宏观经济学第23章作业

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宏观经济学(初级第23章)

2014-5-28
导言
什么是宏观经济学
宏观经济学内容分类及研究的主要问题
内容分类
宏观经济理论：包括国民收入决定理论、消费理论、投资理论、货币理论、失业与通货膨胀理论、经济周期理论、经济增长理论、开放经济理论等。
宏观经济政策：包括经济政策目标、经济政策工具、经济政策机制、经济政策效应与运用。
宏观经济计量模型：用于理论验证、经济预测、政策制定，以及政策效应检验。
4.所有的：新增的产品和劳务；存量GDP的衍生服务（如存量住房服务的市场价值，国外更适合，因为租房住；写字楼GDP）
能够统计的有限的“所有”。家务劳动、黑市交易、非法交易等在实际中都没有办法统计进入GDP。
家庭生产中雇主跟雇员的婚姻：减少GDP。经济活动从市场交易变成家务劳动。
2014-5-28
2014-5-28
税收
拉弗曲线
税率
导言
什么是宏观经济学
宏观经济学主要流派及观点
5. 理性预期学派
代表人物：卢卡斯、萨金特、华莱士、巴罗、泰勒和普雷斯科特等。理论特征：在引入理性预期假说的基础上，全面恢复新古典经济学的传统反对凯恩斯主义的宏观经济理论和政策主张。基本理论观点：理性预期假说：理性预期是有效利用一切信息而进行的预期；自然率假说：任何一个社会都存在一个自然失业率，长期而言，经济总是趋向于自然失业率，尽管短期内，经济政策能够使得实际失业率不同于自然失业率；李嘉图等价定理：举债与征税等价。政策主张：宏观经济政策无效论、政策目标单一论、信誉重于规则
导言
什么是宏观经济学
现代经济学两大分支之一
经济学的两个分支：微观经济学和宏观经济学。
微观经济学（Microeconomics）(“微观”是希腊文 “ μικρο ”的意译，原意是“小")又称个体经济学，小经济学，主要以单个经济单位（单个生产者、单个消费者、单个市场经济活动）作为研究对象的一门学科。价格分析是微观经济学的核心，故微观经济学又被称为价格理论。

宏经23章选择题（题目+答案+详解）

宏经23章选择题（题目+答案+详解）宏观经济学原理第23章一国收入的衡量1. A steel company sells some steel to a bicycle company for $150. The bicycle company uses the steel to produce a bicycle, which it sells for $250. Taken together, these two transactions contributeA.$150 to GDP.B.$250 to GDP.C.between $250 and $400 to GDP, depending on the profit earned by the bicycle company when it sold the bicycle.D.$400 to GDP.2. Igor and Natalia have each been doing their own housework. Igor decides to hire Natalia to do his housework, and in turn, Natalia hires Igor to do her housework. As a result of this change,a. GDP falls.b. GDP rises.c. GDP is unaffected because housework is not included in GDP.d. GDP is unaffected because the same work is being performed in both cases.3. Gasoline is considered a final good if it is sold by aA.gasoline station to a bus company that operates a bus route between San Francisco and Los Angeles.B.pipeline operator to a gasoline station in San Francisco.C.gasoline station to a motorist in Los Angeles.D.All of the above are correct.4. Oiko Nomos buys a new computer in June 2001 and thensells it to a friend in December 2001. GDPa. will include the value of both the June sale and the December sale.b. will include the full value of the June sale, but only part of the value of the December sale, since the computer had been used.c. will include the value of the June sale only.d. will include the value of the December sale only, since that was the final sale of the computer in 2001.5. An American company owns a fast-food store in Lima, Peru. The value of the goods and services produced in the storea. are included in both Peruvian GDP and U.S. GDP.b. are included partly in Peruvian GDP and partly in U.S. GDP.c. are included in U.S. GDP, but not Peruvian GDP.d. are included in Peruvian GDP, but not U.S. GDP.e. none of the above答案：BBCCD6. The government of Wrexington, a country which has adopted American GDP accounting conventions, reported that GDP in quarter 3 was $12 billion at an annual rate. This means that the market value of all final goods and services produced within Wrexington in quarter 3 wasA.$3 billion.B.$4 billion.C.$12 billion.D.$48 billion.7. If a U.S. citizen buys a tractor made in Belarus,a. U.S. net exports decrease, and U.S. GDP decreases.b. U.S. net exports are unaffected, and U.S. GDP decreases.c. U.S. net exports are unaffected, and U.S. GDP is unaffected.d. U.S. net exports decrease but U.S. GDP is unaffected.8. Which of the following represents a transfer payment?a. the government sends your grandfather his social security check.b. you transfer $1,000 from your bank account to a mutual fund.c. the bank transfers $10 quarterly interest to your savings account.d. your employer automatically transfers $100 each month from your pay to a non-taxable medical spending account.9. You send a gift of $500 to your brother in Montana. When it is received,a. GDP increases because the $500 represents income to your brother.b. GDP decreases because the $500 represents a reduction in your income.c. GDP is unaffected because the $500 represents a transfer, not a purchase.d. GDP increases because your brother will probably spend it.10. To encourage formation of small businesses, the government could provide subsidies; these subsidiesA.would be included in GDP because they are part of government purchases.B.would be included in GDP because they are part of investment expenditures.C.would not be included in GDP because they are transfer payments.D.would not be included in GDP because the governmentraises taxes to pay for them.答案：ADACC解析：6.A：第三季度公布的GDP按年度增长率算为$12 billion ；实际则为12/4=310.C：政府购买：政府员工的薪水和用于公务的支出，政府购买——为一位陆军将军或是小学教师支付薪水则这份薪水转移支付（不计入政府购买，不算入GDP）——政府向一个老年人支付社会保障补助、向被解雇的公认支付失业保险补助、为鼓励小企业而提供的政府补贴11 An Iowan receives a Social Security check for $500, which he uses to purchase a $480 television made in Japan by a Japanese firm and a $20 dinner at a local restaurant. As a result, U.S. GDPA.does not change.B.increases by $20.C.increases by $520.D.increases by $1000.12. The best measure of a country’s production of goods and services isa. nominal GDP.b. nominal GNP.c. real GDP.d. real NNP.13. If total spending rises from one year to the next, thena. the economy must be producing a larger output of goods and services.b. prices at which goods and services are sold must be higher.c. either the economy must be producing a larger output ofgoods and services, or the prices at which goods and services are sold must be higher, or both.d. net exports must be falling.14. When economists talk about growth in the economy, they measure that growth witha. the absolute change in nominal GDP.b. the percentage change in real GDP.c. the absolute change in real GDP.d. the percentage change in nominal GDP.15.If the GDP deflator is 150 and nominal GDP is $9,000 billion, then real GDP isa. $600 billion.b. $6,000 billion.c. $1,350 billion.d. $135 billion.16. The GDP deflator can be used to identifya. the increase in nominal GDP that is due to an increase in prices rather than an increase in production.b. the increase in real GDP that is due to an increase in prices rather than an increase in production.c. the increase in the cost of living for typical U.S. consumers.d. the reduction in government spending required to balance the federal budget.17 If the GDP deflator was 100 in the base year of 2000, and was 105 in 2002, we can say thata. the price level increased by 105 percent from 2000 to 2002.b. the price level increased by 5 percent from 2000 to 2002.c. the price level increased by 205 percent from 2000 to 2002.d. we cannot judge price increases from changes in the GDP deflator.答案：BCCBBAA解析：14B：经济学家想衡量不受物品与劳务价格变动影响所产生的物品与劳务的总产量，使用真实GDP作为衡量指标）15B：GDP平减指数=名义GDP*100/真实GDP16A：名义GDP反映价格和数量变动；真实GDP只反映数量变动；名义GDP只反映价格变动。

