初高中英语衔接导学案---句子成分
初中高中英语衔接课 - 句子成分
The weather has turned hot. The speech is exciting. It looks interesting.
predicative
（五）定语：修饰 修饰名词、代词的成分
限定 称为定语。用于限定名词的性质 ,特征, 数量,状态,类别等内容. 翻译成“…的” Two maps Two large new maps Two large new maps of the world. 两张 大的 新的 世界的 地图 China is a developing country. There are thirty women teachers in our school. attribute
subject
（二）谓语：用于说明主语的动作,状
态，特征等内容,一般紧跟主语后面。谓 语由动词(包括be动词)，动词词组（及其 各种语态和时态）构成。例如： He opens the door. You may keep the book for two weeks.
He has caught a bad cold. She was reading a book. predicate
sentence elements
定义: 组成句子的各个组成部分叫 句子的成分:
主语,谓语, 宾语,表语,
定语,状语,补语
（一）主语：句子说明的主体和对象。一般 位于句首。最常见由名词、代词充当，例如：
Our English teacher likes singing. We often speak English in class.
object complement
状语种类如下：
We meet at six?
时间状语
第一讲句子的成分导学案初升高英语衔接课程
句子的成分一：发现问题I saw my dear students smiling in the classroom and I was very happy.这句话中包含哪些句子成分？你能一一找出来吗？二：句子成分组成句子的各个部分叫作句子成分。
英语的句子成分和中文的句子成分大致相同，可分为：主语，谓语，宾语，表语，定语，状语，宾语补语。
主语思考：下列每个句子的主语是什么？句子主语位置一般在哪？句子主语表示什么功能呢？哪些词可以充当主语？Lily likes her new bike. 莉莉喜欢她的新自行车。
He gets up early every day. 他每天都起得很早。
Smoking can cause cancer. 吸烟有害健康。
To learn English well is not easy. 学好英语不容易。
归纳总结：主语是句子的核心成分之一，相对来说变化较少，通常位于。
主语表明句子所谈的是：“”或“”，主语常用、、或等充当。
谓语思考：下列每个句子的谓语是什么？哪些词可以充当谓语？只有动词可以充当谓语吗？We work hard.我们努力工作。
The boy caught a bird. 那个男孩逮住一只鸟。
He is my father. 他是我父亲。
They all look fine. 他们都很好。
归纳总结：说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”，英语中谓语只能用充当。
例如：⚠️：谓语和主语在和方面必须保持一致。
例如：I am reading. You are reading. He\She is reading. We are reading.动词可分为实意动词和系动词，你能分别举例吗？英语中的系动词：她似乎是为了感官上变得好看才保持好身材的。
宾语思考1：下列每个句子的宾语是什么？宾语位置一般在哪？是在句子末尾吗？哪些词可以充当宾语？Tom bought a storybook.（名词）汤姆买了一本故事书。
初中升高中英语语法知识衔接 专题一 英语句子成分
专题一英语句子成分一、定义构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。
句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。
1．主语(The Subject)主语是一个句子叙述的主体，说明句子讲的是谁或者是什么情况。
能够充当主语的词通常有名词、代词、数词、不定式、动词ing形式等，也可由从句来作主语。
To say it is one thing；to do it is another.说是一回事；做是另一回事。
(不定式作主语)What we can't get seems better than what we have.我们得不到的似乎比我们拥有的更好。
(从句作主语)2．谓语(The Predicate)谓语一般放在主语之后，用来说明主语的动作、特征、行为或存在的状语。
谓语通常由动词或短语动词来充当，具有各种时态、语态和语气的变化，前面还可以加上助动词或情态动词等。
The room can hold twenty people.这屋子可容下20个人。
My legs gave out after the long trip.长途跋涉后我的腿筋疲力尽了。
3．表语(The Predicative)表语用来表述主语的特征、状态、身份等，一般跟在连系动词之后，一起构成系表结构。
可以用作表语的有名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、非谓语动词、介词短语、从句等。
He is a light eater but a heavy sleeper.他这人饭吃得少却很能睡。
Keep still while I photograph you.我在给你照相时你不要动。
That's where I was born.那就是我出生的地方。
4．宾语(The Object )宾语在句中充当动作的承受者，一般位于及物动词之后，表明行为动作的支配对象。
可以充当宾语的有名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动词ing 形式或从句等。
初高中英语衔接：句子的成分导学案(1)
英语衔接课程导学案1句子的成分(Members of the Sentence)一、找出下列句子中的相应成分：A.主语：I am fond of my sister but she has one serious shortcoming.No one knows for sure, and making predictions is a risky business.To find a best friend is difficult.What is even more unbelievable is the fact that some murderers are let out of prison after three or four years.结论：主语（Subject）是一个句子的主体，一般位于句首。
