弹力elastic force重力gravity force引力常数gravitational constant圆周运动circular motion向心力centripetal force简谐振动simple harmonic motion振幅amplitude频率frequency周期period2. 热学 Thermodynamics中文英文温度temperature热力学温标thermodynamic temperature scale 开尔文温标Kelvin temperature scale摄氏温标Celsius temperature scale华氏温标Fahrenheit temperature scale热平衡thermal equilibrium热力学第零定律zeroth law of thermodynamics热量heat热容量heat capacity比热容specific heat capacity理想气体定律ideal gas law普适气体常数universal gas constant3. 光学 Optics中文英文光light光源light source光线light ray光束light beam光波light wave波长wavelength频率frequency振幅amplitude相位phase干涉interference衍射diffraction偏振polarization光速speed of light折射率refractive index折射定律law of refraction反射定律law of reflection全反射total reflection透镜lens镜头lens焦距focal length焦点focus物镜objective lens可见光visible light紫外光ultraviolet light红外光infrared light4. 电学 Electricity中文英文电荷electric charge电流electric current电压electric voltage电阻electric resistance电阻率resistivity电容electric capacitance电容率permittivity5. 原子物理 Atomic Physics中文英文原子atom原子核atomic nucleus原子序数atomic number原子量atomic mass原子半径atomic radius原子轨道atomic orbit电子electron质子proton中子neutron电子云electron cloud电子壳层electron shell价电子valence electron离子ion同位素isotope同素异形体allotrope核裂变nuclear fission核聚变nuclear fusion核反应堆nuclear reactor核武器nuclear weapon6. 量子物理 Quantum Physics中文英文量子quantum量子力学quantum mechanics量子场论quantum field theory量子数quantum number量子态quantum state量子纠缠quantum entanglement量子隧穿quantum tunneling测不准原理uncertainty principle薛定谔方程Schrödinger equation海森堡矩阵力学Heisenberg matrix mechanics 7. 固体物理 Solid State Physics中文英文固体solid晶体crystal晶格lattice晶胞unit cell晶面指数Miller index点阵常数lattice constant点缺陷point defect线缺陷line defect8. 电磁学 Electromagnetism中文英文电荷electric charge电流electric current电场electric field电势electric potential电压electric voltage电阻electric resistance电阻率resistivity电容electric capacitance电容率permittivity电感electric inductance电磁感应electromagnetic induction电磁波electromagnetic wave磁场magnetic field磁通量magnetic flux磁感应强度magnetic induction intensity磁化率magnetic susceptibility磁导率magnetic permeability9. 光子学 Photonics中文英文光子photon光源light source光纤optical fiber光波导optical waveguide光谱spectrum光谱仪spectrometer激光器laser半导体激光器semiconductor laser激光二极管laser diode发光二极管light-emitting diode (LED)光探测器photodetector光电倍增管photomultiplier tube (PMT) 10. 流体力学 Fluid Mechanics中文英文流体fluid气体gas液体liquid粘性viscosity粘滞力viscous force流速flow velocity流量flow rate流线streamline管流pipe flow层流laminar flow湍流turbulent flow雷诺数Reynolds number伯努利方程Bernoulli's equation压力差pressure difference水头head水锤现象water hammer11. 波动光学 Wave Optics中文英文光波light wave波前wavefront光程差optical path difference干涉条纹interference fringe干涉仪interferometer杨氏双缝实验Young's double-slit experiment 迈克尔逊干涉仪Michelson interferometer法布里-珀罗干涉仪Fabry-Perot interferometer衍射现象diffraction phenomenon衍射级数diffraction order中文英文衍射极限diffraction limit单缝衍射single-slit diffraction双缝衍射double-slit diffraction12. 相对论 Relativity中文英文相对论relativity狭义相对论special relativity广义相对论general relativity惯性系inertial frame参考系reference frame洛伦兹变换Lorentz transformation洛伦兹收缩Lorentz contraction时间膨胀time dilation质能方程mass-energy equation光速不变原理principle of constancy of light speed 相对性原理principle of relativity引力场gravitational field引力波gravitational wave弯曲的时空curved spacetime13. 核物理 Nuclear Physics中文英文核物理nuclear physics原子核atomic nucleus核子nucleon质子proton中子neutron核力nuclear force核结合能nuclear binding energy核裂变nuclear fission核聚变nuclear fusion放射性元素radioactive element放射性衰变radioactive decay半衰期half-lifeα衰变alpha decayβ衰变beta decay。
基础物理词汇(英文版)
基础物理词汇(英文版) -CAL-FENGHAI-(2020YEAR-YICAI)_JINGBIAN物理必备英文单词运动力学：力 force重力 gravity摩擦力 friction拉力 traction质量 mass加速度 acceleration力矩 torque静止 at rest相对 relative能量 energy动能 kenetic energy势能 potential energy功 work动量 momentum角动量 angular momentum能量守恒 energy conservation保守力 conserved force振动 vibration振幅 amplitude波 wave驻波 standing wave震荡 oscillation相干波 coherent wave干涉 interference衍射 diffraction轨道 obital速度 velocity速率 speed大小 magnatitude方向 direction水平 horizental竖直 vertical相互垂直 perpendicular坐标 coordinate直角坐标系 cersian coordinate system 极坐标系 polar coordinate system弹簧 spring球体 sphere环 loop盘型 disc圆柱形 cylinder机械振动 mechanical vibration 简谐振动 simple harmonic oscillation 振幅 amplitude周期 period频率 ferquency赫兹 hertz单摆 simple pendulum受迫振动 