北大出版社_曼昆_宏观经济学_第六版_最新全英试题库_有答案解析_23章

Chapter 23 Measuring a Nation's IncomeMULTIPLE CHOICE1. M acroeconomists studya. the decisions of individual households and firms.b. the interaction between households and firms.c. economy-wide phenomena.d. regulations imposed on firms and unions.ANS: C DIF: 1 REF: 10-0 NAT: AnalyticLOC: The study of economics and definitions in economics TOP: MacroeconomicsMSC: Definitional2. W hich of the following newspaper headlines is more closely related to what micro-economists study than to what macroeconomists study?a. Unemployment rate rises from 5 percent to 5.5 percent.b. Real GDP grows by 3.1 percent in the third quarter.c. Retail sales at stores show large gains.d. The price of oranges rises after an early frost.ANS: D DIF: 2 REF: 10-0 NAT: AnalyticLOC: The study of economics and definitions in economics TOP: MacroeconomicsMSC: Interpretive3. W hich of the following questions is more likely to be studied by a microeconomist thana macroeconomist?a. Why do prices in general rise by more in some countries than in others?b. Why do wages differ across industries?c. Why do national production and income increase in some periods and not in others?d. How rapidly is GDP currently increasing?ANS: B DIF: 2 REF: 10-0 NAT: AnalyticLOC: The study of economics and definitions in economics TOP: MacroeconomicsMSC: Interpretive4. W hich of the following topics are more likely to be studied by a macroeconomist thanby a microeconomist?a. the effect of taxes on the prices of airline tickets, and the profitability ofautomobile-manufacturing firmsb. the price of beef, and wage differences between gendersc. how consumers maximize utility, and how prices are established in markets foragricultural productsd. the percentage of the labor force that is out of work, and differences in averageincome from country to countryANS: D DIF: 2 REF: 10-0 NAT: AnalyticLOC: The study of economics and definitions in economics TOP: MacroeconomicsMSC: Interpretive12 ❖Chapter 23/Measuring a Nation's Income5. W e would expect a macroeconomist, as opposed to a microeconomist, to be particularlyinterested ina. explaining how economic changes affect prices of particular goods.b. devising policies to deal with market failures such as externalities and marketpower.c. devising policies to promote low inflation.d. identifying those markets that are competitive and those that are not competitive. ANS: C DIF: 2 REF: 10-0 NAT: AnalyticLOC: The study of economics and definitions in economics TOP: Macroeconomics MSC: Interpretive6. W hich of the following is not a question that macroeconomists address?a. Why is average income high in some countries while it is low in others?b. Why does the price of oil rise when war erupts in the Middle East?c. Why do production and employment expand in some years and contract in others?d. Why do prices rise rapidly in some periods of time while they are more stable inother periods?ANS: B DIF: 2 REF: 10-0 NAT: AnalyticLOC: The study of economics and definitions in economics TOP: Macroeconomics MSC: Interpretive7. T he basic tools of supply and demand area. useful only in the analysis of economic behavior in individual markets.b. useful in analyzing the overall economy, but not in analyzing individual markets.c. central to microeconomic analysis, but seldom used in macroeconomic analysis.d. central to macroeconomic analysis as well as to microeconomic analysis.ANS: D DIF: 1 REF: 10-0 NAT: AnalyticLOC: The study of economics and definitions in economics TOP: Supply and demandMSC: Definitional8. W hich of the following statistics is usually regarded as the best single measure ofa society’s economic well-being?a. the unemployment rateb. the inflation ratec. gross domestic productd. the trade deficitANS: C DIF: 1 REF: 10-0 NAT: AnalyticLOC: The study of economics and definitions in economics TOP: GDPMSC: Definitional范文范例学习参考9. G DPa. is used to monitor the performance of the overall economy but is not the singlebest measure of a society’s economic well-being.b. is used to monitor the performance of the overall economy and is the single bestmeasure of a society’s economic well-being.c. is not used to monitor the performance of the overall economy but is the singlebest measure of a society’s economic well-being.d. is not used to monitor the performance of the overall economy and is not the singlebest measure of a society’s economic well-being.ANS: B DIF: 1 REF: 10-0 NAT: AnalyticLOC: The study of economics and definitions in economics TOP: GDPMSC: DefinitionalTHE ECONOMY'S INCOME AND EXPENDITURE1. G ross domestic product measuresa. income and expenditures.b. income but not expenditures.c. expenditures but not income.d. neither income nor expenditures.ANS: A DIF: 2 REF: 10-1 NAT: AnalyticLOC: The study of economics and definitions in economics TOP: GDPMSC: Interpretive2. E xpenditures on a nation’s domestic productiona. are less than its domestic production.b. are equal to its domestic production.c. are greater than its domestic production.d. could be less than, equal to, or greater than its domestic production. ANS: B DIF: 1 REF: 10-1 NAT: AnalyticLOC: The study of economics and definitions in economics TOP: GDPMSC: Definitional3. I ncome generated by a nation’s domestic productiona. is less than its domestic production.b. is equal to its domestic production.c. is greater than its domestic production.d. could be less than, equal to, or greater than its domestic production. ANS: B DIF: 1 REF: 10-1 NAT: AnalyticLOC: The study of economics and definitions in economics TOP: GDPMSC: Definitional4 ❖Chapter 23/Measuring a Nation's Income4. F or an economy as a whole,a. wages must equal profit.b. consumption must equal saving.c. income must equal expenditure.d. the number of buyers must equal the number of sellers.ANS: C DIF: 2 REF: 10-1 NAT: AnalyticLOC: The study of economics and definitions in economics TOP: GDPMSC: Interpretive5. W hich of the following statements about GDP is correct?a. GDP measures two things at once: the total income of everyone in the economyand the total expenditure on the economy’s output of goods and services.b. Money continuously flows from households to firms and then back tohouseholds, and GDP measures this flow of money.c. GDP is generally regarded as the best single measure of a society’seconomic well-being.d. All of the above are correct.ANS: D DIF: 2 REF: 10-1 NAT: AnalyticLOC: The study of economics and definitions in economics TOP: GDPMSC: Interpretive6. B ecause every transaction has a buyer and a seller,a. GDP is more closely associated with an economy’s income than it is withan economy’s expenditure.b. every transaction contributes equally to an economy’s income and to itsexpenditure.c. the number of firms must be equal to the number of households in a simplecircular-flow diagram.d. firms’ profits are necessarily zero in a simple circular-flow diagram. ANS: B DIF: 2 REF: 10-1 NAT: AnalyticLOC: The study of economics and definitions in economics TOP: Circular flow MSC: Interpretive7. F or an economy as a whole, income must equal expenditure becausea. the number of firms is equal to the number of households in an economy.b. individuals can only spend what they earn each period.c. every dollar of spending by some buyer is a dollar of income for some seller.d. every dollar of saving by some consumer is a dollar of spending by someother consumer.ANS: C DIF: 2 REF: 10-1 NAT: AnalyticLOC: The study of economics and definitions in economics TOP: Circular flow MSC: Interpretive范文范例学习参考8. I f an economy’s GDP falls, then it must be the case that the economy’sa. income falls and saving rises.b. income and saving both fall.c. income falls and expenditure rises.d. income and expenditure both fall.ANS: D DIF: 2 REF: 10-1 NAT: AnalyticLOC: The study of economics and definitions in economics TOP: GDPMSC: Interpretive9. I f an economy’s GDP rises, then it must be the case that the economy’sa. income rises and saving falls.b. income and saving both rise.c. income rises and expenditure falls.d. income and expenditure both rise.ANS: D DIF: 2 REF: 10-1 NAT: AnalyticLOC: The study of economics and definitions in economics TOP: GDPMSC: Interpretive10. W hich of the following statements about GDP is correct?a. GDP measures two things at once: the total income of everyone in the economyand the unemployment rate of the economy’s labor force.b. Money continuously flows from households to government and then back tohouseholds, and GDP measures this flow of money.c. GDP is to a nation’s economy as household income is to a household.d. All of the above are correct.ANS: C DIF: 2 REF: 10-1 NAT: AnalyticLOC: The study of economics and definitions in economics TOP: GDPMSC: Interpretive11. I n a simple circular-flow diagram, total income and total expenditure area. never equal because total income always exceeds total expenditure.b. seldom equal because of the ongoing changes in an economy’s unemploymentrate.c. equal only when the government purchases no goods or services.d. always equal because every transaction has a buyer and a seller.ANS: D DIF: 2 REF: 10-1 NAT: AnalyticLOC: Understanding and applying economic models TOP: Circular flow MSC: Interpretive6 ❖Chapter 23/Measuring a Nation's Income12. I n a simple circular-flow diagram,a. households spend all of their income.b. all goods and services are bought by households.c. expenditures flow through the markets for goods and services, while incomeflows through the markets for the factors of production.d. All of the above are correct.ANS: D DIF: 2 REF: 10-1 NAT: AnalyticLOC: Understanding and applying economic models TOP: Circular flow MSC: Interpretive13. I n a simple circular-flow diagram, firms use the money they get from a saletoa. pay wages to workers.b. pay rent to landlords.c. pay profit to the firms’ owners.d. All of the above are correct.ANS: D DIF: 1 REF: 10-1 NAT: AnalyticLOC: Understanding and applying economic models TOP: Circular flow MSC: Definitional14. I n a simple circular-flow diagram, households buy goods and services with theincome they get froma. wages.b. rents.c. profits.d. All of the above are correct.ANS: D DIF: 1 REF: 10-1 NAT: AnalyticLOC: Understanding and applying economic models TOP: Circular flow MSC: Definitional15. I n the actual economy, householdsa. spend all of their income.b. divide their income among spending, taxes, and saving.c. buy all goods and services produced in the economy.d. Both (a) and (c) are correct.ANS: B DIF: 2 REF: 10-1 NAT: AnalyticLOC: Understanding and applying economic models TOP: Circular flow MSC: Interpretive范文范例学习参考16. T otal income from the domestic production of final goods and services equalsa. only household expenditures for these goods.b. only household and business expenditures for these goods.c. only household and government expenditures for these goods.d. the expenditures for these goods whoever buys them.ANS: D DIF: 1 REF: 10-1 NAT: AnalyticLOC: The study of economics and definitions in economics TOP: Circular flow MSC: Definitional17. I n the actual economy, goods and services are purchased bya. households, but not firms or the government.b. households and firms, but not the government.c. households and the government, but not firms.d. households, firms, and the government.ANS: D DIF: 1 REF: 10-1 NAT: AnalyticLOC: Understanding and applying economic models TOP: Circular flowMSC: Interpretive18. A ccording to the circular-flow diagram GDPa. can be computed as the total income paid by firms or as expenditures onfinal goods and services.b. can be computed as the total income paid by firms, but not as expenditureson final goods and services.c. can be computed as expenditures on final goods and services, but not asthe total income paid by firms.d. cannot be computed as either total income paid by firms or expenditureson final goods and services.ANS: A DIF: 2 REF: 10-1 NAT: AnalyticLOC: The study of economics and definitions in economics TOP: Circular flow MSC: Definitional19. A ccording to the circular-flow diagram GDPa. can be computed as either the revenue firms receive from the sales of goodsand services or the payments they make to factors of production.b. can be computed as the revenue firms receive from the sales of goods andservices but not as the payments they make to factors of production.c. can be computed as payments firms make to factors of production but notas revenues they receive from the sales of goods and services.d. cannot be computed as either the revenue firms receive or the payments theymake to factors of production.ANS: A DIF: 2 REF: 10-1 NAT: AnalyticLOC: The study of economics and definitions in economics TOP: Circular flow MSC: Definitional8 ❖Chapter 23/Measuring a Nation's IncomeTHE MEASUREMENT OF GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT1. G DP is defined as thea. value of all goods and services produced within a country in a given periodof time.b. value of all goods and services produced by the citizens of a country,regardless of where they are living, in a given period of time.c. value of all final goods and services produced within a country in a givenperiod of time.d. value of all final goods and services produced by the citizens of a country,regardless of where they are living, in a given period of time.ANS: C DIF: 1 REF: 10-2 NAT: AnalyticLOC: The study of economics and definitions in economics TOP: Domestic productionMSC: Definitional2. W hich of the following is a way to compute GDP?a. add up the wages paid to all workersb. add up the quantities of all final goods and servicesc. add up the market values of all final goods and servicesd. add up the difference between the market values of all final goods andservices and then subtract the costs of producing those goods and services ANS: C DIF: 2 REF: 10-2 NAT: AnalyticLOC: The study of economics and definitions in economics TOP: Market value MSC: Interpretive3. I n order to include many different goods and services in an aggregate measure,GDP is computed using, primarily,a. values of goods and services based on surveys of consumers.b. market prices.c. quantities purchased by a typical urban household.d. profits from producing goods and services.ANS: B DIF: 2 REF: 10-2 NAT: AnalyticLOC: The study of economics and definitions in economics TOP: Market value MSC: Interpretive4. G ross domestic product adds together many different kinds of goods and servicesinto a single measure of the value of economic activity. To do this, GDP makes use ofa. market prices.b. statistical estimates of the value of goods and services to consumers.c. prices based on the assumption that producers make no profits.d. the maximum amount consumers would be willing to pay.ANS: A DIF: 2 REF: 10-2 NAT: AnalyticLOC: The study of economics and definitions in economics TOP: Market value MSC: Interpretive范文范例学习参考5. I n computing GDP, market prices are used to value final goods and servicesbecausea. market prices do not change much over time, so it is easy to make comparisonsbetween years.b. market prices reflect the values of goods and services.c. market prices reflect the quantity sold.d. None of the above is correct; market prices are not used in computing GDP. ANS: B DIF: 2 REF: 10-2 NAT: AnalyticLOC: The study of economics and definitions in economics TOP: Market value MSC: Interpretive6. I f the price of a Blu-Ray Disc player is three times the price of an MP3 player,then a Blue-Ray Disc player contributesa. more than three times as much to GDP as does a MP3 player.b. less than three times as much to GDP as does a MP3 player.c. exactly three times as much to GDP as does a MP3 player.d. None of the above is necessarily correct.ANS: C DIF: 2 REF: 10-2 NAT: AnalyticLOC: The study of economics and definitions in economics TOP: Market value MSC: Applicative7. S uppose that an economy produces 40,000 units of good A which sells at $4 aunit and 20,000 units of good B which sells at $5 per unit. Production of good A contributesa. 2 times as much to GDP as the production of good B.b. 8/5 times as much to GDP as the production of good B.c. 5/4 times as much to GDP as the production of good B.d. 4/5 times as much to GDP as production of good B.ANS: B DIF: 2 REF: 10-2 NAT: AnalyticLOC: The study of economics and definitions in economics TOP: Market value MSC: Applicative8. S uppose that an economy produces 30,000 units of good A which sells at $3 aunit and 60,000 units of good B which sells at $2 per unit. Production of good A contributesa. 1/2 times as much to GDP as the production of good B.b. 3/2 times as much to GDP as the production of good B.c. 3/4 times as much to GDP as the production of good B.d. 4/3 times as much to GDP as production of good B.ANS: C DIF: 2 REF: 10-2 NAT: AnalyticLOC: The study of economics and definitions in economics TOP: Market value MSC: Applicative10 ❖Chapter 23/Measuring a Nation's Income9. W hich of the following is included in GDP?a. the market value of rental housing services, but not the market value ofowner-occupied housing services.b. the market value of owner-occupied housing services, but not the marketvalue of rental housing servicesc. both the market value of rental housing services and the market value ofowner-occupied housing servicesd. neither the market value of owner-occupied housing services nor the marketvalue of rental housing services.ANS: C DIF: 2 REF: 10-2 NAT: AnalyticLOC: The study of economics and definitions in economics TOP: Housing servicesMSC: Definitional10. T he value of the housing services provided by the economy's owner-occupiedhouses isa. included in GDP, and the estimated rental values of the houses are usedto place a value on these housing services.b. included in GDP, and the actual mortgage payments made on the houses areused to estimate the value of these rental services.c. excluded from GDP since these services are not sold in any market.d. excluded from GDP since the value of these housing services cannot beestimated with any degree of precision.ANS: A DIF: 2 REF: 10-2 NAT: AnalyticLOC: The study of economics and definitions in economics TOP: Housing servicesMSC: Definitional11. S uppose an apartment complex converts to a condominium, so that the formerrenters are now owners of their housing units. Suppose further that a current estimate of the value of the condominium owners' housing services is the same as the rent they previously paid. What happens to GDP as a result of this conversion?a. GDP necessarily increases.b. GDP necessarily decreases.c. GDP is unaffected because neither the rent nor the estimate of the valueowner-occupied housing services is included in GDP.d. GDP is unaffected because previously the rent payments were included inGDP and now the rent payments are replaced in GDP by the estimate of the value of owner occupied housing services.ANS: D DIF: 2 REF: 10-2 NAT: AnalyticLOC: The study of economics and definitions in economics TOP: Housing servicesMSC: Applicative12. J ames owns two houses. He rents one house to the Johnson family for $10,000per year. He lives in the other house. If he were to rent the house in which he lives, he could earn $12,000 per year in rent. How much do the housing services provided by the two houses contribute to GDP?a. $0b. $10,000c. $12,000d. $22,000ANS: D DIF: 2 REF: 10-2 NAT: AnalyticLOC: The study of economics and definitions in economics TOP: Housing servicesMSC: Applicative13. R yan lives in an apartment where he pays $7,000 a year in rent. Alexis livesin a house that could be rented for $14,000 a year. How much do these housing services contribute to GDP?a. $21,000b. $14,000c. $7,000d. $0ANS: A DIF: 2 REF: 10-2 NAT: AnalyticLOC: The study of economics and definitions in economics TOP: Housing servicesMSC: Applicative14. M ost goods and services produced at homea. and most goods and services produced illegally are included in GDP.b. are included in GDP while most goods and services produced illegally areexcluded from GDP.c. are excluded from GDP while most goods and services produced illegally areincluded in GDPd. and most goods and services produced illegally are excluded from GDP. ANS: D DIF: 2 REF: 10-2 NAT: AnalyticLOC: The study of economics and definitions in economicsTOP: Household chores | Illegal goods MSC: Definitional15. G DP excludes most items that are produced and sold illegally and most itemsthat are produced and consumed at home becausea. the quality of these items is not high enough to contribute value to GDP.b. measuring them is so difficult.c. the government wants to discourage the production and consumption of theseitems.d. these items are not reported on income tax forms.ANS: B DIF: 2 REF: 10-2 NAT: AnalyticLOC: The study of economics and definitions in economics TOP: Illegal goods MSC: Interpretive16. E stimates of the values of which of the following non-market goods or servicesare included in GDP?a. the value of unpaid houseworkb. the value of services provided by major household appliances purchased ina previous periodc. the estimated rental value of owner-occupied homesd. All of the above are included in GDP.ANS: C DIF: 2 REF: 10-2 NAT: AnalyticLOC: The study of economics and definitions in economicsTOP: Housing services | Household chores MSC: Applicative17. O ver the last few decades, Americans have chosen to cook less at home and eatmore at restaurants. This change in behavior, by itself, hasa. reduced measured GDP.b. not affected measured GDP.c. increased measured GDP by the value of the restaurant meals.d. increased measured GDP by the value added by the restaurant’s preparationand serving of the meals.ANS: D DIF: 2 REF: 10-2 NAT: AnalyticLOC: The study of economics and definitions in economics TOP: Household choresMSC: Applicative18. O ver time, people have come to rely more on market-produced goods and servicesand less on goods and services they produce for themselves. For example, busy people with high incomes, rather than cleaning their own houses, hire people to clean their houses. By itself, this change hasa. caused measured GDP to fall.b. not caused any change in measured GDP.c. caused measured GDP to rise.d. probably changed measured GDP, but in an uncertain direction; the directionof the change depends on the difference in the quality of the cleaning that has resulted.ANS: C DIF: 2 REF: 10-2 NAT: AnalyticLOC: The study of economics and definitions in economics TOP: Household choresMSC: Applicative19. R alph pays someone to mow his lawn, while Mike mows his own lawn. Regardingthese two practices, which of the following statements is correct?a. Only Ralph’s payments are included in GDP.b. Ralph’s payments as well as the estimated value of Mike’s mowi ng servicesare included in GDP.c. Neither Ralph’s payments nor the estimated value of Mike's mowing servicesis included in GDP.d. Ralph’s payments are included in GDP, while the estimated value of Mike’smowing services is included in GDP only if Mike voluntarily provides his estimate of that value to the government.ANS: A DIF: 2 REF: 10-2 NAT: AnalyticLOC: The study of economics and definitions in economics TOP: Household choresMSC: Interpretive20. S usan switches from going to Speedy Lube for an oil change to changing the oilin her car herself. Which of the following is correct? The value of changing the oil isa. included in GDP whether Susan pays Speedy Lube to change it or changes itherself.b. included in GDP if Susan pays Speedy Lube to change it but not if she changesit herself.c. included in GDP if Susan changes it herself, but not if she pays SpeedyLube to change it.d. not included in GDP whether Susan pays Speedy lube to change it or shechanges it herself.ANS: B DIF: 2 REF: 10-2 NAT: AnalyticLOC: The study of economics and definitions in economics TOP: Household choresMSC: Applicative21. R achel babysits for her sister for no pay. When she babysits for someone elseshe charges $8 an hour. When is Rachel’s babysitting included in GDP?a. When she babysits for her sister and when she babysits for someone else.b. When she babysits for her sister, but not when she babysits for someoneelse.c. When she babysits for someone else, but not when she babysits for her sister.d. Neither when she babysits for her sister nor for someone else.ANS: C DIF: 2 REF: 10-2 NAT: AnalyticLOC: The study of economics and definitions in economics TOP: GDPMSC: Interpretive22. W hich of the following is not included in GDP?a. carrots grown in your garden and eaten by your familyb. carrots purchased at a farmer’s market and eaten by your familyc. carrots purchased at a grocery store and eaten by your familyd. None of the above are included in GDP.ANS: A DIF: 2 REF: 10-2 NAT: AnalyticLOC: The study of economics and definitions in economics TOP: Household choresMSC: Applicative23. A professional gambler moves from a state where gambling is illegal to a statewhere gambling is legal. Most of his income was, and continues to be, from gambling. His movea. raises GDP.b. decreases GDP.c. doesn't change GDP because gambling is never included in GDP.d. doesn't change GDP because in either case his income is included.ANS: A DIF: 2 REF: 10-2 NAT: AnalyticLOC: The study of economics and definitions in economics TOP: Illegal goods MSC: Applicative24.If a state made a previously-illegal activity, such as gambling or prostitution,legal, then, other things equal, GDPa. decreases.b. increases.c. doesn't change because both legal and illegal production are included inGDP.d. doesn't change because these activities are never included in GDP. ANS: B DIF: 2 REF: 10-2 NAT: AnalyticLOC: The study of economics and definitions in economics TOP: Illegal goods MSC: Applicative25. W hich of the following is included in GDP?a. medical marijuana purchased from a government-run pharmacy by a glaucomapatientb. recreational marijuana purchased from a drug dealer by a college studentc. recreational marijuana produced and consumed by a man in his atticd. All of the above are included in GDP.ANS: A DIF: 2 REF: 10-2 NAT: AnalyticLOC: The study of economics and definitions in economics TOP: Illegal goods MSC: Applicative26. D arin grows and sells marijuana to Jennifer. Thomas is an organic farmer whosells broccoli to Jennifer. Marijuana is an illegal good and broccoli is a legal good. Assume that if Jennifer marries either, they give her what they。

