电气化铁路发展史

1.4 Emergence of Electric Railway
(1) Between the years 1867 and 1879 the development of the dynamo and motor went on apace(飞快地), but no experimental attempts appear to have been made to apply electric traction to railways, except for a small battery locomotive in the U.S.A. in 1875. (2) At the Berlin Exhibition of 1879 some 600 yards of track were laid, on which a little three-horse-power electric engine, designed by Werner von Siemens, hauled a load of some thirty passengers at a speed of four miles an hour. Current was supplied by a third rail laid between the track rails. 轨距1m，电 力机车重954kg，安装由约2.2kW串激式2极直流电动机，由 150V外部直流电源经敷设在线路中间的第三轨供电，两走 行轨回流。它牵引了三辆敞开式“客车”，每辆可坐6人， 最大时速可达13km。4个月的展览期间共运送8万多乘客。
1.2 Early Experiments
(1) The first experimental electric railway in the world is attributed to Thomas Davenport, a blacksmith of Vermont, U.S.A., who exhibited a small railway operated by a miniature electric motor in 1835. 利用电磁铁制作了往复 式电动机，驱动车辆在轨道上行使，供游人参观。 (2) A Scotsman(苏格兰人) named Robert Davidson built in 1838 an electric locomotive that attained a speed of four miles an hour. (3) In England a patent was granted in 1840 for the use of rails as conductors of electric current, and similar American patents were issued to Lilley and Colten in 1847.
Edited by Wu Mingli 2003.10
1.1 Social Demand
(1) The scientific wonder of today is the commonplace of tomorrow. This is certainly true of electricity„s application to our modern needs. The little electric models constructed by early inventors have developed into the electric expresses(快车) and giant electric freight engines, in use throughout the world at the present time. (2) The electric locomotive and electric motor coach(电动客车) may be regarded as natural developments that have followed steam traction. Their emergence is the result of social demand on the rapid train services for the new built-up suburban areas spreading in all directions round large cities.
2004铁道部高级专业技术人员培训 讲座之一 （1）
电铁发展
1 电力牵引的早期发展历史 2 我国及世界电气化铁路概况 3 法国TGV与德国ICE
北京交大电气学院 吴命利
1 电力牵引早期发展历史 Early Development History of Electric traction
1.1 Social demand 1.2 Early experiments 1.3 Invention of DC dynamo and motor 1.4 Emergence of electric railway 1.5 Early developments of electric railway
(3) Siemens„ demonstration led to other exhibitions at Brussels, Dü sseldorf, and Frankfurt. Siemens and Halske then built a line to Liehterfelde, near Berlin, one and a half miles long（柏 林近郊的利希特菲尔德车站至军事学院之间，长2.45km). This line, which was opened for traffic with one electric car in 1881 was the first public electric railway in the world. The motor was carried on a frame below the body of the car between the axles. Power was transmitted from the armature of the motor to drums on the driving axles by means of steel cables. The car carried twenty-six passengers, and ran at thirty miles an hour on a current supply of 100 volts. (4) 同年，法国巴黎国际电工展览会上展出了一条长500m用 两条架空线授电的电车线路。
THE THREE-HORSE POWER electric locomotive built by Werner von Siemens for the Berlin Exhibition of 1879. The engine, which created a great sensation(轰动) in its day, was mounted on a truck(转向架) with the drive to the axle through spur gearing(正齿轮).
1.3 Invention of DC Dynamo and Motor
(1) In 1858 Pacinotte invented the continuous current dynamo. This invention was followed by the development of self-energizing field magnets by three Englishmen - Wheatstone, Varley, and Ladd, by the German engineer Siemens, and also by the American inventor, Professor Farmer. 1861年 Siemens制作了直流发电机。 (2) This group of men, working quite independently, achieved the same result almost simultaneously in the years 1866-7. Three years later a French scientist, Gramme, produced the first practical direct current dynamo, with self-exciting field magnets and an armature wound with wire in the form of a continuous ring. Later the ring type of armature gave place to the drum armatures designed by Van Alteneck and Professor Rowland. (3) 1866年Siemens制作了直流电动机。
wenku.baidu.com 1.5 Early Developments of Electric Railway
(1) In the British Isles, the Brighton Electric Railway began to operate in August, 1883. Two years later an electric line was opened in Ireland between Bessbrook and Newry. Another early electric railway was that between Portrush and the Giant's Causeway, in Northern Ireland. (2) 1885年，英国在伦敦修建了第一条用架空线供电的电车线路，作为市内 交通工具。 (3) Railway engineers in the United States were quick to appreciate the advantages offered by electricity. Many American cities adopted the new form of transport. At first electric traction was confined mainly to tramway work, but in 1883 the first electric locomotive for use on standard gauge railways made its appearance on the Mount Macgregor and Lake George Railroad in the State of New York. This electric locomotive was designed by Mr. L. Daft. In 1885 Mr. Daft built an electric engine that ran for several weeks on New York„s elevated railway(高架铁路), after which it was rebuilt. The engine was again in service in 1888.
THE SIEMENS ELECTRIC RAILWAY laid down at the Berlin Exhibition of 1879.The short line was about 600 yards long, and current was drawn from a third rail between the track which acted as the return to the dynamo. The locomotive hauled a maximum of some thirty passengers at a speed of about four miles an hour.This historic illustration shows one of the earliest train loads of passengers, seated upon three carriages.
(4) In 1847, also, Professor Farmer operated an electric car carrying two passengers at Dover, New Hampshire. Between that year and 1858 numerous experiments were carried out in various parts of the world, in which small railand road-cars were operated by means of electric storage batteries. (5) 1850年，美国的霍尔利用地面上的电池作电源驱动车辆 运行。 (6) It was on April 29, 1851, that a small road-car, built by Professor Page of the Smithsonian Institute, attained a speed of nineteen miles an hour near Washington - to the utter destruction of the batteries.