文献讲解中英文献对比
《语言学类论文中英文摘要及物性对比研究》范文
《语言学类论文中英文摘要及物性对比研究》篇一题目:语言学类论文中英文章物性对比研究一、中文摘要本文旨在对语言学领域中中文和英文的及物性进行对比研究。
通过对中英文句子结构的分析,探究及物性在不同语言中的表现形式及差异。
研究显示,中英文在表达主语与宾语关系时存在显著的差异,本文将深入分析这些差异,并探讨其背后的语言文化和社会因素。
研究结果表明,中英文的及物性在表达方式、结构特点、语义内涵等方面存在较大差异,对于理解语言结构和语言应用具有重要意义。
二、英文摘要This paper aims to conduct a comparative study on the transitivity in Chinese and English in the field of linguistics. Through analyzing the sentence structure of Chinese and English, this study explores the manifestations and differences of transitivity in different languages. The research reveals that there are significant differences in expressing the relationship between subjects and objects in Chinese and English. This paper will deeply analyze these differences and explore the underlying linguistic, cultural, and social factors. The results show that there are significant differences in the expression, structural characteristics, and semantic connotations of transitivity in Chineseand English, which are of great significance for understanding language structure and application.三、物性对比研究在语言学领域,及物性是一个重要的概念,它涉及到句子中主语与宾语的关系。
科技文献中英文对照翻译
Sensing Human Activity:GPS Tracking感应人类活动:GPS跟踪Stefan van der Spek1,*,Jeroen van Schaick1,Peter de Bois1,2and Remco de Haan1Abstract:The enhancement of GPS technology enables the use of GPS devices not only as navigation and orientation tools,but also as instruments used to capture travelled routes:assensors that measure activity on a city scale or the regional scale.TU Delft developed aprocess and database architecture for collecting data on pedestrian movement in threeEuropean city centres,Norwich,Rouen and Koblenz,and in another experiment forcollecting activity data of13families in Almere(The Netherlands)for one week.Thequestion posed in this paper is:what is the value of GPS as‘sensor technology’measuringactivities of people?The conclusion is that GPS offers a widely useable instrument tocollect invaluable spatial-temporal data on different scales and in different settings addingnew layers of knowledge to urban studies,but the use of GPS-technology and deploymentof GPS-devices still offers significant challenges for future research.摘要:增强GPS技术支持使用GPS设备不仅作为导航和定位工具,但也为仪器用来捕捉旅行路线:作为传感器,测量活动在一个城市或区域范围内规模。
论文《英汉语对比研究的基本方法与创新》 阅读汇报PPT
3.3 求异求同的辩证观
• 自从普通语言学建立并成为世界各国语言学者自觉的研 究目标之后,异同问题就成为一个挥之不去的情结。异同 问题与个性、共性问题紧密相连,世界各语言之间既有 共性,也有个性
• 在这一问题上出现过三种主张:
• 第一种是共性论者,以为世界语言的共性要多于个性,语言研究应 以追求共性为目标。当今乔姆斯基的普遍语法基本上属于这一类。
2 对比是翻译研究的基础
2.1对比是外语学习和研究的最基本方法,也是翻译和翻译 研究的基础。翻译是两种语言之间的一种转换。而一进行 两种语言间的转换,对比就势不可免。(语言结构层面、 词汇、句法、语法、修辞、语用、语篇)
2.2文化最终要通过语言表述出来,因而仍然是一个语言问 题,其中仍然渗透着对比。(文化层面)
2.3 为什么要区别方法/方法论、本学科/非本学科的方法论?
方法论与方法不同,方法论是形而上的,是为研究 某一特定学科所使用的指导原则与规则。而方法是 为解决某一特定问题采用的具体方式与做法。
• 正因为方法论是“为研究某一特定学科所使用的”,因而 在实践中就会出现两种情况,一种是某些方法论只适合于 某一特定的学科,二是某一方法论既可用于这一学科,又 可用于那一学科,“方法论有的跨学科,有的则只适应于 特定的学科”的情况。
2.2 方法论与本体论的关系如何?
