约翰 斯坦贝克 介绍 John Steinbeck
约翰·斯坦贝克动物观的生态意义
约翰·斯坦贝克动物观的生态意义1. 引言1.1 约翰·斯坦贝克动物观的背景介绍约翰·斯坦贝克（John Steinbeck）是美国20世纪最重要的小说家之一，他以描写人类命运为主题，深受读者喜爱。
而他的作品中关于动物的描写也是不可忽视的一部分，这些描写既是为了塑造人物形象，也是为了表达他深切的生态意识。
斯坦贝克在他的作品中经常通过动物形象来传达他对于自然环境的关注和敬畏。
在他的小说中，动物常常被赋予了象征性的意义，成为人类命运的一部分。
斯坦贝克的动物观受到了他在青少年时期在加州农村的经历的影响。
他在那里接触到了大自然的力量和神秘，也看到了人类对自然的破坏。
这种经历让他深刻地认识到人类与自然环境之间的紧密联系，也让他意识到人类应该尊重和保护自然。
斯坦贝克的动物观在他的作品中得到了充分的展现，他通过对动物的描写和刻画，传达出了生态意义上的警示和启示。
他认为人类和动物一样，都是大自然的一部分，都需要相互依存、相互尊重。
这种观念在他的作品中得到了深刻的表达，成为了他作品中不可或缺的一部分。
2. 正文2.1 斯坦贝克如何通过作品传达生态意义约翰·斯坦贝克是20世纪美国著名文学作家，他以描写人类和动物之间的关系而闻名。
斯坦贝克通过他的作品传达了许多关于生态意义的观念。
在他的小说《愤怒的葡萄》中，斯坦贝克描绘了大萧条时期加利福尼亚州的一户农民家庭，通过农民与自然的互动，展现了人类对土地和动物的依赖。
斯坦贝克深刻地意识到人类和自然界的联系，强调了人类应该尊重和保护生态系统的重要性。
他的作品中充满了对自然界的赞美和对生态平衡的呼吁，让读者意识到人类与自然界的和谐共生是生态平衡的关键。
斯坦贝克的作品也反映了人类对自然资源的掠夺和环境破坏所带来的后果。
他描写了许多动物的遭遇，展现了人类活动对动物世界的破坏。
通过他的作品，斯坦贝克呼吁人类要意识到保护环境的紧迫性，要尊重自然界的生态平衡，保护动植物的生存空间。
john steinbeck 约翰·斯坦贝克
John Steinbeck1)backgroundWorld War IWorld War I (WWI), which was predominantly called the World War or the Great War from its occurrence until 1939, and the First World War or World War I thereafter, was a major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918. It involved all the world's great powers, which were assembled in two opposing alliances: the Allies (based on the Triple Entente of the United Kingdom, France and Russia) and the Central Powers (originally centred around the Triple Alliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy; but, as Austria–Hungary had taken the offensive against the agreement, Italy did not enter into the war). These alliances both reorganised (Italy fought for the Allies), and expanded as more nations entered the war. Ultimately more than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, were mobilised in one of the largest wars in history. More than 9 million combatants were killed, largely because of great technological advances in firepower without corresponding advances in mobility. It was the sixth-deadliest conflict in world history, subsequently paving the way for various political changes such as revolutions in the nations involved.The Great DepressionThe Great Depression was a worldwide economic downturn starting in most places in 1929，the largest and most important economic depression in modern history. The Great Depression originated in the United States; historians most often use as a starting date the stock market crash on October 29, 1929, known as Black Tuesday.The depression had devastating effects both in the developed and developing, largely still-colonized world. International trade was deeply affected, as were personal incomes, tax revenues, prices, and profits. Cities all around the world were hit hard, especially those dependent on heavy industry. Construction was virtually halted in many countries. Farming and rural areas suffered as crop prices fell by 40 to 60 percent.World War IIWorld War II, or the Second World War (often abbreviated as WWII or WW2), was a global armed conflict that was under way by 1939 and ended in 1945. It involved a vast majority of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. It was the most widespread war in history, with more than 100 million people serving in military units. In a state of "total war", the major participants placed their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities at the service of the war effort, erasing the distinction between civilian and military resources. Marked by significant events involving the mass death of civilians, including the Holocaust and the only use of nuclear weapons in warfare, it resulted in 50 million to over 70 million fatalities. These deaths make the war the deadliest conflict in human history.2)LifeJohn Steinbeck (1902-1968), born in Salinas, California, came from a family of moderate means. He worked his way through college at Stanford University but never graduated. In 1925 he went to New York, where he tried for a few years to establish himself as a free-lance writer, but hefailed and returned to California. After publishing some novels and short stories, Steinbeck first became widely known with Tortilla Flat (1935), a series of humorous stories about Monterey paisanos.Steinbeck's novels can all be classified as social novels dealing with the economic problems of rural labour, but there is also a streak of worship of the soil in his books, which does not always agree with his matter-of-fact sociological approach. After the rough and earthy humour of Tortilla Flat, he moved on to more serious fiction, often aggressive in its social criticism, to In Dubious Battle (1936), which deals with the strikes of the migratory fruit pickers on California plantations. This was followed by Of Mice and Men (1937), the story of the imbecile giant Lennie, and a series of admirable short stories collected in the volume The Long Valley (1938). In 1939 he published what is considered his best work, The Grapes of Wrath, the story of Oklahoma tenant farmers who, unable to earn a living from the land, moved to California where they became migratory workers.Among his later works should be mentioned East of Eden (1952), The Winter of Our Discontent (1961), and Travels with Charley (1962), a travelogue in which Steinbeck wrote about his impressions during a three-month tour in a truck that led him through forty American states. He died in New York City in 1968.3)Works•Cup of Gold, 1929•The Pastures of Heaven, 1932•Tortilla Flat, 1935•In Dubious Battle, 1936•Of Mice and Men, 1937•The Long Valley, 1938•The Grapes of Wrath, 1939•The Seas of Cortez, 1941, History•The Moon is Down, 1942•The Wayward Bus, 1942•Cannery Row, 1945•The Pearl, 1947, Novella•Burning Bright, 1950•East of Eden, 1952•Once There Was a War, 1958, History•The Winter of Our Discontent, 19614)Literary viewHis theme was usually simple human virtues, such as kindness and fair treatment, which were far superior to the dehumanizing cruelty of exploiters.Amid the gloom and the defeatism,Steinbeck manages to keep a refreshing faith in humanity, in the future when man will come to grips with his problems and come out all right. This ability to see beyond the immediate present into a better future has proved to be one of the things that havegiven Steinbeck his claim to fame and permanence.Steinbeck had been a laborer on and off and learned to know the poor, especially the migrant