曼昆《经济学原理(宏观经济学分册)》(第7版)章节题库-第二十三章至第二十七章【圣才出品】

第二部分章节题库第8篇宏观经济学的数据第23章一国收入的衡量一、名词解释1．国民收入答：国民收入即NI，是一国生产要素所有者在一定时期内，因从事生产和提供劳务，按生产要素所得的报酬，是劳动、资本和土地等生产要素所获得的全部收入，NI可由NDP 减去间接税和企业转移支付再加上政府补助金得到。

这里的国民收入，实际上是按要素费用计算的国民净收入。

在西方国家，有时简称为（狭义的）国民收入。

国民收入的核算公式为：NI＝NDP－企业间接税－企业转移支付＋政府补助金2．实际人均GDP答：实际人均GDP指标是指，实际GDP除以人口数量，是每个人的平均实际GDP。

实际人均GDP在某些情况下是一个比较有用的指标，例如，它可以用于比较不同国家的劳动生产率。

然而，它本身并不足以作为政策目标，因为它没有表明一个国家会如何使用这些产量来提高社会生活水平。

二、判断题1．GDP度量一个国家的社会福利水平。

（）【答案】×【解析】GDP一般仅指市场活动导致的价值。

它不能度量一个国家的社会福利水平，GDP作为核算国民经济活动的核心指标也是有局限性的：①它不能反映社会成本。

②它不能反映经济增长方式付出的代价。

③它不能反映人们的生活质量。

④不能反映社会收入和财富分配的状况。

例如，即使两国人均GDP水平相同，但一国贫富差距比另一国大得多，显然，前一国的社会总福利要比后一国低的多。

基于GDP在度量社会福利水平上存在的诸多不足，经济学家们纷纷构建了一些新的指标来衡量社会福利水平，比如经济净福利指标、绿色GDP等。

2．购买100股苹果公司股票是宏观经济学中投资支出的一个例子。

（）【答案】×【解析】宏观经济学中的投资是指一定时期内增加到资本存量中的资本流量，包括房屋建筑、机器制造，以及企业存货的增加等。

购买股票是个人与个人之间重新配置资产时发生的购买，不属于经济学中的投资。

3．如果有人在中国购买了澳大利亚生产的柑桔，那么这个支出就会计入中国GDP中的消费部分，也会计入中国GDP中的进口部分。

宏观经济学第二十三章习题答案

第二十三章西方经济学与中国西方经济学与中国南方医科大学2010级经济学（医药贸易与管理方向）W 洋1.你认为西方经济学是科学吗？为什么？你认为西方经济学是科学吗？为什么？解答：西方经济学的整个理论体系在科学性上存在不少问题。

西方经济学的整个理论体系在科学性上存在不少问题。

第一，西方经济学的理论体系尚未通过实践的检验，因此西方学者目前还只是把西方经济学的理论体系称为“共同认可的理论结构”或“模式”。

第二，西方经济学还缺乏科学应有的内部一致性，在理论体系中同时存在两种或两种以上相互抵触的说法。

上相互抵触的说法。

第三，西方经济学在发展演变中所取得的成果缺乏积累性，新理论往往完全排斥旧学说，新旧学说之间不是相互补充而是相互排斥。

新旧学说之间不是相互补充而是相互排斥。

第四，西方经济学理论体系的假设条件常常是异常苛刻的，往往难以应用于现实生活。

第五，一些西方学者自己也承认，西方经济学不完全是科学。

当然，说西方经济学并不完全是科学，并不是全盘否定它。

2.举出三个西方经济学宣传资本主义的事例。

举出三个西方经济学宣传资本主义的事例。

解答：西方经济学是西方经济学家的一整套关于西方市场经济运行与发展的理论。

西方经济学是西方经济学家的一整套关于西方市场经济运行与发展的理论。

西方西方国家的市场经济制度就是资本主义经济制度，国家的市场经济制度就是资本主义经济制度，因此，因此，西方经济学必然要宣传资本主义，西方经济学必然要宣传资本主义，这样这样的事例可谓数不胜数。

的事例可谓数不胜数。

例如，例如，西方经济学家总说资本主义经济制度是永恒的制度，西方经济学家总说资本主义经济制度是永恒的制度，资本主义资本主义经济是最有效率的，资本主义的经济危机是可以用政策加以消除的等。

经济是最有效率的，资本主义的经济危机是可以用政策加以消除的等。

曼昆经济学原理(宏观分册)第23章课后习题答案(英文版)

Quick Quizzes:1. Gross domestic product measures two things at once: (1) the total income of everyone in theeconomy and (2) the total expenditure on the economy’s output of final goods and services.It can measure both of these things at once because all expenditure in the economy ends up assomeone’s income.2. The production of a pound of caviar contributes more to GDP than the production of a pound ofhamburger because the contribution to GDP is measured by market value and the price of apound of caviar is much higher than the price of a pound of hamburger.3. The four components of expenditure are: (1) consumption; (2) investment; (3) governmentpurchases; and (4) net exports. The largest component is consumption, which accounts formore than 70 percent of total expenditure.4. Real GDP is the production of goods and services valued at constant prices. Nominal GDP isthe production of goods and services valued at current prices. Real GDP is a better measure ofeconomic well-being because changes in real GDP reflect changes in the amount of outputbeing produced. Thus, a rise in real GDP means people have produced more goods andservices, but a rise in nominal GDP could occur either because of increased production orbecause of higher prices.5. Although GDP is not a perfect measure of well-being, policymakers should care about itbecause a larger GDP means that a nation can afford better healthcare, better educationalsystems, and more of the material necessities of life.Questions for Review:1. An economy's income must equal its expenditure, because every transaction has a buyer and aseller. Thus, expenditure by buyers must equal income by sellers.2. The production of a luxury car contributes more to GDP than the production of an economy carbecause the luxury car has a higher market value.3. The contribution to GDP is $3, the market value of the bread, which is the final good that issold.4. The sale of used records does not affect GDP at all because it involves no current production.5. The four components of GDP are consumption, such as the purchase of a DVD; investment,such as the purchase of a computer by a business; government purchases, such as an order formilitary aircraft; and net exports, such as the sale of American wheat to Russia. (Many otherexamples are possible.)6. Economists use real GDP rather than nominal GDP to gauge economic well-being because realGDP is not affected by changes in prices, so it reflects only changes in the amounts beingproduced. You cannot determine if a rise in nominal GDP has been caused by increasedproduction or higher prices.7.405The percentage change in nominal GDP is (600 – 200)/200 x 100% = 200%. The percentagechange in real GDP is (400 – 200)/200 x 100% = 100%. The percentage change in the deflator is (150 – 100)/100 x 100% = 50%.8. It is desirable for a country to have a large GDP because people could enjoy more goods andservices. But GDP is not the only important measure of well-being. For example, laws thatrestrict pollution cause GDP to be lower. If laws against pollution were eliminated, GDP wouldbe higher but the pollution might make us worse off. Or, for example, an earthquake wouldraise GDP, as expenditures on cleanup, repair, and rebuilding increase. But an earthquake is anundesirable event that lowers our welfare.Problems and Applications1. a. Consumption increases because a refrigerator is a good purchased by a household.b. Investment increases because a house is an investment good.c. Consumption increases because a car is a good purchased by a household, but investmentdecreases because the car in Ford’s inventory had been counted as an investment gooduntil it was sold.d. Consumption increases because pizza is a good purchased by a household.e. Government purchases increase because the government spent money to provide a goodto the public.f. Consumption increases because the bottle is a good purchased by a household, but netexports decrease because the bottle was imported.g. Investment increases because new structures and equipment were built.2. With transfer payments, nothing is produced, so there is no contribution to GDP.3. If GDP included goods that are resold, it would be counting output of that particular year, plussales of goods produced in a previous year. It would double-count goods that were sold morethan once and would count goods in GDP for several years if they were produced in one yearand resold in another.4. a. Calculating nominal GDP:2010: ($1 per qt. of milk ⨯ 100 qts. milk) + ($2 per qt. of honey ⨯ 50 qts. honey) = $2002011: ($1 per qt. of milk ⨯ 200 qts. milk) + ($2 per qt. of honey ⨯ 100 qts. honey) = $4002012: ($2 per qt. of milk ⨯ 200 qts. milk) + ($4 per qt. of honey ⨯ 100 qts. honey) = $800Calculating real GDP (base year 2010):2010: ($1 per qt. of milk ⨯ 100 qts. milk) + ($2 per qt. of honey ⨯ 50 qts. honey) = $2002011: ($1 per qt. of milk ⨯ 200 qts. milk) + ($2 per qt. of honey ⨯ 100 qts. honey) = $4002012: ($1 per qt. of milk ⨯ 200 qts. milk) + ($2 per qt. of honey ⨯ 100 qts. honey) = $400 Calculating the GDP deflator:2010: ($200/$200) ⨯ 100 = 1002011: ($400/$400) ⨯ 100 = 1002012: ($800/$400) ⨯ 100 = 200b. Calculating the percentage change in nominal GDP:Percentage change in nominal GDP in 2011 = [($400 – $200)/$200] ⨯ 100% = 100%.Percentage change in nominal GDP in 2012 = [($800 – $400)/$400] ⨯ 100% = 100%.Calculating the percentage change in real GDP:Percentage change in real GDP in 2011 = [($400 – $200)/$200] ⨯ 100% = 100%.Percentage change in real GDP in 2012 = [($400 – $400)/$400] ⨯ 100% = 0%.Calculating the percentage change in GDP deflator:Percentage change in the GDP deflator in 2011 = [(100 – 100)/100] ⨯ 100% = 0%.Percentage change in the GDP deflator in 2012 = [(200 – 100)/100] ⨯ 100% = 100%.Prices did not change from 2010 to 2011. Thus, the percentage change in the GDP deflator is zero. Likewise, output levels did not change from 2011 to 2012. This means that thepercentage change in real GDP is zero.c. Economic well-being rose more in 2010 than in 2011, since real GDP rose in 2011 but not in2012. In 2011, real GDP rose but prices did not. In 2012, real GDP did not rise but prices did.5. a. C alculating Nominal GDP:Year 1: (3 bars ⨯ $4) = $12Year 2: (4 bars ⨯ $5) = $20Year 3: (5 bars ⨯ $6) = $30b. C alculating Real GDP:Year 1: (3 bars ⨯ $4) = $12Year 2: (4 bars ⨯ $4) = $16Year 3: (5 bars ⨯ $4) = $20c. Calculating the GDP delator:Year 1: $12/$12 ⨯ 100 = 100Year 2: $20/$16 ⨯ 100 = 125Year 3: $30/$20 ⨯ 100 = 150d. T he growth rate from Year 2 to Year 3 = (16 – 12)/12 ⨯ 100% = 4/12 ⨯ 100% = 33.3%e. The inflation rate from Year 2 to Year 3 = (150 – 125)/125 ⨯ 100% = 25/125 ⨯ 100% =20%.f. To calculate the growth rate of real GDP, we could simply calculate the percentage changein the quantity of bars. To calculate the inflation rate, we could measure the percentage change in the price of bars.6.a. The growth rate of nominal GDP = 100% ⨯ [($14,256/$9,353)0.10– 1] = 4.3%b. The growth rate of the deflator = 100% ⨯ [(109.886.8)0.10– 1] = 2.4%c. Real GDP in 1999 (in 2005 dollars) is $9,353/(86.8/100) = $10,775.35.d. Real GDP in 2009 (in 2005 dollars) is $14,256/(109.8/100) = $12,983.61.e. The growth rate of real GDP = 100% ⨯ [($12,983.61/$10,775.35)0.10– 1] = 1.9%f. The growth rate of nominal GDP is higher than the growth rate of real GDP because ofinflation.7. Many answers are possible.8. a. GDP is the market value of the final good sold, $180.b. Value added for the farmer: $100.Value added for the miller: $150 – $100 = $50.Value added for the baker: $180 – $150 = $30.c. Together, the value added for the three producers is $100 + $50 + $30 = $180. This is thevalue of GDP.9. In countries like India, people produce and consume a fair amount of food at home that is notincluded in GDP. So GDP per person in India and the United States will differ by more than their comparative economic well-being.10. a. The increased labor-force participation of women has increased GDP in the United States,because it means more people are working and production has increased.b. If our measure of well-being included time spent working in the home and taking leisure, itwould not rise as much as GDP, because the rise in women's labor-force participation has reduced time spent working in the home and taking leisure.c. Other aspects of well-being that are associated with the rise in women's increasedlabor-force participation include increased self-esteem and prestige for women in theworkforce, especially at managerial levels, but decreased quality time spent with children, whose parents have less time to spend with them. Such aspects would be quite difficult to measure.11. a. GDP equals the dollar amount Barry collects, which is $400.b. NNP = GDP – depreciation = $400 – $50 = $350.c. National income = NNP = $350.d. Personal income = national income – retained earnings – indirect business taxes = $350 –$100 – $30 = $220.e. Disposable personal income = personal income – personal income tax = $220 – $70 =$150.。