• 在我们的书里,我们把本体论和方法论的关系比作“体”、 “用”的关系。“体”是本体,在这里特指学科的性质、目标 和范围,“用”是应用,在这里特指实现目标的方法。
• 一个学科光有本体论的研究不够,还必须有方法论的研究,研 究如何才能更有效地达到本体研究所设定的目标
• 第二种是个性论者,强调各种语言的独特性乃至“不可通约性”,沃 尔夫有过这样的极端主张,一些早期的对比研究者例如中国的王力 也往往强调“求异为主”。
中外文献综述分析与对比
1.研究主题语步1通常出现在多数主题单元的开始部分,由五个成分来实现。
语步1在中外文献综述中所占比重都是最多的,分别占到74.41%和52.28%。
从各成分的分布情况来看,成分4数量最多(具体见表 3)。
这反映出中外应用语言学硕士在撰写文献综述时都注重对前人研究成果的回顾。
但中国硕士论文在回顾前人研究成果上有阐述冗长之嫌。
根据语料统计数据,30篇国外硕士文献综述中有13篇在开始部分明确提出了研究目的。
中国学生则较少直接提出研究目的,而是通过回顾大量文献引出研究设想。
另外,中外应用语言学硕士都较少直接提出研究问题。
多数中国学生会在语步1中表明研究内容,而国外硕士论文中只有11篇文献综述在该语步概述了研究内容。
2. 文献回顾在语步2中,论文作者需要通过确认研究空白,提出研究问题,发现研究成果中相同、不同或相反的观点对研究现状进行较为详尽的回顾。
由表4可以看出,绝大多数国外硕士论文都涉及到了不同观点的研究并且在成分总数中占到相当大的比重。
中国硕士论文在语步2的单元总数比重仅为10.15%,而且成分3的数量较少,说明中国学生在对既有文献进行归纳分析,对比前人观点上有所欠缺。
从成分1 和成分3的分布来看,中外硕士论文都很少用到这两个成分,没有能够依据文献综述清晰地推导出研究问题,确认研究空白。
3. 文献批判在对研究现状进行梳理和整合的基础上,文献综述应明确自己的观点,并对既有研究成果进行客观的评判,从而识别出前人研究的优势和缺陷,选择更适合的研究方法和理论。
在国外硕士论文文献综述中,语步3数量为16个,占成分总数的15.05%。
多数国外硕士论文都能直接明确的评判现有文献,或是对研究结果持肯定的态度,或是指出现有研究的局限性及问题所在;表明自己的观点之后,提供充足的理由或证据支持论点。
例如:例 1. This finding is powerful as it implies that familiarity with an accent or dialect can improve a listener’s perception of that variety and its speakers. (07UM01)例 2. A common limitation of these four studies, though, is that they have relied exclusively on researcher intuitions about what constitutes a formula, a matter which is open to claims of subjectivity.(09MSU03)例 3. The relative strength of this methodology is that it elicits the target form almost 100% of the time, leading to little data loss (at least for native speakers). A possible limitation of this technique lies in the nature of the writing task per se …Another limitation of this technique is that …(09CUC08)与之相反,中国学生对文献的批判性分析的成分仅为24个,占成分总数的4.69%。
英汉语言对比研究论文
摘要随着科学技术的迅猛发展和经济全球化,各国人们之间的交流已是一个必然趋势,我们对外交往中,跨文化的言语交际也显得愈发重要。
语言是文化的载体,文化差异反映到语言层面上则表现为语言差异,不同的国家和民族的语言表现出的文化背景和思维模式都有所不同,因此我们有必要把英语与母语进行对比分析,进一步认识英语和母语的特性与差异,从而促进文化交际。
本文将从语言与文化、综合语与分析语、刚性与柔性、形合与意合,四个角度对英汉两种语言进行对比与分析,从细节之处去感受两种语言的微妙差别,从而对英语的学习有更深刻的认识。
关键词:语言与文化综合语与分析语刚性与柔性形合与意合英汉两种语言内容一、引言二、教材篇1.语言与文化2.综合语与分析语3.刚性与柔性4.形合与意合三、课堂篇四、疑惑篇五、结语英汉对比研究语言是一面镜子,它反映着一个民族的文化,揭示该民族文化的内容;语言既是社会的产物,又是人类历史和文化的结晶。
同时语言与文化互相影响,互相作用;理解语言必须了解文化,理解文化必须了解语言。
汉语和英语则是在不同的历史背景和社会形态中形成的两种截然不同的语种,本质上都浸透着各自民族文化的特征,但是由于东西方不同的历史文化背景又使得汉英两种语言在交流中产生了碰撞。
本文将从语言与文化、综合语与分析语、刚性与柔性、形合与意合,四个角度对英汉两种语言进行对比与分析,进一步认识英语和母语的特性与差异从而对英语的学习有更深刻的认识,进而促进文化交际。
一、教材篇1.语言与文化语言和文化之间有着必不可分的内在联系:一方面,语言是文化的一个重要的因素,另一方面,文化的许多要素需要借助语言来表达,即:语言是文化的重要载体,文化是语言的管轨。
语言是文化的基石——没有语言,就没有文化;语言又受文化的影响,反映文化。
可以说,语言反映一个民族的特征,它不仅包含着该民族的历史和文化背景,而且蕴藏着该民族对人生的看法、生活方式和思维方式。
随着科学技术的迅猛发展和经济全球化,各国人们之间的交流已是一个趋势和必然。
中医典籍英译本的对比研究
中医典籍英译本的对比研究1. 引言1.1 中医典籍英译本的对比研究概述Introduction:Furthermore, this study will also delve into the cultural differences between Chinese and English languages, and how these differences influence the interpretation and translation of Chinese medical texts. By analyzing the impact of cultural context on translation accuracy, we can better understand the challenges and complexities involved in translating these ancient texts.2. 正文2.1 历史背景下的中医典籍英译本对比In the historical context of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) classics, the English translations of these texts have played a crucial role in promoting cross-cultural communication and understanding. The comparison of different English translations of TCM classics provides valuable insights into the evolution of translation strategies and the dissemination of TCM knowledge to the international community.2.2 不同版本中医典籍英译本的比较不同版本中医典籍英译本的比较可以通过对照不同翻译版本的文字内容、语言风格、翻译策略等方面进行分析。
中英文化差异文献综述
中英文化差异文献综述
随着全球化的发展,中英文化差异正在逐渐凸显。
本文通过综述
相关文献,从语言、礼仪、思维方式等多个方面来探讨中英文化差异
的本质及影响。
首先,从语言方面来看,中英文化差异表现在词汇、语法和语音
等多个层面。
在词汇方面,中文善于使用成语、典故,英文则偏重于
用词精准并喜欢使用口语化表达方式。
在语法方面,中文重视修辞,
尤其是借助诗歌、散文进行表达,而英文则更注重语法的正确性和清
晰度。
在语音方面,中文重读音节,英文则注重弱化一些辅音和元音。
其次,在礼仪方面,中英文化差异也非常明显。
中文注重的是人
际关系的构建和维护,在称呼、礼仪等方面非常讲究,比如“大舅”,“二舅”等称呼。
而英文则更注重的是个人的独立性和自我认同,比
如“Hi,John”这种简单的称呼方式。
最后,从思维方式方面来看,中英文化差异主要表现在价值观、
认知习惯和逻辑思维等方面。
中文注重的是人与人之间的亲情、友情
和爱情,强调情感和人情关系的重要性。
而英文注重的是自由、平等、法治等价值观,在行为上更注重效率和实用性。
在日常交往中,不了解中英文化差异可能会导致交流障碍和误解。
因此,我们应该学会尊重不同文化的差异,在交流中耐心倾听对方的
意见和看法。
同时,也应该加强文化交流和学习,逐步弥合中英文化
差异,实现更加和谐的国际交往。
0705英汉语篇对比与中国的文章之学
2007年9月第28卷 第5期外语教学F oreign L anguage Educa tionSep t.2007V o l.28N o.5英汉语篇对比与中国的文章之学潘文国(华东师范大学上海200062)摘 要:80年代以来语篇研究的兴起是西方传统语言学的一场革命,也是促使我们重新认知中国传统语言研究的一面镜子。
本文从对比语言学理论出发,提出了从中国传统概念出发的对比研究新思路,并首次对中国传统的文章学作了梳理和介绍,为这一对比提供了基础。