名词、______、数词、________、__________、__________等均可用作主语。
B.谓语：Later land animals appeared.I bought a ticket at a discount and rode the underground three times.The scene looks real.We don’t have to put up with pollution.It was too dark, and I couldn’t make out the words written on the wall.结论：谓语（Predicate）表述主语的_________和_________,一般位于主语之后，由动词或__________充当。
谓语动词可以出句子的__________和___________。
C.表语：My name is Jane. My ideal job is to be a journalist.Both speakers seemed very knowledgeable about the Internet.The whole class is here.The design of the room was in the fancy style popular in those days.Her first delight was going to the Tower.This is how the story goes.结论：表语（Predicative）表示主语的_______、_________、_______等。
初升高暑期衔接新高一英语人教版提升课导学案第二讲句子成分
第二节句子的基本成分Ⅰ.基础知识回顾1.主语(subject)主语是说明谓语动词所表示的动作或状态的执行者，一般位于句首，而在there be句型、疑问句（当主语不是疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语常位于be动词、助动词、谓语动词或情态动词之后。
常用作主语的主要有名词、代词、数词、动名词、不定式、主语从句等。
2.谓语（predicate)谓语用于表示主语的动作或者表示主语具有的特征或状态，常位于主语之后。
常用作谓语的主要有动词和动词短语等。
3.宾语（objective）宾语用于表示动作涉及的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词或者介词之后。
常用作宾语的主要有名词、代词、数词、动名词、不定式、宾语从句等。
(1).双宾语概念：指“动词+间接宾语(往往指人)+直接宾语(往往指物)”Eg：My friend lends me his dictionary.(2).复合宾语概念：指“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”Eg：I found him very kind.4.宾语补足语对宾语进行补充说明的句子成分，一般放在宾语之后。
常用作宾补的有名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、现在分词、过去分词等。
5.表语表语用于说明主语的身份、特征、属性或状态等，常位于be、bee、get、keep、look、grow、seem、sound、turn等系动词之后。
常用作表语的主要有名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动名词、动词不定式、现在分词、过去分词、表语从句等。
6.定语定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，单词作定语时厂房在被修饰词之前，而短语或句子作定语时，往往放在被修饰词之后。
常用作定语的有名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动名词、动词不定式、现在分词、过去分词、定语从句等。
7.状语状语用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、其它状语或整个句子，说明动作或状态的特征，以及时间、地点、原因、目的等，其位置不固定。
初高中英语衔接--基本句型结构及句子成分 学案
基本句型结构及句子成分简单句：只存在一个主谓关系的句子，即一个主语部分和一个谓语部分组成。
并列句：当我们需要把几个意思连在一起时，可用标点符号或等立连词或连接副词把几个简单句连接成一个并列句。
它们之间的关系是同等的。
复合句：当一个句子由一个主句和一个从句构成时，这就是复合句。
复合句的主语往往可以独立存在，从句则只作一个句子成分。
五大基本句型一.主+ 谓（SV）这种句型中的谓语动词是不及物动词，没有直接宾语；但常带有状语。
1．她昨天回家很晚。
2．会议将持续两个小时。
二主+ 谓+ 宾（SVO）这一句型中的谓语动词是及物动词，那么它必须带有自己的宾语。
在英文中，当一个动词（包括单个动词和动词短语）作及物动词用时，它必须要有自己的宾语（除非是宾语在上下文里很明确地提到过，为避免不必要的重复，才会省去。
），否则会视为"句子不完整"。
1．昨晚我写了一封信。
2．今天下午我想同你谈谈。
3．这本书他读过多次了。
4．那位先生能流利地说三种语言。
三主+ 系+ 表（SVP）句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。
这类动词叫做(连)系动词。
1．冬季白天短，夜晚长2．十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。
3．孩子们很少保持安静。
4．她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。
5．他失业了。
6．树叶已经变黄了7．这个报告听起来很有意思四.主语+ 谓语+ 间接宾语+ 直接宾语（SVOO）此句型中的谓语动词后接两个宾语："间接宾语"多由代词或名词充当；"直接宾语"，往往由名词充当。
这类句型常有"给某人某物"、"送某人某物"、"留给某人某物"等意思。
1．Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。
2．奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。
3．请把那本字典递给我好吗？4．他把车票给列车员看。
初高中英语衔接导学案---句子成分
初高中英语衔接导学案第二节：句子成分【学习目标】学会划分成分句子（初级目标）；能书写出正确无误的句子（高级目标）【重点难点】重点：谓语；难点：状语【使用说明】1.请同学们在上课之前，提前完成【预学】案。
2.请同学们在上课之前，准备好红笔。
【预学】【预学内容】划分以下句子成分：1.We always work hard at English。
