Different attitudes to time中西方时间观念比较
中美时间观念差异对比(商务英语专业)
A Comparison of the Discrepancies of Time Concepts betweenChinese and AmericansAbstractCultural differences exist widely in cross-cultural communication, and differences often cause conflicts and hinder normal communication between different cultures. Different cultures shape people's different concepts of time. Because Chinese and American cultures differ widely in many aspects, such as beliefs, historical backgrounds, social models and so on, their concepts and attitudes toward time are also very different, which has resulted in different time-oriented models. With the closer ties between China and the United States, cultural exchanges have gradually increased. How to treat time and how to use it have greatly affected the effect of cross-cultural communication between Chinese and American cultures. By comparing and analyzing the cultural factors that lead to the discrepancies between Chinese and American time concepts, we can further understand and grasp the respective time orientations of Chinese and American cultures to improve the effectiveness of cross-cultural communication.The main purpose of the article is to make a comparative study of differences in time orientation and the manifestations in life between China and the United States. After that, we will analyze the root causes of the differences and propose countermeasures to bridge the differences and strengthen communication. Keywords: cross-cultural communication, time concepts, time orientation中美时间观念差异对比摘要文化的差异广泛存在于跨文化交际中，而这些差异往往会引起冲突，并且阻碍不同文化之间的正常交流。
时间观念的解析及中西方传统时间观的比较
时间观念的解析及中西方传统时间观的比较一、引言时间观念在人类文化中具有重要地位，对人类社会的发展和演变有着深远的影响。
介绍时间观念的重要性和本文的研究意义。
二、时间观念的解析1. 时间的概念：时间是什么？时间的本质是什么？2. 时间的测量：如何精确地测量时间？3. 时间的分类：时间的分类和时间段的划分方式。
三、中西方传统时间观的比较1. 中西方时间观的异同：比较中西方两种传统时间观念的异同点。
2. 中西方对时间的态度差异：探讨中西方对时间的态度差异以及其内在的文化原因。
3. 中西方时间观的影响：比较中西方时间观对社会和人类行为的影响。
四、中西方时间观的转变1. 中西方时间观的历史演变：对中西方时间观的发展进行历史纵观。
2. 中西方时间观的转变：分析中西方时间观的转变，从而探讨人类对时间的认知和思考方式的变化。
五、现代时间观的思考1. 现代科技对时间的影响：现代科技对时间观的影响，如何让时间变得更加主动和有意义。
2. 个人时间观管理：探讨如何建立合理的个人时间观管理体系，做到高效利用时间。
六、结论对前面章节进行总结，进一步探讨时间观念的重要性及其对于人类社会的转型和进步所带来的启示。
第一章引言时间是世界上唯一不可逆的事物，它在人类社会中具有重要地位，对人类社会的发展和演变有着深远的影响。
时间观念是人们在长期的社会实践和思考中逐渐形成的关于时间的观念和认识。
本文旨在对时间观念进行解析，并比较中西方传统时间观的异同。
通过探讨时间观念的发展和演变，以及现代时间观的思考，进一步认识时间在人类社会和个人生活中的重要性和作用。
第二章时间观念的解析1. 时间的概念：时间是指宇宙过程中不间断的连续性，是一种通过测量来刻画的物理量。
它不可捉摸，无法具体感知，却贯穿着我们的生活。
2. 时间的测量：时间的测量是指通过一定的方法和设备，对时间的变化进行观测和记录，从而得出时间的定量结果。
人们从古至今，不断寻找更加准确的方法和工具来测量时间。
中西方时间观的差异对比
中西方时间观的差异对比摘要：何谓“时间”？时间的所谓“本质”是什么？何谓“时间意识”或“时间观念”？它们的所谓“本质”又是什么？这篇文稿并无这样的意图，对诸如此类既古老又“纯粹”的时间哲学问题进行求索和提供答案。
关键词：时间观念；中西传统；时间观Abstract: What says “the time”? What time so-called “is the essence”? What says “time consciousness” or “the time sense”? What their so-called “is the essence” also? This draft and does not have such intention, to so forth both ancient and “purely” the tim e philosophy question carries on seeks and provides the answer.key word: Time sense; China and the West tradition; Time view 概述本文将集中研究以下几组同时间哲学有联系的理论专题。
第一组是与人的“时间观念”相关联的理论专题。
其中包括：如何“还原”出时间观念的问题；时间观念中的时间样式的划分问题；时间观念形成的渊源问题；时间观念中的时间维度问题。
附带说一句，此处提到的“时间观念”是超地域、跨文化的，对任何民族均一视同仁。
因此，它可以为研究和比较中西方传统哲学中的时间观奠定一个普遍适用的理论基础。
第二组理论专题是：首先纵览中西方时间观的概貌，然后分别介绍中国和西方传统哲学中的几种有代表性的时间观。
