跨文化交际实用教程unit4课件

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跨文化Unit 4

Unit 4 Verbal Communication
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01 Warm-up Cases
Case 2 A Misunderstanding Caused by a Joke (P67)
Roger was the Personnel Executive of a large American multinational firm. In 1996, Roger was working in Brazil to help promote their business. One evening, there was a party, attended by both his employees from the United States and many Brazilian business people. At the party, Roger bumped into Rosalita, a Brazilian woman he had known for some time. Roger generally had a very good impression of Rosalita and always felt at ease with her, so that he felt free to tell jokes and share personal thoughts, and talk about Brazil and Brazilian life without having the jitters of offending Rosalita. During the party, Rosalita said to Roger, “I’d like to introduce you to one of my good friends. She is a very capable woman and is presently thinking of working in a joint venture so she can provide a better living for her large family. She is very much interested in your company.” Hearing that, Roger smiled and replied, “OK, but I just hope I don’t get hustled.” Unfortunately, Roger’s reply made Rosalita quite upset. Very soon she excused herself as politely as she could, and did not speak with Roger for the rest of the evening.

跨文化交际Unit4

Things like puns defy translation across languages.
பைடு நூலகம்
More examples
“Why time flies?”
“Because somebody wants to kill it.” “你有什么了不起，能把我吃了！”
“不能,我是回民！” 外甥打灯笼照(舅)旧
Language = neutral codes and grammatical rules? We make cultural choices when we select words,
form sentences and send a message. All languages have social questions and information
as before; as usual; as of old 狗撵鸭子呱呱叫
very good
More examples
恋爱“三草”原则: 女：你说你很寂寞，为什么不去找你以前的女朋友而来追我
呢？
男：好马不吃回头草！(A good horse will never turn round to graze on an old pasture.)
meaning comes out of the context, the cultural usage.
Reading I How Is Language Related to Culture
Language reflects the environment in which we live. (snow, wine)
More examples
I am sorry. I am sorry, too. I am sorry three. What are you sorry for (four)? I am sorry five.

跨文化交际第四课.ppt

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5. Westerners can understand what Uncle policeman or PLA Uncle means.
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6. We can address Jason Douglas, who is a lawyer, as Lawyer Douglas.
With Miss Mary the use of the given name indicates friendliness. With Brown the lack of a title indicates friendliness.
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4. Ranks in the armed forces like Captain, Colonel can be used as titles.
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美国人乐善好施，爱打抱不平，个性耿直，很容易交朋友。他们总是先相信人，然而一旦他们觉得那人有误，不管谁是谁非，说翻脸马上翻脸，容不得他有解释的余地。但如果事后他意识到是自己误会了，他会很诚恳地向你道歉，没有面子不面子的顾虑。
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谨防被认为同性恋 Man don't hold hands & woman don't hold hands in America
在社交距离范围内，已经没有直接的身体接触，说话时，也要适当提高声音，需要更充分的目光接触。如果谈话者得不到对方目光的支持，他(或她)会有强烈的被忽视、被拒绝的感受。这时，相互间的目光接触已是交谈中不可缺免的感情交流形式了。
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４、公众距离。12～25英尺(约 3.7～7.6米)这是公开演说时演说者与听众所保持的距离。这是一个几乎能容纳一切人的 “门户开放”的空间，人们完全可以对处于空间的其他人， “视而不见”，不予交往，因为相互之间未必发生一定联系。因此，这个空间的交往，大多是当众演讲之类。

跨文化交际课件 Unit Four

Case One: People here call me Lao Wai (old
foreigner). At first I was quite upset, I looked at myself in the mirror, I wasn’t old: I’m only in my twenties. Later, I found they also called foreign children Lao Wai or Xiao Lao Wai (little old foreigner), I realized it’s a general term for any foreigner.
6. Greetings and terms of address
• Physical greetings: • 7. Compliments, thanks and apologies • About "Thank you!": English learners take it for granted that in answering another compliments, the best way to do is to give a response of "Thank you!". However studies show that only 38.4% of Americans directly adopt this way while all the rest choose other ways to give an response. • More…
案例分析
• Case Two: When I traveled in China, I talked with many people. I knew they were friendly to me, but sometimes their questions made feel a bit uncomfortable, such as questions about my age and salary.