——————————————2. He said he didn"t come.———————————————3.They love each other.——————————4.What did you bye?————————5.She watched her daughter playing the piano. —————————————————————6.your job today is to help the old.——————- ———————7.Speaking doesn"t mean doing.————————————8.By the time I got to the station,the train had left. —————————————————————————【导学】英语句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。
句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有和；次要成分有（二）在下列例句中，用红线标出该种句子成分一、主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物。
The sun rises in the east. (名词) He likes dancing. (代词)Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词)Seeing is believing. (动名词)To see is to believe. (不定式)What he needs is a book. (主语从句)It is clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree(It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语)二、谓语（predicate）:说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
初升高英语衔接语法部分---句子成份,简单句,并列句,复合句
初高中英语衔接之语法基础第一节句子成分句子由句子成分组成。
句子成分主要分为主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。
一.主语Subject主语是一个句子所要说明的人和物,是句子的主体。
它一般位于句首,可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词以及主语从句等来充当。
请划出句子主语，并判断是什么成分做主语。
Knowledge is power.She is a small eater.Three will be enough for us.The injured _____ (send) to hospital at once when the accident happened .To see ___ to believe._____ (read) books is my hobby._______ (我们所需要的东西) is your help.改错1. Visit a museum excites teenagers.2. Disabled should be respected.3. Our school has taken place great changes.二、谓语Predicate谓语是用来说明主语的动作、状态或特征,一般放在主语之后。
谓语有以下几种基本情况1.由一个动词或动词词组构成,无论这个动词是何种时态、语态和语气。
Everything ____ (go) smoothly last month.Thousands of trees _______(plant) every year.They ______(finish) the work so far.They _________(swim) in the river now.2.情态动词+动词We must study English hard.Water can be dangerous.You can’t park here- it's a no parking area.That can’t be Tom-he is studying abroad.May I come in?I may go with you, but I'm not sureShe cried her eyes out. Something terrible must _____(happen).The experiment can _________ (complete) on time.3.连系动词+表语,说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份系动词的数量是有限的,常见的只有十来个,我们把它们分成四组,这样有助于我们记忆系动词。
初高中衔接句子成分和句子结构学案）
初高中衔接句子成分和句子结构学案）初高中衔接——句子成分和句子结构教学案Ⅰ、学习/教学目标：（让学生）掌握好英语中的句子成分为以后的语法教学做好充分准备Ⅱ、重难点：（教会）会分析主语、宾语、定语、状语、表、同位语这6大成分及从句。
Ⅲ、知识梳理：课前预习一、句子成份整体理解（一）定义：组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分类别：主要是有_______/_______/________/_________/________/_______ 六种，还有补语，同位语、插入语等1、谓语：即谓语动词。
说明主语的动作或状态，由动词或动词短语担任。
简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。
如：He practises running every morning. 复合谓语：由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形或动词的某种形式构成。
如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold.2、补语：补充说明主语或宾语的分别叫主补或宾补，由形容词名词、代词担任，请划出：We made him monitor. (He was made monitor by us.) ;We think it easy. We saw him enter the classroom just now. (He was seen to enter the classroom just now)3、插入语，对一句话作出附加性的解释。