其中包括三个理论专题：（1）综述中西方哲人对时间观念作出的不同解释。
（2）综述中国传统哲学中从《易经》开端的某些学派的时间观，这个专题主要涉及先秦时期的《易经》、儒家（孔子和孟子）、道家（老子和庄子）、墨家和《易传》中独具特色的时间哲学及其时间观，力求做到“见一斑而窥全豹”。
中西时间观之比较
中西时间观之比较摘要：时间观是人们在认识和改造客观世界的过程中逐渐形成的，不同的文化能形成不同的时间观。
时间观念对人们的语言、行为习惯、思维习惯等产生很大的影响。
深入了解不同文化的时间观有利于我们提高语言的应用能力，减少文化冲突。
本文主要探讨中西方不同的时间观的产生原因与表现，以及在全球化过程中产生的趋同现象。
关键词：时间观文化差异趋同时间是人和周围世界存在的一种形式。
时间观是人们在认识和改造客观世界的过程中逐渐形成的，人们的时间观一旦形成后，其言行就不知不觉地接受它的制约与支配。
相反一定的言行又反映一定的时间观，传递关于时间的某种信息。
美国人类学家爱德华・T・霍尔说过：“时间会说话。
它比有声语言更坦率，它传达的信息更响亮而清晰。
”时间观念是各种文化中重要的文化因素，不同的文化形成其特定的对时间的看法，它对人们的语言、行为习惯、思维习惯等会产生很大的影响。
深入了解不同文化的时间观有利于我们跨文化交际，提高语言应用能力。
一、多元制时间观与单一制时间观所谓多元制时间观，就是不强调时间的精确性，认为一个时间同时可以作几件事情；而单一制时间观则强调时间的精确性，认定一个时间只能做一件事情。
就多元制时间观来说，人们在同一时刻可以做很多事情，每件事情完成之后并无明显标记，人们即使制定了计划也不一定遵守，有许多其他因素可以左右计划的执行。
而在单一制时间观中，人们将时间视为必须严格控制的日用品，时间的支配必须精打细算，工作、生活要制定严格的计划，而且计划必须严格遵守，一次专心做一项活动。
中华民族是比较典型的多元制时间观的民族，中国人受以伦理为本位的儒家文化影响，在时间的使用上体现一种模糊性，强调的是对时间的适应。
认为世上万物是随着时间的周期轮回而发展变化的，因此人们做事更讲究时机和火候，即行动的每一步骤大多由周围的环境临时决定。
人们可以同时计划几件事，也可以同时做多件事。
因而灵活性强，但计划性较差、效率较低。
表现在社交活动较少提前预约，朋友亲戚之间可以随时随地串门而不必事先约定，这在西方是很不礼貌且难以容忍的。
中西方时间观念差异例子
中西方时间观念差异例子时间观念是不同文化之间的重要差异之一。
中西方时间观念的差异体现在很多方面，包括对时间的看待方式、时间的利用方式以及时间的价值观等。
下面将通过一些例子来说明中西方时间观念的差异。
首先，中西方对待准时的态度有所不同。
在西方文化中，准时被视为一种重要的价值观念，人们非常注重时间的准确性和效率。
例如，在西方国家，如果你迟到了一个会议或者约会，会被认为是不尊重他人的行为。
而在中国文化中，人们对待时间的态度相对较为灵活。
虽然准时也被认为是一种美德，但是人们对于时间的弹性更大，迟到一两分钟并不会被视为大问题。
其次，中西方对待时间的利用方式也有所不同。
在西方文化中，时间被视为一种有限的资源，人们注重高效地利用时间。
例如，西方人通常会将工作时间和休闲时间分开，努力保持工作与生活的平衡。
而在中国文化中，人们更倾向于将工作和生活融为一体，不拘泥于时间的划分。
例如，中国人常常会在工作之余与同事或朋友一起吃饭、喝茶，这种社交活动被视为重要的人际关系建立方式。
此外，中西方对待时间的价值观也存在差异。
在西方文化中，时间被视为金钱，人们注重时间的效益和经济价值。
例如，西方人通常会将时间与金钱进行等价交换，他们会计算每小时的工资，以此来衡量时间的价值。
而在中国文化中，时间被视为一种自然流动的现象，人们更注重时间的质量和内涵。
例如，中国人常常会将时间与情感、思考等联系在一起，他们更注重时间的体验和感受。
最后，中西方对待时间的观念差异还体现在日常生活中的一些细节上。
例如，在西方文化中，人们通常会提前预约，以确保时间的安排。
而在中国文化中，人们更倾向于即时安排，更加注重灵活性和随机性。
另外，西方人通常会将时间分割成小块，以提高效率。
而中国人则更倾向于将时间视为一个整体，注重整体的流动和变化。
综上所述，中西方时间观念的差异体现在对待准时的态度、时间的利用方式以及时间的价值观等方面。
这些差异不仅反映了不同文化的特点，也影响着人们的生活方式和行为习惯。
中西方时间观念对比研究三篇
中西方时间观念对比研究三篇时间观念是人们对时间的感知，认识和反应。
由于环境、文化以及思维方式、行为方式等方面的差异，人们对时间有着不同的认知和支配方式。
时间观念能够反映一种文化的基本内涵。
因此，来自中西方不同文化背景的人们对时间有着不同的概念和态度。
如果对其他文化的时间观念没有充分的了解，理所当然地以本国的文化准则和时间观念去进行跨文化交际，那么就有可能会产生误解，导致跨文化交际失败。
因此，在跨文化交际日益频繁的今天，研究中西文化的时间观念差异就显得尤为重要。
过去和未来的时间观中国人受儒家等传统文化的影响，比较倾向于性本善之说，并且重视传统。
因此，中国人在时间取向上倾向于过去。
人们在行事时喜欢引经据典，追本溯源，以史为鉴。
相对而言，人们对未来则不太感兴趣，因为未来是难以预测和把握的。
受到这种时间取向的影响，人们崇拜祖先、尊敬老人、重视经验、默守陈规。
西方人则主要采取未来的时间取向。
他们受基督教“原罪说”影响，认为回归过去如同走向“原罪”，因此他们更愿意着眼于未来。
秉持着未来取向的时间时间观念，西方人敢于创新，善于打破常规，推陈出新。
中西方在这一时间取向上的差异表现在许多方面。
举个简单的例子，在中国古装电视剧数不胜数;而在西方国家，特别是美国，有关未来题材的各种科幻大片却层出不穷，倍受欢迎。
另一个具有代表性的差别是中西方文化对“老”这一概念的不同理解。
按照中国的传统观念，“老”意味着有年龄、有经验,是智慧和权威的象征。
但这种观念在西方却并不被认同，“老”很可能被理解为能力衰退。
因此在与西方人交流时，年龄成为了一个人们忌讳的话题。
环形与直线型的时间观不同文化对时间的看法，也可区分为直线式时间观念和环形的时间观念(关世杰，1995)。
环行的时间观念认为，时间是不断运动的圆圈，呈永恒周期性圆辐式或螺旋式运动。
例如，昼夜的交替、季节的往复、月份的轮流、年岁的更迭以及植物的周期生长、农时劳作的更替等都是循环往复、周而复始的循环运动(葛志宏，2004)。
各国对时间的态度英语作文