farmers. He wrote sympathetically of their plight, and this is a distinctive characteristic of his works.5)Literary stylea. poetic proseb. regional dialectc. characterization: many types of characters rather than individualsd. dramatic factorse. social protect: spokesman for the poverty-stricken people6)Place in literary historyIn 1962, Steinbeck won the Nobel Prize for literature for his "realistic and imaginative writing, combining as it does sympathetic humor and keen social perception."In September 1964, Steinbeck was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Lyndon B. Johnson.After Steinbeck's death, his incomplete novel based on the King Arthur legends of Malory and others, The Acts of King Arthur and His Noble Knights, was finally published in 1976.The day after Steinbeck's death in New York City, reviewer Charles Poore wrote in the New York Times: "John Steinbeck's first great book was his last great book. But Good Lord, what a book that was and is: The Grapes of Wrath." Poore noted a "preachiness" in Steinbeck's work, "as if half his literary inheritance came from the best of Mark Twain—and the other half from the worst of Cotton Mather." But he asserted that "Steinbeck didn't need the Nobel Prize—the Nobel judges needed him."Many of Steinbeck's works are on required reading lists in American high schools. In the United Kingdom, Of Mice and Men is one of the key texts used by the examining body AQA for its English Literature GCSE. A study by the Center for the Learning and Teaching of Literature in the United States found that Of Mice and Men was one of the ten most frequently read books in public high schools.At the same time, The Grapes of Wrath has been banned by school boards: in August 1939, Kern County Board of Supervisors banned the book from the county's publicly funded schools and libraries.It was burned in Salinas on two different occasions. In 2003, a school board in Mississippi banned it on the grounds of profanity.According to the American Library Association Steinbeck was one of the ten most frequently banned authors from 1990 to 2004, with Of Mice and Men ranking sixth out of 100 such books in the United States.Notes:1、常耀信，美国文学简史，南开大学出版社2、维基百科3、吴翔林，英美文学选读，中国对外翻译出版社。
John_Steinbeck_and_The_Grapes_of_Wrath 2
--- Reaching and settling down in California, they met with bitter resistance from the local landowners --- Working in the migrant labor camps in California, life proved to be a misery of poverty and dislocation: Evils are widespread and wrath is about to overwhelm patience
--- On the road, before their eyes are: a. Unspeakable pain and suffering on the road; b. Frequently occurring deaths c. A universal landscape of decay and desolation
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斯坦贝克一生的创作大致可以分为三 个时期。第一个时期是30年代前后。以 《相持》（1936）和《愤怒的葡萄》 （the Grapes of Wrath）（1939）为代 表。后者是作家创作的高峰。也是20世 纪美国文学的经典。该作品曾获普利策 奖，由此作家名声国内外。 40年代是他创作的第二个时期。在这 个时期里，由于美国社会生产力的发展， 社会财富的增加，美国人的价值观念发 生了变化，他的主要作品《月亮下去了》 （1942）、《珍珠》（1947）以颂扬 开朗、乐观的生活方式来比衬贬社会中 的倾扎和狭隘的现象，其中心主题是探 讨金钱、文明和人性的关系。 50年代初，斯坦贝克离开加州迁居 纽约。这一时期的创作受生物学上的 “生命循环论”的影响较大，写出了两部 长篇小说《伊甸园以东》（1952）和 《烦恼的冬天》（1961）。前者用写实 和象征手法描绘了善与恶的斗争，后者 描写了社会道德的沦丧，表现了作家对 美国精神危机的忧虑。他认为：“战后 的美国社会是富有了，但产生了一种厌 倦情绪、一种消耗性的病态。
约翰斯坦贝克美国现实主义文学巨匠的经典语录
约翰斯坦贝克美国现实主义文学巨匠的经典语录约翰斯坦贝克（John Steinbeck）是20世纪美国现实主义文学的巨匠，他的作品深受广大读者的喜爱和赞赏。
在他的作品中，不仅展现了美国社会的真实面貌，还传达了他对人性、社会问题的思考和反思。
以下是约翰斯坦贝克美国现实主义文学巨匠的经典语录，让我们一起来品味他的智慧和哲思。
1. "人们所需要的是希望，而不是物质。
"约翰斯坦贝克深刻理解人们内心的渴望。
他认为，人们追求的并不仅仅是物质上的满足，更重要的是对未来的希望。
无论面对怎样的困境和挑战，只有保持对未来的期许和憧憬，才能真正面对现实，积极应对。
2. "人类是相互关联的，我们只有共同努力，才能创造更美好的世界。
"约翰斯坦贝克关注于人类之间的联系与互动。
他认为，每个人都是社会大家庭中不可或缺的一部分，只有通过共同的努力和合作，我们才能摆脱困境，创造出更美好的未来。
3. "对于一个人来说，最大的胜利是保持自我并活出真我。
"约翰斯坦贝克强调每个人的独特性和自我。
他认为，一个人只有保持真实的自己，才能真正获得内心的平静和满足感。
无论外界的压力和诱惑如何，只要坚持信仰，并保持真实的自己，就能取得最大的胜利。
4. "人性的善良是无穷的，只有在最黑暗的时刻，我们才能看到它的光芒。
"约翰斯坦贝克对人性持有积极的态度。
他相信人性本善，并认为无论多么黑暗的时刻，人们内心深处总会存在着善良和正义的火花。
只有在面临困难和挑战之际，我们才能看到人性的光芒。
5. "社会不应该定义一个人的价值，每个个体都应该被尊重和平等对待。
"约翰斯坦贝克批判了社会对个体的标签化和歧视现象。
他认为，每个人都应该被平等地对待，不论他们的社会地位、职业、种族等。
每个人都有自己的独特价值，社会应该给予每个人平等的机会和尊重。
6. "人们对未知的恐惧超过了对现实的忍受。
john steinbeck英语简介
john steinbeck英语简介本文是关于john steinbeck英语简介，仅供参考，希望对您有所帮助，感谢阅读。
john steinbeck简介John Steinbeck, American writer of the 20th century. Representative works are "between human and mouse", "angry grapes", "the moon went down", "Eden's East", "troubled winter" and so on.In 1902, Steinbeck was born in California, USA. In 1925, Steinbeck served as a journalist in The New York Times. But it was not long before he was disappointed and tired of the journalist's career. So he returned to California to join himself in his own creation. 1937 published novel "between human and mouse", published in 1939 novel "angry grapes". Won the Nobel prize in Literature in 1962. At the beginning of 1966, Steinbeck as a New York newspaper "News Daily" war correspondent to South Vietnam. Steinbeck returned to the United States and continued to write at home. In May 1968, his body began to fall, December 21, 1968, his death due to a heart attack.john steinbeck人物经历In 1902, John Steinbeck was born in Salinas, California, and his father, John Ernst Steinbeck, moved to the west after the war, operating the flour mill and served as the Monterrey County government for many years. Hamilton is a primary school teacher. Steinbeck has a lot of books in his childhood. In 1919, graduated from high school, served as a squad leader, the holidays often go to the pasture when the hired workers.1920-1925 enrolled at Stanford University, but often interrupted, or went to ranch when hired, or when the road construction workers, or in the sugar beet factory as a chemist, while learning to write. In 1925 leftStanford University, did not graduate. Go to New York and want to be a writer. Done the workers and journalists, works have not been published.1926 - 1929 back to California, do all kinds of non-skilled workers, once in the tower and lake hunting grounds when the guard, was dismissed for negligence. Continue writing. 