不定式完成式to have done用法
详解动词不定式的五种
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详解动词不定式的五种“式”不定式根据其发生的时间不同以及所处的状语的不同,可以有一般式、完成式、进行式、完成进行式,同时根据它与逻辑主语的关系的不同,可以有主动式和被动式。
如下表:一、不定式一般式的用法1. 表示未发生的动作即表示发生在谓语动作之后的动作。
如:I expect him to arrive tomorr ow. 我预计他明天到达。
I hope to catchan earlytrain.我希望赶上早班火车。
The doctor advise d me to take a comple te rest. 医生建议我完全休息。
2. 表示同时发生的动作即表示与谓语动作同时发生或略先于谓语动作的动作。
如:Who heardhim say that? 是谁听到他这样说的?(say与he ard几乎同时发生) I‟msorryto hear that. 听到这事我很难过。
(to hear 略先于amsorry)3. 表示一般情况即看不出动作的先后关系,而是表示一种情况或现象。
如:Washin g the car seemsto be your main hobby.擦洗汽车似乎是你的主要爱好。
None of her many lovers seemed to want to marryher. 在她的许多情人中似乎没有一个愿意娶她的。
二、不定式进行式的用法1. 表示同时进行即表示与谓语动作同时发生且正在进行的动作。
如:He seemsto be follow ing us. 他似乎在跟着我们。
He preten ded to be lookin g for a book. 他假装在找书。
I happen ed to be lookin g out of the window when they arrive d. 他们到达时我碰巧正向窗外望去。
不定式知识点归纳总结
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不定式知识点归纳总结一、不定式的构成不定式是动词的一种形式,由“to + 动词原形”构成。
例如:to be, to do, to go等。
二、不定式的用法1. 作主语例句:To study hard is important for students.翻译:努力学习对学生来说是很重要的。
2. 作宾语例句:I want to learn English.翻译:我想学英语。
3. 作宾语补足语例句:She asked me to help her.翻译:她要求我帮助她。
4. 作表语例句:Her dream is to become a doctor.翻译:她的梦想是成为一名医生。
5. 作定语例句:There is a lot of work to do.翻译:有很多工作要做。
6. 作状语例句:He came here to see you.翻译:他来这里是为了见你。
7. 用在and, but, or连接两个不定式例句:I want to learn English and to improve my speaking skills.翻译:我想学英语,还想提高口语能力。
8. 与形容词和副词连用例句:I'm happy to meet you.翻译:见到你我很高兴。
9. 用在名词前表示目的,结果等例句:He gave us some advice to help us study better. 翻译:他给了我们一些建议,帮助我们更好地学习。
三、不定式的特殊用法1. with + 宾语 + 不定式例句:He left me with nothing to say.翻译:他让我无话可说。
2. for + 宾语 + to 不定式例句:We have a lot of work for you to do.翻译:我们有很多工作需要你做。
3. 不定式的被动形式例句:The book is difficult to finish.翻译:这本书难以完成。
英语动词不定式的完成体解读
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英语动词不定式的完成体解读动词不定式的时态上可分为三种,即:一般式to do,to be done;进行式to be doing;完成式to have done,to have been done;完成进行式to have been doing。
下面谈谈不定式的完成体。
一、动词不定式的完成体(1)如果不定式表示的动作是瞬间动作时,它表示一个在现在或过去某时之前已经完成的动作;如果是延续性动词,它表示一个一直持续到现在或过去某时的动作。
A.常见的可接不定式的完成体的有:happen,see,appear,prove,pretend,seem等。
例如:They seem to have experienced a destructive earthquake.他们似乎已经历了一场毁灭性的地震。
(表示事情已经发生)My grandmother appeared to have lived a happy life.我奶奶似乎一直过得很幸福。
(她的幸福生活一直持续到现在)B.常见的可用于“主语 + be said + to have done/been”,相当于主动句“People say that ...”,类似的结构有:be reported /thought/supposed/expected/believed/c onsidered/known等。
例如:Her husband is said to have given up smoking.据说她丈夫已经戒烟了。
(戒烟发生在“据说”之前)The young girl is reported to have served the club for five years.据说那个小姑娘已经在这个俱乐部服役五年了。
(不定式表示谓语动作所处的状态)C.常见的可以接不定式完成体的形容词有:glad,happy,sad,disappointed,satis fied,sorry,surprised等。
高中英语:非谓语动词考点全总结!含义+用法+例题讲解
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高中英语:非谓语动词考点全总结!含义+用法+例题讲解,三合一教会你!非谓语动词的含义非谓语动词首先是一种动词形式,其次是这种动词形式不能做谓语,综合这两点,我们将其叫做非谓语动词。
非谓语动词的形式非谓语动词包含四种形式,即不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。
其中,每种形式按照发生时间和主被动又包括不同的子形式。