Cross-Cultural Communication Unit 1-4 跨文化交际(课堂PPT)

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CHAPTER 1 - Communication and Culture: The Challenge of The Future
Dominant Culture
Co-Cultures
• It's the one in power -
• They are numerous.
control.
• Distinct and unique
• Meanwhile, aging population in more developed countries – Could bring more communication issues between older generations and younger generations (this can be treated as co-culture).
ethnic background, age, sex,
media, monetary systems,
or other factors.
etc.
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• We learn our culture through proverbs
– Offer an important set of instructions
Our goal in this class is to answer some of the following questions: • Why do we often uncomfortable when encountering people who are different from yourself? • Why do people from different cultures behave in ways that seem strange to you? • How do cultural differences influence communication? • Which cultural differences are important and which are inconsequential? • Why is it difficult to understand and appreciate cultural difference?

跨文化交际实用教程unit4课件

Unit 4
Verbal Communication
Objectives
Learn the culturally loaded words Learn the cultural reflections on
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
proverbs Learn taboos Learn the differences in cultural thought patterns
知识分子
In CC, it refers to people including college teachers, college students, middle school teachers, and such people as medical doctors, engineers, interpreters. In EC, it refers to people of high academic status (college professors) –much smaller range of people. not always a complimentary term, sometimes used in derogatory sense.
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Interpretations
龙--- in CC, it is a totem(图腾) with
many royal associations, 龙颜，龙床，龙袍，龙心大喜。 In EC, dragon refers to horrible, disgusting monsters.
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18
the young chick duckling gosling foal calf puppy lamb fawn shoat

跨文化交际实用教程unit4专题培训课件

Objectives
Learn the culturally loaded words Learn the cultural reflections on
proverbs Learn taboos Learn the differences in cultural
thought patterns
III. Summary IV. Assignments
2
I. Warm-up cases
Case 1. Shoes for Street Walking Question : Why did the Italian shop owner
make such a blunder? Shoes for street walking. Come in and have a fit.
Comment:
Hustle---- to force sb to make a decision before they are ready or sure
-----to work as a prostitute / romance or sex is hinted
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Case 3 Look out
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Interpretations 龙--- in CC, it is a totem with many
royal associations, 龙颜，龙床，龙袍，龙心大喜。
In EC, dragon refers to horrible, disgusting monsters.
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知识分子
In CC, it refers to people including college teachers, college students, middle school teachers, and such people as medical doctors, engineers, interpreters.

跨文化交际Unit 4(大二英语)PPT课件

/Situation
Title +Surname
Neutral Relationship Surname +Title
/Situation
Title +Surname Given Name
Close Relationship /Informal Situation
Given Name
Given Name
III. Apologizing
• When to apologize • Who to apologize • How to apologize and how to respond
第20页/共39页
[Case 1] A calls B, but B doesn’t answer the Conversation 1 cal l A: Why didn’t you take upitmhe mphoenedjiuast tneowl?y. Compare the f o l l o w i n g t wo B: I just came in. I was in the office downstairs. c o n ve r s a ti ons . A: Sorr y, I should have phoned your office first.
第2页/共39页
I. Addressing
• A: Teacher Liu, could you come over to our par ty this Saturday? • A: Manager Smith, could I schedule your presentation on our new design for Friday
• Jennifer: I am really sorry for all this. • 此种情景若发生在一个中国家庭？……

跨文化交际实用教程

还是情胜于理。
In
other societies, people think and express in different ways. This means taking one step back from one’s values and cherished beliefs, which is far from easy.
Taboos
中英表达中共同的忌讳：
1. 人类排泄活动相关的词汇。 E.g. shit/屎 2. 与性或性器官有关的词汇。 E.g. ass/pussy 3. 骂人的词汇、脏话。 E.g. Fuck/son of bitch Think about it: 我们国家或者是其他国家，还有什么其他言语上的禁忌吗？
Idiom
“Careful
with fire,” is good advice, we know; “Careful with words,” is ten times doubly so.
“A beautiful woman”
For
a desert Arab: 250 pound lovely woman. For an American: slim but big-busted lass. 170 pounds is skinny. For an Italian: 110 pounds is too skinny.
总结起来大家需要知道的：
1、中英词汇及词意并不是一一对应的。
2、从表面看起来相同或相近的词，可能实际
上指的不是一个东西。 3、在一种语言下，一个词汇可能指向多种意义；而在另外一种语言中，这个词汇可能有着更多的含义。 4、有的词汇或一些固定表达在一定的基础程度上会很接近。但在更深层次的下，其意义可能会有不同