forced vibration共振 resonnance机械波 mechanical wave介质 medium横波 transverse wave纵波 longitudinal wave波长 wavelength超声波 supersonic wave光学：光 light光程 optical path光强度 light intensity偏振 polarization波长 wave length传播 propagation光线 light ray平行光 parallel light实象 real image虚象 virtual image折射 refaction入射角 incident angle反射角 reflection angle折射角 diffraction angle折射率 diffraction index全反射 total reflection临界角 critical angle光导纤维 optical fiber棱镜 prism色散 dispersion光谱 spectrum波的衍射 diffraction of wave波的干涉 interference of waves红外线 infrared ray紫外线 ultraviolet rayX射线 X-ray电磁波谱 electromagnetic effect光电效应 photoelectric effect光子 photon普朗克常数 Planck constant波粒二象性 wave-particle duality概率波 probability wave物质波 matter wave激光 laser电磁学：电子 electron电荷charge电流 current电场 electric field电通量 electric flux电势electirc potential导体 conductor电介质 dieletric绝缘体 insultalor电阻 resistor电阻率 resistivity电容capacitor无穷 infinite横截面 cross ection匀强电场 uniform electric field分布 ditribution磁场 magnetic field磁通量 magnetic flux电感 inductance变压器 transformer频率 frequency周期 period电磁波 electomagnetic wave平面 plane电荷 electric charge电荷量 queantity df electricity正电荷 positive charg负电荷 negative charg库仑定律 Coulomb law静电感应 electrostatic induction感应电荷 inducde charge元电荷 elementary charge电荷守恒定律 law of conservation of charge 库仑（电荷单位） coulomb电场 electric fileld电场强度 electric field strength 电场线 electric potential电势 electric potential电势差/电压 electric potential difference 伏特 volt电容 capacitance电容器 capacitor法拉（电容单位） farad电流 electric current安培（电流单位） ampere电阻 resistance欧姆（电阻单位） ohm电动势 electormotive force(e.m.f.)半导体 semiconductor超导体 superconductor磁性 magnetism磁场 magnetic field磁感线 magnetic induction line安培定则 Ampere rule安培力 Ampere force磁感应强度 magnetic induction左手定则 left-hand rule洛伦兹力 Lorentz force磁通量 magnetic flux电磁感应 elctromagnetic induction感应电流 induction current感应电动势 induction electromotive force 电磁感应定律 law of electromagnetic induction右手定则 right-hand rule自感 self-induction交流 alternating current瞬时值 instantaneous value峰值 peak value有效值 effective value电感 inductance变压器 transformer电能 electric energy电磁场 electromagnetic field电磁波 electromagnetic wave雷达 radar热学：热平衡 thermal equilibrium理想气体 ideal gas热能 thermal energy热量 heat热容 heat capacity外界 surrounding准静态过程 quasi-static process等体过程 isochoric process等压过程 isobaric process等温过程 isothermal process绝热过程 adiabatic process循环 cycle阿伏加德罗常数 Avogadro constant布朗运动 Brown mation热运动 thermal motion热力学能 thermal energy内能 internal energy热力学第一定律 first law of thermodynamics 能量守恒定律 law of conservation of energy 热力学第二定律 second law of thermodynamics量子力学：原子 atomic光子 photon光电效应 photo-electric effect物质波 matter wave光谱 spectrum激光 laser衰减 decay辐射 radiation电子 electron质子 proton中子 neutron核子 nucleon同位数 isotope原子核 nucleus能级 energy level基态 ground state激发态 excited state跃迁 transition放射性 radioactivityα射线α rayβ射线β rayγ射线γ ray衰变 decay 核反应 nuclear reaction核能 nuclear energy质能方程 mass-energy equation 裂变 fission链式反应 chain reaction聚变 fusion热核反应 thermonuclear reaction 介子 meson轻子 lepton强子 hadron。
力学,流体力学,固体力学词汇英语翻译
力学，流体力学，固体力学英语词汇翻译牛顿力学Newtonian mechanics经典力学classical mechanics静力学statics运动学kinematics动力学dynamics动理学kinetics宏观力学macroscopic mechanics,macromechanics细观力学mesomechanics微观力学microscopic mechanics,micromechanics一般力学general mechanics固体力学solid mechanics流体力学fluid mechanics理论力学theoretical mechanics应用力学applied mechanics工程力学engineering mechanics实验力学experimental mechanics计算力学computational mechanics理性力学rational mechanics物理力学physical mechanics地球动力学geodynamics力force作用点point of action作用线line of action力系system of forces力系的简化reduction of force system等效力系equivalent force system刚体rigid body力的可传性transmissibility of force平行四边形定则parallelogram rule力三角形force triangle力多边形force polygon零力系null-force system平衡equilibrium力的平衡equilibrium of forces平衡条件equilibrium condition平衡位置equilibrium position平衡态equilibrium state分析力学analytical mechanics拉格朗日乘子Lagrange multiplier拉格朗日[量] Lagrangian拉格朗日括号Lagrange bracket循环坐标cyclic coordinate循环积分cyclic integral哈密顿[量] Hamiltonian哈密顿函数Hamiltonian function正则方程canonical equation正则摄动canonical perturbation正则变换canonical transformation正则变量canonical variable哈密顿原理Hamilton principle作用量积分action integral哈密顿--雅可比方程Hamilton-Jacobi equation 作用--角度变量action-angle variables阿佩尔方程Appell equation劳斯方程Routh