具体如下:1. 不定式①基本形式:to do(表示主动,并且一般表示将来)②被动式:to be done(表示被动,并且一般表示将来)③进行式:to be doing (表示主动和进行)④完成时:to have done(表示主动和完成)⑤完成被动式:to have been done(表示被动和完成)⑥完成进行式:to have been doing (表示主动和完成进行)The teacher told us to do morning exercises. 老师让我们做早操。
The car to be bought is for his sister.要买的这辆车是给他的姐姐的。
She pretended to be reading when the teacher came into the classroom.老师进来时,她假装正在读书。
The thief is said to have escaped.据说小偷已经逃跑了。
The thief is said to have been arrested.据说小偷已经被抓住了。
She is said to have been working in the factory over the last 20 years.据说在过去的20年里,她一直在这家工厂工作。
2. 动名词①基本形式:doing (表示主动)②被动式:being done(表示被动)③完成式:having done(表示主动和完成)④完成被动式:having been done(表示被动和完成)Travelling in space by ordinary people will be common in the future.在未来,普通人在太空旅行将会是普遍的事情。
高中英语语法:非谓语复习之to do用法大全
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非谓语动词及To do在英语中,不做句子谓语,而是担任其他语法功能的动词叫非谓语动词。
有3种,动词不定式、动名词和分词(含现在分词和过去分词),另外,动名词和现在分词统称为-ing形式。
它们在句中的作用,以及各自的时态和语态见下表:非谓语动词在句中的作用非谓语动词的时态和语态动词不定式动词不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式,在句中不能单独作谓语。
动词不定式具有动词的性质,它可以有自己的宾语和状语,从而构成动词不定式短语。
它还可以有形式的变化,即一般式、进行式、完成式和被动式。
同时,动词不定式也具有非动词的性质,相当于一个名词、形容词或副词,可以在句中担任主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语和状语。
一、动词不定式的特征和种类动词不定式是由不定式符号to+动词原形构成,在某些情况下to也可省略。
(一)不定式的一般式不定式的一般式表示的动作通常与主要谓语的动作同时或几乎同时发生,或是在它之后发生。
He appears to be very happy.他看起来好像很高兴。
(同时发生)To catch the train, we'd better hurry to the station by taxi.为了赶上火车,我们最好赶紧乘出租车去车站。
(to catch the train发生在hurry to the station之后)(二)不定式的进行式不定式的进行式表示正在进行的或与谓语动词同时发生的动作。
It happened to be raining when I got there.我到达那里的时候,天碰巧在下雨。
I'm glad to be traveling with you.我很高兴和你一起旅游。
(三)不定式的完成式不定式的完成式表示的动作在谓语表示的动作之前发生。
I'm sorry to have lost your key.我很抱歉把你的钥匙弄丢了。
I meant to have finished my work last night, but I didn't feel very well.我本来想昨晚完成工作的,但是我感觉身体不舒服。
完成时的句子to have done
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以下是使用“to have done”结构的完成时态句子:1. By this time tomorrow, I hope to have finished all my work.翻译:到明天这个时候,我希望已经完成了我所有的工作。
2. They didn't realize they were supposed to have arrived early for the meeting.翻译:他们没有意识到他们本应该早到会议。
3. She has been told several times to have her passport ready before traveling.翻译:她已经被告知多次旅行前要准备好护照。
4. The team is expected to have completed the project by the end of the month.翻译:预计团队将在月底前完成项目。
5. He was disappointed not to have received any feedback on his proposal.翻译:他对于他的提案没有收到任何反馈感到失望。
6. We need to have submitted our tax returns before the deadline.翻译:我们需要在截止日期前提交我们的纳税申报表。
7. I thought you were going to have called me back by now.翻译:我以为你现在会给我回电话。
8. They should have realized by now that their approach was flawed.翻译:他们现在应该已经意识到他们的方法是有缺陷的。
9. By the end of next week, the factory is expected to have produced 1,000 units.翻译:到下周末,工厂预计将生产出1000个单位。
中考英语专题:非谓语动词用法详解
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中考英语专题:非谓语动词用法详解非谓语动词的含义非谓语动词首先是一种动词形式,其次是这种动词形式不能做谓语,综合这两点,我们将其叫做非谓语动词。
非谓语动词的形式非谓语动词包含四种形式,即不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。
其中,每种形式按照发生时间和主被动又包括不同的子形式。