各国对时间的态度英语作文Different countries have different attitudes towards time. In some countries, such as Germany and Switzerland, punctuality is highly valued. Being on time is considered a sign of respect and professionalism. Arriving a few minutes early is seen as a good practice, showing that you are reliable and organized. In these countries, being late is frowned upon and can even have negative consequences in personal and professional relationships.On the other hand, in countries like Spain and Italy, time is more flexible. People tend to have a more relaxed approach to punctuality and may not be as strict about being on time. Arriving a few minutes late is often considered acceptable and even expected in social gatherings. This cultural attitude towards time reflects a more laid-back lifestyle, where people prioritize enjoying the present moment rather than being constrained by strict schedules.In Japan, time is highly valued and being punctual is deeply ingrained in the culture. Arriving even a minutelate is seen as disrespectful and can be perceived as a lack of commitment or professionalism. In Japan, being on time is not only expected in business settings, but also in social gatherings and daily life. This emphasis on punctuality reflects the Japanese value of harmony and the importance of respecting others' time.In some African countries, such as Nigeria and Ghana, time is viewed in a more fluid manner. The concept of "African time" refers to the relaxed attitude towards punctuality and the understanding that things may not always start on time. This cultural perspective is influenced by factors such as infrastructure challenges and a more communal approach to time. People prioritize relationships and socializing over strict adherence to schedules.In the United States, punctuality is generally valued, especially in business settings. Being on time is seen as a sign of professionalism and reliability. However, there isalso a more casual attitude towards time in certain social situations. For example, arriving a few minutes late to a casual gathering with friends is often not a big deal. This reflects the American value of individualism and the importance of balancing work and leisure time.In conclusion, attitudes towards time vary greatly across different countries. Some cultures place a high value on punctuality, while others have a more flexible approach. Understanding and respecting these cultural differences can help individuals navigate social and professional interactions in an increasingly globalized world.。
Different-Attitude-to-Time
Different Attitude to Time1.Time is one of the most central differences that separate cultural ways of doing things. In the west, time tends to be seen as quantitative, measured in units that reflect the march of progress. It is logical, sequential, and present-focused, moving toward a future the ego cannot touch and a past that is not a part of now. To them the expression "time is money" is frequently heard. This approach to time is called monochronic time --------it is an approach that favors linear structure and focus on one event or interaction at a time.时间是导致不同的文化做事方式最主要的差异之一。
在西方,时间往往被视为定量,测量单位,反映了前进的步伐。
它是逻辑的,连续的,和现在集中的,朝着未来的自我不能触摸和过去,不是现在的一部分。
对他们而言，“时间就是金钱”之类的表达是经常听到的。
这种时间的方法称为单向计时制- - - - -一个每次都支持线性结构同时也关注一个事件或一次互动的方法。
2.In the East, it seems that time has unlimited continuity with no strict boundary. Birth and death are not such absolute ends since the universe continues and humans, though changing form, continue as part of it. People may attend to many things happening at once in this approach to time, called polychronic time. This may mean many conversations in a moment, such as a meeting in which people speak simultaneously, "talking over" each other as they discuss their subjects.在东方，时间似乎有无限的连续性没有严格的边界。