跨文化交际课件Unit 4 II

• 4)– Waiter! • --Yes, sir • 5)—Yes? • --I’d like two tickets, please • 6)– Everything will be all right soon, yes? • 2 Different ways to say Yes
How to refuse others?
• 5)Avoidance • 6) General acceptance of an offer but giving no details • 7) Diverting and distracting • 2 Japanese way to say No
Discovering Problems: Translating across Languages
• 1) Being silent or showing a lack of enthusiasm • 2)Offering an alternative • 3)Postponement(delaying answers) • 4) Putting the responsibility on a third party or something over which you have no control
Questions I
1. Do you think the original is a lively presentation? Is it well written? Why or why not? 2. Is the translation faithful to the original? Is it appropriate for foreign readers?
Unit Four
Language and Culture

跨文化交际实用教程胡超编著unit_4

III. Summary IV. Exercises V. Assignments
3
I. Warm-up cases
Case 1. Shoes for Street Walking
Shoes for street walking. Come in and have a fit.
Question : Why did the Italian shop owner
as Chinese word “干部”.
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知识分子
In CC, it refers to people including college teachers, college students, middle school teachers, and such people as medical doctors, engineers, interpreters.
a book
intellectual
social science?/the humanities?
Interpretations 龙
In CC, it is a totem with many royal associations. 龙颜，龙床，龙袍。
In EC, dragon refers to horrible, disgusting monsters.
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Can you find the equivalent words in English for these Chinese words?
龙干部母马
扁担一本书知识分子社会科学
dragon cadre female horse?/mare?
a carrying pole; a shoulder pole

跨文化交际Unit 4 Verbal Communication

Age

advanced in age seasoned man mature people second childhood senior citizen
???

She has canceled all her social engagements. (1856) She is in an interesting condition. (1880) She is in a delicate condition. (1895) She is knitting little booties. (1910) She is in a family way. (1920) She is expecting. (1935)

economic crisis—depression Slum--substandard housing poor countries: less-developed nations/ emerging nations Poor--less well off/ Economically deprived/needy/disadvantaged
Unit 4 Verbal Communication
Contents

Differences in Cultural Thought Patterns Culturally Loaded Words (Connotations) Cultural Reflections on Proverbs Taboo
Absence of referent
Different Connotations

Beside the lake, beneadancing in the breeze. And then my heart with pleasure fills, And dances with the daffodils.

Cross-CulturalCommunicationUnit1-4跨文化交际.ppt

CHAPTER 1 - Communication and Culture: The Challenge of The Future
Dominant Culture
Co-Cultures
• It's the one in power -
• They are numerous.
control.
• Distinct and unique
• We learned our culture through mass media
• Culture is transmitted from generation to generation
• Culture is based on symbols
• Culture is subjected to change
• Subjective elements include: values, beliefs, attitudes, orientations, and underlying assumptions prevalent among people in the society.
• Basic functions of Culture: adapt to a particular ecology, and includes the knowledge that people need to have in order to function in their own social environment.
• Culture is integrated
• Culture is adaptive
CHAPTER 1 - Communication and Culture: The Challenge of The Future