具体如下:1. 不定式①基本形式:to do(表示主动,并且一般表示将来)②被动式:to be done(表示被动,并且一般表示将来)③进行式:to be doing (表示主动和进行)④完成时:to have done(表示主动和完成)⑤完成被动式:to have been done(表示被动和完成)⑥完成进行式:to have been doing (表示主动和完成进行)The teacher told us to do morning exercises.老师让我们做早操。
The car to be bought is for his sister.要买的这辆车是给他的姐姐的。
She pretended to be reading when the teacher came into the classroom. 老师进来时,她假装正在读书。
The thief is said to have escaped.据说小偷已经逃跑了。
The thief is said to have been arrested.据说小偷已经被抓住了。
She is said to have been working in the factory over the last 20 years.据说在过去的20年里,她一直在这家工厂工作。
2. 动名词①基本形式:doing (表示主动)②被动式:being done(表示被动)③完成式:having done(表示主动和完成)④完成被动式:having been done(表示被动和完成)Travelling in space by ordinary people will be common in the future.在未来,普通人在太空旅行将会是普遍的事情。
高中英语语法非谓语动词详解
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高中英语语法非谓语动词详解高中英语语法非谓语动词详解在高级英语语法中,非谓语动词是非常重要的一部分,也是理解和掌握英语语法的关键。
非谓语动词在句子中扮演着重要的角色,可以表达不同的意思和功能。
本文将详细解释非谓语动词的定义、类型和用法,并通过实例进行分析和解释。
一、定义和类型非谓语动词指的是在句子中不作为主要动词的动词形式,它们可以表达动词本身的含义,但没有主语和谓语动词。
非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动名词和分词三种类型。
1、动词不定式:动词不定式是以“to+”动词原形构成的,表示动词的不同形式,如“to do”、“to being”、“to have done”等。
2、动名词:动名词是在动词后加上“-ing”构成的,表示动词的现在分词形式,如“playing”、“swimming”、“jumping”等。
3、分词:分词是动词的过去分词形式,分为现在分词和过去分词两种。
现在分词表示动词的动作正在进行,如“running”、“singing”、“dancing”等;过去分词表示动词的动作已经完成,如“finished”、“eaten”、“read”等。
二、非谓语动词的用法非谓语动词在句子中可以扮演不同的成分,如主语、宾语、状语等。
下面我们通过具体的例子来分析非谓语动词的用法:1、动词不定式:在句子中,动词不定式可以作为主语、宾语和状语等。
例如,“To learn English is important”(学习英语很重要)中,动词不定式“to learn English”作为主语;或者在“I want to go home”(我想回家)中,动词不定式“to go home”作为宾语。
2、动名词:在句子中,动名词可以作为主语、宾语和状语等。
例如,“Playing sports is fun”(做运动很有趣)中,动名词“Playing sports”作为主语;或者在“I enjoy listening to music”(我喜欢听音乐)中,动名词“listening to music”作为宾语。
动词不定式和动名词的用法
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非谓语动词不定式(infinitive)1.不定式的用法不定式的基本形式为“to do”, 在句中不单独作谓语;本身具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,在句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补足语。
(1) 作主语:例:To see is to believe. 眼见为实。
To grasp English in a short time is not easy.在短时间内掌握英语不容易。
注意:为保持句子平衡,可用“it”作形式主语,而将真正主语动词不定式放在后边,句型为:It is /was…to do sth.例:It is not easy to grasp English in a short time.在短时间内掌握英语是不容易的。
It was important for him to solve the problem then.当时对于他来说,解决这个问题是重要的。
(2) 作宾语:多在单宾语及物动词后用作宾语,有时也可用在某些复合宾语及物动词及个别双宾语及物动词后。
例:I want to have a walk after supper.晚饭后我想去散步。
He considered it his duty to support his family.他认为支撑他的家庭是他的责任。
She doesn’t know how to run the machine.她不知道如何操作这台机器。
不定式作宾语的结构为:及物动词+ to do. 动词常用:advise, agree, ask, begin, continue, decide, expect, forget, hope, learn, like, manage, mean, pretend, start, try, want, wish等。
(3) 作表语:联系动词一般都是be。
例:Our duty is to clean the office and the windows in it.我们的责任是打扫办公室以及把办公室里的窗户擦干净。
不定式完成式tohavedone用法
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不定式完成式tohavedone用法情态动词+have done用法1. Something may have happened to her.她可能发生了什么事情。
She might have had an accident.她或许遭受了意外.So she must have taken that too.因此,她肯定把它也带走了。
1) 这三句话都用了“情态动词+不定式的完成时”,表示对发生过的事作某种猜测、推测。
(1) must have done 可用来对某件过去的事情作肯定推测,表示“一定已经,想必已经”做过某事,用于肯定的陈述句中。