中西方在时间意识方面的异同
中西方在时间意识方面的异同一、单向计时制与多向计时制美国人类学家霍尔在《超越文化》一书中区分了两种不同的时间观念，即“单向计时制”和“多向计时制”②。
单向计时制和多向计时制与一个人的时间结构有关。
持有单向计时制时间观念的人对事情有明确的规划，按照计划一件一件地做事。
对于单向计时制的文化来说，同时做几件事是不负责任和缺乏效率的表现。
多向计时制则相反：人们没有详细的日程安排或明确的计划，即使有计划也不一定按照计划行事，而是想到什么事就做什么事，即使是在办公的地方，我们随处可见一个工作人员正在同时应对几个人或同时处理几件事情。
许多学者认为中国人属于多时制，习惯同时处理几件事情，根据人际关系来调整自己的时间安排。
然而，这种情况在大城市已经发生了很大的变化，在大城市中生活速度日益加快，人们愈来愈重视时间的安排。
严格的计划和支配时间已成为人们生活的需要。
本批赴泰汉语志愿者教师多来自北师大，已经习惯了北京忙碌而有节奏的生活，对事情有明确的规划，他们的时间观念更倾向于单向计时制。
而泰国人则属于典型的多向计时制，没有清晰的日程安排，经常有“临时通知”的事情。
例如：（1）周三，王老师去上课，可是教室空无一人。
王老师以为学生又迟到了，所以在教室等，可是半小时后还是没有学生来上课。
王老师只好去问其他老师，才知道学生这天要去参加其他的活动，不来上课了。
周四，王老师正在给高一年级的学生上课，楼下突然响起广播，通知学生们到楼下集合。
学生们收拾书包就下去集合了，也不管课程讲到了哪里。
周五，要进行课堂测验，王老师拿着考卷到教师，发现全班有一半的学生都去寺庙参加活动了，所以只能推迟测验。
在泰国的学校，这是个普遍现象。
学校不会对未来一个月甚至一周的活动有明确的计划，而是临时通知学生要去参加活动，课程由此取消。
对此，泰国教师已经习以为常。
可是初到泰国的志愿者教师对于教学有较为明确的规划，包括这节课要讲什么，这个月要完成什么，都是提前计划好的。
中美时间观念差异英文作文
中美时间观念差异英文作文英文：Time perception and management vary greatly between China and the United States. As someone who has lived in both countries, I have noticed several differences in how time is viewed and used.In China, punctuality is not always a top priority. It is not uncommon for meetings or appointments to start late, and people may arrive at social events much later than the scheduled time. This is partly due to the concept of "Chinese time," which refers to a more relaxed attitude towards punctuality. Additionally, the emphasis on building guanxi, or personal relationships, means that socializing and networking can take precedence over strict adherence to schedules.In contrast, the United States places a high value on punctuality and efficiency. Being late to a meeting orappointment is often seen as disrespectful and unprofessional. Time is viewed as a finite resource that must be managed carefully, and people are expected to arrive on time and use their time wisely. In fact, the phrase "time is money" is a common expression in American culture.These cultural differences can lead to misunderstandings and frustrations when working or socializing across cultures. For example, a Chinese business partner may not see the importance of arriving on time for a meeting with an American counterpart, while the American may view this as a sign of disrespect. On the other hand, an American may be seen as too rigid or inflexible by a Chinese partner who values building relationships over sticking to a strict schedule.Overall, it is important to be aware of these cultural differences and to approach time management and perception with an open mind and a willingness to adapt.中文：中美对时间的感知和管理存在很大差异。
中西方在时间观念方面的差异
中西方在时间观念方面的差异：
(一)过去时间取向和未来时间取向
时间取向是文化差异中的一个相对稳定的因素。
人们根据其文化在时间连续体上的侧重点来确定自己安排和使用时间的方法。
时间取向与民族的历史背景有关。
深刻影响中国人思想的儒家文化历来重视传统，重视历史，主张把过去的经验教训作为现在行事的重要参考。
1.中美称呼差异
(1)中国的称呼。
中国人对称呼是很严谨的。
经常用“老”这个词来表达对年长者的尊重，因为在中国人的观念里“老”代表成熟，经验丰富和智慧。
(2)美国的称呼。
美国人不重视“地位”，尤其是社会地位。
大多数美国人都不愿意自己因年龄或社会地位的关系而特别受人尊敬，这样会令他们觉得不自在。
(二)多元时间制和一元时间制
美国人类学家E·T·Hall把世界各地使用时间的习惯概括为多元时间制和一元时间制。