关键词:英汉对比;语篇研究;文章学中图分类号:H030 文献标识码:A 文章编号:100025544(2007)0520001205Abstract:T ex tual studies since1980s is a revo lu ti on again st traditi onal W estern lingu istics and at the sam e ti m e a m irro r w h ich gu ides u s in re2evaluating p re2modern lingu istic studies in Ch ina.T he paper suggests a new w ay fo r con2 trastive study betw een English and Ch inese w h ich starts from the theo ry and term ino logy in ancien t Ch ina.Fo r th is pu rpo se,it also attemp ts an in tial analysis of traditi onal Ch inese tex to logy.Key words:con trastive lingu istics;tex tual study;Ch inese tex to logy 篇章语言学是语言研究的“新宠”,自20世纪80年代兴起以来,发展迅速,已引起了越来越多的关注。
医学文献中英文对照
医学文献中英文对照动脉粥样硬化所导致的心脑血管疾病是目前发病率和死亡率较高的疾病之一;在动脉粥样硬化的形成过程中, 内皮细胞病变是其中极其重要的因素,最显着的变化是动脉内皮功能紊乱, 血管内皮细胞的损伤和功能改变是动脉粥样硬化发生的起始阶段;Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease caused by atherosclerosis is one of diseases with higher mortality and morbidity at present . In the formation of atherosclerosis, the endothelial cell lesion is one of the most important factors, in which, the most significant change is endothelial dysfunction. In addition, the injuries and the changes of vascular endothelial cells are the initial factors of atherosclerosis.许多因素会导致血管内皮细胞受损, 主要包括脂多糖 Lipopolysaccharides,LPS、炎症介质、氧自由基等;其中脂多糖因其广泛的生物学作用, 越来越引起研究者的关注;LPS 是一种炎症刺激物, 是革兰阴性杆菌细胞壁的主要组成成分,其通过刺激血管内皮细胞,引起其相关细胞因子和炎性因子的表达紊乱,尤其是Ca2+ 和活性氧簇Reactive Oxygen Species,ROS的合成和释放发生改变诱导细胞氧化应激内环境紊乱;大量研究表明, LPS直接参与动脉粥样硬化的形成过程, 特别是动脉粥样硬化血管炎症的初始阶段, LPS可通过直接作用或间接影响的方式激活并损伤内皮细胞, 从而引起血管内皮细胞形态与功能的改变;Many factors induce vascular endothelial cell damage, including lipopolysaccharides LPS, inflammatory mediators and oxygen free radical. Of which, LPS, due to its general biologic effects, is paid more and more attention from researchers. As a component of the outer membrane outer Gram-negative bacteria,LPS is an inflammatory stimulus, which induces disorder expression of apoptosis-related factors, by stimulating vascular endothelial cells, especially the releases of Ca2 And reactive oxygen species ROS induce oxidative stress in human umbilical vein endothelial cells HUVECs . Previous studies have indicated that LPS was directly involved in the process of atherosclerosis, especially in the initial stage of vascular inflammation, and damaged endothelial cells, causing the morphological and functional change of vascular endothelial cells.线粒体是由内、外双层膜组成的重要细胞器,是细胞呼吸和氧化磷酸化的主要场所,不仅为细胞的生命活动提供所需能量;而且线粒体结构功能受损与心血管疾病的发生密切相关;线粒体在细胞中起着很多重要作用,它不仅通过氧化磷酸化为细胞提供能量,同时也是凋亡信号的调节器和放大器;线粒体途径在细胞凋亡中至关重要,是细胞不可逆的进入凋亡程序的前兆;Mitochondria, composing of the inner membrane and outer membrane, is not only a crucial place for generating cellular energy by cellular respiration and oxidative phosphorylation OXPHO, but also involved in the endothelial cells apoptotic progression of atherosclerosis. Mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis is an essential signaling, which is the precursor of irreversible apoptosis;实验表明磷酸肌酸通过线粒体氧化磷酸化信号通路对抗LPS诱导的HUVECs细胞起到重要的作用;磷酸肌酸可以通过稳定细胞整体能量代谢、ATP合成酶和线粒体肌酸激酶CKmt,尤其是对细胞线粒体呼吸链FAD途径的显着影响来对抗LPS诱导的HUVECs细胞凋亡,提示磷酸肌酸可能通过保护内皮细胞功能对动脉粥样硬化或其他验证相关的心血管疾病起到治疗作用;Our present study strongly suggests that PCr plays a vital role in LPS-induced HUVECs through mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation signaling pathway. PCr improves creatine shuttle of HUVECs through directly enhanced ATP synthase and mitochondrial creatine kinase, and reactived FADH2pathway in mitochondrial respiration chain. Our work provides new insight for the noval antiapoptotic effects of PCr in endothelial cells, which may give a pharmacological basis for the clinical application of PCr for treatment of atherosclerosis or other inflammationrelated cardiovascular diseases which is related to endothelial cell apoptosis.。
参考文献中英对照
[1]雷斌,肖建庄.再生混凝土抗碳化性能的研究[J].建筑材料学报,2008(10):605-611[1] LeiBin ,XiaoJianZhuang. Research on Carbonation Resistance of Recycle Aggregate Concret [J]. Journal of building materials, 2008 (10) : 605-611.[2]张雷顺,王娟,黄秋风,邓宇.再生混凝土抗冻耐久性实验研究[J].工业建筑,2005(9):64-66 [2] Zhang Leishun, wang Juan, Huang Qiufeng Deng Yu. Study on frost resistance frost durability of recycled aggregate concrete. [J]. Industrial construction, 2005 (9) : 64-66.[3]叶青,纳米复合水泥结构材料的研究与开发[ J].新型建筑材料,2002(1):15-19[3] Ye Qing, the research and development of nanometer composite cement structure [J]. Journal of new building materials, 2002 (1) : 15 to 19[4]黄功学,谢晓鹏,纳米SiO2对水工混凝土耐久性影响试验研究[J].人民黄河,2011(70): 138-140[4]Huang Gongxue, Xie Xiaopeng, Experimental Study on the Effect of Nano-SiO_2 to Durability in Hydraulic Concrete.