否定句中用can't have done。
She must have received the parcel, I sent it by registered post.她一定已经收到包裹了,我是用挂号寄的。
(2) may have done, might have done, could hav e done “可能做过某事”,就语气而言could have done 所表的可能性更小些。
He may / might / could have left by nine.他可能于九点前已离去。
(3) should have done / ought to have done表示“本该做某事”但实际未做。
I should / ought to have left London before nine but I didn't.我本该在九点以前离开伦敦,但是我没有。
(4) shouldn't have done / oughtn't to have done 表示“本不该做事”,但实际上又做了。
He shouldn't / oughtn't to have left London before nine but he did.他本不该在九点前离开伦敦,但是他离开了。
不定式的时态语态 [不定式的时态和语态总结归纳]
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不定式的时态语态[不定式的时态和语态总结归纳] 小编给大家总结了不定式的时态和语态,希望对大家的英语学习有帮助。
不定式的时态和语态:时态\语态主动被动一般式to do to be done进行式to be doing完成式to have done to have been done完成进行式to have been doing不定式的用法:1) 现在时:一般现在时表示的动词,有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生,有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。
He seems to know this.I hope to see you again. = I hope that I'll see you again.我希望再见到你。
2) 完成时:表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。
I'm sorry to have given you so much trouble.He seems to have caught a cold.3) 进行时:表示动作正在进行,与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。
He seems to be eating something.4) 完成进行时:She is known to have been wreaking on the problem for many years.单项选择:( )1. The teacher told them ________ make so much noise.A. don’tB. notC. will notD. not to( )2. My mother often tells me _______so many mistakes.A. not to makeB. to not makeC. don’t makeD. not make( )3. Tell him _______ the window.A. to shut (关)notB. not to shutC. to not shutD. not shut( )4. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him ______. A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to( )5. Mrs Smith warned(警告) her daughter ________ after drinking.A. never to driveB. to never driveC. never drivingD. never drive( ) 6. The doctor asked the patient ____rich food after the operation(手术).A. to eat notB. eating notC. not to eatD. not eating( )7. The workers want us ________ together with them.A. workB. workingC. to workD. worked( )8. I saw him _______ out of the room.A. goB. wentC.is goingD. goes( )9. He often makes his little sister _____,A. cryB. cryingC. criedD. to cry( )10 There’re so many kinds of new bikes on sale that I can’t make up my mind _____ to buy.A. whatB. whichC. howD. where( )11. He can’t decide ______ to stay or not.A. whetherB. ifC. eitherD. if he will( )12. --- The light in the office is still on. --- Oh, I forgot _______.A. turning it offB. turn it offC. to turn it offD. turned it off( )13. We agreed _________ here.A. metB. meetingC. to meetD. meet( )14. Frank is the kind of person who people like to ________.A. make friend withB. make friends ofC. make friendsD. make friends with ( )15. Go on ________ the other exercise after you finishthis one.A. to doB. doingC.doesD. did( )16. She reached the top of the hill and stopped _______ on a big rockA. restedB. restingC. to restD. rest( )17. Tom kept quiet about the accident because he was afraid of____ his job.A. loseB. to loseC. losingD. lost( )18. I need a day or two ________.A. to think it overB. to think overC. of thinking( )19. He was too excited _________.A. speakB. to speakC. not to speakD. speaking( ) 20. I’m hungry. Get me something _________.A. eatB. to eatC. eatingD. for eating( )21. --- I usually go there by train.