多元时间制是传统农业社会的产物，采取这种时间制的人们习惯于在同一时间内做不同的几件事，对计时、用时随意性强。
而遵循一元时间制观念的人们在一段时间内只安排一件事，强调办事的准时和计划性。
中国人采用的时间是趋于多元制的。
因为中华民族对时间的认识是从农业活动开始的，人们把月亮圆缺，季节更替和农事活动联系在一起。
而西方人采取一元时间制。
一元时间制强调日程，阶段性和准时性。
因此他们非常重视时间表，讲究计划的周密性和严谨性。
在一定的程度上，西方人受时钟的“铁腕”控制，它极客观地操纵着人们的社会生活。
大学生跨文化交际 Different Attitude to Time2014定稿
Different Attitude to Time1.Time is one of the most central differences that separate cultural ways of doing things. In the west, time tends to be seen as quantitative, measured in units that reflect the march of progress. It is logical, sequential, and present-focused, moving toward a future the ego cannot touch and a past that is not a part of now. To them the expression "time is money" is frequently heard. This approach to time is called monochronic time --------it is an approach that favors linear structure and focus on one event or interaction at a time.对待时间的态度是区分不同文化及其处事方式的最主要的差异因素之一。
在西方,时间往往以一定的单位被量化,这种单位反映了时间的向前流逝（如时、分、秒）。
时间是有逻辑性的,连续的,立足现时的。
它朝着自我现在不能触碰到的未来流逝，告别了不属于现在的过去。
对西方人而言，“时间就是金钱”之类的表达是经常听到的。
这种处理时间的方法称为单向计时制（单维度时间取向，一元时间制）- - - - -这是一个倾向于线性结构，注重于一次只处理一个事情或只进行一次互动的方法。
2.In the East, it seems that time has unlimited continuity with no strict boundary. Birth and death are not such absolute ends since the universe continues and humans, though changing form, continue as part of it. People may attend to many things happening at once in this approach to time, called polychronic time. This may mean many conversations in a moment, such as a meeting in which people speak simultaneously, "talking over" each other as they discuss their subjects.在东方，时间似乎是无限的、连续的，没有严格的边界的。
中西方时间观念的不同
中西方时间观念的不同文化背景不同所形成的时间观也不同。
时间观制约着人们的行为模式，常常给跨文化交际带来困难和障碍。
时间是人和周围世界存在的一种形式。
时间观是人们在认识和改造客观世界的过程中逐渐形成的,人们的时间观一旦形成后,其言行就不知不觉地接受它的制约与支配。
相反一定的言行又反映一定的时间观,传递关于时间的某种信息。
美国人类学家爱德华·T·霍尔说过:“时间会说话。
它比有声语言更坦率,它传达的信息更响亮而清晰。
”时间观念是各种文化中重要的文化因素,不同的文化形成其特定的对时间的看法,它对人们的语言、行为习惯、思维习惯等会产生很大的影响。
深入了解不同文化的时间观有利于我们跨文化交际, 提高语言应用能力。
中国人约会提前到，西方人约会迟到三五分钟。
中国人视年龄大为尊，西方人视年龄大为忌。
不同文化背景的人看待时间也有所不同,这就从一定程度上构成了他们不同的思维方式和生活方式。
在跨文化交际中,一些障碍可能仅仅由于对时间及其运用理解上的差异而产生。
例如,一位美国学者即将离开中国,他的一个中国朋友邀请他吃饭为他送行,可意想不到的是那个美国人说:“我很乐意去。
但万分抱歉,因为我已经安排好了明天的事情。
”这位中国朋友听后感到非常沮丧,甚至在他的眼中美国人对他的友好都是一种过度的冷漠。
不久他才发现是他不合时宜的邀请而导致拒绝。
为了尽量减少因时间观念的不同带来的跨文化语用失误，交际双方应尝试了解对方的时间观念。
时间观念是一种深层文化，它看不见摸不着，时时刻刻影响着人们的思想行为。
在全球一体化各国文化交流频繁的新世纪，对其他文化的时间观念不够尊重和了解，误解就有可能发生，跨文化交际就有可能失败。
我认为可以做到以下几点：（1）提高中美时间观念差异的意识。
当彼此时间观念不同时，不宜做好坏评价，宜作客观描述。
（2）变通和协商。
跨文化交际的过程是对异国文化的认知了解的过程，单靠一方的努力不容易加速彼此的理解，需要交际的双方互动并将自己的时间观念向对方解释，作出调整。
中西方时间观念对比
中西方时间观念比照中西方时间观念比照摘要：东西方文化传统的不同，导致人们的时间观念存在差异。
时间观念的差异会使跨文化交际产生交际障碍和失误。
本文拟从哲学根底、时间形态、时间取向、时间制式、时间形态等几个层面，比拟东西方时间观念的差异，期望能有助于人们更好的了解东西方时间观，提高交际能力。
关键词：东西方文化；差异；比拟时间是人和周围世界存在的一种形式。
时间观是人们在认识和改造客观世界的过程中逐渐形成的，人们的时间观一旦形成后，其言行就不知不觉地受其制约与支配。
不同的文化形成其特定的时间观念。
不同的文化观念对人们的语言、行为习惯、思维习惯等都会产生很大的影响。
深入了解不同文化的时间观有利于我们跨文化交际，提高语言应用能力。
一、中西方时间观念比照1.1中西方时间认知之哲学根底中国传统计时采用的主要是干支法。
10个天干和12个地支组成60对干支，可用于年、月、日、时辰的表述。
中国文化自古注重人与时的和谐，“天人合一〞是中国哲学的根本精神之一。
在中国传统文化中，农历除了作为一种表述时间的重要手段，更多的那么作为一种生活行为的指导，如迁居择址、婚丧嫁娶等。
“天人合一〞的思维方式使中国文化在感知事物时，强调主客一体，这导致中国人对时间的感知带有浓厚的主观色彩。
人们对客观时间的感知界限往往比拟模糊，并且表达时间常采取模糊表达方式。
例如：“过了半天〞，“一小会儿〞等等。
这些常用的时间表达方式大多需要说者和听者依靠特定语境才能准确理解。
西方文化采取的那么是“二元〞的思维模式，将主体与客体明确分开，研究主体与客体的相互关系。
这种哲学观念使西方人对时间的认识更加注重对自然时间和物理时间的探讨，具有很大的客观性。
西方人很早就意识到时间中的过去、现在、将来，并对此有所区分。