（请背诵如下常见的插入语）To be honest ; To tell you the truth 坦白说In addition ；What’s more ；moreover；further more 另外，而且What’s worse ; Worse still ;To make things worse 更糟糕的是Eg;: To be honest , I don’t agree with you.She said she would go there alone, which ,I think, is unwise.学生预习自测感悟：我通过预习发现_________________________部分我掌握的不透彻。
初升高衔接——英语句子成分解析
英语句子成分解析1.主语(subject)2.谓语(predicate)3.宾语（object）4.表语（predicative）5.定语（attribute）6.状语（adverbial）7、补语（complement）8、同位语（appositive）主语(subject) 是一个句子的主题( theme), 是句子所述说的主体, 它的位置一般在一句之首, 可用作主语的有单词、短语、从句乃至句子。
1.Ou.maste.i.ver.kind.2.H.i..goo.boy.3.Teachin.the.Englis.i.he.job.4.T.wor.wit.the.i.ver.interesting指出下列句中的主语① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.② There is an old man coming here.③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.2.谓语(predicate) 或谓语动词(predicate verb) 的位置一般在主语之后。
谓语由简单动词或动词短语（助动词或情态动词＋主要动词）构成。
1. 由简单的动词构成。
(1).H.worke.har.al.da.today.(2).Th.plan.too.of.a.te.o’clock.2. 由动词短语构成的谓语.(1)..a.reading.(2).Yo.ca.d.i.i.yo.tr.hard.3．英语常用某些动作名词代替表动态的谓语动词，表生动。
这种动作名词之前常用没有多大意义的动词have.get.take.giv.等。
初高中英语衔接教学专题之英语句子成分
1.His father named him Dongming. （名词）
2.They painted their boat white. （形容词）
3.Let the fresh air in. （副词） 4.You mustn’t force him to lend his money
to you.（不定式短语）
6.His job is to teach English.（不定式） 7.His hobby is playing football.（动名词）
8.The meeting is of great importance. （介词短语） 9.Time is up. The class is over.（副词）
表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、数词、 副词、 不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语及表语从句 表示。例如：
1.Our teacher of English is an American. （名词） 2.Is it yours?（代词） 3.The weather has turned cold.（形容词） 4.The speech is exciting.（分词） 5.Three times seven is twenty one?（数词）
3）表像系动词用来表示“看起来像”这一概念， 主要有seem, appear, look, 例如： He seems (to be) very sad.
注意：系动词（Linking verb)用于连接主语和表 语，说明主语的状态，性质特征和身份等。
4）感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如： This kind of cloth feels very soft.
5）变化系动词表示主语变成什么样，主要有 become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run.例如： He became mad after that.
句子成分导学案初升高英语衔接课程
句子成分Part1: Introduction of members of sentence句子成分：组成句子的各个部分叫作句子成分。
英语的句子成分和中文的句子成分大致相同，可分为：主语，谓语，宾语，表语，定语，状语，宾语补语。
一、主语subject是一个句子所描述的主体，可以是人、物、事情;一般位于于句首;常用名词、代词、不定式、动名词、从句充当担任。
① Students study.② They are good friends.③ Three is enough.④ To see is to believe.⑤ Fishing is allowed.⑥ What he needs is a book.⑦ The rich should help the poor.思考：哪些词可以充当句子主语？_______________________________________________________________二、谓语predicate一般位于主语的后面；是用来说明主语做了一个什么动作，或者说明主语的行为或状态；常由动词或动词短语构成，可分为简单谓语和复合谓语。
① We love China.② She dances well.③The plane took off at 10 o’clock.①My sister is crying over there.②You must stay at home.③ He has caught a bad cold.④ She looks beautiful.思考：哪些词可以充当句子谓语？_______________________________________________________________三、宾语object表示谓语动作的对象，是谓语动作的承受者。
一般位于动词或动词短语之后。
介词后也会跟宾语。
① I like Music.② He often helps me.③ Give me four please.④ We have finished reading this book.⑤ He wants to dream a nice dream.⑥ I think you are right.⑦ I am interested in music.思考：哪些词可以充当句子宾语？_______________________________________________________________ 四、定语attributive“定”就是限定，对句子里的名词或代词起到修饰和限定的作用。
初高中英语衔接-句子成分
• 8. Lend me your dictionary, please.