宏观经济学原理习题

宏观经济学原理ppt 习题第23章一国收入的衡量主动学习 1 GDP 及其组成部分在下面的各种情形下，计算GDP 及它受影响的组成部分的变化量 A. Debbie 在波士顿最好的饭店花了$200请他丈夫吃晚饭B. Sarah 为了出版业务的需要，花$1800买了一台新笔记本。

这台笔记本是在中国制造的C. Jane 为了她编辑业务的需要花了$1200购买一台新电脑，这台电脑是由本地的制造商在去年生产的D. 通用汽车公司生产了价值5亿美元的汽车，但消费者只购买了价值4.7亿美元的汽车主动学习 2A. 计算 2007年的名义GDPB. 计算2008年真实GDPC. 计算2009年的GDP 平减指数第24章生活费用的衡量主动学习 1 计算 CPI CPI 篮子：{10 磅牛肉, 20 磅鸡肉}在2004年CPI 篮子的费用是120 美元，以2004年为基年 A. 计算2005年的CPIB. 2005年到2006年以CPI 计算的通货膨胀率是多少主动学习 2 替代偏向CPI 篮子： {10 磅牛肉, 20 磅鸡肉}2004-5: 家庭购买CPI 篮子2006：家庭买 {5 磅牛肉, 25 磅鸡肉} A. 计算2006年家庭购买篮子的费用 B. 以2005年6月家庭篮子费用来计算增长率，并与CPI 通货膨胀率比较主动学习 3CPI与GDP平减指数在下列情况下，说出对CPI和GDP平减指数的影响A. 星巴克提高了法布奇诺咖啡的价格B. 卡特彼勒提高了它在伊利诺伊州工厂生产的工业拖拉机的价格C. 亚曼尼提高了它在美国销售的意大利牛仔的价格主动学习 4转换为“今天的美元”美国普通的公立四年制学院与大学每年的教育费用：1986-87: $1,414 (1986的CPI = 109.6)2006-07: $5,834 (2006的CPI = 203.8)经过通货膨胀校正，学生在哪一年会支付更多的费用，1986年还是2006年？将1986年的数字转化为2006年的美元进行比较第25章生产与生长主动学习1 问题讨论你认为下述哪种政策能够在长期内最有效地促进不发达国家的经济增长和生活水平的提高?a. 对本地企业提供投资的税收激励b. 给经常去上课的学生发现金c. 打击政府腐败d. 限制进口来保护国内产业e. 允许自由贸易f. 赠送避孕套主动学习 2 生产率概念的复习▪列出生产率的决定因素▪列出可以通过增加生产率的一个决定因素来提高生活水平的三种政策第26章储蓄、投资和金融体系主动学习 1 A. 计算假定GDP等于10万亿美元，消费等于6.5万亿美元，政府支出为2万亿美元，预算赤字3千亿美元。

23章课后习题答案

1.这个观点是错误的。

如果向下倾斜的外汇供给曲线比外汇需求曲线更陡峭，那么外汇市场依然是均衡的。

只有在向下倾斜的外汇供给曲线比外汇需求曲线更平坦的情况下，才会导致外汇市场不稳定。

2.这个观点也是不正确的。

如果外汇需求曲线是向上倾斜的，而外汇供给曲线是正常的向上倾斜，在外汇供给曲线比需求曲线陡峭的情况下，外汇市场同样是不均衡的。

但是这种情况极少出现。

3.根据马歇尔—勒纳条件，只有在进口需求弹性和出口需求弹性之和大于1的情况下，贬值才能改善经常项目收支。

在本题中，进口需求弹性等于{(790 - 810)/[(790 + 810)/2]}/0.10 = - 0.25，而出口需求弹性等于{(1,025 - 975)/[(1,025 + 975)/2]}/(-0.10) = - 0.50。

两者之和是0.75，小于1。

因此A国货币贬值后，其经常账户收支是恶化的。

4.这种现象可以通过J曲线效应加以解释。

如果贸易商品的短期供需曲线是缺乏弹性的（即向后弯曲的供给曲线和非常陡峭的需求曲线，不能满足马歇尔-勒纳条件），因此短期的外汇市场是不稳定的，汇率的上升（美元的贬值）反而导致美国贸易收支的恶化。