跨文化交际unit 4课件

Unit 4 词汇与意义⏹教学内容：⏹（1）词汇的概念意义、内涵意义、社会意义、情感意义和搭配意义。

⏹（2）中英词汇对比⏹基本要求：⏹了解词汇在语言的跨文化交际中的地位，掌握词汇的几种意义，中英语言在词汇方面存在的差别。

重点是词汇的内涵意义及中英词汇的差别。

Importance⏹If we want to study the difference between two languages, we have to begin with the study of the words in the two languages. Because the close relationship between language and culture is most readily seen in words.Section 1 T ypes of meanings⏹1. Conceptual meaning概念意义⏹the basic meaning presented by a word. It refers to logical, cognitive(认知的), referential (指示的), or denotative（外延的）content.⏹also known as surface meaning or denotative meaning外延意义, dictionary meaning or literal meaning字面意义of a word.Features of Conceptual meaning概念意义⏹1. It is the core of the meaning of a word. It is the basic meaning represented by meaningful linguistic units. It‟s recorded in the dictionary.⏹E.g. woman-an adult female human being.⏹Dog-a four-legged animal which can make the sound of barking⏹2. It can be divided into some semantic components(语义成⏹分).⏹Woman: +animate(有生命) +human(人) - male (男性) -adult(成年)I⏹boy：⏹3. It is relatively constant and stable, because it is the meaning agreed upon by all the members of the same speech community.But it may also vary.⏹Manuscript =“手稿” now also including文稿printed from typewriter or computer Note: Many different words can have the same conceptual meaning⏹walk⏹to move forward by placing one foot in front of the other. The newlyweds新婚夫妇strolled down漫步the streets of Paris.⏹The wealthy businessman swaggered大摇大摆地into the restaurant and demanded a table.The overweight man lumbered笨重地行动along, breathing heavily and occasionally tripping.⏹These synonyms, although with different connotative meanings内涵意义, have the same conceptual meaning.The English Words unique in English culture⏹A. words related with geography⏹e.g. New England, Canberra, Northern Ireland, Sydney, London, Edinburgh, Greenwich, Quebec, Ottawa,⏹The Thames River, St. Lawrence, British Isles, The Rocky Mountains（落基山脉）, The Mississippi River, The Niagara Falls,⏹koala, kangaroo, tornado(龙卷风)⏹The Great Barrier Reef, Silicon V alley, Yellowstone Park,⏹Summary：All these have their own geographical features: places, plants and animals uniquely found in USA, Great Britain and Australia; They all represent meaning unique in their own cultures；Their Chinese equivalents are only used by the Chinese people as mere names, which have lost their distinctive geographical and cultural features.The English Words unique in English culture⏹A. words related with geography⏹e.g.⏹U.S.A: New England, The Rocky Mountains,The Mississippi River, The Niagara Falls,Y ellowstone Park, Silicon V alley⏹Britain: British Isles, Northern Ireland, London, Edinburgh, Greenwich, The Thames River, Rose⏹Canada: Ottawa, Quebec, St. Lawrence,⏹Australia: Canberra, Sydney, The Great Barrier Reef, koala, kangaroo⏹B. words and history⏹the May Flower⏹(the ship in which a group of⏹British Puritans who were also⏹known as pilgrim fathers sailed to⏹America in 1620.⏹The revolutionary war⏹( the struggle of the 13 colonies in North America for independence from the British rule between 1775-1783)⏹Scalp(头皮)⏹(to tear the skin on the top and back of head and the hair attached from an enemy by an North American Indian as a trophy战利品)⏹⏹Knight⏹(a man given the rank of knighthood by the British Monarch in recognition of merits in public service)⏹Hippy/Hippie⏹(a young man and young woman who rejects authority, existing institutions and conventional attitudes towards morality, style of dress, etc.)⏹C. word and politics⏹USA: President, Secretary, Congress, Senate, the House of Representatives, The Democratic Party, The Republican Party, the Supreme Court⏹Great Britain: Parliament议会:the supreme legislative body of the United Kingdom. It comprises the sovereign, the House of Lords and the House of Commons.议会两院尤指英国由上议院和下议院构成的国家立法机关; Prime Minister, The Conservative Party, The Labour Party, Supreme Court of Judicature司法⏹Governor行政长官⏹the official title of the representative of the British monarch in a British colony.⏹Governor general总督⏹the personal representative of the British crown in the independent nations of the commonwealth.⏹e.g. The Canadian Governor General⏹Constitutional monarchy君主立宪制⏹a monarchy in which the powers of the rulers are restricted to those granted under the constitution and laws of the nationD. words and religion⏹Bible⏹a collection of religious books comprising the Old Testament and New Testament⏹reformation:宗教改革⏹a 16th century religious movement against the abuses in the Roman Catholic Church, ending in the formation of Protestant Churches.⏹Christmas box耶诞礼物或礼金⏹money given at Christmas time to the dustmen and others who provide a service throughout the year.