1929 published the first novel "Gold Cup", the content of a pirate how to become a governor, the novel subtitle entitled "pirates of Henry Morgan's life story."Married in 1930, moved to the "pacific Woodland", met marine biologist Ida Rickoz, after becoming a lifelong friend. In 1932 published the novel "paradise Ranch", the book in an episode describes the story of several farmers in California. The same year moved to Los Angeles.In 1933, published the novel "Dedicated to an unknown god", describing a family westward California pioneer story. The same year moved to Monterey.In 1934, the short story "murder" won the European Henry Award. In 1935, published novella "pancake ping", the novel describes a group of tramp life and friendship. The book was awarded the California Club Annual Gold Medal. From this book, Steinbeck's work is noted by critics.1936 published in the novel "winner", the novel describes the strike strike of the orchard, won the California 1936 Best Novel Award. Investigate the living conditions of Salinas and Bakersfield's wandering husbands and publish reports and travel to Mexico.1937 published in the novella "between human and mouse", the contents of the wandering season workers life ideal disillusionment. The book was sold well for the "Monthly Reading Club"; adapted to the script in New York staged, popular, won the "New York Drama Review" quarterly award. This year, Steinbeck traveled to New York to travel to Britain, Sweden and the Soviet Union. After returning home to join the Oklahoma farmland season workers moved westward until the team in California.In 1938, published short stories "Long Valley", received 13 works. published in 1939 "angry grapes", the book to the US economic panic period as the background, describing the Midwest state farmers bankruptcy, escape and struggle. Issued a sensation, prompting the government to farmland season workers living conditions to investigate. In the same year was elected member of the National Art and Literature Institute.In 1940, "angry grapes" won the pulitzer prize, "American Best-selling Book Association Award" and "today's social service work award". In the same year Steinbeck went to Mexico to write a commentary for the movie "Forgotten Village". In 1941, published with Ricks co-wrote the monograph "Kurtz Sea".In 1942, Steinbeck and his wife divorced. published for the Air Force wrote the book "bomb". published novella "Moon goes", causing controversy. Adapted for the script in New York staged, continue to cause controversy.In 1943, remarried, moved to New York. New York "Herald Tribune" in Europe, from the United Kingdom, North Africa, Italy and other places to write about the second war news reports.In 1945, published novella "Can Factory Street", the writing of the town to live, back to the "pancake ping" comedy style. Reprint "Little Red Horse", add the fourth part. In 1946, "the moon went down" by the Norwegian King Harken presented the "free cross".In 1947, published in the Mexican folklore novel "pearl". The original draft was "pearl of the World", published in the "Women's Family Good Friends" magazine (1945, No. 12). After the film into a movie. published novels "not satisfied with the bus", write a capricious driver and the performance of various types of passengers. In the same year with photographer Robert Kabbah visited the Soviet Union.In 1948 elected to the "American Literature Research Institute". AndKabbah co-wrote "travel Russian diary" published. In 1950 published the novel "Flame", and Ailin Stern off marriage.In 1952, published the novel "Eden's East", writing two families moved westward after California's development. In 1953, went to Europe for the "Corrier" and other magazines to write essays of various essays. And the publication of "John Steinbeck novella", received "pancake pond", "little red horse", "between human and mouse", "the moon goes down", "can factory street", "pearl" TheIn 1954, published novella "sweet Thursday", the novel for the "canning factory street" sequel, reflecting the western town of comedy life. Later adapted for the light opera staged. In 1957, published the novel "pi ping IV's short-lived dynasty", subtitled "fictitious fabricated" to France as the background of the funny story.In 1958, the publication of the Battlefield Collection "had a war in the past." In 1961, published the last novel "troubled winter".In 1962, Steinbeck published his travel trip to the United States, "Charlie", to study the life of the United States after the war. December by virtue of "between human and mouse" won the Nobel prize in literature.In 1964 won the "Free press Medal" and "United States Medal of Freedom". In 1965, he wrote columns for Daily News, including the Vietnam War. At the beginning of 1966, Steinbeck as a New York newspaper "News Daily" war correspondent to South Vietnam. In 1968, died of heart disease, buried in Salinas.。
(约翰斯坦贝克)John Steinbeck
约翰· 斯坦贝克
Character profile (人物简介) John Steinbeck ( 1902-1968) is one of the most influential writers in the 20th century in American literature. 1902, Steinbeck was born in the United States of America in California. In December 21, 1968, he died of a heart attack.
约翰·斯坦贝克，20世纪美国作家。1902年， 斯坦贝克生于美国加利福尼亚。1968年12月 21日，他因心脏病发作逝世。
Representative works （代表作品）
"Of Mice and Men" "the grapes of Wrath"
“The Forgotten Village”
“The of mice and men", not only art display conflict pastoral village life and the cruel reality of the society, but also reflects the people's true feelings of living conditions. "The best design of the mouse and the human is often lost" -- it is the portrayal of human survival situation, which reflects the tragic connotation and philosophical implication of the works to make it into a modern fable that represents the universal experience.
john Steinbeck的介绍
王安然
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Life Experiences
• John Steinbeck was one of the significant Depression writers.
• He was born in Salinas, California in 1902. • His father was a government official and his
• He had done many jobs such as a farm labor, a seaman, a news reporter, a bricklayer, a chemist’s assistant, a surveyor, and a migratory fruit-picker.
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His friend
• In the 1930s and 1940s, Ed Ricketts strongly influenced Steinbeck's writing.
• He frequently took small trips with Ricketts to give himself time off from his writing.
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His friend
• Ed Ricketts: an American marine biologist, ecologist, and philosopher.
• best known for Between Pacific Tides (1939), a pioneering study of intertidal ecology, and for his influence on writer John Steinbeck, which resulted in their collaboration on the Sea of Cortez.