当然，当时美国的收入增长和日本的经济衰退更加强了这种效应。

5.通常，消费者的短期反应和长期反应是不同的，即短期弹性小于长期弹性。

如果所有的消费者都存在反应时滞，那么将会导致J曲线现象的产生。

在出现J曲线现象的情况下，本币的贬值导致短期经常项目的恶化，但是随着时间的流逝，经常项目收支会好转起来。

6.一个国家如果人为地压低本国币值，那么将减少对国外商品的需求，同时刺激对外国对本国商品的购买需求，这样将促进出口，而抑制进口。

然而，要真正通过这种办法来实现盈余的增加，则必须满足马歇尔—勒纳条件。

7. (a)美元/英镑的汇率为$40/£20 或$2/£1。

假定交易成本为一盎司黄金1美元，那么黄金的输出点为$41/£20 = $2.05/£，而黄金的输入点为$39/£20 = $1.95/£。

曼昆宏观经济学 23章英文答案

405WHAT’S NEW IN THE SIXTH EDITION:There is a new In the News box on ―Beyond Gross Domestic Product.‖LEARNING OBJECTIVES:By the end of this chapter, students should understand:why an economy’s total income equ als its total expenditure.how gross domestic product (GDP) is defined and calculated.the breakdown of GDP into its four major components.the distinction between real GDP and nominal GDP.whether GDP is a good measure of economic well-being.CONTEXT AND PURPOSE:Chapter 10 is the first chapter in the macroeconomic section of the text. It is the first of a two-chapter sequence that introduces students to two vital statistics that economists use to monitor themacroeconomy —GDP and the consumer price index. Chapter 10 develops how economists measure production and income in the macroeconomy. The following chapter, Chapter 11, develops howeconomists measure the level of prices in the macroeconomy. Taken together, Chapter 10 concentrates on the quantity of output in the macroeconomy while Chapter 11 concentrates on the price of output in the macroeconomy.The purpose of this chapter is to provide students with an understanding of the measurement and the use of gross domestic product (GDP). GDP is the single most important measure of the health of the macroeconomy. Indeed, it is the most widely reported statistic in every developed economy.MEASURING A NATION’SINCOME406 ❖Chapter 23/Measuring a Nation’s IncomeKEY POINTS:∙ Because every transaction has a buyer and a seller, the total expenditure in the economy must equal the total income in the economy.∙ Gross domestic product (GDP) measures an economy’s total expenditure on newly produced goods and services and the total income earned from the production of these goods and services. More precisely, GDP is the market value of all final goods and services produced within a country in a given period of time.∙ GDP is divided among four components of expenditure: consumption, investment, government purchases, and net exports. Consumption includes spending on goods and services by households, with the exception of purchases of new housing. Investment includes spending on new equipment and structures, including households’ pur chases of new housing. Government purchases include spending on goods and services by local, state, and federal governments. Net exports equal the value of goods and services produced domestically and sold abroad (exports) minus the value of goods and services produced abroad and sold domestically (imports).∙ Nominal GDP uses current prices to value the economy’s production of goods and services. Real GDP uses constant base-year prices to value the economy’s production of goods and services. The GDP defla tor―calculated from the ratio of nominal to real GDP―measures the level of prices in theeconomy.∙ GDP is a good measure of economic well-being because people prefer higher incomes to lower incomes. But it is not a perfect measure of well-being. For example, GDP excludes the value ofleisure and the value of a clean environment.CHAPTER OUTLINE:I. Review of the Definitions of Microeconomics and MacroeconomicsA. Definition of microeconomics: the study of how households and firms make decisionsand how they interact in markets.B. Definition of macroeconomics: the study of economy-wide phenomena includinginflation, unemployment, and economic growth.II. The Economy’s Income and ExpenditureA. To judge whether or not an economy is doing well, it is useful to look at Gross Domestic Product(GDP).Chapter 23/Measuring a Natio n’s Income ❖ 4071. GDP measures the total income of everyone in the economy.2. GDP measures total expenditure on an economy’s output of goods and services.B. For an economy as a whole, total income must equal total expenditure.1. If someone pays someone else $100 to mow a lawn, the expenditure on the lawn service($100) is exactly equal to the income earned from the production of the lawn service ($100).2. We can also use the circular-flow diagram from Chapter 2 to show why total income and totalexpenditure must be equal.a. Households buy goods and services from firms; firms use this money to pay for resourcespurchased from households.b. In the simple economy described by this circular-flow diagram, calculating GDP could bedone by adding up the total purchases of households or summing total income earned by households.408 ❖ Chapter 23/Measuring a Nation’s Incomec. Note that this simple diagram is somewhat unrealistic as it omits saving, taxes,government purchases, and investment purchases by firms. However, because atransaction always has a buyer and a seller, total expenditure in the economy must be equal to total income.III. The Measurement of Gross Domestic ProductA. Definition of gross domestic product (GDP): the market value of all final goods andservices produced within a country in a given period of time .B. ―GDP Is the Market Value . . .‖ 1. To add together different items, market values are used. 2. Market values are calculated by using market prices.C. ―. . . Of All . . .‖1. GDP includes all items produced and sold legally in the economy.2. The value of housing services is somewhat difficult to measure.a. If housing is rented, the value of the rent is used to measure the value of the housingservices. b. For housing that is owned (or mortgaged), the government estimates the rental valueand uses this figure to value the housing services. 3. GDP does not include illegal goods or services or items that are not sold in markets. a. When you hire someone to mow your lawn, that production is included in GDP.b. If you mow your own lawn, that production is not included in GDP.D. ―. . . Final . . .‖ 2. The value of intermediate goods is already included as part of the value of the final good.Chapter 23/Measuring a Natio n’s Income❖4093. Goods that are placed into inventory are considered to be ―final‖ and included in GDP as afirm’s inventory investment.a. Goods that are sold out of inventory are counted as a decrease in inventory investment.b. The goal is to count the production when the good is finished, which is not necessarilythe same time that the product is sold.E. ―. . . Goods and Services . . .‖1. GDP includes both tangible goods and intangible services.F. ―. . . Produced . . .‖1. Only current production is counted.2. Used goods that are sold do not count as part of GDP.G. ―. . . Within a Country . . .‖1. GDP measures the production that takes place within the geographical boundaries of aparticular country.2. If a Canadian citizen works temporarily in the United States, the value of his output isincluded in GDP for the United States. If an American owns a factory in Haiti, the value of the production of that factory is not included in U.S. GDP.H. ―. . . in a Given Period of Time.‖1. The usual interval of time used to measure GDP is a quarter (three months).2. When the government reports GDP, the data are generally reported on an annual basis.3. In addition, data are generally adjusted for regular seasonal changes (such as Christmas).I. In addition to summing expenditure, the government also calculates GDP by adding up totalincome in the economy.1. The two ways of calculating GDP almost exactly give the same answer.2. The difference between the two calculations of GDP is called the statistical discrepancy.410 ❖ Chapter 23/Measuring a Nation’s IncomeJ. FYI: Other Measures of IncomeA. Gross National Product (GNP) is the total income earned by a nation’s permanent residents.1. GNP includes income that American citizens earn abroad.2. GNP excludes income that foreigners earn in the United States.B. Net National Product (NNP) is the total income of a nation’s residents (GNP) minus losses fromdepreciation (wear and tear on an economy’s stock of equipment and structures).C. Nati onal income is the total income earned by a nation’s residents in the production of goods andservices.1. National income differs from NNP by excluding indirect business taxes and including businesssubsidies.2. NNP and national income also differ due to ―statistical discrepancy.‖ D. Personal income is the income that households and noncorporate businesses receive.E. Disposable personal income is the income that households and noncorporate businesses have leftafter taxes and other obligations to the government.IV. The Components of GDPA. GDP (Y ) can be divided into four components: consumption (C ), investment (I ), governmentpurchases (G ), and net exports (NX ).B. Definition of consumption: spending by households on goods and services, with theexception of purchases of new housing . C. Definition of investment: spending on capital equipment, inventories, and structures,including household purchases of new housing .1. GDP accounting uses the word ―investment‖ differently from how w e use the term ineveryday conversation.2. When a student hears the word ―investment,‖ he or she thinks of financial instruments suchas stocks and bonds.Chapter 23/Measuring a Natio n’s Income ❖ 4113. In GDP accounting, investment means purchases of investment goods such as capitalequipment, inventories, or structures.D. Definition of government purchases: spending on goods and services by local, state,and federal governments .1. Salaries of government workers are counted as part of the government purchases componentof GDP. 2. Transfer payments are not included as part of the government purchases component of GDP.E. Definition of net exports: spending on domestically produced goods by foreigners(exports) minus spending on foreign goods by domestic residents (imports).F. Case Study: The Components of U.S. GDP1. Table 1 shows these four components of GDP for 2009.2. The data for GDP come from the Bureau of Economic Analysis, which is part of theDepartment of Commerce. V. Real Versus Nominal GDPA. There are two possible reasons for total spending to rise from one year to the next.1. The economy may be producing a larger output of goods and services.2. Goods and services could be selling at higher prices.B. When studying GDP over time, economists would like to know if output has changed (not prices).C. Thus, economists measure real GDP by valuing output using a fixed set of prices.D. A Numerical Example412 ❖ Chapter 23/Measuring a Nation’s Income1. Two goods are being produced: hot dogs and hamburgers.2. Definition of nominal GDP: the production of goods and services valued at currentprices .Nominal GDP for 2010 = ($1 × 100) + ($2 × 50) = $200. Nominal GDP for 2011 = ($2 × 150) + ($3 × 100) = $600. Nominal GDP for 2012 = ($3 × 200) + ($4 × 150) = $1,200.3. Definition of real GDP: the production of goods and services valued at constantprices .Let’s assume that the base year is 2008.Real GDP for 2010 = ($1 × 100) + ($2 × 50) = $200. Real GDP for 2011 = ($1 × 150) + ($2 × 100) = $350. Real GDP for 2012 = ($1 × 200) + ($2 × 150) = $500. E. Because real GDP is unaffected by changes in prices over time, changes in real GDP reflectchanges in the amount of goods and services produced.Chapter 23/Measuring a Natio n’s Income ❖ 413F. The GDP Deflator1. Definition of GDP deflator: a measure of the price level calculated as the ratio ofnominal GDP to real GDP times 100.2. Example CalculationsGDP Deflator for 2010 = ($200 / $200) × 100 = 100. GDP Deflator for 2011 = ($600 / $350) × 100 = 171. GDP Deflator for 2012 = ($1200 / $500) × 100 = 240.G. Case Study: Real GDP over Recent History1. Figure 2 shows quarterly data on real GDP for the United States since 1965.2. We can see that real GDP has increased over time.414 ❖ Chapter 23/Measuring a Nation’s Income3. We can also see that there are times when real GDP declines. These periods are calledrecessions. VI. Is GDP a Good Measure of Economic Well-Being?A. GDP measures both an economy’s total income and its total expenditure on goods and services.B. GDP per person tells us the income and expenditure level of the average person in the economy.C. GDP, however, may not be a very good measure of the economic well-being of an individual.1. GDP omits important factors in the quality of life including leisure, the quality of theenvironment, and the value of goods produced but not sold in formal markets.2. GDP also says nothing about the distribution of income.3. However, a higher GDP does help us achieve a good life. Nations with larger GDP generallyhave better education and better health care.D. In the News: The Underground Economy1. The measurement of GDP misses many transactions that take place in the undergroundeconomy.2. This article compares the underground economies of the United States and several othercountries.E. Case Study: International Differences in GDP and the Quality of Life1. Table 3 shows real GDP per person, life expectancy, adult literacy rates, and Internet usagefor 12 countries.2. In rich countries, life expectancy is higher and adult literacy and Internet usage rates arealso high. 3. In poor countries, people typically live only into their 50s, only about half of the adultpopulation is literate, and Internet usage is very rare.F. In the News: Beyond Gross Domestic Product1. Some economists wonder if we need a better measure of economic well-being.2. This is an article from The New York Times describing some criticisms of using GDP solely tomeasure economic well-being.SOLUTIONS TO TEXT PROBLEMS:Quick Quizzes:1. Gross domestic product measures two things at once: (1) the total income of everyone inthe economy and (2) the total exp enditure on the economy’s output of final goods andservices. It can measure both of these things at once because all expenditure in theeconomy ends up as someone’s income.2. The production of a pound of caviar contributes more to GDP than the production of a poundof hamburger because the contribution to GDP is measured by market value and the price ofa pound of caviar is much higher than the price of a pound of hamburger.3. The four components of expenditure are: (1) consumption; (2) investment; (3) governmentpurchases; and (4) net exports. The largest component is consumption, which accounts formore than 70 percent of total expenditure.4. Real GDP is the production of goods and services valued at constant prices. Nominal GDP isthe production of goods and services valued at current prices. Real GDP is a better measureof economic well-being because changes in real GDP reflect changes in the amount of outputbeing produced. Thus, a rise in real GDP means people have produced more goods andservices, but a rise in nominal GDP could occur either because of increased production orbecause of higher prices.5. Although GDP is not a perfect measure of well-being, policymakers should care about itbecause a larger GDP means that a nation can afford better healthcare, better educationalsystems, and more of the material necessities of life.Questions for Review:1. An economy's income must equal its expenditure, because every transaction has a buyer anda seller. Thus, expenditure by buyers must equal income by sellers.2. The production of a luxury car contributes more to GDP than the production of an economycar because the luxury car has a higher market value.3. The contribution to GDP is $3, the market value of the bread, which is the final good that issold.4. The sale of used records does not affect GDP at all because it involves no current production.5. The four components of GDP are consumption, such as the purchase of a DVD; investment,such as the purchase of a computer by a business; government purchases, such as an orderfor military aircraft; and net exports, such as the sale of American wheat to Russia. (Manyother examples are possible.)6. Economists use real GDP rather than nominal GDP to gauge economic well-being becausereal GDP is not affected by changes in prices, so it reflects only changes in the amountsbeing produced. You cannot determine if a rise in nominal GDP has been caused byincreased production or higher prices.7.The percentage change in nominal GDP is (600 – 200)/200 x 100% = 200%. The percentagechange in real GDP is (400 – 200)/200 x 100% = 100%. The percentage change in the deflator is (150 – 100)/100 x 100% = 50%.8. It is desirable for a country to have a large GDP because people could enjoy more goods andservices. But GDP is not the only important measure of well-being. For example, laws thatrestrict pollution cause GDP to be lower. If laws against pollution were eliminated, GDP wouldbe higher but the pollution might make us worse off. Or, for example, an earthquake wouldraise GDP, as expenditures on cleanup, repair, and rebuilding increase. But an earthquake isan undesirable event that lowers our welfare.Problems and Applications1. a. Consumption increases because a refrigerator is a good purchased by a household.b. Investment increases because a house is an investment good.c. Consumption increases because a car is a good purchased by a household, butinvestment decreases because the car in Ford’s inventory had been counted as aninvestment good until it was sold.d. Consumption increases because pizza is a good purchased by a household.e. Government purchases increase because the government spent money to provide a goodto the public.f. Consumption increases because the bottle is a good purchased by a household, but netexports decrease because the bottle was imported.g. Investment increases because new structures and equipment were built.2. With transfer payments, nothing is produced, so there is no contribution to GDP.3. If GDP included goods that are resold, it would be counting output of that particular year,plus sales of goods produced in a previous year. It would double-count goods that were soldmore than once and would count goods in GDP for several years if they were produced inone year and resold in another.4. a. Calculating nominal GDP:2010: ($1 per qt. of milk ⨯ 100 qts. milk) + ($2 per qt. of honey ⨯ 50 qts. honey) = $2002011: ($1 per qt. of milk ⨯ 200 qts. milk) + ($2 per qt. of honey ⨯ 100 qts. honey) =$4002012: ($2 per qt. of milk ⨯ 200 qts. milk) + ($4 per qt. of honey ⨯ 100 qts. honey) =$800Calculating real GDP (base year 2010):2010: ($1 per qt. of milk ⨯ 100 qts. milk) + ($2 per qt. of honey ⨯ 50 qts. honey) = $2002011: ($1 per qt. of milk ⨯ 200 qts. milk) + ($2 per qt. of honey ⨯ 100 qts. honey) =$4002012: ($1 per qt. of milk ⨯ 200 qts. milk) + ($2 per qt. of honey ⨯ 100 qts. honey) =$400Calculating the GDP deflator:2010: ($200/$200) ⨯ 100 = 1002011: ($400/$400) ⨯ 100 = 1002012: ($800/$400) ⨯ 100 = 200b. Calculating the percentage change in nominal GDP:Percentage change in nominal GDP in 2011 = [($400 – $200)/$200] ⨯ 100% = 100%.Percentage change in nominal GDP in 2012 = [($800 – $400)/$400] ⨯ 100% = 100%.Calculating the percentage change in real GDP:Percentage change in real GDP in 2011 = [($400 – $200)/$200] ⨯ 100% = 100%.Percentage change in real GDP in 2012 = [($400 – $400)/$400] ⨯ 100% = 0%.Calculating the percentage change in GDP deflator:Percentage change in the GDP deflator in 2011 = [(100 – 100)/100] ⨯ 100% = 0%.Percentage change in the GDP deflator in 2012 = [(200 – 100)/100] ⨯ 100% = 100%.Prices did not change from 2010 to 2011. Thus, the percentage change in the GDPdeflator is zero. Likewise, output levels did not change from 2011 to 2012. This meansthat the percentage change in real GDP is zero.c. Economic well-being rose more in 2010 than in 2011, since real GDP rose in 2011 but notin 2012. In 2011, real GDP rose but prices did not. In 2012, real GDP did not rise butprices did.5. a. Calculating Nominal GDP:Year 1: (3 bars ⨯ $4) = $12Year 2: (4 bars ⨯ $5) = $20Year 3: (5 bars ⨯ $6) = $30b. Calculating Real GDP:Year 1: (3 bars ⨯ $4) = $12Year 2: (4 bars ⨯ $4) = $16Year 3: (5 bars ⨯ $4) = $20c. Calculating the GDP delator:Year 1: $12/$12 ⨯ 100 = 100Year 2: $20/$16 ⨯ 100 = 125Year 3: $30/$20 ⨯ 100 = 150d. The growth rate from Year 2 to Year 3 = (16 – 12)/12 ⨯ 100% = 4/12 ⨯ 100% = 33.3%e. The inflation rate from Year 2 to Year 3 = (150 – 125)/125 ⨯ 100% = 25/125 ⨯ 100% =20%.f. To calculate the growth rate of real GDP, we could simply calculate the percentagechange in the quantity of bars. To calculate the inflation rate, we could measure thepercentage change in the price of bars.6.a. The growth rate of nominal GDP = 100% ⨯ [($14,256/$9,353)0.10– 1] = 4.3%b. The growth rate of the deflator = 100% ⨯ [(109.886.8)0.10– 1] = 2.4%c. Real GDP in 1999 (in 2005 dollars) is $9,353/(86.8/100) = $10,775.35.d. Real GDP in 2009 (in 2005 dollars) is $14,256/(109.8/100) = $12,983.61.e. The growth rate of real GDP = 100% ⨯ [($12,983.61/$10,775.35)0.10– 1] = 1.9%f. The growth rate of nominal GDP is higher than the growth rate of real GDP because ofinflation.7. Many answers are possible.8. a. GDP is the market value of the final good sold, $180.b. Value added for the farmer: $100.Value added for the miller: $150 – $100 = $50.Value added for the baker: $180 – $150 = $30.c. Together, the value added for the three producers is $100 + $50 + $30 = $180. This isthe value of GDP.9. In countries like India, people produce and consume a fair amount of food at home that isnot included in GDP. So GDP per person in India and the United States will differ by more than their comparative economic well-being.10. a. The increased labor-force participation of women has increased GDP in the United States,because it means more people are working and production has increased.b. If our measure of well-being included time spent working in the home and taking leisure,it would not rise as much as GDP, because the rise in women's labor-force participationhas reduced time spent working in the home and taking leisure.c. Other aspects of well-being that are associated with the rise in women's increased labor-force participation include increased self-esteem and prestige for women in theworkforce, especially at managerial levels, but decreased quality time spent with children, whose parents have less time to spend with them. Such aspects would be quite difficultto measure.11. a. GDP equals the dollar amount Barry collects, which is $400.b. NNP = GDP – depreciation = $400 – $50 = $350.c. National income = NNP = $350.d. Personal income = national income – retained earnings – indirect business taxes = $350– $100 – $30 = $220.e. Disposable personal income = personal income – personal income tax = $220 – $70 =$150.。