equation拉格朗日函数Lagrangian function诺特定理Noether theorem泊松括号poisson bracket边界积分法boundary integral method并矢dyad运动稳定性stability of motion轨道稳定性orbital stability李雅普诺夫函数Lyapunov function渐近稳定性asymptotic stability结构稳定性structural stability久期不稳定性secular instability弗洛凯定理Floquet theorem倾覆力矩capsizing moment自由振动free vibration固有振动natural vibration暂态transient state环境振动ambient vibration反共振anti-resonance衰减attenuation库仑阻尼Coulomb damping同相分量in-phase component非同相分量out-of-phase component超调量overshoot参量[激励]振动parametric vibration模糊振动fuzzy vibration临界转速critical speed of rotation阻尼器damper半峰宽度half-peak width集总参量系统lumped parameter system相平面法phase plane method相轨迹phase trajectory等倾线法isocline method跳跃现象jump phenomenon负阻尼negative damping达芬方程Duffing equation希尔方程Hill equationKBM方法KBM method, Krylov-Bogoliu-bov-Mitropol'skii method 马蒂厄方程Mathieu equation平均法averaging method组合音调combination tone解谐detuning耗散函数dissipative function硬激励hard excitation硬弹簧hard spring, hardening spring谐波平衡法harmonic balance method久期项secular term自激振动self-excited vibration分界线separatrix亚谐波subharmonic软弹簧soft spring ,softening spring软激励soft excitation邓克利公式Dunkerley formula瑞利定理Rayleigh theorem分布参量系统distributed parameter system优势频率dominant frequency模态分析modal analysis固有模态natural mode of vibration同步synchronization超谐波ultraharmonic范德波尔方程van der pol equation频谱frequency spectrum基频fundamental frequencyWKB方法WKB method, Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin method缓冲器buffer风激振动aeolian vibration嗡鸣buzz倒谱cepstrum颤动chatter蛇行hunting阻抗匹配impedance matching机械导纳mechanical admittance机械效率mechanical efficiency机械阻抗mechanical impedance随机振动stochastic vibration, random vibration隔振vibration isolation减振vibration reduction应力过冲stress overshoot喘振surge摆振shimmy起伏运动phugoid motion起伏振荡phugoid oscillation驰振galloping陀螺动力学gyrodynamics陀螺摆gyropendulum陀螺平台gyroplatform陀螺力矩gyroscoopic torque陀螺稳定器gyrostabilizer陀螺体gyrostat惯性导航inertial guidance姿态角attitude angle方位角azimuthal angle舒勒周期Schuler period机器人动力学robot dynamics多体系统multibody system多刚体系统multi-rigid-body system机动性maneuverability凯恩方法Kane method转子[系统]动力学rotor dynamics转子[一支承一基础]系统rotor-support-foundation system 静平衡static balancing动平衡dynamic balancing静不平衡static unbalance动不平衡dynamic unbalance现场平衡field balancing不平衡unbalance不平衡量unbalance互耦力cross force挠性转子flexible rotor分频进动fractional frequency precession半频进动half frequency precession油膜振荡oil whip转子临界转速rotor critical speed自动定心self-alignment亚临界转速subcritical speed涡动whirl连续过程continuous process碰撞截面collision cross section通用气体常数conventional gas constant燃烧不稳定性combustion instability稀释度dilution完全离解complete dissociation火焰传播flame propagation组份constituent碰撞反应速率collision reaction rate燃烧理论combustion theory浓度梯度concentration gradient阴极腐蚀cathodic corrosion火焰速度flame speed火焰驻定flame stabilization火焰结构flame structure着火ignition湍流火焰turbulent flame层流火焰laminar flame燃烧带burning zone渗流flow in porous media, seepage达西定律Darcy law赫尔-肖流Hele-Shaw flow毛[细]管流capillary flow过滤filtration爪进fingering不互溶驱替immiscible displacement不互溶流体immiscible fluid互溶驱替miscible displacement互溶流体miscible fluid迁移率mobility流度比mobility ratio渗透率permeability孔隙度porosity多孔介质porous medium比面specific surface迂曲度tortuosity空隙void空隙分数void fraction注水water flooding可湿性wettability地球物理流体动力学geophysical fluid dynamics 物理海洋学physical oceanography大气环流atmospheric circulation海洋环流ocean circulation海洋流ocean current旋转流rotating flow平流advection埃克曼流Ekman flow埃克曼边界层Ekman boundary layer大气边界层atmospheric boundary layer大气-海洋相互作用atmosphere-ocean interaction埃克曼数Ekman number罗斯贝数Rossby unmber罗斯贝波Rossby wave斜压性baroclinicity正压性barotropy内磨擦internal friction海洋波ocean wave盐度salinity环境流体力学environmental fluid mechanics斯托克斯流Stokes flow羽流plume理查森数Richardson number污染源pollutant source污染物扩散pollutant diffusion噪声noise噪声级noise level噪声污染noise pollution排放物effulent工业流体力学industrical fluid mechanics流控技术fluidics轴向流axial flow并向流co-current flow对向流counter current flow横向流cross flow螺旋流spiral flow旋拧流swirling flow滞后流after flow混合层mixing layer抖振buffeting风压wind pressure附壁效应wall attachment effect, Coanda effect简约频率reduced frequency爆炸力学mechanics of explosion终点弹道学terminal ballistics动态超高压技术dynamic ultrahigh pressure technique 流体弹塑性体hydro-elastoplastic medium热塑不稳定性thermoplastic instability空中爆炸explosion in air地下爆炸underground