--- Why not _______ by boat for a change ?A. to try goingB. trying to goC. to try and goD. try going( )22. I asked him to _______ me a few minutes so that we could go over all the problems.A. spendB. spareC. saveD. share( )23. They won’t let his mother _______him in that way.A. to treatB. treatedC. treatD. treats( )24. I’m sorry I forgot ______your dictionary. Let’s borrow one from Li Ming. A. to take B. taking C. to bring D. bringing( ) 25. She couldn’t decide which restaurant _______.A. to have lunchB. to eatC. to eat atD. eating at( ) 26. Don’t forget _________ the letter .A. to sendB. sendC. sendingD. sent( )27. The chair looks very old, I want a new one _________ .A. sitB.to sit onC. satD.sit on( )28. Is ______ necessary to return the book tomorrow ?A. thisB. thatC. itD. which( )29. I’m afraid they would not allow(允许) him ________ here .A. to smokeB. smokingC. smokesD. smoke( )30. Mother told me ________ the water before I drank it .A. boilingB. boiledC. boilD. to boil( )31. On my way home , I stopped _______ some food .A. buyB. to buyC. buyingD. bought。
2024年初中英语时态学习之非谓语动词的重点
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2024年初中英语时态学习之非谓语动词的重点非谓语动词的含义非谓语动词首先是一种动词形式,其次是这种动词形式不能做谓语,综合这两点,我们将其叫做非谓语动词。
非谓语动词的形式非谓语动词包含四种形式,即不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。
其中,每种形式按照发生时间和主被动又包括不同的子形式。
具体如下:非谓语动词是英语语法中的一个重要概念,它包括动名词、现在分词、过去分词和不定式等。
在句子中,非谓语动词通常不是谓语动词,而是作为主语、宾语、定语或状语等成分出现。
非谓语动词的四种形式如下:不定式:to+动词原形(表示目的)+其他成分(如主语、宾语、定语等)。
例如:I want to go to the movies.(我想去看电影)动名词:动名词是由动词变化而来,可以表示一种动作或状态。
动名词可以作为主语、宾语、表语或定语等成分出现。
例如:I enjoy playing soccer.(我喜欢踢足球)现在分词:现在分词是由动词变化而来,可以表示正在进行的动作。
现在分词可以作为主语、宾语、表语或定语等成分出现。
例如:She is studying for her exam.(她在为考试学习)过去分词:过去分词是由动词变化而来,可以表示已经完成的动作。
过去分词可以作为主语、宾语、表语或定语等成分出现。
例如:He has finished his homework.(他已经做完了作业)需要注意的是,每种形式的子形式也不同。
例如,不定式的完成时态为to have done,动名词的完成时态为had done,现在分词的完成时态为had been doing,过去分词的完成时态为had been done。
因此,在使用时需要根据具体情况选择相应的形式。
非谓语动词的语法非谓语动词除去不能做谓语之外,其它所有成分都可以做。
具体如下。
1. 不定式:做主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语。
不定式是英语中的一种非谓语动词形式,它通常由to+动词原形构成。
最新英语高考非谓语动词重点语法
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最新英语高考非谓语动词重点语法非谓语动词的含义非谓语动词首先是一种动词形式,其次是这种动词形式不能做谓语,综合这两点,我们将其叫做非谓语动词。
非谓语动词的形式非谓语动词包含四种形式,即不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。
其中,每种形式按照发生时间和主被动又包括不同的子形式。
具体如下:1. 不定式①基本形式:to do(表示主动,并且一般表示将来)②被动式:to be done(表示被动,并且一般表示将来)③进行式:to be doing (表示主动和进行)④完成时:to have done(表示主动和完成)⑤完成被动式:to have been done(表示被动和完成)⑥完成进行式:to have been doing (表示主动和完成进行)The teacher told us to do morning exercises. 老师让我们做早操。
The car to be bought is for his sister. 要买的这辆车是给他的姐姐的。