宏观经济学23-26章课后练习答案

第八篇宏观经济学的数据第二十三章一国收入的衡量复习题1．解释为什么一个经济的收入必定等于其支出?答：对一个整体经济而言，收入必定等于支出。

因为每一次交易都有两方：买者和卖者。

一个买者的1美元支出是另一个卖者的1美元收入。

因此，交易对经济的收入和支出作出了相同的贡献。

由于GDP既衡量总收入又衡量总支出，因而无论作为总收入来衡量还是作为总支出来衡量，GDP都相等。

2．生产一辆经济型轿车或生产一辆豪华型轿车，哪一个对GDP 的贡献更大?为什么?答：生产一辆豪华型轿车对GDP的贡献大。

因为GDP是在某一既定时期一个国家内生产的所有最终物品与劳务的市场价值。

由于市场价格衡量人们愿意为各种不同物品支付的量，所以市场价格反映了这些物品的市场价值。

由于一辆豪华型轿车的市场价格高于一辆经济型轿车的市场价格，所以一辆豪华型轿车的市场价值高于一辆经济型轿车的市场价值，因而生产一辆豪华型轿车对GDP的贡献更大。

3．农民以2美元的价格把小麦卖给面包师。

面包师用小麦制成面包，面包以3美元的价格出售。

这些交易对GDP的贡献是多少呢?答：对GDP的贡献是3美元。

GDP只包括最终物品的价值，因为中间物品的价值已经包括在最终物品的价格中了。

4．许多年以前佩吉为了收集唱片而花了500美元。

今天她在旧货销售时把她收集的物品卖了100美元。

这种销售如何影响现期GDP?答：现期GDP只包括现期生产的物品与劳务，不包括涉及过去生产的东西的交易。

因而这种销售不影响现期GDP。

5．列出GDP的四个组成部分。

各举一个例子。

答：GDP等于消费(C)+投资(I)+政府购买(G)+净出口(NX)消费是家庭用于物品与劳务的支出，如汤姆一家人在麦当劳吃午餐。

投资是资本设备、存货、新住房和建筑物的购买，如通用汽车公司建立一个汽车厂。

政府购买包括地方政府、州政府和联邦政府用于物品与劳务的支出，如海军购买了一艘潜艇。

净出口等于外国人购买国内生产的物品(出口)减国内购买的外国物品(进口)。

宏观经济学第23章作业

一、判断正误题1.对整个经济来说，收入等于支出，由于卖者的收入必然等于买者的支出。

2.一个苹果的生产对 GDP的贡献大于一只金戒指的生产，由于食品自己是生活的必要品。

3.假如木场把 1000 美元木材销售给木工，木工用这些木材盖了一座以 5 000 美元销售的房屋，则对 GDP的贡献是 6000 美元。

4.一个人均 GDP高的国家往常生活水平或生活质量都高于人均 GDP低的国家。

5.假如 2010 年的名义 GDP大于 2009 年的名义 GDP，真切产量必然增添了。

6.假如美国的 GDP大于美国的 GNP，那么外国人在美国的生产大于美国居民在世界其余国家的生产。

7.薪资是转移支付的一个例子，由于是从公司到工人的转移支付。

8.在美国，投资是 GDP中最大的构成部分。

9.名义 GDP用现期价钱去评论产量，而真切 GDP用不变的基年价钱去评论产量（物件与劳务的生产）。

10. 在 2009 年生产但在 2010 年第一次销售的一辆新汽车，应当计人 2010 年的GDP，由于当它第一次销售时才作为一种最后物件。

11.当芝加哥市购置了一座新教课楼时， GDP的投资构成部分增添了。

12.当真切 GDP减少时便出现了衰败。

13.折旧是经济中设施和建筑物磨损的价值。

14.只管香烟的税收是 1 美元，但香烟在 GDP中应当按每包美元的价钱评论，由于买者为每包香烟支付了美元。

15.公民生产净值老是大于一国的总收入，由于有折旧和税收。

二、单项选择题1.转移支付的例子是a.薪资。

b. 收益。

c.租金。

d.政府购置。

e. 失业补贴。

2.在制造物件和劳务的过程中，工厂和设施磨损的价值用以下哪一项来衡堕？a. 花费。

b. 折旧。

c. 公民生产净值。

d. 投资。

e. 中间物件。

3.以下哪一项的销售不包含在 2009 年的 GDP中？年在田纳西州生产的本田车。

/e.公民生产净值、公民生产总值和个人可支配收入。

5.美国的国内生产总值（与公民生产总值对比）权衡以下哪一项的生产和收入？a.美国人及其工厂的生产和收入，不论它们在世界上什么地方。

宏观经济学学习笔记(曼昆经济学原理)23章节

《经济学原理_宏观经济学》第23章一国收入的衡量一、重要名词解释国内生产总值GDP ：在某一既定时期一个国家内生产的所有最终物品与服务的市场价值。

消费：家庭除购买新住房之外用于物品与服务的支出。

投资：用于资本设备、存货和建筑物的支出，包括家庭用于购买新住房的支出。

（投资可以分为：重置投资、自发投资、引致投资。

重置投资指用于补偿在生产过程中损耗掉的资本设备的投资，亦即折旧。

自发投资与“引致投资”相对而言，又称“自主投资”，指不受国民收入水平或消费水平等经济情况影响和限制的投资。

引致投资与“自发投资”相对而言，是由经济中的内生变量引起的投资，即为适应某些现有产品或整个经济的开支的实际增加或预期增加而发生的投资。

）政府购买：地方、州和联邦政府用于物品与服务的支出。

净出口：外国人对国内生产的物品的支出（出口）减国内居民对外国物品的支出（进口）。

名义GDP ：按现期价格评价的物品与服务的生产。

真实GDP ：按不变价格评价的物品与服务的生产。

GDP 平减指数：用名义GDP 与真实GDP 的比率乘以100计算的物价水平衡量指标，即：100GDP GDP GDP=⨯名义平减指数真实二、重要摘抄1.GDP 同时衡量两件事：经济中所有人的总收入和用于经济中物品与服务产出的总支出。

由于这两件事实际上是相同的，所以CDP 既衡量总收入又衡量总支出。

对一个整体经济而言，收入必定等于支出。

因为交易对经济的收入和支岀做出了相同的贡献。

GDP 衡量货币的流量。

我们可以用两种方法中的一种来计算这个经济的GDP ：加总家庭的总支出或加总企业支付的总收入（工资、租金和利润）。

2.关于GDP 计算的若干注意事项：(1).在GDP 的计算中，价值使用商品价格来量化；(2).政府通过估算租金价值而把自有房产的价值包括在GDP 中，相当于假设所有者将房屋租给自己；(3).GDP 不包括非法生产与销售的东西，如毒品；(4).GDP 不包括在家庭内生产和消费，没有进入市场的物品；(5).GDP 只包括最终物品的价值，这是因为中间物品的价值已经包括在最终物品的价格中了；如果中间物品没有被使用，而是被储存了，就将存货加到GDP 上，而当存货中的物品以后被使用或出售时，存货的减少再从GDP 中扣除；(6).GDP 包括有形的物品与无形的服务，比如演唱会票价，也是GDP 的一部分；(7).GDP 包括现期生产的物品与服务，它不包括涉及过去生产的东西的交易，因此二手车的交易不包括在GDP 内；(8).如果物品是在一国国内生产的，无论生产者的国籍如何，都包括在该国的GDP 之中。

曼昆《经济学原理(宏观经济学分册)》(第6版)笔记和课后习题详解(第23章一国收入的衡量)

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第8篇宏观经济学的数据第23章一国收入的衡量23.1 复习笔记1．经济的收入与支出在一国的宏观经济中，收入必定等于支出。

这是因为，在每一次交易中，卖者的收入必定等于买者的支出。

国内生产总值（GDP）衡量经济中的总收入或总产量。

由于收入等于支出，可以把经济中赚到的收入（工资、租金和利润）加总起来衡量，也可以用经济中生产的物品和劳务的支出衡量，也就是说，收入等于支出等于GDP。

2．国内生产总值的衡量国内生产总值（GDP）指在某一既定时期一个国家内生产的所有最终物品与劳务的市场价值。

（1）GDP是一个市场价值的概念。

各种最终产品的价值都是用货币加以衡量的。

产品市场价值就是用这些最终产品的单位价格乘以产量获得的。

（2）GDP测度的是最终产品的价值，中间产品价值不计入GDP，否则会造成重复计算。

（3）GDP是指一定时期内（往往为一年）所生产而不是所卖掉的最终产品价值。

（4）GDP是计算期内（如2013年）生产的最终产品价值，因而是流量而不是存量。

流量是一定时期内发生的变量，存量是一定时点上存在的变量。

（5）GDP是一国范围内生产的最终产品的市场价值，从而是一个地域概念，而与此相联系的国民生产总值（GNP）则是一个国民概念，乃指某国国民所拥有的全部生产要素所生产的最终产品的市场价值。