explosion水下爆炸underwater explosion电爆炸discharge-induced explosion激光爆炸laser-induced explosion核爆炸nuclear explosion点爆炸point-source explosion殉爆sympathatic detonation强爆炸intense explosion粒子束爆炸explosion by beam radiation 聚爆implosion起爆initiation of explosion爆破blasting霍普金森杆Hopkinson bar电炮electric gun电磁炮electromagnetic gun爆炸洞explosion chamber轻气炮light gas gun马赫反射Mach reflection基浪base surge成坑cratering能量沉积energy deposition爆心explosion center爆炸当量explosion equivalent火球fire ball爆高height of burst蘑菇云mushroom侵彻penetration规则反射regular reflection崩落spallation应变率史strain rate history流变学rheology聚合物减阻drag reduction by polymers挤出[物]胀大extrusion swell, die swell无管虹吸tubeless siphon剪胀效应dilatancy effect孔压[误差]效应hole-pressure[error]effect 剪切致稠shear thickening剪切致稀shear thinning触变性thixotropy反触变性anti-thixotropy超塑性superplasticity粘弹塑性材料viscoelasto-plastic material 滞弹性材料anelastic material本构关系constitutive relation麦克斯韦模型Maxwell model沃伊特-开尔文模型Voigt-Kelvin model宾厄姆模型Bingham model奥伊洛特模型Oldroyd model幂律模型power law model应力松驰stress relaxation应变史strain history应力史stress history记忆函数memory function衰退记忆fading memory应力增长stress growing粘度函数voscosity function相对粘度relative viscosity复态粘度complex viscosity拉伸粘度elongational viscosity拉伸流动elongational flow第一法向应力差first normal-stress difference第二法向应力差second normal-stress difference 德博拉数Deborah number魏森贝格数Weissenberg number动态模量dynamic modulus振荡剪切流oscillatory shear flow宇宙气体动力学cosmic gas dynamics等离[子]体动力学plasma dynamics电离气体ionized gas行星边界层planetary boundary layer阿尔文波Alfven wave泊肃叶-哈特曼流] Poiseuille-Hartman flow哈特曼数Hartman number生物流变学biorheology生物流体biofluid生物屈服点bioyield point生物屈服应力bioyield stress电气体力学electro-gas dynamics铁流体力学ferro-hydrodynamics血液流变学hemorheology, blood rheology血液动力学hemodynamics磁流体力学magneto fluid mechanics磁流体动力学magnetohydrodynamics, MHD磁流体动力波magnetohydrodynamic wave磁流体流magnetohydrodynamic flow磁流体动力稳定性magnetohydrodynamic stability 生物力学biomechanics生物流体力学biological fluid mechanics生物固体力学biological solid mechanics宾厄姆塑性流Bingham plastic flow开尔文体Kelvin body沃伊特体Voigt body可贴变形applicable deformation可贴曲面applicable surface边界润滑boundary lubrication液膜润滑fluid film lubrication向心收缩功concentric work离心收缩功eccentric work关节反作用力joint reaction force微循环力学microcyclic mechanics微纤维microfibril渗透性permeability生理横截面积physiological cross-sectional area 农业生物力学agrobiomechanics纤维度fibrousness硬皮度rustiness胶粘度gumminess粘稠度stickiness嫩度tenderness渗透流osmotic flow易位流translocation flow蒸腾流transpirational flow过滤阻力filtration resistance压扁wafering风雪流snow-driving wind停滞堆积accretion遇阻堆积encroachment沙漠地面desert floor流沙固定fixation of shifting sand流动阈值fluid threshold连续介质力学mechanics of continuous media 介质medium流体质点fluid particle无粘性流体nonviscous fluid, inviscid fluid连续介质假设continuous medium hypothesis流体运动学fluid kinematics水静力学hydrostatics液体静力学hydrostatics支配方程governing equation伯努利方程Bernoulli equation伯努利定理Bernonlli theorem毕奥-萨伐尔定律Biot-Savart law欧拉方程Euler equation亥姆霍兹定理Helmholtz theorem开尔文定理Kelvin theorem涡片vortex sheet库塔-茹可夫斯基条件Kutta-Zhoukowski condition 布拉休斯解Blasius solution达朗贝尔佯廖d'Alembert paradox雷诺数Reynolds number施特鲁哈尔数Strouhal number随体导数material derivative不可压缩流体incompressible fluid质量守恒conservation of mass动量守恒conservation of momentum能量守恒conservation of energy动量方程momentum equation能量方程energy equation控制体积control volume液体静压hydrostatic pressure涡量拟能enstrophy压差differential pressure流[动] flow流线stream line流面stream surface流管stream tube迹线path, path line流场flow field流态flow regime流动参量flow parameter流量flow rate, flow discharge涡旋vortex涡量vorticity涡丝vortex filament涡线vortex line涡面vortex surface涡层vortex layer涡环vortex ring涡对vortex pair涡管vortex tube涡街vortex street卡门涡街Karman vortex street马蹄涡horseshoe vortex对流涡胞convective cell卷筒涡胞roll cell涡eddy涡粘性eddy viscosity环流circulation环量circulation速度环量velocity circulation偶极子doublet, dipole驻点stagnation point总压[力] total pressure总压头total head静压头static head总焓total enthalpy能量输运energy transport速度剖面velocity profile库埃特流Couette flow单相流single phase flow单组份流single-component flow均匀流uniform flow非均匀流nonuniform flow二维流two-dimensional flow三维流three-dimensional flow准定常流quasi-steady flow非定常流unsteady flow, non-steady flow 暂态流transient flow周期流periodic flow振荡流oscillatory flow分层流stratified flow无旋流irrotational flow有旋流rotational flow轴对称流axisymmetric