She pretended to be reading when the teacher came into the classroom. 老师进来时,她假装正在读书。
The thief is said to have escaped. 据说小偷已经逃跑了。
The thief is said to have been arrested. 据说小偷已经被抓住了。
She is said to have been working in the factory over the last 20 years. 据说在过去的20年里,她一直在这家工厂工作。
2. 动名词①基本形式:doing (表示主动)②被动式:being done(表示被动)③完成式:having done(表示主动和完成)④完成被动式:having been done(表示被动和完成)Travelling in space by ordinary people will be common in the future. 在未来,普通人在太空旅行将会是普遍的事情。
不定式的用法教师版
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不定式的用法教师版一、不定式的时态和语态很抱歉让你等了那么长时间。
I'm sorry to have kept you waiting so long.很高兴和你一起共事。
I am very glad to be working with you.被给予机会在会上发言我感到荣幸。
I think it's an honor to have been given a chance to speak at the meeting.二、不定式的句法功能1.不定式作主语(1)不定式作主语可以用于句首像那样做是愚蠢的。
To act like that is foolish.(2) 不定式作主语也可以用it 作形式主语,把真正的主语不定式短语置于句末。
并常用于以下句式中:①It+be+名词+to do照顾老人是我们的职责。
It's our duty to take good care of the old.②It takes sb+some time+to do你花了多久完成这个工作?How long did it take you to finish the work?③It+be+形容词+for sb+to do你抽这么多烟对身体很不好。
It is not good for you to smoke so much.注:在句型③中,常用表示客观情况的形容词,如:easy, difficult, hard, important, possible, impossible, comfortable, necessary, better;the first, the next, the last, the best, too much, too little, not enough④It+be+形容词+of sb+to do把老师说的一切都记下来是不明智的。
It is stupid of you to write down everything the teacher says.注:在句型④中,常用careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise rude, clever, foolish, thoughtful, thoughtless , brave, considerate, selfish等表示赞扬或批评的词。
高中英语语法:非谓语动词总结-大全
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高中英语语法:非谓语动词总结-大全非谓语动词的含义非谓语动词首先是一种动词形式,其次是这种动词形式不能做谓语,综合这两点,我们将其叫做非谓语动词。
非谓语动词的形式非谓语动词包含四种形式,即不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。
其中,每种形式按照发生时间和主被动又包括不同的子形式。
具体如下:1. 不定式①基本形式:to do(表示主动,并且一般表示将来)②被动式:to be done(表示被动,并且一般表示将来)③进行式:to be doing (表示主动和进行)④完成时:to have done(表示主动和完成)⑤完成被动式:to have been done(表示被动和完成)⑥完成进行式:to have been doing (表示主动和完成进行)The teacher told us to do morning exercises. 老师让我们做早操。
The car to be bought is for his sister. 要买的这辆车是给他的姐姐的。
She pretended to be reading when the teacher came into the classroom. 老师进来时,她假装正在读书。
The thief is said to have escaped. 据说小偷已经逃跑了。
The thief is said to have been arrested. 据说小偷已经被抓住了。
She is said to have been working in the factory over the last 20 years. 据说在过去的20年里,她一直在这家工厂工作。
2. 动名词①基本形式:doing (表示主动)②被动式:being done(表示被动)③完成式:having done(表示主动和完成)④完成被动式:having been done(表示被动和完成)Travelling in space by ordinary people will be common in the future. 在未来,普通人在太空旅行将会是普遍的事情。
be to have done的用法
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be to have done的用法be to have done的用法be to have done是一个英语语法结构,它由助动词be和不定式have done组成。
在英语中,这个结构通常表示过去某个时间点或将来某个时间点之前完成的动作或事件。
一、表示将来完成时1.1 表示计划或安排be to have done可以用于表示将来某个时间点之前已经计划或安排好的事情。
例如:- I am to have finished the report by tomorrow afternoon.- They are to have completed the project by next week.1.2 表示预测be to have done还可以用于表示将来某个时间点之前预测会发生的事情。