约翰·斯坦贝克的小说作品与大萧条时期社会现实教学方案
约翰·斯坦贝克的小说作品与大萧条时期社会现实教学方案1. 引言1.1 概述在20世纪30年代的美国，大萧条（Great Depression）席卷全国，成为历史上最严重的经济衰退之一。
这一时期，社会陷入了贫困、失业和绝望之中。
约翰·斯坦贝克（John Steinbeck），作为美国著名小说家，以他的小说作品深刻地揭示了大萧条期间社会的现实问题和人性的挣扎。
1.2 文章结构本文主要分为五个部分。
首先是引言部分，概述本文主要论述内容，并介绍文章的结构安排。
其次是约翰·斯坦贝克的小说作品部分，将详细介绍三部重要的小说作品。
接着是大萧条时期社会现实教学方案部分，首先背景介绍大萧条时期的基本情况，并深入剖析当时面临的社会问题，最后提出解决方案。
在第四部分中，将对约翰·斯坦贝克的小说作品与社会现实进行关联性分析。
最后，在结论部分总结文章中得到的主要发现，并讨论和展望未来研究的方向。
1.3 目的本文旨在通过对约翰·斯坦贝克的小说作品及其与大萧条时期社会现实的关联性进行探讨，从教育角度引导读者了解并思考历史背景下社会问题的深层次原因以及解决方案的重要性。
通过阅读和研究斯坦贝克的作品，我们可以更好地理解并提醒人们应对类似困境所需要具备的适应能力和勇气。
此外，还将尝试为未来相关研究提供参考和借鉴。
2. 约翰·斯坦贝克的小说作品:2.1 作品一介绍:约翰·斯坦贝克的第一部小说作品是《家园》，于1932年出版。
这部小说是一部自传体小说，讲述了作者在加利福尼亚州农场的童年和青少年时代。
通过描绘农场主儿子乔治和他智障但善良的弟弟朱利奥斯之间的复杂关系，斯坦贝克展现了那个时代农场工人阶级的艰辛生活。
2.2 作品二介绍:斯坦贝克最为著名的作品之一是《愤怒的葡萄》，出版于1939年。
这部小说以大萧条时期加利福尼亚州中央谷地为背景，描绘了一个果园主迫使佃户们被驱逐出土地，引发了工人权益争议，并带来暴力和破坏。
the pearl译文
the pearl译文摘要：1.介绍《The Pearl》的背景和作者2.概述《The Pearl》的故事情节3.分析《The Pearl》的主题和象征意义4.总结《The Pearl》的文学价值和影响正文：《The Pearl》是美国作家约翰·斯坦贝克（John Steinbeck）所著的一部短篇小说，发表于1937 年。
这部作品以墨西哥海湾地区为背景，讲述了一个关于珍珠的寓言故事。
故事的主人公是一个名叫卡西奥的印度人，他是一位杰出的珍珠潜水员。
一天，卡西奥在海底发现了一颗巨大的珍珠，这颗珍珠的美丽和价值使得他坚信这将是他一家走向富裕的契机。
然而，这颗珍珠却给他和他的家人带来了一连串的灾难。
在这过程中，卡西奥逐渐意识到，这颗珍珠代表着财富和地位，但在追求这些的过程中，人们往往会失去自己的本性，变得贪婪和残忍。
《The Pearl》的主题是关于财富和贪婪，通过这个寓言故事，斯坦贝克向读者传达了一个观念：财富并不总是带来幸福，有时反而会导致灾难。
在小说中，珍珠象征着财富、地位和美好生活的向往，但同时也象征着贪婪、自私和对人性的腐蚀。
通过对卡西奥一家的描写，作者展示了在追求财富的过程中，人们如何逐渐丧失了自己的道德和亲情。
这部作品具有很高的文学价值，被认为是美国文学史上一部经典之作。
它不仅揭示了财富和贪婪之间的关系，还对人性进行了深刻的剖析。
此外，斯坦贝克的写作风格独特，以简练的文字和对话展示了丰富的情感和生动的人物形象。
总之，《The Pearl》是一部充满象征意义和深刻主题的短篇小说，它通过一个关于珍珠的寓言故事，向读者传达了财富和贪婪的道理。
john steinbeck 约翰·斯坦贝克
John Steinbeck1)backgroundWorld War IWorld War I (WWI), which was predominantly called the World War or the Great War from its occurrence until 1939, and the First World War or World War I thereafter, was a major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918. It involved all the world's great powers, which were assembled in two opposing alliances: the Allies (based on the Triple Entente of the United Kingdom, France and Russia) and the Central Powers (originally centred around the Triple Alliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy; but, as Austria–Hungary had taken the offensive against the agreement, Italy did not enter into the war). These alliances both reorganised (Italy fought for the Allies), and expanded as more nations entered the war. Ultimately more than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, were mobilised in one of the largest wars in history. More than 9 million combatants were killed, largely because of great technological advances in firepower without corresponding advances in mobility. It was the sixth-deadliest conflict in world history, subsequently paving the way for various political changes such as revolutions in the nations involved.The Great DepressionThe Great Depression was a worldwide economic downturn starting in most places in 1929，the largest and most important economic depression in modern history. The Great Depression originated in the United States; historians most often use as a starting date the stock market crash on October 29, 1929, known as Black Tuesday.The depression had devastating effects both in the developed and developing, largely still-colonized world. International trade was deeply affected, as were personal incomes, tax revenues, prices, and profits. Cities all around the world were hit hard, especially those dependent on heavy industry. Construction was virtually halted in many countries. Farming and rural areas suffered as crop prices fell by 40 to 60 percent.World War IIWorld War II, or the Second World War (often abbreviated as WWII or WW2), was a global armed conflict that was under way by 1939 and ended in 1945. It involved a vast majority of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. It was the most widespread war in history, with more than 100 million people serving in military units. In a state of "total war", the major participants placed their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities at the service of the war effort, erasing the distinction between civilian and military resources. Marked by significant events involving the mass death of civilians, including the Holocaust and the only use of nuclear weapons in warfare, it resulted in 50 million to over 70 million fatalities. These deaths make the war the deadliest conflict in human history.2)LifeJohn Steinbeck (1902-1968), born in Salinas, California, came from a family of moderate means. He worked his way through college at Stanford University but never graduated. In 1925 he went to New York, where he tried for a few years to establish himself as a free-lance writer, but hefailed and returned to California. After publishing some novels and short stories, Steinbeck first became widely known with Tortilla Flat (1935), a series of humorous stories about Monterey paisanos.Steinbeck's novels can all be classified as social novels dealing with the economic problems of rural labour, but there is also a streak of worship of the soil in his books, which does not always agree with his matter-of-fact sociological approach. After the rough and earthy humour of