flow不可压缩性incompressibility不可压缩流[动] incompressible flow浮体floating body定倾中心metacenter阻力drag, resistance减阻drag reduction表面力surface force表面张力surface tension毛细[管]作用capillarity来流incoming flow自由流free stream自由流线free stream line外流external flow进口entrance, inlet出口exit, outlet扰动disturbance, perturbation分布distribution传播propagation色散dispersion弥散dispersion附加质量added mass ,associated mass 收缩contraction镜象法image method无量纲参数dimensionless parameter几何相似geometric similarity运动相似kinematic similarity动力相似[性] dynamic similarity平面流plane flow势potential势流potential flow速度势velocity potential复势complex potential复速度complex velocity流函数stream function源source汇sink速度[水]头velocity head拐角流corner flow空泡流cavity flow超空泡supercavity超空泡流supercavity flow空气动力学aerodynamics低速空气动力学low-speed aerodynamics 高速空气动力学high-speed aerodynamics 气动热力学aerothermodynamics亚声速流[动] subsonic flow跨声速流[动] transonic flow超声速流[动] supersonic flow锥形流conical flow楔流wedge flow叶栅流cascade flow非平衡流[动] non-equilibrium flow细长体slender body细长度slenderness钝头体bluff body钝体blunt body翼型airfoil翼弦chord薄翼理论thin-airfoil theory构型configuration后缘trailing edge迎角angle of attack失速stall脱体激波detached shock wave波阻wave drag诱导阻力induced drag诱导速度induced velocity临界雷诺数critical Reynolds number前缘涡leading edge vortex附着涡bound vortex约束涡confined vortex气动中心aerodynamic center气动力aerodynamic force气动噪声aerodynamic noise气动加热aerodynamic heating离解dissociation地面效应ground effect气体动力学gas dynamics稀疏波rarefaction wave热状态方程thermal equation of state喷管Nozzle普朗特-迈耶流Prandtl-Meyer flow瑞利流Rayleigh flow可压缩流[动] compressible flow可压缩流体compressible fluid绝热流adiabatic flow非绝热流diabatic flow未扰动流undisturbed flow等熵流isentropic flow匀熵流homoentropic flow兰金-于戈尼奥条件Rankine-Hugoniot condition 状态方程equation of state量热状态方程caloric equation of state完全气体perfect gas拉瓦尔喷管Laval nozzle马赫角Mach angle马赫锥Mach cone马赫线Mach line马赫数Mach number马赫波Mach wave当地马赫数local Mach number冲击波shock wave激波shock wave正激波normal shock wave斜激波oblique shock wave头波bow wave附体激波attached shock wave激波阵面shock front激波层shock layer压缩波compression wave反射reflection折射refraction散射scattering衍射diffraction绕射diffraction出口压力exit pressure超压[强] over pressure反压back pressure爆炸explosion爆轰detonation缓燃deflagration水动力学hydrodynamics液体动力学hydrodynamics泰勒不稳定性Taylor instability盖斯特纳波Gerstner wave斯托克斯波Stokes wave瑞利数Rayleigh number自由面free surface波速wave speed, wave velocity 波高wave height波列wave train波群wave group波能wave energy表面波surface wave表面张力波capillary wave规则波regular wave不规则波irregular wave浅水波shallow water wave深水波deep water wave重力波gravity wave椭圆余弦波cnoidal wave潮波tidal wave涌波surge wave破碎波breaking wave船波ship wave非线性波nonlinear wave孤立子soliton水动[力]噪声hydrodynamic noise 水击water hammer空化cavitation空化数cavitation number空蚀cavitation damage超空化流supercavitating flow水翼hydrofoil水力学hydraulics洪水波flood wave涟漪ripple消能energy dissipation海洋水动力学marine hydrodynamics谢齐公式Chezy formula欧拉数Euler number弗劳德数Froude number水力半径hydraulic radius水力坡度hvdraulic slope高度水头elevating head水头损失head loss水位water level水跃hydraulic jump含水层aquifer排水drainage排放量discharge壅水曲线back water curve压[强水]头pressure head过水断面flow cross-section明槽流open channel flow孔流orifice flow无压流free surface flow有压流pressure flow缓流subcritical flow急流supercritical flow渐变流gradually varied flow急变流rapidly varied flow临界流critical flow异重流density current, gravity flow堰流weir flow掺气流aerated flow含沙流sediment-laden stream降水曲线dropdown curve沉积物sediment, deposit沉[降堆]积sedimentation, deposition沉降速度settling velocity流动稳定性flow stability不稳定性instability奥尔-索末菲方程Orr-Sommerfeld equation涡量方程vorticity equation泊肃叶流Poiseuille flow奥辛流Oseen flow剪切流shear flow粘性流[动] viscous flow层流laminar flow分离流separated flow二次流secondary flow近场流near field flow远场流far field flow滞止流stagnation flow尾流wake [flow]回流back flow反流reverse flow射流jet自由射流free jet管流pipe flow, tube flow内流internal flow拟序结构coherent structure 猝发过程bursting process表观粘度apparent viscosity 运动粘性kinematic viscosity 动力粘性dynamic viscosity泊poise厘泊centipoise厘沱centistoke剪切层shear layer次层sublayer流动分离flow separation层流分离laminar separation 湍流分离turbulent separation 分离点separation point附着点attachment point再附reattachment再层流化relaminarization起动涡starting vortex驻涡standing vortex涡旋破碎vortex breakdown涡旋脱落vortex shedding压[力]降pressure drop压差阻力pressure drag压力能pressure energy型阻profile drag滑移速度slip velocity无滑移条件non-slip