两者的关系是：GNP＝GDP＋［本国生产要素在其他国家获得的收入（投资利润、劳务收入）－外国居民从本国获得的收入］。

北大出版社_曼昆_宏观经济学_第六版_全英试题库_有答案解析_23章

Chapter 23 Measuring a Nation's IncomeMULTIPLE CHOICE1、Macroeconomists studya、 the decisions of individual households and firms、b、 the interaction between households and firms、c、 economy-wide phenomena、d、 regulations imposed on firms and unions、ANS: C DIF: 1 REF: 10-0 NAT: AnalyticLOC: The study of economics and definitions in economics TOP: Macroeconomics MSC: Definitional2、Which of the following newspaper headlines is more closely related to what mi-croeconomists study than to what macroeconomists study?a、 Unemployment rate rises from 5 percent to 5、5 percent、b、 Real GDP grows by 3、1 percent in the third quarter、c、 Retail sales at stores show large gains、d、 The price of oranges rises after an early frost、ANS: D DIF: 2 REF: 10-0 NAT: AnalyticLOC: The study of economics and definitions in economics TOP: Macroeconomics MSC: Interpretive3、Which of the following questions is more likely to be studied by a microeconomistthan a macroeconomist?a、 Why do prices in general rise by more in some countries than in others?b、 Why do wages differ across industries?c、 Why do national production and income increase in some periods and not in others?d、 How rapidly is GDP currently increasing?ANS: B DIF: 2 REF: 10-0 NAT: AnalyticLOC: The study of economics and definitions in economics TOP: Macroeconomics MSC: Interpretive4、Which of the following topics are more likely to be studied by a macroeconomist thanby a microeconomist?a、 the effect of taxes on the prices of airline tickets, and the profitability ofautomobile-manufacturing firmsb、 the price of beef, and wage differences between gendersc、 how consumers maximize utility, and how prices are established in markets foragricultural productsd、 the percentage of the labor force that is out of work, and differences in averageincome from country to countryANS: D DIF: 2 REF: 10-0 NAT: AnalyticLOC: The study of economics and definitions in economics TOP: Macroeconomics MSC: Interpretive5、We would expect a macroeconomist, as opposed to a microeconomist, to be particularlyinterested ina、 explaining how economic changes affect prices of particular goods、b、 devising policies to deal with market failures such as externalities and marketpower、c、 devising policies to promote low inflation、d、 identifying those markets that are competitive and those that are not competitive、ANS: C DIF: 2 REF: 10-0 NAT: AnalyticLOC: The study of economics and definitions in economics TOP: Macroeconomics MSC: Interpretive6、Which of the following is not a question that macroeconomists address?a、 Why is average income high in some countries while it is low in others?b、 Why does the price of oil rise when war erupts in the Middle East?c、 Why do production and employment expand in some years and contract in others?d、 Why do prices rise rapidly in some periods of time while they are more stable inother periods?ANS: B DIF: 2 REF: 10-0 NAT: AnalyticLOC: The study of economics and definitions in economics TOP: Macroeconomics MSC: Interpretive7、The basic tools of supply and demand area、 useful only in the analysis of economic behavior in individual markets、b、 useful in analyzing the overall economy, but not in analyzing individual markets、c、 central to microeconomic analysis, but seldom used in macroeconomic analysis、d、 central to macroeconomic analysis as well as to microeconomic analysis、ANS: D DIF: 1 REF: 10-0 NAT: AnalyticLOC: The study of economics and definitions in economics TOP: Supply and demandMSC: Definitional8、Which of the following statistics is usually regarded as the best single measureof a society’s economic well-being?a、 the unemployment rateb、 the inflation ratec、 gross domestic productd、 the trade deficitANS: C DIF: 1 REF: 10-0 NAT: AnalyticLOC: The study of economics and definitions in economics TOP: GDPMSC: Definitional9、GDPa、 is used to monitor the performance of the overall economy but is not the singlebest measure of a society’s economic well-being、b、 is used to monitor the performance of the overall economy and is the single bestmeasure of a society’s economic well-being、c、 is not used to monitor the performance of the overall economy but is the singlebest measure of a society’s economic well-being、d、 is not used to monitor the performance of the overall economy and is not the singlebest measure of a society’s economic well-being、ANS: B DIF: 1 REF: 10-0 NAT: AnalyticLOC: The study of economics and definitions in economics TOP: GDPMSC: DefinitionalTHE ECONOMY'S INCOME AND EXPENDITURE1、Gross domestic product measuresa、 income and expenditures、b、 income but not expenditures、c、 expenditures but not income、d、 neither income nor expenditures、ANS: A DIF: 2 REF: 10-1 NAT: AnalyticLOC: The study of economics and definitions in economics TOP: GDPMSC: Interpretive2、Expenditures on a nation’s domestic productiona、 are less than its domestic production、b、 are equal to its domestic production、c、 are greater than its domestic production、d、 could be less than, equal to, or greater than its domestic production、ANS: B DIF: 1 REF: 10-1 NAT: AnalyticLOC: The study of economics and definitions in economics TOP: GDPMSC: Definitional3、Income generated by a nation’s domestic productiona、 is less than its domestic production、b、 is equal to its domestic production、c、 is greater than its domestic production、d、 could be less than, equal to, or greater than its domestic production、ANS: B DIF: 1 REF: 10-1 NAT: AnalyticLOC: The study of economics and definitions in economics TOP: GDPMSC: Definitional4、For an economy as a whole,a、 wages must equal profit、b、 consumption must equal saving、c、 income must equal expenditure、d、 the number of buyers must equal the number of sellers、ANS: C DIF: 2 REF: 10-1 NAT: AnalyticLOC: The study of economics and definitions in economics TOP: GDPMSC: Interpretive5、Which of the following statements about GDP is correct?a、 GDP measures two things at once: the total income of everyone in the economyand the total expenditure o n the economy’s output of goods and services、b、 Money continuously flows from households to firms and then back tohouseholds, and GDP measures this flow of money、c、GDP is generally regarded as the best single measure of a society’seconomic well-being、d、 All of the above are correct、ANS: D DIF: 2 REF: 10-1 NAT: AnalyticLOC: The study of economics and definitions in economics TOP: GDPMSC: Interpretive6、Because every transaction has a buyer and a seller,a、 GDP is more closely associated with a n economy’s income than it is withan economy’s expenditure、b、every transaction contributes equally to an economy’s income and to itsexpenditure、c、 the number of firms must be equal to the number of households in a simplecircular-flow diagram、d、 f irms’ profits are necessarily zero in a simple circular-flow diagram、ANS: B DIF: 2 REF: 10-1 NAT: AnalyticLOC: The study of economics and definitions in economics TOP: Circular flow MSC: Interpretive7、For an economy as a whole, income must equal expenditure becausea、 the number of firms is equal to the number of households in an economy、b、 individuals can only spend what they earn each period、c、 every dollar of spending by some buyer is a dollar of income for someseller、d、 every dollar of saving by some consumer is a dollar of spending by someother consumer、ANS: C DIF: 2 REF: 10-1 NAT: AnalyticLOC: The study of economics and definitions in economics TOP: Circular flow MSC: Interpretive8、If an economy’s GDP falls, then it must be the case that the economy’sa、 income falls and saving rises、b、 income and saving both fall、c、 income falls and expenditure rises、d、 income and expenditure both fall、ANS: D DIF: 2 REF: 10-1 NAT: AnalyticLOC: The study of economics and definitions in economics TOP: GDPMSC: Interpretive9、If an economy’s GDP rises, then it must be the case that the economy’sa、 income rises and saving falls、b、 income and saving both rise、c、 income rises and expenditure falls、d、 income and expenditure both rise、ANS: D DIF: 2 REF: 10-1 NAT: AnalyticLOC: The study of economics and definitions in economics TOP: GDPMSC: Interpretive10、Which of the following statements about GDP is correct?a、 GDP measures two things at once: the total income of everyone in the economyand the unemployment rate of the economy’s labor force、b、 Money continuously flows from households to government and then back tohouseholds, and GDP measures this flow of money、c、GDP is to a nation’s economy as household income is to a household、d、 All of the above are correct、ANS: C DIF: 2 REF: 10-1 NAT: AnalyticLOC: The study of economics and definitions in economics TOP: GDPMSC: Interpretive11、In a simple circular-flow diagram, total income and total expenditure area、 never equal because total income always exceeds total expenditure、b、seldom equal because of the ongoing changes in an economy’s unemploymentrate、c、 equal only when the government purchases no goods or services、d、 always equal because every transaction has a buyer and a seller、ANS: D DIF: 2 REF: 10-1 NAT: AnalyticLOC: Understanding and applying economic models TOP: Circular flow MSC: Interpretive12、In a simple circular-flow diagram,a、 households spend all of their income、b、 all goods and services are bought by households、c、 expenditures flow through the markets for goods and services, while incomeflows through the markets for the factors of production、d、 All of the above are correct、ANS: D DIF: 2 REF: 10-1 NAT: AnalyticLOC: Understanding and applying economic models TOP: Circular flow MSC: Interpretive13、In a simple circular-flow diagram, firms use the money they get from a saletoa、 pay wages to workers、b、 pay rent to landlords、c、pay profit to the firms’ owners、d、 All of the above are correct、ANS: D DIF: 1 REF: 10-1 NAT: AnalyticLOC: Understanding and applying economic models TOP: Circular flow MSC: Definitional14、In a simple circular-flow diagram, households buy goods and services withthe income they get froma、 wages、b、 rents、c、 profits、d、 All of the above are correct、ANS: D DIF: 1 REF: 10-1 NAT: AnalyticLOC: Understanding and applying economic models TOP: Circular flow MSC: Definitional15、In the actual economy, householdsa、 spend all of their income、b、 divide their income among spending, taxes, and saving、c、 buy all goods and services produced in the economy、d、 Both (a) and (c) are correct、ANS: B DIF: 2 REF: 10-1 NAT: AnalyticLOC: Understanding and applying economic models TOP: Circular flow MSC: Interpretive16、Total income from the domestic production of final goods and services equalsa、 only household expenditures for these goods、b、 only household and business expenditures for these goods、c、 only household and government expenditures for these goods、d、 the expenditures for these goods whoever buys them、ANS: D DIF: 1 REF: 10-1 NAT: AnalyticLOC: The study of economics and definitions in economics TOP: Circular flow MSC: Definitional17、In the actual economy, goods and services are purchased bya、 households, but not firms or the government、b、 households and firms, but not the government、c、 households and the government, but not firms、d、 households, firms, and the government、ANS: D DIF: 1 REF: 10-1 NAT: AnalyticLOC: Understanding and applying economic models TOP: Circular flowMSC: Interpretive18、According to the circular-flow diagram GDPa、 can be computed as the total income paid by firms or as expenditures onfinal goods and services、b、 can be computed as the total income paid by firms, but not as expenditureson final goods and services、c、 can be computed as expenditures on final goods and services, but not asthe total income paid by firms、d、 cannot be computed as either total income paid by firms or expenditureson final goods and services、ANS: A DIF: 2 REF: 10-1 NAT: AnalyticLOC: The study of economics and definitions in economics TOP: Circular flow MSC: Definitional19、According to the circular-flow diagram GDPa、 can be computed as either the revenue firms receive from the sales of goodsand services or the payments they make to factors of production、b、 can be computed as the revenue firms receive from the sales of goods andservices but not as the payments they make to factors of production、c、 can be computed as payments firms make to factors of production but notas revenues they receive from the sales of goods and services、d、 cannot be computed as either the revenue firms receive or the payments theymake to factors of production、ANS: A DIF: 2 REF: 10-1 NAT: AnalyticLOC: The study of economics and definitions in economics TOP: Circular flow MSC: DefinitionalTHE MEASUREMENT OF GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT1、GDP is defined as thea、 value of all goods and services produced within a country in a given periodof time、b、 value of all goods and services produced by the citizens of a country,regardless of where they are living, in a given period of time、c、 value of all final goods and services produced within a country in a givenperiod of time、d、 value of all final goods and services produced by the citizens of a country,regardless of where they are living, in a given period of time、ANS: C DIF: 1 REF: 10-2 NAT: AnalyticLOC: The study of economics and definitions in economics TOP: Domestic productionMSC: Definitional2、Which of the following is a way to compute GDP?a、 add up the wages paid to all workersb、 add up the quantities of all final goods and servicesc、 add up the market values of all final goods and servicesd、 add up the difference between the market values of all final goods andservices and then subtract the costs of producing those goods and services ANS: C DIF: 2 REF: 10-2 NAT: AnalyticLOC: The study of economics and definitions in economics TOP: Market value MSC: Interpretive3、In order to include many different goods and services in an aggregate measure,GDP is computed using, primarily,a、 values of goods and services based on surveys of consumers、b、 market prices、c、 quantities purchased by a typical urban household、d、 profits from producing goods and services、ANS: B DIF: 2 REF: 10-2 NAT: AnalyticLOC: The study of economics and definitions in economics TOP: Market value MSC: Interpretive4、Gross domestic product adds together many different kinds of goods andservices into a single measure of the value of economic activity、 To do this, GDP makes use ofa、 market prices、b、 statistical estimates of the value of goods and services to consumers、c、 prices based on the assumption that producers make no profits、d、 the maximum amount consumers would be willing to pay、ANS: A DIF: 2 REF: 10-2 NAT: AnalyticLOC: The study of economics and definitions in economics TOP: Market value MSC: Interpretive5、In computing GDP, market prices are used to value final goods and servicesbecausea、 market prices do not change much over time, so it is easy to make comparisonsbetween years、b、 market prices reflect the values of goods and services、c、 market prices reflect the quantity sold、d、 None of the above is correct; market prices are not used in computing GDP、ANS: B DIF: 2 REF: 10-2 NAT: AnalyticLOC: The study of economics and definitions in economics TOP: Market value MSC: Interpretive6、If the price of a Blu-Ray Disc player is three times the price of an MP3 player,then a Blue-Ray Disc player contributesa、 more than three times as much to GDP as does a MP3 player、b、 less than three times as much to GDP as does a MP3 player、c、 exactly three times as much to GDP as does a MP3 player、d、 None of the above is necessarily correct、ANS: C DIF: 2 REF: 10-2 NAT: AnalyticLOC: The study of economics and definitions in economics TOP: Market value MSC: Applicative7、Suppose that an economy produces 40,000 units of good A which sells at $4a unit and 20,000 units of good B which sells at $5 per unit、 Productionof good A contributesa、 2 times as much to GDP as the production of good B、b、 8/5 times as much to GDP as the production of good B、c、 5/4 times as much to GDP as the production of good B、d、 4/5 times as much to GDP as production of good B、ANS: B DIF: 2 REF: 10-2 NAT: AnalyticLOC: The study of economics and definitions in economics TOP: Market value MSC: Applicative8、Suppose that an economy produces 30,000 units of good A which sells at $3a unit and 60,000 units of good B which sells at $2 per unit、 Productionof good A contributesa、 1/2 times as much to GDP as the production of good B、b、 3/2 times as much to GDP as the production of good B、c、 3/4 times as much to GDP as the production of good B、d、 4/3 times as much to GDP as production of good B、ANS: C DIF: 2 REF: 10-2 NAT: AnalyticLOC: The study of economics and definitions in economics TOP: Market value MSC: Applicative9、Which of the following is included in GDP?a、 the market value of rental housing services, but not the market value ofowner-occupied housing services、b、 the market value of owner-occupied housing services, but not the marketvalue of rental housing servicesc、 both the market value of rental housing services and the market value ofowner-occupied housing servicesd、 neither the market value of owner-occupied housing services nor the marketvalue of rental housing services、ANS: C DIF: 2 REF: 10-2 NAT: AnalyticLOC: The study of economics and definitions in economics TOP: Housing servicesMSC: Definitional10、The value of the housing services provided by the economy's owner-occupiedhouses isa、 included in GDP, and the estimated rental values of the houses are usedto place a value on these housing services、b、 included in GDP, and the actual mortgage payments made on the houses areused to estimate the value of these rental services、c、 excluded from GDP since these services are not sold in any market、d、 excluded from GDP since the value of these housing services cannot beestimated with any degree of precision、ANS: A DIF: 2 REF: 10-2 NAT: AnalyticLOC: The study of economics and definitions in economics TOP: Housing servicesMSC: Definitional11、Suppose an apartment complex converts to a condominium, so that the formerrenters are now owners of their housing units、 Suppose further that a current estimate of the value of the condominium owners' housing services is the same as the rent they previously paid、 What happens to GDP as a result of this conversion?a、 GDP necessarily increases、b、 GDP necessarily decreases、c、 GDP is unaffected because neither the rent nor the estimate of the valueowner-occupied housing services is included in GDP、d、 GDP is unaffected because previously the rent payments were included inGDP and now the rent payments are replaced in GDP by the estimate of thevalue of owner occupied housing services、ANS: D DIF: 2 REF: 10-2 NAT: AnalyticLOC: The study of economics and definitions in economics TOP: Housing servicesMSC: Applicative12、James owns two houses、 He rents one house to the Johnson family for $10,000per year、 He lives in the other house、 If he were to rent the house in which he lives, he could earn $12,000 per year in rent、 How much do the housing services provided by the two houses contribute to GDP?a、 $0b、 $10,000c、 $12,000d、 $22,000ANS: D DIF: 2 REF: 10-2 NAT: AnalyticLOC: The study of economics and definitions in economics TOP: Housing servicesMSC: Applicative13、Ryan lives in an apartment where he pays $7,000 a year in rent、 Alexislives in a house that could be rented for $14,000 a year、 How much do these housing services contribute to GDP?a、 $21,000b、 $14,000c、 $7,000d、 $0ANS: A DIF: 2 REF: 10-2 NAT: AnalyticLOC: The study of economics and definitions in economics TOP: Housing servicesMSC: Applicative14、Most goods and services produced at homea、 and most goods and services produced illegally are included in GDP、b、 are included in GDP while most goods and services produced illegally areexcluded from GDP、c、 are excluded from GDP while most goods and services produced illegally areincluded in GDPd、 and most goods and services produced illegally are excluded from GDP、ANS: D DIF: 2 REF: 10-2 NAT: AnalyticLOC: The study of economics and definitions in economicsTOP: Household chores | Illegal goods MSC: Definitional15、GDP excludes most items that are produced and sold illegally and most itemsthat are produced and consumed at home becausea、 the quality of these items is not high enough to contribute value to GDP、b、 measuring them is so difficult、c、 the government wants to discourage the production and consumption of theseitems、d、 these items are not reported on income tax forms、ANS: B DIF: 2 REF: 10-2 NAT: AnalyticLOC: The study of economics and definitions in economics TOP: Illegal goods MSC: Interpretive16、Estimates of the values of which of the following non-market goods or servicesare included in GDP?a、 the value of unpaid houseworkb、 the value of services provided by major household appliances purchased ina previous periodc、 the estimated rental value of owner-occupied homesd、 All of the above are included in GDP、ANS: C DIF: 2 REF: 10-2 NAT: AnalyticLOC: The study of economics and definitions in economicsTOP: Housing services | Household chores MSC: Applicative17、Over the last few decades, Americans have chosen to cook less at home andeat more at restaurants、 This change in behavior, by itself, hasa、 reduced measured GDP、b、 not affected measured GDP、c、 increased measured GDP by the value of the restaurant meals、d、increased measured GDP by the value added by the restaurant’s preparationand serving of the meals、ANS: D DIF: 2 REF: 10-2 NAT: AnalyticLOC: The study of economics and definitions in economics TOP: Household choresMSC: Applicative18、Over time, people have come to rely more on market-produced goods and servicesand less on goods and services they produce for themselves、 For example, busy people with high incomes, rather than cleaning their own houses, hire people to clean their houses、 By itself, this change hasa、 caused measured GDP to fall、b、 not caused any change in measured GDP、c、 caused measured GDP to rise、d、 probably changed measured GDP, but in an uncertain direction; the directionof the change depends on the difference in the quality of the cleaning thathas resulted、ANS: C DIF: 2 REF: 10-2 NAT: AnalyticLOC: The study of economics and definitions in economics TOP: Household choresMSC: Applicative19、Ralph pays someone to mow his lawn, while Mike mows his own lawn、 Regardingthese two practices, which of the following statements is correct?a、Only Ralph’s payments are included in GDP、b、Ralph’s payments as well as the estimated value of Mike’s mowing servicesare included in GDP、c、Neither Ralph’s payments nor the estimated value of Mike's mowing servicesis included in GDP、d、Ralph’s payments are included in GDP, while the estimated value of Mike’smowing services is included in GDP only if Mike voluntarily provides hisestimate of that value to the government、ANS: A DIF: 2 REF: 10-2 NAT: AnalyticLOC: The study of economics and definitions in economics TOP: Household choresMSC: Interpretive20、Susan switches from going to Speedy Lube for an oil change to changing theoil in her car herself、 Which of the following is correct? The value of changing the oil isa、 included in GDP whether Susan pays Speedy Lube to change it or changes itherself、b、 included in GDP if Susan pays Speedy Lube to change it but not if she changesit herself、c、 included in GDP if Susan changes it herself, but not if she pays SpeedyLube to change it、d、 not included in GDP whether Susan pays Speedy lube to change it or shechanges it herself、ANS: B DIF: 2 REF: 10-2 NAT: AnalyticLOC: The study of economics and definitions in economics TOP: Household choresMSC: Applicative21、Rachel babysits for her sister for no pay、 When she babysits for someoneelse she charges $8 an hour、When is Rachel’s babysitt ing included in GDP?a、 When she babysits for her sister and when she babysits for someone else、b、 When she babysits for her sister, but not when she babysits for someoneelse、c、 When she babysits for someone else, but not when she babysits for hersister、d、 Neither when she babysits for her sister nor for someone else、ANS: C DIF: 2 REF: 10-2 NAT: AnalyticLOC: The study of economics and definitions in economics TOP: GDPMSC: Interpretive22、Which of the following is not included in GDP?a、 carrots grown in your garden and eaten by your familyb、carrots purchased at a farmer’s market and eaten by your familyc、 carrots purchased at a grocery store and eaten by your familyd、 None of the above are included in GDP、ANS: A DIF: 2 REF: 10-2 NAT: AnalyticLOC: The study of economics and definitions in economics TOP: Household choresMSC: Applicative23、 A professional gambler moves from a state where gambling is illegal to a statewhere gambling is legal、 Most of his income was, and continues to be, from gambling、 His movea、 raises GDP、b、 decreases GDP、c、 doesn't change GDP because gambling is never included in GDP、d、 doesn't change GDP because in either case his income is included、ANS: A DIF: 2 REF: 10-2 NAT: AnalyticLOC: The study of economics and definitions in economics TOP: Illegal goods MSC: Applicative24、If a state made a previously-illegal activity, such as gambling orprostitution, legal, then, other things equal, GDPa、 decreases、b、 increases、c、 doesn't change because both legal and illegal production are included inGDP、d、 doesn't change because these activities are never included in GDP、ANS: B DIF: 2 REF: 10-2 NAT: AnalyticLOC: The study of economics and definitions in economics TOP: Illegal goods MSC: Applicative25、Which of the following is included in GDP?a、 medical marijuana purchased from a government-run pharmacy by a glaucomapatientb、 recreational marijuana purchased from a drug dealer by a college studentc、 recreational marijuana produced and consumed by a man in his atticd、 All of the above are included in GDP、ANS: A DIF: 2 REF: 10-2 NAT: AnalyticLOC: The study of economics and definitions in economics TOP: Illegal goods MSC: Applicative26、Darin grows and sells marijuana to Jennifer、 Thomas is an organic farmerwho sells broccoli to Jennifer、 Marijuana is an illegal good and broccoli is a legal good、 Assume that if Jennifer marries either, they give her whatthey use to sell her、 Which of the following statements is consistent with the way GDP is computed?a、 GDP will fall if Jennifer marries either Darin or Thomas、、b、 GDP will fall if Jennifer marries Darin but not if she marries Thomas、c、 GDP will fall if Jennifer marries Thomas but not if she marries Darin、d、 GDP remains the same whether Jennifer marries Darin or Thomas、ANS: C DIF: 2 REF: 10-2 NAT: AnalyticLOC: The study of economics and definitions in economics TOP: Illegal goods MSC: Applicative27、Spots, Inc、 produces ink and sells it to Write on Target, which makes pens、The ink produced by Spots, Inc、 is calleda、 an inventory good、b、 a transitory good、c、 a final good、d、 an intermediate good、ANS: D DIF: 1 REF: 10-2 NAT: AnalyticLOC: The study of economics and definitions in economics TOP: Intermediate goodsMSC: Definitional28、The purchase of rice produced this period is included in GDP if the rice isa、 used in a meal a restaurant sells during the same period they buy the rice、b、 purchased by a family who uses it to make tuna casserole for its supper、c、 purchased by a frozen food company to increase its inventory、d、 B and C are correct、ANS: D DIF: 3 REF: 10-2 NAT: AnalyticLOC: The study of economics and definitions in economics TOP: Intermediate goodsMSC: Interpretive29、 A farmer sells $50,000 of apples to individuals who take them home to eatand $75,000 of apples to a company that uses them all to produce cider、 How much of the farmer’s sales will be included as apples in GDP?a、 $0b、 $50,000c、 $75,000d、 $125,000ANS: B DIF: 2 REF: 10-2 NAT: AnalyticLOC: The study of economics and definitions in economics TOP: Intermediate goodsMSC: Applicative。