Tortilla Flat, he moved on to more serious fiction, often aggressive in its social criticism, to In Dubious Battle (1936), which deals with the strikes of the migratory fruit pickers on California plantations. This was followed by Of Mice and Men (1937), the story of the imbecile giant Lennie, and a series of admirable short stories collected in the volume The Long Valley (1938). In 1939 he published what is considered his best work, The Grapes of Wrath, the story of Oklahoma tenant farmers who, unable to earn a living from the land, moved to California where they became migratory workers.Among his later works should be mentioned East of Eden (1952), The Winter of Our Discontent (1961), and Travels with Charley (1962), a travelogue in which Steinbeck wrote about his impressions during a three-month tour in a truck that led him through forty American states. He died in New York City in 1968.3)Works•Cup of Gold, 1929•The Pastures of Heaven, 1932•Tortilla Flat, 1935•In Dubious Battle, 1936•Of Mice and Men, 1937•The Long Valley, 1938•The Grapes of Wrath, 1939•The Seas of Cortez, 1941, History•The Moon is Down, 1942•The Wayward Bus, 1942•Cannery Row, 1945•The Pearl, 1947, Novella•Burning Bright, 1950•East of Eden, 1952•Once There Was a War, 1958, History•The Winter of Our Discontent, 19614)Literary viewHis theme was usually simple human virtues, such as kindness and fair treatment, which were far superior to the dehumanizing cruelty of exploiters.Amid the gloom and the defeatism,Steinbeck manages to keep a refreshing faith in humanity, in the future when man will come to grips with his problems and come out all right. This ability to see beyond the immediate present into a better future has proved to be one of the things that havegiven Steinbeck his claim to fame and permanence.Steinbeck had been a laborer on and off and learned to know the poor, especially the migrant farmers. He wrote sympathetically of their plight, and this is a distinctive characteristic of his works.5)Literary stylea. poetic proseb. regional dialectc. characterization: many types of characters rather than individualsd. dramatic factorse. social protect: spokesman for the poverty-stricken people6)Place in literary historyIn 1962, Steinbeck won the Nobel Prize for literature for his "realistic and imaginative writing, combining as it does sympathetic humor and keen social perception."In September 1964, Steinbeck was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Lyndon B. Johnson.After Steinbeck's death, his incomplete novel based on the King Arthur legends of Malory and others, The Acts of King Arthur and His Noble Knights, was finally published in 1976.The day after Steinbeck's death in New York City, reviewer Charles Poore wrote in the New York Times: "John Steinbeck's first great book was his last great book. But Good Lord, what a book that was and is: The Grapes of Wrath." Poore noted a "preachiness" in Steinbeck's work, "as if half his literary inheritance came from the best of Mark Twain—and the other half from the worst of Cotton Mather." But he asserted that "Steinbeck didn't need the Nobel Prize—the Nobel judges needed him."Many of Steinbeck's works are on required reading lists in American high schools. In the United Kingdom, Of Mice and Men is one of the key texts used by the examining body AQA for its English Literature GCSE. A study by the Center for the Learning and Teaching of Literature in the United States found that Of Mice and Men was one of the ten most frequently read books in public high schools.At the same time, The Grapes of Wrath has been banned by school boards: in August 1939, Kern County Board of Supervisors banned the book from the county's publicly funded schools and libraries.It was burned in Salinas on two different occasions. In 2003, a school board in Mississippi banned it on the grounds of profanity.According to the American Library Association Steinbeck was one of the ten most frequently banned authors from 1990 to 2004, with Of Mice and Men ranking sixth out of 100 such books in the United States.Notes:1、常耀信，美国文学简史，南开大学出版社2、维基百科3、吴翔林，英美文学选读，中国对外翻译出版社。
John_Steinbeck约翰斯坦贝克汇总
Of Mice and Men 故事情节简单，涵盖的时间不超过三天，地点是一个美国 加州的一个牧场。描写两个相互扶持的好朋友（George曾 骗老板他们是表兄弟）——一位是精明的乔治（George）， 一位是轻度智障儿雷尼（Lennie）。雷尼因为社会适应较 差，老是犯错，搞的两人无奈地到处换工作。在富人奥谢 （Tyler Ranch）的牧场里，他们努力工作编织梦想，乔 治答应雷尼如果他听话不要闯祸，将来就可以为自己照顾
John Steinbeck
Life Experiences
▪ Born: February 27,1902; 132 Central Avenue, Salinas, CA (what is now the reception room of the Steinbeck House)
▪ Graduated from Salinas High School-June 1919
On Socialism: "socialism is just another form of religion, and thus delusional." Later, Socialists and Marxists criticized him for not being committed enough.
品
▪ In Dubious Battle, 1936 《胜负未决的战斗》 ▪ Of Mice and Men, 1937 《人鼠之间》 ▪ The Red Pony, 1937 《小红马 》 ▪ The Grapes of Wrath, 1939 《愤怒的葡萄》 ▪ Cannery Row, 1945 《罐头工厂街》 ▪ The Pearl, 1947 《珍珠》 ▪ East of Eden, 1951 《伊甸园以东》 ▪ Travels with Charley, 1961 《同查理的旅行 》
约翰·斯坦贝克
约翰·斯坦贝克话题：休闲阅读母亲的贝克“通过现实主义的，富有想象的创作，表现出蕴涵同情的幽默和对社会的敏锐的观察。
”——获奖评语［作家简介］早在1949年，斯坦贝克就和另两位美国作家福克纳和海明威一起被提名参加诺贝尔文学奖的角逐。
福克纳和海明威于1949年和1954年相继获奖，只有斯坦贝克一直等了十三年，直到1962年才获得这一殊荣。