[J]. The people of the Yellow River, 2011 (70) : 138-140[5]肖建庄,刘琼,李文贵,Vivian Tam.再生混凝土细微观结构和破坏机理研究[J].青岛理工大学学报,2009(4):24-30[5] Xiao Jianzhuang, Liu Qiong Li Wengui, Vivian Tam, On the Micro-and Meso-Struture and Failure Mechanism of Recycle Concrete. [J]. journal of qingdao technological university , 2009 (4) : 24 to 30[6]杨青,钱晓倩,钱匡亮,王章夫,周堂贵.再生混凝土纳米复合强化实验[J].材料科学与工程学报,2011(10):66-69[6]Yang qing ,Qian Xiaoqian, Qian Kuangliang, Wang Zhangfu, Zhou, Tanggui. Recycled Concrete Intensified by Nano-materious [J]. Journal of materials science and engineering, 2011 (10) : 66-69[7]7]J. Camiletti,A. M. Soliman, M. L. Nehdi..Effects of nano- and micro-limestone addition on early-age properties of ultra-high-performance concrete[J]. Materials and Structures,2012(10) [8][8]P. Hosseini,A. Booshehrian,A. Madari.Developing Concrete Recycling Strategies by Utilizationof Nano-SiO2 Particles[J]. Waste Biomass Valor,2011(2):347–355[9]杜江涛.再生混凝土细观结构研究综述[M].广东建材,2010(4):55-57[9] Du Jiangtao. The Review of recycled concrete mesoscopic structure review [M]. Guangdong building materials, 2010 (4) : 55 to 57[10]肖建庄,兰阳,李佳彬,王军龙.再生混凝土长期使用性能研究进展[J].结构工程师,2005(6): 72-76[10]Xiao jianzhuang. lan-yang, Li Jiabin Wang Junlong. The Research of Long-term recycled concrete.[J]. Journal of structural engineers, 2005 (6) : 72-76[11]Laila Raki,James Beaudoin,Rouhollah Alizadeh,Jon Makar.Cement and Concrete Nanoscience and Nanotechnology[J]. Materials 2010(3):918-942[12]谢德文,纳米材料在混凝土中的应用研究[J].能源技术与管理,2008(5):105-113[12]Xie Dewen. The application of nano material in the concrete [J]. Energy technology and management, 2008 (5) : 105-113。
英汉语言对比方面论文参考范文
英汉语言对比方面论文参考范文语言不是静止不变的,而是会随着时间的变化,受社会因素影响产生变异的特殊符号系统。
下文是店铺为大家整理的关于英汉语言对比方面论文参考范文的内容,欢迎大家阅读参考!英汉语言对比方面论文参考范文篇1浅析语言学习中的英汉对比研究论文关键词:语言学习母语正迁移母语负迁移论文摘要:在二语学习中,学习者的母语会对二语习得产生独特的影响,因此在语言的学习中,要针对其特点,采取对应的方法。
英汉对比教学和学习能有效地降低语言学习中的母语负迁移,更好地发挥母语的正迁移作用。
1 引言二语习得过程中,母语会不可避免地对学习者产生一定的影响。
母语和二语之间的相似之处会促进语言的学习,此现象为母语正迁移;而不同之处将阻碍语言的学习,此现象被称之为母语负迁移。
学习者要有意识地发挥其有利的影响,降低其不利影响。
因此英汉对比研究对二语习得是非常必要的。
2 英汉对比学习的理论依据在二语习得过程中,母语会产生迁移作用,这是被语言学家所证实的事实。
Odlin(2001)这样定义语言迁移,它是一种跨语言的影响,这种影响是由学习者先前习得的语言和目标语之间的相似和差异引起。
语言之间的相似之处有助于二语的习得,这种影响称之为正迁移,而语言之间的差异会阻碍二语的习得,称之为负迁移。
在二语习得过程中,先前习得的语言,一般是母语,已经有了完善的知识结构和牢固的基础,这一特点给二语习得带来的既有积极的作用,同时也会产生负面的影响。
如何发挥其积极作用,减少负面影响是语言学习者有效提高语言学习效率的重要方面。
因此英汉不同之处的对比就变得尤为重要。
3 英汉对比的方面3.1 本体对比3.1.1 大小写方面在汉语中,我们不用考虑汉字的大小写,因为汉字不存在大小写的区别。
而英语的字母则不同,有大小写之分。
以汉语为母语的学习者,由于大小写概念不强,母语的不区分大小写的印象又很深,因此很容易在此方面出错。
英语中一个句子的首字母是必须要大写的,还有一些专有名词,如地名,人名,书名等。
英汉语言对比论文例文(2)
英汉语言对比论文例文(2)英汉语言对比论文例文篇3浅谈英汉语言对比与翻译摘要:作为翻译工作者,要产生高质量的译文,首先要了解原语和目的语各自的语言特点,译文要更符合目的语的语法规范和使用习惯,才能使译入语读者更自然地接受。
英语和汉语有着各自不同的语言特点,英语为综合-分析语,汉语为分析语; 英语重形合,汉语重意合;英语多被动,汉语多主动。
本文将从这几个方面对这两种语言进行分析和举例,希望对从事这方面工作的译者有所助益。
关键词:英汉语言对比翻译一、引言要做好两种语言间的翻译工作,就必须先对两种语言本身有所了解,对比分析是语言研究的重要手段之一,对不同语言进行对比分析不仅有利于语言交际,还有助于教学和翻译。
对比分析可以让人们进一步认识原语和目的语的特征,但真正意义上的对比分析,其兴起和流行是在20世纪50年代。
1957年美国语言学家Robert Lado出版了《跨文化语言学》(Linguistics Across Culture)一书,开启了现代应用对比语言学。
在我国则较晚,80年代对比语言学研究才得到语言学界的重视。
许多学者从宏观和微观两个方面对语言进行对比分析研究,他们既关注语言的内部形式和结构,又关注语言与社会文化之间的关系。
译者要产生高质量的译文,明白英汉两种语言各自的特点是前提。
二、综合语与分析语综合语的特征是运用语言的形态变化来表达语法关系。
Webster’s Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary将综合语定义为:A synthetic language is “char acterized by frequent and systematic use of inflected forms to express grammatical relationships”.德语、古英语、法语、拉丁语等都属于这类语言。
分析语的特征是不用形态变化而用词序及虚词来表达语法关系。
英汉对比研究参考文献
英汉对比研究参考文献一、引言1.1 背景介绍英汉对比研究是语言学中的一个重要分支,它通过比较英语和汉语之间的差异和相似之处,探讨两种语言的特点和结构。
这一领域的研究对于语言教学、翻译和跨文化交流等方面具有重要意义。
1.2 研究目的本文旨在通过对英汉对比研究的参考文献进行综述,总结目前该领域的研究进展和主要成果,为相关研究提供参考和借鉴。
二、文献综述2.1 英汉语言的差异英汉语言在词汇、语法、句法等方面存在着明显的差异。
例如,在词汇方面,英语中的同一个词可能有多个不同的意思,而汉语中的一个词通常只有一个意思。
在语法方面,英语倾向于使用动词来表达动作,而汉语则更注重名词的使用。
此外,英语的句子结构较为灵活,而汉语更加注重语序的规范性。
2.2 英汉语言的相似之处尽管英汉语言存在差异,但也有许多相似之处。
例如,在词汇方面,英汉两种语言都有名词、动词、形容词等词类,并且都具有复数形式和时态变化。
在句法方面,英汉两种语言都有主语、谓语、宾语等基本成分,并且都遵循一定的语法规则。
2.3 英汉对比研究的应用英汉对比研究在语言教学、翻译和跨文化交流等方面具有重要应用价值。
通过对英汉语言的对比分析,可以帮助学习者更好地理解和掌握两种语言的特点和用法,提高语言学习的效果。
在翻译方面,英汉对比研究可以帮助翻译人员更准确地理解和转化两种语言之间的差异。
在跨文化交流方面,英汉对比研究可以帮助人们更好地理解和适应不同文化背景下的语言和交流方式。
三、研究方法3.1 文献调研本文通过查阅相关文献,对英汉对比研究的参考文献进行综述。
文献调研是研究方法中的重要环节,通过系统地收集和整理相关文献,可以全面了解研究领域的现状和发展趋势。
3.2 数据分析本文对收集到的参考文献进行了深入的分析和整理。
通过对文献中的观点、研究方法和结论进行比较和总结,可以得出相关研究的主要成果和发展趋势。
3.3 结果总结在数据分析的基础上,本文对英汉对比研究的主要成果和应用进行了总结。
《语言学类论文中英文摘要及物性对比研究》范文
《语言学类论文中英文摘要及物性对比研究》篇一题目:语言学类论文中英文章物性对比研究【中文摘要】本文旨在探讨语言学领域中,中英文章物性对比研究的价值和意义。
文章首先介绍了语言学的基本概念和物性理论,接着详细阐述了中英文的物性差异,并通过具体文本分析的方式,比较了中英文在表达物性时的语言特点和差异。
通过分析我们发现,中英两种语言在表达物性时具有各自独特的优势和特点,这种差异源于两种语言的历史文化背景、语言表达习惯以及思维方式的差异。