⏹Boxing day节礼日⏹the first week day after Christmas, a legal holiday in England⏹Easter⏹the chief Christian feast, which celebrates the Resurrection of Christ, on the first Sunday after the full moon that coincides with or comes after the spring equinox.E. words and HolidaysChristmas cake/pudding/card/tree/carol/stockingFather Christmas), Santa Claus(A)⏹F. words and currency⏹Pound, penny; the American dollar, cent, quarter, nickel⏹G. Words and law⏹Court, judge, jury, lawyer, attorney (A)⏹H. Words and way of life⏹Snack Bar, roast beef, hamburger, sandwich, barbecue, cocktail, champagne; pajamas, suite, dress; subway, Greyhound bus; drive-ins, diner,⏹I. words and sports⏹Football, soccer, rugby, hockey, cricket⏹J. words and sex⏹Striptease, sex store, sexual interference, prostitute, whorehouse⏹K. words and personality⏹GB: reserve, practical, insularism偏执⏹USA：individualism, rapid pace of life, direct, promptness, informality, originality, materialism English works partly corresponding with Chinese words in conceptual meaning⏹1. Intellectual--知识分子⏹2. social sciences--社会科学⏹3. drugstore--药店⏹[美]杂货店(出售药物、糖果、饮料,化妆品，杂志及其他杂物的店铺)⏹4. Morning=午夜+凌晨+黎明+早晨+上午⏹5. Y oung(18-40), middle-aged(40-60), old (over 60)-------老中青⏹Discussion: discuss the conceptual differences between the words in each pair⏹yard--院子⏹peasant--农民⏹idealist-唯心主义者⏹materialist--唯物主义者"family" and jiating (家庭)⏹An American (A) attended her Chinese friend's (B) wedding. Two years later, the two met again.⏹A: Have you started a family'!⏹B: Oh, yes. Y ou attended my wedding, remember?⏹A: I mean if you've had children.⏹Here we see that ' family' means more than jiating (家庭) ，though they seem to be equivalents.2. Connotative meaning内涵意义⏹the implication（含义，暗示）of words, apart from its primary meaning.It is the communicative value that an expression has in addition to the purely conceptual meaning. It varies from culture to culture and from individual to individual⏹E.g. Woman⏹Physical: biped(双足的), having a womb(子宫)⏹Personality: gentle, compassionate, sensitive, hard-working, frail脆弱的, emotional, prone to tears, irrational, inconstant变化无常的,subject to maternal instinct, behavior: capable of speech, experienced in cookery, skirt or dress wearing,⏹Dog⏹loyal to owner, fierce凶猛的, violentFeatures of Connotative meaning内涵意义⏹1. Despite cultural background difference, some corresponding words in two languages may convey the same connotative meaning. e.g tiger, 老虎--cruelty⏹E.g. Woman⏹2. words with the same conceptual meaning yet different connotative meaning⏹书, book⏹老，old⏹同志，comrade⏹宣传，propaganda⏹狗，dogConnotative meanings vary according to different people, times, ages, societies etc.⏹E.g. Home: warm, loving, comfortable, safe⏹like a prison, cold, boring⏹终身大事⏹工作？事业？婚姻? 生死？⏹Connotative meaning may change with the times going⏹E.g. traditional: positive in the past⏹―old, conservative‖ at present⏹3. Social meaning社会意义⏹Social meaning is what a piece of language conveys about the social circumstances of its use, such as the language users( who are using the language), settings (where is language used), topics (what are language users are talking or writing).⏹E.g⏹home (general) , residence (formal), domicile（law）, abode (literature),⏹horse, steed（战马）, nag（老马）,gee-gee（child）⏹throw(general) , cast (literature and religious), chuck(slang)⏹salt, sodium chloride⏹disobedient, recalcitrant反抗的⏹A good selection of words is important.Exercise！⏹Words which stand for what people do in order to make a living: job, vocation, profession, occupation, career, trade, work⏹Profession (an occupation requiring special education, especially in the liberal arts or sciences)所指的职业是需要在文科或理科方面有一定的教育程度，具备一定理论水平的人才的职业。

跨文化交际 Unit4(课堂PPT)

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Activity 2 :Footing the bill
早在15世纪，人们便开始使用“foot the bill”这个短
语，但当时指的是把所有的帐目加起来算出总金额，然后写在帐单的底部（foot of bill or account），foot的意思相当于bottom。
很显然，这是店家的工作，没消费者什么事。但是到了19世纪，则轮到消费者"foot the bill"了，因为
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Be sure to avoid:
◆ Giving clocks as gifts ◆ Colors such as white or black ◆ Number four ◆ Sharp objects such as knives, letter openers, or scissors ◆ Giving gifts in odd numbers ◆ Do not brag about your gift in front of the recipient. ◆ A fine writing pen would be a good gift, unless it has red ink.
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Activity 4:
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Chinese never accept offer of drinks or food; westerners do not press their guests to drink or eat.
In China, if a guest is invited to a home, the host will normally serve the guest with some hot tea, and often when the host is making tea, the guest will ask the host not to bother to do so. Even so the host will provide tea for the guest. The behaviour of the host in actively offering and the guest in asking the host not to bother have become conventional and habitual, and are understood as showing politeness and courtesy.