与汉语截然不同，西方语言大多需要通过动词复杂变化表示动作时间的明确差异。
1.2过去与未来的时间取向时间取向是时间观念中的一个重要方面。
人们通常根据其文化在时间取向连续体上的侧重点来确定自己的立场。
中西方谚语中时间观念之对比分析
中西方谚语中时间观念之对比分析A Contrastive Analysis of Time Concept in Chinese and WesternProverbsAcknowledgementsThis thesis has taken me almost two years to turn it from conception to the final completion. It is a work of joint efforts from many people. So I especially wish to extend my gratitude for the following people.Firstly, I would like to express my heartfelt appreciation to my supervisor Professor Meng li for her patient and constructive instructions on my thesis writing. I have got more inspiration and motivation to accomplish this study. I can deeply touched by her responsibility.Secondly, I would like to thank my dear classmates and roommates. They helped me so much by giving me useful suggestions and encourage me when I was in trouble and in confusion. Without their concern and companion, I cannot finish my paper smoothly. I benefit a lot from our daily communication.All in all, thanks all the people who offer me selfless support. Your kindness would be remembered forever.AbstractDifferent cultural backgrounds shape people's different concepts of time. Due to the differences of Chinese and Western cultural traditions, people's time concepts are different. This article briefly introduces the differences in time concepts between Chinese and Western proverbs, including time and money, opportunities, changes and speed, and explains the reasons for the different time concepts from three aspects: total culture, history and society. The study of Chinese and Western languages and intercultural communication play a guiding role.Key words: American proverbs; Chinese proverbs; time concept摘要不同的文化背景塑造了人们不同的时间观念，由于中西方文化传统的不同，导致人们的时间观念存在差异。
各个国家对时间的观念英文作文50词初一
各个国家对时间的观念英文作文50词初一English: Different countries have various attitudes towards time. In some countries like Germany and Japan, punctuality is highly valued and being on time is considered a sign of respect. On the other hand, countries like Spain and Italy have a more relaxed attitude towards time, where being a few minutes late is often acceptable. In the United States, punctuality is also important, but there is more flexibility in certain situations. Overall, cultural norms and values play a significant role in shaping each country's perception of time.
中文翻译: 不同国家对时间有不同的态度。
在德国和日本等国家，准时被高度重视，迟到被认为是一种尊重的表现。
另一方面，像西班牙和意大利这样的国家对时间有更放松的态度，几分钟迟到通常被认可。
在美国，准时也很重要，但在某些情况下有更多的灵活性。
总的来说，文化规范和价值观在塑造每个国家对时间的看法中发挥着重要作用。
中美时间安排区别英文作文
中美时间安排区别英文作文英文：In comparing the time arrangements between China and the United States, there are several notable differences that impact daily life, work, and communication. These disparities arise from cultural, historical, and practical factors shaping each country's approach to time management.Firstly, one significant contrast lies in the perception and utilization of punctuality. In the United States, punctuality is highly valued, and being late is generally considered disrespectful and unprofessional. Meetings, appointments, and social gatherings often start promptly at the scheduled time, and arriving even a few minutes late may be frowned upon. For instance, if