本文的研究不仅有助于加深对语言学中物性理论的理解,同时对于跨文化交流和翻译实践也具有一定的指导意义。
【英文摘要】This paper aims to explore the value and significance of a comparative study on the noun phrase properties in both Chinese and English articles in the field of linguistics. The article first introduces the basic concepts of linguistics and the theory of noun phrase properties, then elaborates on the differences in noun phrase properties between Chinese and English. Through specific text analysis, we compare the linguistic features and differences in expressing noun phrase properties in both languages. The analysis reveals that Chinese and English have their unique advantages and characteristics in expressing noun phrase properties, which stem from the historical andcultural backgrounds, language expression habits, and thinking patterns of the two languages. The research in this paper not only helps to deepen the understanding of the noun phrase property theory in linguistics, but also has certain guiding significance for cross-cultural communication and translation practice.【正文】一、引言语言学是研究人类语言的科学,其中物性理论是语言学研究的重要分支之一。
中医典籍英译本的对比研究
中医典籍英译本的对比研究引言中医典籍是中华传统医学的重要组成部分,它们包含了丰富的医学理论和临床经验,对中医药的发展和传承起到了至关重要的作用。
由于语言和文化的障碍,中医典籍的英译本在国际上鲜为人知。
对中医典籍英译本进行比较研究,有助于促进中医文化的传播和理解。
一、中医典籍的重要性中医典籍是中国古代医学文献的集大成者,它们包括了《黄帝内经》、《神农本草经》、《本草纲目》等众多经典著作。
这些典籍不仅包含了丰富的疾病诊断治疗方法,还涉及了中医药的理论体系和临床实践经验,对于中医学的发展和传承至关重要。
由于中医典籍的语言和文字古老,许多国际学者无法直接阅读和理解其中的内容,因此中医典籍的英译本显得尤为重要。
二、中医典籍英译本的存在形式在国际上,有些中医典籍的英译本是由中医学者和研究者自行翻译的,比如《黄帝内经》的英译本就有多个版本,每个版本都有着不同的翻译方法和理解角度。
而有些中医典籍的英译本则是由国际医学界的学者和研究者翻译而成,他们通过对中医学的深入理解和研究,尝试将中医典籍的内容翻译成英文,以便国际学者能够理解和学习。
三、中医典籍英译本的比较研究针对不同中医典籍的英译本,我们可以进行对比研究,从翻译方法、理解角度、语言表达等方面进行分析和评价。
这样做可以让我们更加全面地了解中医典籍在不同文化和语言环境下的表达和理解,也有利于推动中医文化的国际传播和交流。
我们可以比较《黄帝内经》的不同英译版本,分析每个版本的翻译方法和理解角度,以及对原文中医理论的表达和诠释等方面的差异,从而找出优劣之处并且加以总结。
四、中医典籍英译本的问题与挑战尽管中医典籍的英译本在国际上发展缓慢,但是也面临着不少问题和挑战。
中医文化的特殊性和复杂性使得典籍的翻译极为困难,因为中医理论涉及到很多古代哲学、文学和宗教的内容,这些内容在不同文化环境下有着不同的理解和表达方式。
由于中医典籍的文字和语言古老,很多词语的翻译和表达没有一个统一的标准,导致不同英译本之间存在着很大的差异。
经济类文献中英文对照
Appendix:Shallow low-carbon economy influence on China's textile industry export trade, and puts forward thecountermeasuresNow, Low Carbon Economy (Low) this words few Economy growing near the public view, and began to people as well. Then, what is low-carbon economy?What is the influence of Low Carbon Economy for China's textile industry export trade?The concept of low carbon economy by the British government in 2003. In 2003, the British government in its energy in the future of our energy white: create low-carbon economy first put forward the concept of low carbon economy. So-called low carbon economy, low energy consumption, low in pollution and low emission of economic model based on human society, the agriculture civilization, industrial civilization again after the great progress. Low carbon economy is high energy utilization efficiency and clean energy structure, the core is the energy technology innovation, system innovation and human survival and development concept of fundamental transformation.Low carbon economy, and put forward not accidental, people increasingly recognize that human economic activities and continuous expansion has given us survive earth brings great destruction, direct consequences caused by the earth's environment is the serious pollution, global warming, sea levels rising land, and covered by the earth's environment change of abnormal natural disasters. The problem of our human society has their own survival and development caused a serious threat.Therefore, low carbon economy in the world, immediately, especially the western society developed economy has caused great resonance and responses. The world's economic superpower U.S. 2007, puts forward the low carbon economy act, suggests that low carbon economy development road became the important strategic choice for the future of the United States. In the same year, the United Nations passed a resolution on the climate change, established the "Bali roadmap", the requirement of developed countries in 2020 will greenhouse gas 25 to 40.Our country for low carbon economy also responded to the corresponding. In September 2007, Chinese President hu jintao in the asia-pacific economic cooperation (APEC) summit on the 15th, put forward to develop China solemnly low-carbon economy, demonstrated that we as a world power, environmental protection, to the world of the future of the human society sustainable development of responsibility and mission.In the third world, the industry has been developing