例如:- The weather forecast says it is to have rained by this time tomorrow.- He is to have won the game by the end of this season.二、表示过去完成时2.1 表示过去某个时间点之前完成的动作或事件be to have done也可以用于表示过去某个时间点之前已经完成的动作或事件。
例如:- He was to have finished his homework before he went out.- They were to have arrived at the airport by 9 o'clock last night.2.2 表示本应该完成但未能完成的事情此外,be to have done还可以用于表示本应该在过去完成但未能完成的事情。
例如:- She was supposed to be here an hour ago. She was to have arrived at 10 o'clock.- They were supposed to have finished the project last week,but they didn't.三、其他用法除了上述用法,be to have done还可以在其他语境中使用,例如:3.1 表示强调be to have done可以用于强调某个动作或事件已经完成。
非谓语to have done用法
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非谓语to have done用法非谓语是英语语法中的一个重要部分,它包括动词不定式、动名词和分词三种形式。
在三种形式中,动词不定式中的to have done 是一种常见的表达方式,本文将详细讲解它的用法。
一、to have done的构成to have done是由to+have+过去分词构成的。
其中,to是不定式符号,have是情态助动词,表示完成的状态,done是过去分词,表示完成的动作。
例如:I am glad to have finished my homework.(我很高兴完成了我的作业。
)He seems to have forgotten his promise.(他似乎忘记了他的承诺。
)二、to have done的用法1. 表示已经完成的动作to have done常用于表示已经完成的动作,这时它一般放在句子的谓语动词之前,用于修饰主语。
例如:She seems to have lost her keys.(她似乎丢了她的钥匙。
)I am happy to have met you.(我很高兴遇见你。
)2. 表示过去发生的事情对现在的影响to have done还可以表示过去发生的事情对现在的影响,这时它常用于现在完成时的句子中。
例如:He is happy to have learned English.(他很高兴学会了英语。
) I am proud to have served my country.(我为为国家服务而感到自豪。
)3. 表示假设的情况to have done也可以用于表示假设的情况,这时它一般放在if 从句中,表示过去的动作对现在的影响。
例如:If I had known it earlier, I would not have made such a mistake.(如果我早知道,我就不会犯这样的错误了。
)If he had listened to me, he would not have failed the exam.(如果他听了我的话,他就不会考试失败了。
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情态动词+have done用法1. Something may have happened to her.她可能发生了什么事情。
She might have had an accident.她或许遭受了意外.So she must have taken that too.因此,她肯定把它也带走了。
1) 这三句话都用了“情态动词+不定式的完成时”,表示对发生过的事作某种猜测、推测。
(1) must have done 可用来对某件过去的事情作肯定推测,表示“一定已经,想必已经”做过某事,用于肯定的陈述句中。
否定句中用can't have done。
She must have received the parcel, I sent it by registered post.她一定已经收到包裹了,我是用挂号寄的。
(2) may have done, might have done, could have done “可能做过某事”,就语气而言could have done 所表的可能性更小些。
He may / might / could have left by nine.他可能于九点前已离去。
(3) should have done / ought to have done表示“本该做某事”但实际未做。
I should / ought to have left London before nine but I didn't.我本该在九点以前离开伦敦,但是我没有。
(4) shouldn't have done / oughtn't to have done 表示“本不该做事”,但实际上又做了。
He shouldn't / oughtn't to have left London before nine but he did.他本不该在九点前离开伦敦,但是他离开了。
(5) can't / couldn't have done 表否定推测,“不可能做过某事”。
She can't / couldn't have gone to bed, for the light in her room is still on.她不可能上床睡觉了,因为她房间的灯还亮着。
(6) could have done 可表示客观上“本来能做某事但实际上没做”。
He could have finished the work in time but he didn't work hard.他本来可以按时干完活的,但他没有卖力。
(7) needn't have done 表示客观上“本不必做某事但实际上又做了”。
I needn't have gone to the office yesterday (but I went there).昨天我没必要去办公室(但我却去了)。
(8) might have done 还可表示过去“本可能发生但实际上没有发生的动作”。
用于表示说话人对已发生的事提出批评或意见。
He might have given more help, even though he was very busy.即使他很忙,也可以多帮点忙。
情态动词+ 动词完成式即“情态动词+ 动词完成式即“情态动词+ have + done”,表示对过去行为或动作进行推测、评论或判断。
这个结构是近几年高考情态动词的重点和难点。