• 9. They gave me some money. • 宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及
物动词（vt.）和介词（prep.）后面。
a, an, the in, on, at, behind, from and, but, if, or
感叹 词
表示说话时的感情或口气 interj.
oh, er, ough, um，ouch
名称 英语名称
用途
例词
句法作用
名词 n.（noun）
表示人或事物 的名称
代词
pron. （pronoun）
词性和句子成分
预备知识点一：词类概述 十大词类：
根据英语单词所表达的含义以及在句子中的作用，把英 语单词分为10个类别，即： 名词、代词、数词、动词、副词、形容词、冠词、
介词、连词、感叹词。
根据部分词类具有的共同特征，又将十大词类分为两大 部分，即：实词和虚词
实词：名词、代词、数词、动词、副词、形容词。
6. The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.
7. He is reading an article about how to learn English.
• 定语：1.修饰名词或代词，起限定，具体说明的作用 • 2. 在汉语中常用“….的”来表示。
主 谓语
宾语
定语
2. My brother hasn't done his homework.
主语
初升高英语衔接.(句子成分)
He is writing with a pen.
一) 挑出下列句中的宾语 ① My brother hasn't done his homework. ② People all over the world speak English. ④ How many new words did you learn last class? ⑤ Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you? ⑥ The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.
5主. To谓m lent m宾e 200 dollars. 定语
6.
I
主
saw
h谓im
宾
writing
宾a letter.
7.主I fi谓nd m宾aths di宾ffic补ult.
主谓
8. We call
宾her
Lily.
宾补
9.
主谓 宾
Father asked
me宾to补turn
off
状语
表语
Reading is useful.
To see is to believe.
what I told you is the truth.
They are good friends.
谓语：
• 谓语说明主语做什么，是什么，怎么样，由 简单动词或者动词短语构成．
They are teachers. She looks well. He studies hard. He laughed at his classmates. He can speak English. I am looking at you. I was beaten by my deskmate.
初高中英语衔接-句子成分
句子成分句子是由不同种类的单词按照一定的语法规则组合在一起，能表达一个完整意思的语言单位所构成。
组成句子的各个成分即是句子成分。
句子成分主要有八种，分别是主语、谓语、表语、宾语、(宾语和主语)补足语、定语、状语及同位语。
其中主语和谓语是句子的主要成分，其他成分，如表语和宾语等是句子的次要成分。
一、主语用来说明句子所说的是“什么人”或是“什么事物”，一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语充当。
二、谓语说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或者“怎么样”，谓语用动词。
谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两个方面必须一致。
三、表语表语表示主语的性质、特征、身份等。
表语要放在系动词之后与系动词一起作复合谓语。
四、宾语宾语表示动作的对象，是动作的承受者五、定语定语用来修饰名词或代词六、状语状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，通常表示行为发生的地点、时间、方式、程度等。
七、宾语补足语宾语补足语用来补充说明宾语的情况练习（一）.指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：•1. The students got on the school bus.•2. He handed me the newspaper.•3. I shall answer your question after class. •4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!•5. They went hunting together early in the morning. •6. His job is to train swimmers.•7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing. •8. There is going to be an American film tonight. •9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow. •10. His wish is to become a scientist.•11. He managed to finish the work in time.•12. Tom came to ask me for advice.•13. He found it important to master English.•14. Do you have anything else to say?•15. To be honest，your pronunciation is not so good.•16. Would you please tell me your address?•17. He sat there, reading a newspaper.•18. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.•19. He noticed a man enter the room.•20. The apples tasted sweet.指出下列诸句中画线部分是什么成分：1.On the left of my house is an old church.2. Why could the boiling point of water be lower at the top of a mountain?3. I am not going to work today.4. This thing is for peeling potatoes.5.What time will you arrive?6.The Genie promised that if anyone should come and set him free, he would make him very rich.7. What nationality are you?8. I couldn’t understand why he had decided to retire at 50.9. I am terribly confused by all this information.10. We had already reached 9000 feet by then.11. She reminded me to switch off all the lights.12. I’ll be able to pass my driving test after I have had a few lessons.13. I love swimming. It keeps me fit.14. It is obvious that money doesn’t grow on trees.(二)。
初高衔接英语句子成分教案
初高衔接英语句子成分教案教案标题：初高衔接英语句子成分教案教案目标：1. 理解英语句子成分的基本概念和分类；2. 掌握初高衔接阶段常见的英语句子成分；3. 能够正确识别和分析句子中的各个成分；4. 能够运用所学知识正确使用和构建句子。
教案步骤：步骤一：引入1. 引导学生回顾初中阶段所学的英语句子基本结构和成分；2. 提问学生对英语句子成分的了解程度，以激发学生的学习兴趣。
步骤二：讲解1. 介绍英语句子成分的基本概念，包括主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语；2. 分别讲解每个成分的定义、功能和常见表达方式；3. 通过例句和练习，引导学生理解和掌握各个成分的具体应用。
步骤三：实践1. 提供一些初高衔接阶段常见的句子，让学生分析句子中的各个成分；2. 引导学生讨论各个成分在句子中的作用和关系；3. 分组活动：要求学生根据所学知识构建新的句子，并在小组内互相检查和改进。