countries is the pillar industries of national economy, high proportion. Because China's industrial technology, the whole process and equipment is still lags behind that of developed countries, China's industrial output energy consumed by far above the level of developed countries. At the same time, in China's energy resources distribution, the proportion of coal than other energy. According to the national bureau of statistics yearbook 2008 data released, in 2007, China's total energy production in coal, and the proportion of total energy production to % and clean energy water electricity, nuclear power, wind power proportion only per cent (see chart 1). In the energy consumption and theproportion of coal and % high (see chart 2). All the energy consumption and industrial consumption accounted for all % energy consumption. The above data shows that the carbon emissions, present in large quantity, under the situation of economic development is still with increasing trend.China is still at the stage of the high speed development of economy, the economic development is the country's top priority. This is a decision will be taken in our country although various measures to reduce pollution and reduce emissions, but because our country industry structure adjustment in the short term, not complete but energy structure and energy consumption in a long time will remain the current structure, so with the development of economy, China's total carbon emissions will increase. According to the United Nations development program in December 2007, the human development report, released in 2007, China 2008 "/ carbon emissions in America, only after the second in the world. Very likely surpass the United States in 2009, ranked first.If the requirement of western countries, China reduce carbon emissions, the present condition that the only way to stop the development of economy, it is clearly impossible choice. Because China's large population, although per capita emissions of carbon only American 1/5-1/6, but carbon emissions, facing the great western countries require reduction pressure. Especially in export trade, because our traditional exports are labor-intensive products, has obvious high investment, high cost and low technology, low output characteristic of high carbon economy in western countries, import and export trade imbalance of circumstances, more vulnerable to the pressurefrom western countries. Low carbon economy due to occupy the protection of the environment, the author thinks that moral point in the near future, low carbon economy will be waved for tools, western countries for our export trade adversely.Concretely speaking, there are two adverse effects:First, set on China trade barriers, increase product sales cost, make product price advantage loss in China.Western countries have been keen on recent discussions in developing countries levy duties, using the so-called carbon emissions of carbon of trade protectionism, developing countries, especially China's exports.So-called few Tariff customs (Carbon) refers to the special products imported high tariffs imposed Carbon dioxide emissions.The concept of a former French President Jacques chirac first, is intended to eu countries should abide by the Kyoto protocol, the country of import goods, otherwise in consisting of carbon emissions trading mechanism, the goods will suffer unfair competition, especially in steel industry and industry.March 2009, the us energy secretary ZhuDiWen if other countries have implemented compulsory measures for greenhouse gas emissions, America will collect "carbon tariffs.In early June 2009, held in Bonn UN climate change conference, a part of the U.S. representative proposed products imported from China tariffs.June 2009, 22 states Clean Energy Security Act as Clean Energy Security and the ACESA (representatives) testimony.Although at present in the world, there is no country in other countries import tariffs, but ACESA carbon tax law, including China, America has the right to limit the implementation of carbon emissions country not a carbon products imported tariffs. The U.S. senate has voted to act will formally went into effect, from the law gives the President of the United States to other countries levy duties of carbon. Once ACESA law goes into effect formally, not only the United States, other western countries will follow in succession, legally recognized the effectiveness of carbon tariffs. In