曼昆宏观第23章作业答案

2、一位农民收获了1蒲式耳小麦，并以$1.00将这些小麦卖给了面粉厂。

面粉厂将这些小麦磨成面粉，并以$3.00将这些面粉卖给了面包厂。

面包厂用这些面粉做成面包，并以$6.00将这些面包卖给了工程师。

工程师吃掉了这些面包。

计算：每一阶段上的价值增值；国内生产总值（GDP）解：每个人的增加值是商品的价值减去生产该产品所需材料的价值。

因此，农民的增加值是1美元；面粉厂的增加值是2美元；它以3美元的价格将免费卖给面包师，花1美元买小麦。

面包师的增加值是3美元；他以6美元的价格将面包卖给工程师而花了3美元买面粉。

GDP即为增加值的总和，即1+2+3=6美元3、假设一个妇女嫁给了其男管家，在他们结婚后，她丈夫像以前一样照顾她，而且她也继续像以前一样养活他。

结婚如何影响GDP。

答：从GDP衡量内容来看，妇女嫁给其男管家后，GDP下降的额度=男管家的工资，因为男管家的工资没了，总收入GDP随之下降。

这是因为GDP没有真正衡量所有产品和服务的价值。

如果GDP完美衡量所有经济中的产出，则其数值不变，因为经济活动的总量并没有发生变化。

然而真实的GDP只是经济活动的一个不完整指标，一些产品服务被遗漏。

一旦男管家的工作变成家务活，他的服务就不计入6、考虑一个生产并消费面包和汽车的经济。

下表中是两个不同年份的数据。

（1）以2000年作为基年，计算每年的名义GDP，实际GDP，GDP 平减指数以及像CPI这样的固定加权物价指数。

解：名义GDP2000=（P汽车2000*Q汽车2000）+（P面包2000*Q面包2000）=10，000，000名义GDP2010=（P汽车2010*Q汽车2010）+（P面包2010*Q面包2010）=15，200，000实际GDP2010=（P汽车2000*Q汽车2010）+（P面包2000*Q面包2010）=10，000，0002010年隐含的价格平减指数=名义GDP2010/实际GDP2010*100=152 CPI2010=[ P汽车2010*Q汽车2000）+（P面包2010*Q面包2000）]/[（P汽车2000*Q汽车2000）+（P面包2000*Q面包2000）]=1.6（2）在2000年到2010年之间，物价上涨了多少？比较拉斯拜尔指数和帕氏指数给出答案。

宏观习题23、24章-参考答案

第二十三章一、名词解释（5）总收入（1）总支出（4）国内生产总值（2）中间生产（3）最终生产1. 消费、投资、政府购买和净出口。

2. 一个企业为另一个企业进一步加工而生产的物品。

3. 销售给最终使用者的制成品。

4. 一个国家在某一既定时期内生产的所有最终物品与劳务的市场价值。

5. 工资、租金和利润。

（2）国民生产总值（3）消费（4）投资（5）政府购买（1）净出口1. 外国人对国内生产的物品的支出（出口）减国内居民对外国物品的支出（进口）。

2. 由一国的居民在某一既定时期内生产的所有最终物品和劳务的市场价值。

3. 不包括新住房在内的家庭对物品和劳务的支出。

4.用于资本设备、存货和包括家庭购买新住房在内的建筑物的支出。

5. 各级政府用于物品和劳务的支出。

（4）转移支付（5）真实GDP（2）名义GDP（3）基年（1）GDP平减指数1. 用名义GDP与真实GDP的比率乘以100而计算出的物价水平的衡量指标。

2. 按当年物价评价的物品与劳务的生产。

3. 用来衡量真实GDP的价格的那一年。

4. 政府不为得到物品或劳务的支出。

5. 根据基年价格评价的物品与劳务的生产。

（2）、净出口为负是什么意思？进口＞出口2003年的GDP是100美元、2004年的GDP是200美元、2005年的GDP是400美元。

（2）、2003年2004年和2005年的真实GDP是多少？2003年真实GDP是100美元、2004年的是100美元、2005年的是100美元。

2003年。

（2）、2004年GDP平减指数的值是多少？107（3）、从2003年到2004年，物价上升了百分之多少？7%第一年，因为GDP平减指数=1002、从第一年到第二年，是真实产量增加了还是物价上身了？解释之。

物价上升20%，真实产量未变3、从第二年到第三年，是真实产量增加了还是物价上升了？解释之。

物价未变，真实产量增加25%。

5、如果2005年的真实GDP大于2004年的真实GDP，真实产量增加了吗？物价上升了吗？真实产量增加，因为是用不变的基年物价衡量每年的产值。

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第23章
一、判断正误题
1.对整个经济来说，收入等于支出，因为卖者的收入必定等于买者的支出。

2.一个苹果的生产对GDP的贡献大于一只金戒指的生产，因为食物本身是生活的必需品。

3. 如果木场把1000美元木材出售给木匠，木匠用这些木材盖了一座以5 000 美元出售的房子，则对GDP的贡献是6000美元。

4.一个人均GDP高的国家通常生活水平或生活质量都高于人均GDP低的国家。

5.如果2010年的名义GDP大于2009年的名义GDP，真实产量必定增加了。

6.如果美国的GDP大于美国的GNP，那么外国人在美国的生产大于美国居民在世界其他国家的生产。

7.工资是转移支付的一个例子，因为是从企业到工人的转移支付。

8.在美国，投资是GDP中最大的组成部分。

9.名义GDP用现期价格去评价产量，而真实GDP用不变的基年价格去评价产量（物品与劳务的生产）。

10.在2009年生产但在2010年第一次出售的一辆新汽车，应该计人2010年的GDP，因为当它第一次出售时才作为一种最终物品。

11.当芝加哥市购买了一座新教学楼时，GDP的投资组成部分增加了。

12.当真实GDP减少时便出现了衰退。

13.折旧是经济中设备和建筑物磨损的价值。

14.尽管香烟的税收是1美元，但香烟在GDP中应该按每包5.5美元的价格评价，因为买者为每包香烟支付了5.5美元。

15.国民生产净值总是大于一国的总收入，因为有折旧和税收。

二、单项选择题
1.转移支付的例子是
a. 工资。

b.利润。

c.租金。

d.政府购买。

e.失业补助。

2.在制造物品和劳务的过程中，工厂和设备磨损的价值用以下哪一项来衡堕？
a.消费。

b.折旧。

c.国民生产净值。

d.投资。

e.中间物品。

3.以下哪一项的销售不包括在2009年的GDP中？
a.2009年在田纳西州生产的本田车。

/
e.国民生产净值、国民生产总值和个人可支配收入。

5.美国的国内生产总值（与国民生产总值相比）衡量以下哪一项的生产和收入？
a.美国人及其工厂的生产和收入，无论它们在世界上什么地方。

b.美国境内的人和工厂的生产和收入。

c.只包括国内劳务部门的生产和收入。

d.只包括国内制造业部门的生产和收入。

e.以上各项都不是。

6.国内生产总值是以下哪一项市场价值之和？
a.中间物品。

b.制成品。

c.正常物品和劳务。

d.低档物品和劳务。

e.最终物品和劳务。

7.如果2010年的名义GDP大于2007 年的名义GDP，那么产量必定
a.增加了。

b.减少了。

c.保持不变。

d.增加或减少，因为没有充分的信息用以确定真实产量发生了什么变动。

8.如果一个鞋匠购买了100美元的皮革和50美元的线，并用它们制作成鞋，向消费者出售的价格为500美元，那么对GDP的贡献是
a.50美元。

b.100美元。

c.500美元。

d.600美元。

e.650美元。

9.GDP应该包括以下哪一项？
a.家务劳动。

b.毒品销售。

c.中间物品销售。

d.咨询劳务。

e.一天不工作的价值。

10.真实GDP是用_____价格衡量，而名义GDP是用_____价格衡量。

a.现期，基年。

b.基年，现期。

c.中间物品，最终物品。

d.国内物品，国外物品。

e.国外物品，国内物品。

下表包含了一个只生产笔和书的经济的信息。

基年是2007年。

用这些信息回答第11---16题。

a.800美元
b.1060美元
c.1200美元
d.1460美元
e.以上各项都不对。

12.2008年真实GDP的值是多少？
a.800美元。

b.1060美元。

c.1200美元
d.1460美元
e.以上各项都不对。

13.2008年GDP平减指数的值是多少？
a.100
b.113
c.116
d.119
e.138
14.从2007年到2008年，物价上升的百分比是多少？
a. O
b.13％
c.16％
d.22％
e.38％
15.从2008年到2009年，物价上升的百分比接近于多少？
a. O
b.13％
c.16％
d.22％
e.38％
16.从2008年到2009年，真实GDP增加的百分比是多少？
a. O
b.7％
c.22％
d.27％
e.32％
17.如果美国的GDP大于GNP，那么
a.外国人在美国生产的多于美国人在外国生产的。

b.美国人在外国生产的多于外国人在美国生产的。

c.真实GDP大于名义GDP。

d.真实GNP大于名义GNP。

e.中间物品大于最终物品。

18.美国的GDP不应该包括哪一项？
a.由国内买者购买的律师劳务。

b.由国内买者购买的维护草坪劳务。

c.由得克萨斯州购买的一座新桥。

d.由Lee牛仔裤厂购买的棉花。

e.购买了一辆在伊利诺伊州生产的新马自达汽车。

19.你购买了一辆完全在德国生产的价值4万美元的宝马车。

这项交易在美国GDP账户中应该如何记录？
a.投资增加4万美元，净出口增加4万美元。

b.消费增加4万美元，净出口减少4万美元。

c.净出口减少4万美元。

d.净出口增加4万美元。

e.没有影响，因为这项交易并不涉及国内生产。

20.如果你祖父买了一所新的退休住房，这项交易将影响
a.消费。

b.投资。

c.政府购买。

d．净出口。

e.以上各项都不是。

宏观经济学第23章作业

宏观经济学(初级 第23章)

宏经23章选择题（题目+答案+详解）

北大出版社_曼昆_宏观经济学_第六版_最新全英试题库_有答案解析_23章

曼昆《经济学原理(宏观经济学分册)》(第7版)章节题库-第二十三章至第二十七章【圣才出品】

宏观经济学第二十三章习题答案

曼昆经济学原理(宏观分册)第23章课后习题答案(英文版)

宏观经济学原理习题

23章课后习题答案

曼昆宏观经济学 23章英文答案

宏观经济学23-26章课后练习答案

宏观经济学第23章作业

宏观经济学学习笔记(曼昆经济学原理)23章节

曼昆《经济学原理(宏观经济学分册)》(第6版)笔记和课后习题详解(第23章 一国收入的衡量)

北大出版社_曼昆_宏观经济学_第六版_全英试题库_有答案解析_23章

曼昆宏观第23章作业答案

宏观习题23、24章-参考答案

宏观经济学(初级第23章)

曼昆《经济学原理(宏观经济学分册)》(第6版)笔记和课后习题详解(第23章一国收入的衡量)