他获奖的理由是“通过现实主义的、富有想象的创作，表现出蕴涵同情的幽默和对社会的敏锐的观察。
”约翰·斯坦贝克，1902年2月27日生于加利福尼亚州的萨利纳斯市。
父亲经营面粉厂，并担任蒙特里县县府的会计。
母亲是一位小学教师。
在母亲的熏陶下，斯坦贝克从小就爱好文学，阅读了大量欧美作家的作品。
1919年，他毕业于萨利纳斯市高中，1920年进斯坦福大学攻读文学，但他时常辍学，去牧场、筑路队等地打工，直到1925年离开学校也未拿到学位。
斯坦贝克立志要当作家，离开大学后去了纽约，在那儿当过记者，做过工人，一面勤奋写作，但所写的作品一直没有得到发表的机会。
1926年，他只好又回到加州，一面继续写作，一面靠打工维持生活。
他做过牧场和农场雇工、木工学徒、油漆匠、搬运工、化验员、筑路工人、猎场看守、报刊记者，接触过许多社会底层人民，熟悉他们的日常生活和思想感情；他长期生活在小镇、乡村和牧场，热爱山野的自然风光，又有深厚的文学素养，这一切为他今后的文学创作奠定了坚实的基础。
1929年，他终于出版了第一部长篇小说《金杯》，作品写的是海盗亨利·摩根怎样成为总督的故事。
随后，他又相继创作了描写加州几户农民生活的长篇小说《天堂牧场》（1932）和以一个家族西迁加州拓荒为题材的长篇小说《献给一位未知的神》（1933），但是这几部作品的出版都没有引起多大的反响。
直到1934年他的短篇小说《谋杀》获欧·亨利奖，1935年他的中篇小说《煎饼坪》问世，并获得加利福尼亚州俱乐部金牌奖，他的作品才引起评论界的注意。
约翰斯坦贝克美国作家诺贝尔文学奖得主
约翰斯坦贝克美国作家诺贝尔文学奖得主约翰斯坦贝克（John Steinbeck）是20世纪美国最负盛名的作家之一，他以其逼真的刻画和深入的社会观察而闻名于世。
在他的作品中，他描绘了美国农民、工人和流浪汉的生活，展现了当时的社会现实和人类的困境。
他的作品被广泛研究和欣赏，他本人也因此荣获诺贝尔文学奖，成为历史上仅有的几位获得该奖项的美国作家之一。
约翰斯坦贝克生于1902年，他在加州的一个农民家庭中长大，初期的生活经历对他后来的写作产生了深远的影响。
他在加州立大学学习了几年，然而，由于缺乏资金和对大学教育不感兴趣，他辍学后开始了流浪的生活，游历美国的大陆，从事各种低级工作。
这段时间的经历成为他后来的作品的重要素材。
约翰斯坦贝克的第一部重要作品是《愤怒的葡萄》（The Grapes of Wrath），这部小说描绘了在大萧条时期的美国西部农民的苦难生活。
小说主要讲述了一个农民家庭被逼迫离开家乡，去往加州寻求更好的生活的故事。
小说通过细致入微的刻画，展现了农民面对环境恶劣和社会不公时所遭受的痛苦和困境。
《愤怒的葡萄》一经出版，立即引起轰动，并使约翰斯坦贝克一举成名。
除了《愤怒的葡萄》，约翰斯坦贝克的其他作品也非常精彩。
他的小说《松鼠镇》（Cannery Row）描绘了美国加州一个渔村的生活，通过鲜明的人物形象和幽默的故事情节，生动地再现了小镇上的琐碎生活和社区精神。
他的另一部重要作品《东大门》（East of Eden）是一部家族史诗，讲述了从19世纪中期到20世纪初的加州农民家庭的故事。
这部小说以其复杂的情节和多维的角色塑造而备受赞誉。
约翰斯坦贝克的作品深受文学界和读者的推崇，他以对社会问题的敏锐观察和对人性的深刻揭示而著称。
他通过他的作品表达了对社会不公和阶级困境的关注，同时也以其细腻的描写和幽默的风格吸引了广大读者。
他的作品被广泛翻译成各种语言，在国际上享有崇高的声誉。
2005年，约翰斯坦贝克被授予诺贝尔文学奖，以表彰他卓越的创作成就和对人类经验的深刻洞察力。
约翰斯坦贝克介绍JohnSteinbeck ppt课件
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Award
• In 1962, Steinbeck was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature for his lifetime work, but primarily for the great works he produced in the 1930’s.
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jor Works
• His post-war novel The Pearl (1947) reflected his bitter feelings against those greedy elements of society which made the war possible.
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Conclusion
• He wrote sympathetically about poor, oppressed California farmers, migrants, laborers, and the unemployed, making their lives and sorrows very understandable to his readers.
• In 1939, he wrote his masterpiece, The Grapes Of Wrath. This book was turned into an unforgettable film, which is still considered a great classic.
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• He died in New York, in 1968.
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John_Steinbeck
• 7. In 1962, he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature, with the honorary words, for “his realistic and imaginative writings, distinguished as they are by a sympathetic humor and a social perception.”
b. The physical waste land replaced the spritual waste land represented by T. S. Eliot
• II. Biography of John Steinbeck
1. Born in Salinas, California
• What is implied in the symbol “grapes”?
--- The “grapes” stand for the building up (集聚) of the pressure and imminence (迫在眉睫) of explosion into
violence
--- After Jim Casey was murdered, Tom Joad became the labor organizer to carry on Jim’s work with the powerful support and cooperation.
Dustbowl
Oklahoma dust bowl refugees. San Fernando, California.
John_Steinbeck约翰斯坦贝克
In the 1930‟s, tension between state agribusiness（农业综合企业） and the underpaid, overworked laborer was high.
Steinbeck‟s novels
Between 1935 and 1940 more than 350,000 people left the Dust Bowl（干旱尘暴区） for California. The West was viewed as the promised land, a place to start a new life. Steinbeck‟s trilogy(三部曲）, In Dubious Battle, Of Mice and Men and Grapes of Wrath deals with agricultural labor.
Themes of The Grapes of
Wrath
1 class conflict 2 Individual Vs. Society 3 Commitment 4 Man’s Inhumanity to Man
Steinbeck‟s novels
His novels deal with the struggles of ordinary people. His work was controversial because of his support for the underprivileged(下层社会的人).
Of Mice and Men
He won the New York Drama Critics‟ Circle Award in 1938. He won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1962. “for his realistic and imaginative writings, combining as they do sympathetic humor and keen social perception” 被誉为”触及了真正扎根于美国生活的主题。 “这部小说使斯坦贝克的名字在美国家喻户 晓。
约翰 斯坦贝克 介绍 John Steinbeck ppt课件
约翰 斯坦贝克 介绍 John Steinbeck
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His style and point of view
• Steinbeck’s best writing was produced by outrage at the injustices of society and by his admiration for the strong spirit of the poor.
约翰 斯坦贝克 介绍 John Steinbeck
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Award
• In 1962, Steinbeck was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature for his lifetime work, but primarily for the great works he produced in the 1930’s.
• 11.他将揭示我们许多沉重的错误和失败，同时 也要挖掘我们暗黑而危险的梦境中，可以有助于
人类进步的一丝光亮。
约翰 斯坦贝克 介绍 John Steinbeck
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• 12.此外，作家还应当宣扬和赞颂人类心 灵和精神已经证明的伟大能力――面对 失败的勇气、无畏的精神、同情和爱。 在对自身弱点和绝望的无止境的对抗中， 我们仍有着希望和进步作为我们的鲜明 旗帜。
• During the Depression years, his fiction combined warm humor, regionalism, and violence with a realistic technique which produced a unique kind of social protest.