the future, China's export trade, when China's exports was imposed some high carbon tariffs, export prices will greatly enhance the competitiveness of the market to lose.Second, the setting of non-tariff barriers, using standard will certain kinds of Chinese products according to the outside in.In western countries the non-tariff barriers is a typical market access standard set authentication. Will reach the standard of the products in the market of exclusion. Producers would make a lot of money into the western standards of human authentication work, increase the cost of production and reduce the product's competitiveness.So, in the international economic environment advocate low carbon, how should we respond to enterprises in China, which will be for the adverse effects bottomed out? The author thinks that the following measures should be adopted.First, the state should actively effectively adjust the industrial structure, and optimize the structure of trade, increasing the proportion of service trade. At the same time, the enterprise itself in the country shall be under the guidance of the realization ofthe enterprise and upgrading.1 National further through relevant industry policy formulation, adhere to take a new road to industrialization, to reform and opening up and technological progress as the power, enhance the ability of independent innovation, encourage and support the development of advanced production capacity, restrictions and backward production capacity, prevent haphazard investment and low level repeated construction, promote the upgrading of the industrial structure, the industrial structure in China to health, reasonable, effective, economical and ecological development, China's industrial structure has the features of sustainable development.2 Countries with capital, capital of guided by the entity economy, especially for individual into increased capital of the private economy, and to accelerate the investment of more high-tech enterprise development and support, and gradually changed our export with labor-intensive and resources, the present situation of denseness export products to improve the technology content and added value, improve the export-oriented enterprises within the production of independent intellectual property rights, and gradually reduce and get rid of high-tech products exported by foreign intellectual property.3 To propel the development of service trade, trade in services of China exports asa new growth point. To improve the competitiveness of China's service trade, trade in services of more high-tech content, vigorously develop e-commerce, China's foreign trade in services on a scale from to get basic level of ascension.4 For enterprise itself, our enterprise shall present interests and long-termdevelopment prospect together, establish good green environmental protection consciousness, automatic completion of the production and operation of enterprises and upgrades. Labor-intensive and resources-intensive enterprise, the enterprise shall be as the primary problem to transformation, shall not be satisfied with current income and operating conditions. Enterprises should pay attention to technical transformation and technological innovation and development, promote the upgrading of products. Avoid industry competition between homogeneity, low-level, through the technology development, with characteristics, differentiation, brand products in the international market competition. While increasing market development, eliminate non-traditional rely on a single market. With high-tech enterprise shall capital-intensive in national policies and the support of capital, with independent intellectual property products in the international market competition, grasps the core technology, completes the intellectual property protection and the overseas registered, enhance the international competitive power.Second, the country should in international exchanges, relying on China's great-nation station for export trade favorable international environment.1 Our government actively participate in international economic cooperation between the bilateral and multilateral process, should play in various international economic cooperation organization, relying on the role in economic strength, for more power. Fully grasping the common international convention, the connotation and essence of the world through such platform, by international dialogue between western