condition壁剪应力skin friction, frictional drag壁剪切速度friction velocity磨擦损失friction loss磨擦因子friction factor耗散dissipation滞后lag相似性解similar solution局域相似local similarity气体润滑gas lubrication液体动力润滑hydrodynamic lubrication浆体slurry泰勒数Taylor number纳维-斯托克斯方程Navier-Stokes equation 牛顿流体Newtonian fluid边界层理论boundary later theory边界层方程boundary layer equation边界层boundary layer附面层boundary layer层流边界层laminar boundary layer湍流边界层turbulent boundary layer温度边界层thermal boundary layer边界层转捩boundary layer transition边界层分离boundary layer separation边界层厚度boundary layer thickness位移厚度displacement thickness能量厚度energy thickness焓厚度enthalpy thickness注入injection吸出suction泰勒涡Taylor vortex速度亏损律velocity defect law形状因子shape factor测速法anemometry粘度测定法visco[si] metry流动显示flow visualization油烟显示oil smoke visualization孔板流量计orifice meter频率响应frequency response油膜显示oil film visualization阴影法shadow method纹影法schlieren method烟丝法smoke wire method丝线法tuft method氢泡法nydrogen bubble method相似理论similarity theory相似律similarity law部分相似partial similarity定理pi theorem, Buckingham theorem静[态]校准static calibration动态校准dynamic calibration风洞wind tunnel激波管shock tube激波管风洞shock tube wind tunnel水洞water tunnel拖曳水池towing tank旋臂水池rotating arm basin扩散段diffuser测压孔pressure tap皮托管pitot tube普雷斯顿管preston tube斯坦顿管Stanton tube文丘里管Venturi tubeU形管U-tube压强计manometer微压计micromanometer多管压强计multiple manometer静压管static [pressure]tube流速计anemometer风速管Pitot- static tube激光多普勒测速计laser Doppler anemometer, laser Doppler velocimeter 热线流速计hot-wire anemometer热膜流速计hot- film anemometer流量计flow meter粘度计visco[si] meter涡量计vorticity meter传感器transducer, sensor压强传感器pressure transducer热敏电阻thermistor示踪物tracer时间线time line脉线streak line尺度效应scale effect壁效应wall effect堵塞blockage堵寒效应blockage effect动态响应dynamic response响应频率response frequency底压base pressure菲克定律Fick law巴塞特力Basset force埃克特数Eckert number格拉斯霍夫数Grashof number努塞特数Nusselt number普朗特数prandtl number雷诺比拟Reynolds analogy施密特数schmidt number斯坦顿数Stanton number对流convection自由对流natural convection, free convec-tion 强迫对流forced convection热对流heat convection质量传递mass transfer传质系数mass transfer coefficient热量传递heat transfer传热系数heat transfer coefficient对流传热convective heat transfer辐射传热radiative heat transfer动量交换momentum transfer能量传递energy transfer传导conduction热传导conductive heat transfer热交换heat exchange临界热通量critical heat flux浓度concentration扩散diffusion扩散性diffusivity扩散率diffusivity扩散速度diffusion velocity分子扩散molecular diffusion沸腾boiling蒸发evaporation气化gasification凝结condensation成核nucleation计算流体力学computational fluid mechanics 多重尺度问题multiple scale problem伯格斯方程Burgers equation对流扩散方程convection diffusion equation KDU方程KDV equation修正微分方程modified differential equation拉克斯等价定理Lax equivalence theorem数值模拟numerical simulation大涡模拟large eddy simulation数值粘性numerical viscosity非线性不稳定性nonlinear instability希尔特稳定性分析Hirt stability analysis相容条件consistency conditionCFL条件Courant- Friedrichs- Lewy condition ,CFL condition 狄里克雷边界条件Dirichlet boundary condition熵条件entropy condition远场边界条件far field boundary condition流入边界条件inflow boundary condition无反射边界条件nonreflecting boundary condition数值边界条件numerical boundary condition流出边界条件outflow boundary condition冯.诺伊曼条件von Neumann condition近似因子分解法approximate factorization method人工压缩artificial compression人工粘性artificial viscosity边界元法boundary element method配置方法collocation method能量法energy method有限体积法finite volume method流体网格法fluid in cell method, FLIC method通量校正传输法flux-corrected transport method通量矢量分解法flux vector splitting method伽辽金法Galerkin method积分方法integral method标记网格法marker and cell method, MAC method特征线法method of characteristics直线法method of lines矩量法moment method多重网格法multi- grid method板块法panel method质点网格法particle in cell method, PIC method质点法particle method预估校正法predictor-corrector method投影法projection method准谱法pseudo-spectral method随机选取法random choice method激波捕捉法shock-capturing method激波拟合法shock-fitting method谱方法spectral method稀疏矩阵分解法split coefficient matrix method不定常法time-dependent method时间分步法time splitting method变分法variational method涡方法vortex method隐格式implicit scheme显格式explicit scheme交替方向隐格式alternating direction implicit scheme, ADI scheme 反扩散差分格式anti-diffusion difference scheme紧差分格式compact difference scheme守恒差分格式conservation difference scheme克兰克-尼科尔森格式Crank-Nicolson