johnsteinbeck英语简介_英文简历模板
john steinbeck英语简介约翰·斯坦贝克，20世纪美国作家，1962年获得诺贝尔文学奖，下面是小编给大家整理的john steinbeck英语简介，供大家参阅! john steinbeck简介John Steinbeck, American writer of the 20th century. Representative works are "between human and mouse", "angry grapes", "the moon went down", "Eden's East", "troubled winter" and so on.In 1902, Steinbeck was born in California, USA. In 1925, Steinbeck served as a journalist in The New York Times. But it was not long before he was disappointed and tired of the journalist's career. So he returned to California to join himself in his own creation. 1937 published novel "between human and mouse", published in 1939 novel "angry grapes". Won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1962. At the beginning of 1966, Steinbeck as a New York newspaper "News Daily" war correspondent to South Vietnam. Steinbeck returned to the United States and continued to write at home. In May 1968, his body began to fall, December 21, 1968, his death due to a heart attack.john steinbeck人物经历In 1902, John Steinbeck was born in Salinas, California, and his father, John Ernst Steinbeck, moved to the west after the war, operating the flour mill and served as the Monterrey County government for many years. Hamilton is a primary school teacher. Steinbeck has a lot of books in his childhood. In 1919, graduated from high school, served as a squad leader, the holidays often go to the pasture when the hired workers.1920-1925 enrolled at Stanford University, but often interrupted, or went to ranch when hired, or when the roadconstruction workers, or in the sugar beet factory as a chemist, while learning to write. In 1925 left Stanford University, did not graduate. Go to New York and want to be a writer. Done the workers and journalists, works have not been published.1926 - 1929 back to California, do all kinds of non-skilled workers, once in the tower and lake hunting grounds when the guard, was dismissed for negligence. Continue writing. 1929 published the first novel "Gold Cup", the content of a pirate how to become a governor, the novel subtitle entitled "Pirates of Henry Morgan's life story."Married in 1930, moved to the "Pacific Woodland", met marine biologist Ida Rickoz, after becoming a lifelong friend. In 1932 published the novel "Paradise Ranch", the book in an episode describes the story of several farmers in California. The same year moved to Los Angeles.In 1933, published the novel "Dedicated to an unknown god", describing a family westward California pioneer story. The same year moved to Monterey.In 1934, the short story "murder" won the European Henry Award. In 1935, published novella "pancake Ping", the novel describes a group of tramp life and friendship. The book was awarded the California Club Annual Gold Medal. From this book, Steinbeck's work is noted by critics.1936 published in the novel "winner", the novel describes the strike strike of the orchard, won the California 1936 Best Novel Award. Investigate the living conditions of Salinas and Bakersfield's wandering husbands and publish reports and travel to Mexico.1937 published in the novella "between human and mouse", the contents of the wandering season workers life idealdisillusionment. The book was sold well for the "Monthly Reading Club"; adapted to the script in New York staged, popular, won the "New York Drama Review" quarterly award. This year, Steinbeck traveled to New York to travel to Britain, Sweden and the Soviet Union. After returning home to join the Oklahoma farmland season workers moved westward until the team in California.In 1938, published short stories "Long Valley", received 13 works. Published in 1939 "angry grapes", the book to the US economic panic period as the background, describing the Midwest state farmers bankruptcy, escape and struggle. Issued a sensation, prompting the government to farmland season workers living conditions to investigate. In the same year was elected member of the National Art and Literature Institute.In 1940, "angry grapes" won the Pulitzer Prize, "American Best-selling Book Association Award" and "today's social service work award". In the same year Steinbeck went to Mexico to write a commentary for the movie "Forgotten Village". In 1941, published with Ricks co-wrote the monograph "Kurtz Sea".In 1942, Steinbeck and his wife divorced. Published for the Air Force wrote the book "bomb". Published novella "Moon goes", causing controversy. Adapted for the script in New York staged, continue to cause controversy.In 1943, remarried, moved to New York. New York "Herald Tribune" in Europe, from the United Kingdom, North Africa, Italy and other places to write about the second war news reports.In 1945, published novella "Can Factory Street", the writing of the town to live, back to the "pancake Ping" comedy style. Reprint "Little Red Horse", add the fourth part. In 1946, "the moon went down" by the Norwegian King Harken presented the "free cross".In 1947, published in the Mexican folklore novel "Pearl". The original draft was "Pearl of the World", published in the "Women's Family Good Friends" magazine (1945, No. 12). After the film into a movie. Published novels "not satisfied with the bus", write a capricious driver and the performance of various types of passengers. In the same year with photographer Robert Kabbah visited the Soviet Union.In 1948 elected to the "American Literature Research Institute". And Kabbah co-wrote "travel Russian diary" published. In 1950 published the novel "Flame", and Ailin Stern off marriage.In 1952, published the novel "Eden's East", writing two families moved westward after California's development. In 1953, went to Europe for the "Corrier" and other magazines to write essays of various essays. And the publication of "John Steinbeck novella", received "pancake pond", "little red horse", "between human and mouse", "the moon goes down", "can factory street", "pearl" TheIn 1954, published novella "sweet Thursday", the novel for the "canning factory street" sequel, reflecting the western town of comedy life. Later adapted for the light opera staged. In 1957, published the novel "Pi Ping IV's short-lived dynasty", subtitled "fictitious fabricated" to France as the background of the funny story.In 1958, the publication of the Battlefield Collection "had a war in the past." In 1961, published the last novel "troubled winter".In 1962, Steinbeck published his travel trip to the United States, "Charlie", to study the life of the United States after the war. December by virtue of "between human and mouse" won the Nobel Prize in literature.In 1964 won the "Free Press Medal" and "United States Medal of Freedom". In 1965, he wrote columns for Daily News, including the Vietnam War. At the beginning of 1966, Steinbeck as a New York newspaper "News Daily" war correspondent to South Vietnam. In 1968, died of heart disease, buried in Salinas.。
人与土地的和谐共处_评美国作家约翰_斯坦贝克的环境伦理观
福建师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)2004年第1期(总第124期)JOURNAL OF FUJ IAN NORMAL UN IV ERSIT Y(Philosophy and S ocial Sciences Edition )No 11,2004G eneral ,No 1124人与土地的和谐共处———评美国作家约翰・斯坦贝克的环境伦理观张昌宋(福建师范大学外国语学院,福建福州 350007) 摘 要:基于相信人与环境和谐关系的可能性,斯坦贝克从早年就开始探索一种环境伦理观,一种合理共存的模式。
在《美国与美国人》与《和查里一起旅行探索美国》中,他充分表达了“人和土地和谐共处”的观点。
从他的早期作品以及“群体人”观点和“非目的论”思想中也都能看出这种环境伦理观。
关键词:人;土地;和谐共处;环境伦理 ①②中图分类号:I10614 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1000-5285(2004)01-0101-05 约翰・斯坦贝克(John Steinbeck ,1902-1968)出生于加利福尼亚州的萨林纳斯镇,该镇离萨林纳斯河谷不远。
那是一个狭长和肥沃的农业地带,东面是盖比伦山脉,西边不远处就是太平洋沿岸的蒙特里海湾,海滩上有大量的海洋生物。
斯坦贝克从小在这一带游玩,热爱那里的每一棵树木,每一寸土地。
他对自然环境怀有一种特殊的感情,他的作品富于浓厚的乡土气息,表达作者对自然景色的热爱,对自然环境的关注。
因此,许多评论家说他既是一位出色的小说家,又是一个环境论者①。
人与土地的和谐共处是斯坦贝克环境伦理观的集中体现。
这一观点在他后期的《美国与美国人》(A merica and A mericans ,1966)和《和查里一起旅行探索美国》(T ravels w ith Charley :In Search of A merca ,1962)中表现得尤为明显,但他的早期作品也同样表现出人类对环境的关注,并始终贯穿于作品中的人物为建立与土地的和谐关系所进行的斗争中。
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-- the spokesman for the oppressed
• He was born in Salinas, California, in a long valley between two mountain ranges, which he used as the setting for many of his stories. • His father was a well-to-do flour miller who also served as a country official, and his mother was a school teacher.