步骤四：巩固1. 给学生一些练习题，要求他们识别句子中的成分；2. 分享答案，让学生互相检查和纠正；3. 引导学生总结所学内容，强化对英语句子成分的理解和应用。
步骤五：拓展1. 提供一些拓展阅读材料，让学生运用所学知识分析和理解文章中的句子成分；2. 引导学生讨论句子成分在不同文章中的变化和差异；3. 鼓励学生尝试运用所学知识写作简单的段落或文章。
步骤六：总结1. 整理学生的学习成果，让他们总结所学知识和经验；2. 引导学生思考英语句子成分在日常生活和学习中的应用价值；3. 提醒学生继续巩固和拓展所学知识。
教案评估：1. 通过学生的参与度和回答问题的准确性，评估他们对英语句子成分的理解程度；2. 通过练习题和小组活动的表现，评估学生是否能够正确识别和分析句子中的各个成分；3. 通过拓展阅读和写作的表现，评估学生是否能够运用所学知识进行更复杂的语言表达。
教案扩展：1. 针对不同学生的学习需求，可以提供更多的练习题和拓展阅读材料；2. 可以引导学生进行口头表达和写作练习，要求他们运用所学知识构建更复杂的句子和段落；3. 可以组织学生进行小组或班级比赛，通过团队合作来巩固和拓展所学知识。
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初高中英语衔接导学案句子成分【学习目标】学会划分成分句子（初级目标）；能书写出正确无误的句子（高级目标）【重点难点】重点：谓语；难点：状语【使用说明】1.请同学们在上课之前，提前完成【预学】案。
2.请同学们在上课之前，准备好红笔。
【预学】【预学内容】划分以下句子成分：1.We always work hard at English。
2.He said he didn’t come.3.They love each other.4.What did you buy?5.She watched her daughter playing the piano.6.Your job today is to help the old.7.Speaking doesn’t mean doing.8.By the time I got to the station,the train had left.【导学】英语句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。
句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有和；次要成分有（二）在下列例句中，用红线标出该种句子成分一、主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物。
The sun rises in the east. (名词)He likes dancing. (代词)Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词)Seeing is believing. (动名词) To see is to believe. (不定式)What he needs is a book. (主语从句)It is clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree(It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语)二、谓语（predicate）:说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。
一句话语法: 谓语由充当. 有很多同学在写作的时候容易犯的错误就是要么乱用be动词,要么句子没有谓语动词. 谓语的构成如下：1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。
如：We study English2、复合谓语：由情态动词或其他助动词加动词构成。
You may keep the book for two weeks.He has caught a bad cold.三、表语（predicative）:系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
He is a teacher. (名词)Seventy-four! You don’t look it. (代词)Five and five is ten. (数词)He is asleep. (形容词)His father is in. (副词)The picture is on the wall. (介词短语)My watch is gone / missing / lost. (形容词化的分词)To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor,I can’t buy a ring.(不定式)The question is whether they will come. (表语从句)【重难点】常见的系动词有: be, (听起来)，(看起来)，(摸起来)，(闻起来)，(尝、吃起来)，(保持，仍是)，(感觉)It sounds a good idea.The sound sounds strange.Her voice sounds sweet.Tom looks thin.The food smells delicious.The food tastes good.The door remains open.Now I feel tired.四、宾语（object）：1)动作的承受者——I like China. (名词)He hates you. (代词)How many do you need? We need two. (数词)We should help the old and the poor.(形容词)I enjoy working with you. (动名词)I hope to see you again. (不定式)Did you write down what he said? (宾语从句)2)介词后的名词、代词和动名词——Are you afraid of the snake?Under the snow, there are many rocks.3) 双宾语——间宾( )和直宾( )He gave me a book yesterday.Give the poor man some money.【一句话语法】:宾语由名词性的词充当,宾语分为动词宾语和介词宾语,分别构成动宾结构和介词结构,这点非常重要,务必要牢记.五、宾补（Objective complement）对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。
We elected him monitor. (名词)We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here. (名)We will make them happy. (形容词)We found nobody in. (副词)Please make yourself at home. (介词短语)Don’t let him do that. (省to不定式)His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. (带to不定式) Don’t keep the lights burning. (现在分词)I’ll have my bike repaired. (过去分词)六、主补（Subjective complement）：对主语的补充。
He was elected monitor.（名词）She was found singing in the next room.（现在分词）He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（不定式）七、定语(attribute)：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。
Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.(名词)He is our friend. (代词)We belong to the third world. (数词)He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.(形容词)The man over there is my old friend.(副词)The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介词)The boys playing football are in Cla2. (现在分词)The trees planted last year are growing well now. (过去分词)I have an idea to do it well. (不定式)You should do everything that I do. (定语从句)八、状语(adverbial)：用来修饰v., adj., adv., or 句子。
表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式、让步、伴随和比较。