scheme杜福特-弗兰克尔格式Dufort-Frankel scheme指数格式exponential scheme戈本诺夫格式Godunov scheme高分辨率格式high resolution scheme拉克斯-温德罗夫格式Lax-Wendroff scheme蛙跳格式leap-frog scheme单调差分格式monotone difference scheme保单调差分格式monotonicity preserving difference scheme穆曼-科尔格式Murman-Cole scheme半隐格式semi-implicit scheme斜迎风格式skew-upstream scheme全变差下降格式total variation decreasing scheme TVD scheme迎风格式upstream scheme , upwind scheme计算区域computational domain物理区域physical domain影响域domain of influence依赖域domain of dependence区域分解domain decomposition维数分解dimensional split物理解physical solution弱解weak solution黎曼解算子Riemann solver守恒型conservation form弱守恒型weak conservation form强守恒型strong conservation form散度型divergence form贴体曲线坐标body- fitted curvilinear coordi-nates[自]适应网格[self-] adaptive mesh适应网格生成adaptive grid generation自动网格生成automatic grid generation数值网格生成numerical grid generation交错网格staggered mesh网格雷诺数cell Reynolds number数植扩散numerical diffusion数值耗散numerical dissipation数值色散numerical dispersion数值通量numerical flux放大因子amplification factor放大矩阵amplification matrix阻尼误差damping error离散涡discrete vortex熵通量entropy flux熵函数entropy function分步法fractional step method广义连续统力学generalized continuum mechanics简单物质simple material纯力学物质purely mechanical material微分型物质material of differential type积分型物质material of integral type混合物组份constituents of a mixture非协调理论incompatibility theory微极理论micropolar theory决定性原理principle of determinism等存在原理principle of equipresence局部作用原理principle of objectivity客观性原理principle of objectivity电磁连续统理论theory of electromagnetic continuum 内时理论endochronic theory非局部理论nonlocal theory混合物理论theory of mixtures里夫林-矣里克森张量Rivlin-Ericksen tensor声张量acoustic tensor半向同性张量hemitropic tensor各向同性张量isotropic tensor应变张量strain tensor伸缩张量stretch tensor连续旋错continuous dislination连续位错continuous dislocation动量矩平衡angular momentum balance余本构关系complementary constitutive relations共旋导数co-rotational derivative, Jaumann derivative 非完整分量anholonomic component爬升效应climbing effect协调条件compatibility condition错综度complexity当时构形current configuration能量平衡energy balance变形梯度deformation gradient有限弹性finite elasticity熵增entropy production标架无差异性frame indifference弹性势elastic potential熵不等式entropy inequality极分解polar decomposition低弹性hypoelasticity参考构形reference configuration响应泛函response functional动量平衡momentum balance奇异面singular surface贮能函数stored-energy function内部约束internal constraint物理分量physical components本原元primitive element普适变形universal deformation速度梯度velocity gradient测粘流动viscometric flow当地导数local derivative岩石力学rock mechanics原始岩体应力virgin rock stress构造应力tectonic stress三轴压缩试验three-axial compression test 三轴拉伸试验three-axial tensile test三轴试验triaxial test岩层静态应力lithostatic stress吕荣lugeon地压强geostatic pressure水力劈裂hydraulic fracture咬合[作用] interlocking内禀抗剪强度intrinsic shear strength循环抗剪强度cyclic shear strength残余抗剪强度residual shear strength土力学soil mechanics孔隙比void ratio内磨擦角angle of internal friction休止角angle of repose孔隙率porosity围压ambient pressure渗透系数coefficient of permeability [抗]剪切角angle of shear resistance渗流力seepage force表观粘聚力apparent cohesion粘聚力cohesion稠度consistency固结consolidation主固结primary consolidation次固结secondary consolidation固结仪consolidometer浮升力uplift扩容dilatancy有效应力effective stress絮凝[作用] flocculation主动土压力active earth pressure 被动土压力passive earth pressure 土动力学soil dynamics应力解除stress relief次时间效应secondary time effect 贯入阻力penetration resistance沙土液化liquefaction of sand泥流mud flow多相流multiphase flow马格努斯效应Magnus effect韦伯数Weber number环状流annular flow泡状流bubble flow层状流stratified flow平衡流equilibrium flow二组份流two-component flow冻结流frozen flow均质流homogeneous flow二相流two-phase flow气-液流gas-liquid flow气-固流gas-solid flow液-气流liquid-gas flow液-固流liquid-solid flow液体-蒸气流liquid-vapor flow浓相dense phase稀相dilute phase连续相continuous phase离散相dispersed phase悬浮suspension气力输运pneumatic transport气泡形成bubble formation体密度bulk density壅塞choking微滴droplet挟带entrainment流型flow pattern流[态]化fluidization界面interface跃动速度saltation velocity非牛顿流体力学non-Newtonian fluid mechanics非牛顿流体non-Newtonian fluid幂律流体power law fluid拟塑性流体pseudoplastic fluid触稠流体rheopectic fluid触变流体thixotropic fluid粘弹性流体viscoelastic fluid流变测量学rheometry震凝性rheopexy体[积]粘性bulk viscosity魏森贝格效应Weissenberg effect流变仪rheometer稀薄气体动力学rarefied gas dynamics物理化学流体力学physico-chemical hydrodynamics 空气热化学aerothermochemistry绝对压强absolute