• 12.此外，作家还应当宣扬和赞颂人类心 灵和精神已经证明的伟大能力――面对 失败的勇气、无畏的精神、同情和爱。 在对自身弱点和绝望的无止境的对抗中， 我们仍有着希望和进步作为我们的鲜明 旗帜。 • 13.我认为，一个作家如不热忱地相信人 类有自我提高可完美的能力，不配献身 于文学，也不配立足于文学界之中。
• 19.诺贝尔奖是为了人类世界中知识的累积和 传递；为了理解和交流――这正是文学的作 用。诺贝尔奖也是为了展示和平的能力－-这 是奖项所有意义中最为崇高的。 • 20.他死后不到五十年，自然科学的门被打开 了。人们被赋予了沉重得可怕的选择。 • 21.我们篡取了过去以为只有上帝才拥有的力 量。 • 22.人们恐惧，没有准备。我们臆想我们已经 可以主宰整个世界、所有生灵的生死。
His life
His life
• With his three older sisters, they were a family who enjoyed books, so Steinbeck did well at school. • He attended a university in California on and off for five years, studying literature and taking courses in writing.
Major Works
• His post-war novel The Pearl (1947) reflected his bitter feelings against those greedy elements of society which made the war possible.
Award
Acceptance Speech(III)
• 1. 我感谢瑞士科学院给予我的作品此最高的荣 耀。2. 我心中自问是否我比那些我所尊敬、景 仰的作家们更值得诺贝尔奖，但自己得到这个 奖项，我的自豪和喜悦是勿庸置疑的。 3. 依照惯例，获奖者将就文学的本质和发展方 向，发表学术性演说或个人的感想。可是，我 觉得在这特别的时刻，我们不妨思考文学创作 者的最高职责和义务。 4. 在诺贝尔奖的巨大威望的感召下，我不想像 只抱歉的老鼠一样说些感激的话，而是为我职 业的骄傲，为多年来献身于此的伟大而优秀的 人们，像只雄狮般呼吼！
His style and point of view
• Steinbeck’s best writing was produced by outrage at the injustices of society and by his admiration for the strong spirit of the poor. • During the Depression years, his fiction combined warm humor, regionalism, and violence with a realistic technique which produced a unique kind of social protest.
• 5.文学的传播，不是靠着评论界苍白贫乏 的说教者在他们空空如也的教堂里哼哼着 他们的连祷文，也不是隐士们的游戏，不 是吹牛的文学苦行者们无病呻吟的绝望。 6.文学和语言一样古老。它由人们的需要 而生，人类对它的依赖与日益增。 7.吟唱诗人，行吟诗人和作家们并不是离 群索居，隔离世外的。文学的功能、职责 和任务，从一开始就为我们的种族所注定 了。
• 23.危险或是荣耀，毕竟最终还是在人类自己手中 选择。人类是否可以到达完美的境界？考验正在 眼前。 24.获得了上帝般的伟力，我们必须从我们的自身 寻找那我们曾向神祈求的责任感和智慧。 • 25.人类自身已经成为我们最大的危险，和我们唯 一的希望。 • 26.所以今天，我们可以这样理解使徒圣约翰的话： “末世”有道，道就是“人”，道“与人同在”。 注：使徒圣约翰的原话是： In the beginning was the Word and the Word was with God and the Word was God“ (John 1:1). 太初有道，道与神同在，道就是神。
• 8.人类经历过一段灰色而荒颓的混乱年代。我伟 大的先驱者，福克纳曾在这里演讲，提起过这个 年代的悲剧，是长久弥漫全世界的肉体恐惧使人 们再无法感受到心灵，以致似乎只有人的内心和 人类自身的冲突才是值得描写的。 • 9.福克纳比其他人都更清楚地了解人类的力量， 以及人类的弱点。他了解，对人们的恐惧的体会 和解析，是作家们之所以存在的一个重要原因。 10.这并不是新的想法。作家的古老使命并没有 改变。 • 11.他将揭示我们许多沉重的错误和失败，同时 也要挖掘我们暗黑而危险的梦境中，可以有助于 人类进步的一丝光亮。
17.我读了阿尔福雷德诺贝尔的生平，书中将他叙 述成一个孤独的人，一个充满思考的人。他完善 了炸药的力量，使之既有美好的创造性，又有摧 毁性的邪恶力量――可是这力量本身无法选择， 不受良心和判断的左右。
18.诺贝尔目睹了对他的发明血腥残忍的误用。他 或许已经预见他毕生研究的最后结果—极端的暴 力，终极的毁灭。有人说他变得厌世，但我不相 信。我认为他努力想发明对这力量的控制—如同 一个安全阀。我相信他最后发现了，这只存在于 人类的思想和精神之中。对我而言，诺贝尔的思 想已经清楚地在这些奖项里体现了。
ConclusionБайду номын сангаас
• He wrote sympathetically about poor, oppressed California farmers, migrants, laborers, and the unemployed, making their lives and sorrows very understandable to his readers. • His influence was very wide in arousing public sympathy for the subjects of his novels.
His major works
• 1937- Of Mice And Men is a short novel, written almost like a play with six chapters, each of which represents a scene. It tells of the tragic friendship between a migrant farm worker and his enormously strong, feeble-minded friend whom he is finally forced to kill, as an act of kindness, to save him from a worse death at the hands of his oppressors.
• 14.当今全世界的恐惧，起源于我们对现实 世界中某些危险因素突飞猛进的掌控。 • 15.诚然，对其他层面的理解还没有跟上技 术的进步，但人们不会就此推定他们永不 能并驾齐驱。实际上，这也是作家的责任。 • 16.人类漫长而自豪的历史中，一直坚定地 抵御自然中的敌人，甚至曾经面对过几乎 确定的失败和灭绝的危险，如今我们若在 可能是人类最伟大的胜利的前夜离开战场， 便是真的懦弱而愚不可及。
• In 1962, Steinbeck was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature for his lifetime work, but primarily for the great works he produced in the 1930’s. • He died in New York, in 1968.
Major Works
• In 1937, he wrote Of Mice and Men, a short novel which established his reputation among literary critics as a major American writer. • In 1939, he wrote his masterpiece, The Grapes Of Wrath. This book was turned into an unforgettable film, which is still considered a great classic.
Major Works
• 1939- The Grapes Of Wrath is Steinbeck’s masterpiece. It is the story of a family from Oklahoma who are evicted from their small farm when they cannot pay their debts. They set out as migrants for California, to start a new life. Cruel police and employers mistreat them, some of them die, but the family somehow survives by all helping one another.