a colleague schedules a meeting for 9 a.m., it is expected that all participants arrive a few minutes early to prepare and start on time.In China, while punctuality is still important in many contexts, there is often more flexibility regarding time arrangements. Social gatherings, for example, may have a designated start time, but it is common for attendees to arrive gradually over an extended period. This relaxed attitude towards punctuality is often influenced by the concept of "中国时间" (zhōngguó shíjiān), loosely translated as "Chinese time," which suggests a more fluid interpretation of schedules.Another notable difference is the structure of the typical workday. In the United States, the standard workweek typically consists of five days, from Monday to Friday, with weekends off. Office hours typically start around 9 a.m. and end around 5 p.m., although this can vary depending on the industry and individual workplace policies. Additionally, there is a strong emphasis on work-life balance, with many companies offering flexible work arrangements and paid time off for vacations and personal matters.On the other hand, in China, the workweek traditionallyspans from Monday to Saturday, with Sunday designated as the primary day off. Office hours may also vary but generally extend later into the evening compared to the United States, with it being common for employees to work beyond the standard 9-to-5 schedule. However, like in the U.S., there is a growing awareness of the importance of work-life balance, and some companies are adopting more flexible policies to accommodate employees' personal needs.Communication styles also differ between the two countries, which can influence time arrangements. In the United States, direct and straightforward communication is often preferred, with individuals valuing concise and efficient exchanges. This can manifest in the way meetings are conducted, with agendas outlined in advance, and discussions kept on track to ensure time is used efficiently.In China, communication tends to be more indirect, with an emphasis on maintaining harmony and saving face. This can sometimes lead to longer discussions and decisions taking more time to reach consensus. As a result, meetingsand negotiations may require more patience and flexibility regarding time management.Overall, while both China and the United States prioritize effective time management, there are distinct differences in how time is perceived, scheduled, and utilized in various aspects of daily life, work, and communication.中文：在比较中美两国的时间安排时，有几个显著的差异影响着日常生活、工作和沟通。
中西方时间观念差异_英文
The concept of time（时间观念）People of different cultural backgrounds have different sense of timeIn china，words and phrases about time are very general. For example，if you date with someone, most of Chinese used to answer: in the afternoon /after a while and so on.But in western, people have a very strong concept of time. If you date with a foreigner, they will ask you the Specific time, such as: what time should we meet?在中国,关于时间的单词和短语很一般。
例如,如果你和某人约会,大多数中国用于回答:下午/晚上/后一段时间等等。
但是在西方,人们有很强的时间观念。