【要求】用红笔在下列句子中标出状语成分，并区分是哪种状语：I will go there tomorrow.The meeting will be held in the meeting room.The meat went bad because of the hot weather.He studies hard to learn English well.He didn’t study hard so that he failed in the exam.I like some of you very much.If you study hard, you will pass the exam.He goes to school by bike.Though he is young, he can do it well.She came in with a dictionary in her hand.I am taller than he is.九．同位语(appositive)：同位语是在名词或代词之后并列名词或代词对前者加以说明的成分，近乎于后置定语。
We students should study hard.(students是we的同位语，都是学生)We all are students. (all是we的同位语，都指同样的‘我们’）【固学】【当堂检测】指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：1. The students got on the school bus.2. He handed me the newspaper.3. I shall answer your question after class.4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!5. They went hunting together early in the morning.【作业布置】(一). 指出下列句中主语的中心词(4分，4分钟)① The teacher with two of his students is walking into theclassroom.② There is an old man coming here.③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.(二). 选出句中谓语的中心词(10分，10分钟)① I don't like the picture on the wall.A. don'tB. likeC. pictureD. wall② The days get longer and longer when summer comes.A. getB. longerC. daysD. summer③ Do you usually go to school by bus?A. DoB. usuallyC. goD. bus④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.A. will beB. meetingC. the libraryD. afternoon⑤ Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?A. DidB. twinsC. haveD. breakfast⑥ Tom didn't do his homework yesterday.A. TomB. didn'tC. doD. his homework⑦ What I want to tell you is this.A. wantB. to tellC. youD. is⑧ We had better send for a doctor.A. WeB. hadC. sendD. doctor⑨ He is interested in music.A. isB. interestedC. inD. music⑩ Whom did you give my book to?A. giveB. didC. whomD. book(三) 挑出下列句中的宾语（10分，10分钟）① My brother hasn't done his homework.A B C D② People all over the world speak English.A B C D③ You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.A B C D④ How many new words did you learn last class?A B C D⑤ Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?A B C D⑥ The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.A B C D⑦ They made him monitor of the class.A B C D⑧ Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left.A B C D⑨ You will find it useful after you leave school.A B C D⑩ They didn't know who "Father Christmas" really is.A B C D(四) 挑出下列句中的表语(5分，5分钟)① The old man was feeling very tired.A B C D② Why is he worried about Jim?A B C D③ The leaves have turned yellow.A B C D④ Soon They all became interested in the subject.A B C D⑤ She was the first to learn about it.A B C D(五) 挑出下列句中的定语(6分，6分钟)① They use Mr. Mrs. with the family name.A B C D② What is your given name?A B C D③ On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.A B C D④ I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.A B C D⑤ The man downstairs was trying to sleep.A B C D⑥ I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!A B C D(六) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语(6分，6分钟)① She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.A B C D② He asked her to take the boy out of school.A B C D③ She found it difficult to do the work.A B C D④ They call me Lily sometimes.A B C D⑤ I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.A B C D⑥ Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?A B C D(七) 挑出下列句中的状语（8分，8分钟）① There was a big smile on her face.A B C D② Every night he heard the noise upstairs.A B C D③ He began to learn English when he was eleven.A B C D④ The man on the motorbike was travelling to fast.A B C D⑤ With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off.A B C D⑥ She loves the library because she loves books.A B C D⑦ I am afraid that if you've lost it, you must pay for it.A B C D⑧ The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.A B C D(八) 划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语(5分，5分钟)① Please tell us a story.② My father bought a new bike for me last week.③ Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term.④ Here is a pen. Give it to Tom.⑤ Did he leave any message for me?。