pressure绝对反应速率absolute reaction rate绝对温度absolute temperature吸收系数absorption coefficient活化分子activated molecule活化能activation energy绝热压缩adiabatic compression绝热膨胀adiabatic expansion绝热火焰温度adiabatic flame temperature电弧风洞arc tunnel原子热atomic heat雾化atomization自燃auto-ignition自动氧化auto-oxidation可用能量available energy缓冲作用buffer action松密度bulk density燃烧率burning rate燃烧速度burning velocity接触面contact surface烧蚀ablation弹性力学elasticity弹性理论theory of elasticity均匀应力状态homogeneous state of stress应力不变量stress invariant应变不变量strain invariant应变椭球strain ellipsoid均匀应变状态homogeneous state of strain应变协调方程equation of strain compatibility拉梅常量Lame constants各向同性弹性isotropic elasticity旋转圆盘rotating circular disk楔wedge开尔文问题Kelvin problem布西内斯克问题Boussinesq problem艾里应力函数Airy stress function克罗索夫-穆斯赫利什维利法Kolosoff-Muskhelishvili method 基尔霍夫假设Kirchhoff hypothesis板Plate矩形板Rectangular plate圆板Circular plate环板Annular plate波纹板Corrugated plate加劲板Stiffened plate,reinforced Plate中厚板Plate of moderate thickness弯[曲]应力函数Stress function of bending壳Shell扁壳Shallow shell旋转壳Revolutionary shell球壳Spherical shell[圆]柱壳Cylindrical shell锥壳Conical shell环壳Toroidal shell封闭壳Closed shell波纹壳Corrugated shell扭[转]应力函数Stress function of torsion翘曲函数Warping function半逆解法semi-inverse method瑞利--里茨法Rayleigh-Ritz method松弛法Relaxation method莱维法Levy method松弛Relaxation量纲分析Dimensional analysis自相似[性] self-similarity影响面Influence surface接触应力Contact stress赫兹理论Hertz theory协调接触Conforming contact滑动接触Sliding contact滚动接触Rolling contact压入Indentation各向异性弹性Anisotropic elasticity颗粒材料Granular material散体力学Mechanics of granular media 热弹性Thermoelasticity超弹性Hyperelasticity粘弹性Viscoelasticity对应原理Correspondence principle褶皱Wrinkle塑性全量理论Total theory of plasticity 滑动Sliding微滑Microslip粗糙度Roughness非线性弹性Nonlinear elasticity大挠度Large deflection突弹跳变snap-through有限变形Finite deformation格林应变Green strain阿尔曼西应变Almansi strain弹性动力学Dynamic elasticity运动方程Equation of motion准静态的Quasi-static气动弹性Aeroelasticity水弹性Hydroelasticity颤振Flutter弹性波Elastic wave简单波Simple wave柱面波Cylindrical wave水平剪切波Horizontal shear wave竖直剪切波Vertical shear wave体波body wave无旋波Irrotational wave畸变波Distortion wave膨胀波Dilatation wave瑞利波Rayleigh wave等容波Equivoluminal wave勒夫波Love wave界面波Interfacial wave边缘效应edge effect塑性力学Plasticity可成形性Formability金属成形Metal forming。
固体物理专业术语
弹性模量 Elastic module 弹性动力学方程 Elastic-dynamics equation
玻尔兹曼方程 Boltzman equation 点群 Point groups
迪. 哈斯－范. 阿耳芬效应 De Hass－Van Alphen effect
胡克定律 Hooke’s law 氢键 Hydrogen bond
亲合势 Affinity 重迭排斥能 Overlap repulsive energy
能带的扩展能区图式
Extended zone scheme of energy band 配分函数 Partition function 准粒子 Quasi- particle 准动量 Quasi- momentum 准自由电子近似
Nearly free electron approximation
空间群 Space group 空位 Vacancy
范德瓦耳斯相互作用 Van der Waals interaction
金属性结合 Metallic binding 单斜晶系 Monoclinic system 单电子近似 Single-erection approximation 极化声子 Polarization phonon 拉曼散射 Raman scattering
对称操作 Symmetry operation 对称群 Symmetric group
正交化平面波 Orthogonalized plane wave 电子-晶格相互作用 Electron-lattice interaction
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Solid-State Physics
1.1 Classification of Solids by Binding Forces
Binding force 结合力
crystalline a. 结晶的
equilibrium n. 平衡
equilibrium position 平衡位置
chemical bonding 化学键
molecule n. 分子
perturbation n. 微扰
perturbation theory 微扰理论
quantum mechanical 量子力学的
quantum mechanics 量子力学
van der Waals forces 范德瓦尔斯力
short range 短程
short-range force 短程力
repulsive force 斥力
transitory dipole 瞬时偶极子
harmonic oscillator 谐振子、简谐振子、正弦波发生器electrically neutral 电中性的
electrical neutrality 电中性
kinetic energy 动能
interatomic potential 原子间势
interatomic spacing 原子间距
the permittivity of free space 真空介电常数
zero-point energy 零点能
ground state 基态
ground state energy 基态能量
attractive force 引力
Lennard-Jones potential 雷纳德－琼斯势
Coulomb attraction 库仑引力
Coulomb repulsion 库仑斥力
potential energy 势能
prime 上撇号，符号(′)
Madelung constant 马德隆常数
cohesive energy 结合能
reversible process 可逆过程
entropy 熵
internal energy 内能
isothermal compressibility 等温压缩率
metallic bond 金属键
Pauli exclusion principle 泡利不相容原理
covalent bond 共价键
cleavage plane 解理面
valence crystal 共价键晶体molecular crystal 分子晶体ionic crystal 离子晶体metallic crystal 金属晶体hydrogen-bonded crystal 氢键晶体proton 质子
1.2 Group Theory and Crystallography crystallography 结晶学。