如果你和一个外国人约会,他们会问你的具体时间,如:我们什么时间见面?In Chinese dating, people would like to come in advance and they think its represent respect. Westerners like to come to the dating place on time or a few minutes late, which can give each other fully time to prepare and the enough private space. They think that arriving on time shows people have good education. Otherwise he will be regarded as unreliable or is not responsible for the other people.在中国的相亲,人们想提前来,他们认为它表示尊重和礼貌。
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While Americans are used to Monochromic-Time
Americans prefer to do one things at a time
Causing the cultural differences
• Asians use time more freely and flexibly, preferring to hanging the wording of uncertainty on the lips, such as "immediately“, "sometimes", "most of the day," “in a while", which makes Westerners puzzle. • In Western society where time is almost a commodity, it is real and valuable, which can be traded, saved, wasted, lost, borrowed and measured. • "Time is money" seems to have become the credo of Western life.
M e e ting
In business meeting, 5 minutes late is OK in American. While in west culture, waiting is a waste of time. Americans have no tolerance to waiting too long. And the time spent in waiting may contain some massage. If some one want to be successful, he or she will not make others to wait. In China, if one is going to be late, no one will know how much time he or she will be late. In China, people are willing to wait. They believe that waiting can maintain good relationship. The time they spent on waiting may not contain much massage.
Representatives of polychromic time, monochromic time
Chinese people are more costumed to Polychromic-Time Chinese people used to do several things during a time
In China, the amount of time attributed to an activity is relatively flexible. For instance, Chinese do not hate the tendency of terminating an appointment before its natural conclusion, whereas America end the appointments at the appointed time and make way for the next one , according to schedules. Failure to do, they will be considered to be selfish and immoral. Chinese people place great value on one’s feelings and emotions. In other words, they are mainly concerned with the person involved instead of the appointed time. They don’t want to hurt others’ feelings.
pa st
pre se nt
future
The use of time is divided into two categories : polychromic time, monochromic time
多元制时间 单一制时间
• polychromic time : seeing time as scattered, advocating to do many things at the same time. A lot of things can simultaneously reappear. • monochromic time : stressing to do one thing in a specific time, attaching importance to planning, organizing, acting straightforward, seeing time as a straight line separated, unrepeated.
The eerica, teacher could be late (at most for 20 minutes) and the students should wait for him or her. In China, students feel that the teachers bear the unshakable responsibility to arrive on time, or they will be absent in 10 minutes.
Some scholars have used the round and line of the space concept to describe different concept of time.
Chinese as representative of the Asian concept of time is circular concepts Britain and the United States as representatives of the Western concept of time is linear concept