一、在虚拟语气中的用法1. should have done 表示“过去本应该做某事却未做。
”其否定结构shouldn't have done 表示“过去本不该做某事却做了。
”2. ought to have done 表示“过去本应该做某事却未做。
”其否定结构oughtn't to have done 表示“过去本不该做某事却做了。
”3. need have done 表示“过去本有必要做某事却未做。
”其否定结构needn't have done 表示“过去本没必要做某事却做了。
”4. could (不能用can) have done 表示“过去本能够做某事却未做。
”注意:其否定形式couldn't have done 没有虚拟语气的用法,couldn't have done 只能表推测,相当于can't have done,意为:“过去不可能做了某事。
”5. might (不能用may) have done 表示“过去本可以做某事却未做。
”注意:其否定形式might not have done 没有虚拟语气的用法,might not have done 只能表推测,相当于may not have done,意为:“过去可能没有做某事。
”二、表推测的用法1. must have done表示对过去某事的肯定猜测,译为:过去肯定做了某事。
不存在mustn't have done 的形式。
其否定或疑问形式须用can(could) 来表示. 例如:Since the road is wet, it must have rained last night. 既然路是湿的,那昨天晚上肯定下雨了。
He can't have missed the way. I drew him a map. 他不可能迷路。
我(当时)给他画了张图。
“The dictionary has disappeared. Who could have taken it?”词典不见了,(过去)谁可能把它拿走了?2. may / might have donemay / might have done 表示“过去可能做了某事”。
may 比might表示的可能性在说话人看来稍大些。
may/might not have done表示“过去可能没有做某事。
”例如:I can't find my keys.I may / might have left them at the school yesterday. 我找不到我的钥匙了。
我可能昨天把他们落在学校了。
John may/might not have passed the exam; he looks very sad.约翰可能没有通过考试。
他看起来很忧伤。
注意:may/might have done表推测不能用于疑问句中。
3. can/could have done 表推测一般用在否定句和疑问句中,表示不相信或怀疑的态度。
Can/Could he have passed the exam?他可能通过了考试吗?I think that he couldn’t/can't have gone abroad. I saw him just now.我认为他不可能出国了。
我刚才还看见他了。
注:表示推测过去某动作发生的可能性时,就表示的可能性程度而言,must 最大,could 其次,may 更次之,might 最小。
例如:“I wonder how Tom knew about your past.”“我想知道汤姆是怎么知道你的过去的。
”“He must / could / may / might have heard of it from Mary.”“他肯定/很可能/可能/兴许(没准儿)已从玛丽那儿听说此事了。
”高考“情态动词+have done”考点解析安徽省萧县中学梁静渊“情态动词+have done”结构是高考重要考点,也是较难掌握的语法项目之一,为了帮助同学们更好地掌握使用这一考点,下面结合近年高考试题谈谈其主要用法。
考点之一:在虚拟条件句中,如果表示与过去事实相反的情况,从句中用过去完成时,而主句中则用“情态动词+现在完成时”,即:would/ could/ should/ might have done。
例如:If they had finished the work on time, they would have been praised by the manager.If you had worked hard, you could have passed the examination.高考题分析:1. If it ___ for the snow, we ___ the mountain yesterday. ( MET91)A. were not; could have climbedB. were not; couldC. had not been; could have climbedD. had not been; could climb2. --- I stayed at a hotel while in New York. --- Oh, did you? You ___ with Barbara. (NMET98)A. could have stayB. could stayC. would stayD. must have stay3. Yesterday Jane walked away for discussion, otherwise, she ___ something she would regret later.( 96上海)A. had saidB. saidC. might sayD. might have said答案简析:1. 根据信息词yesterday可以判断该句是表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句,从句中应该用“情态动词+现在完成时”,故答案选C。
2. 本句是一个含蓄虚拟条件句,意思是:If you hadn’t stay at a hotel while in New York, you could have stayed with Barbara. 表达了与过去事实相反的情况,答案选A。
3. 本句考查的也是含蓄虚拟语气,意思是:如果她参加了讨论,她可能会说出一些后来令她后悔的话。
表达了与过去事实相反的情况,故答案选D。
考点之二:must have done表示对过去已经发生过的情况的肯定推测判断,语气较强,意思是“一定……、肯定……”。
其否定形式分别用can’t/ couldn’t 和can/ could。
例如:It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet this morning.昨天晚上一定是下雨了,因为今晨地面是潮湿的。
She didn’t attend the lesson yesterday. She must have been ill.她昨天没有上课,她一定是生病了。