developed countries, especially in the dialogue and maintain our interests.January 2009 - July, according to the ministry of commerce of China statistical, 17 countries (regions) of China launched trade relief investigations, involving a value 72 million (2008) of billion dollars, and % percent year-on-year growth of anti-dumping, anti-subsidy and 45, and safeguard measures, July 13 safeguard. Based on the related government domestic interests and irresponsible in a certain extent, the deterioration of our export trade adverse environment. China must fully mastered represented by the dispute settlement mechanism of the WTO agreement, the connotation of series of positive response to such action, more relevant countries with the same auxiliary anti-dumping investigation, polite courteous response in relevant international negotiations, maintain the initiative in the lawful rights and interests of export enterprises.2 At the same time, China's export enterprise shall be in strict accordance with the national policies and regulations of production and operation. Enterprises to strengthen international trade rules of learning and understanding, abide by the traffic rules, respect the habits and customs of the exporter, strengthen the coordination between the domestic industry with constraints, avoid the malicious competition between enterprises short-sighted.Third, our country should strengthen the development about low-carbon economy theory research, carbon trading policies and regulations, actively participate in international trade, domestic charcoal carbon trading market, and start to determine the price of carbon trading.So-called carbon trading, means carbon emissions trading is put forward by theBritish, the idea that all countries on the quantification of carbon emissions, establish a system based on buying carbon emissions, reduce carbon emissions quota, enterprise, its emissions in the international market sale index, and other enterprises can buy carbon emissions permits. Nature is let production enterprise to be on the enterprise of carbon emission quotas, which sell profit by cleaner production technology energy, On the other hand carbon emissions in large enterprises under the condition of normal production, in order to save money buying carbon emission quotas, and other alternative choice of clean energy, thereby reducing social general carbon emissions.In the Kyoto protocol signed on the basis of the international has established several international carbon emissions trading market. The Kyoto protocol stipulates three forms of carbon trading, including the clean development mechanism (CDM) and emission trading (ET) and joint performance (JI).As the world's second largest carbon emissions, our country is most resource potential resource supply carbon trading. However, due to the international carbon trading rules are basically formulated by the western developed countries, China's lack of discourse. For example, CDM project is between China and the western countries for carbon emissions trading. 2008 China CDM project of certified emissions reductions of volume, has the world's total volume 84%. But because of the lack of carbon emissions trading and international trading platform of 2 class market in China, and direct the certified reduction in price sell developed countries, thus make foreign trade agency, and obtain profits in the developed countries cheap emissions into tools.Therefore, established the China's carbon trading market for international carbontrading, market, from carbon trading chain can be the lowest layer, have more power highunemployment, pricing, and to ensure that the interests of Chinese enterprises.At the same time, according to the Kyoto protocol, the provisions in the CDM mechanism, the amount of carbon dioxide emissions constraints of developed countries and government agencies, enterprises can through the technology transfer or investment in developing countries, and the energy conservation and emission reduction projects, so as to achieve the project cooperation that reduce carbon dioxide emissions. This is the inheritance of the enterprise in the green upgrades created favorable conditions. Our enterprise should be under the guidance of the active participation in direct economic benefit for the condition, also can get energy conservation and emission reduction technology upgrading channels, the low cost of green upgrades to complete the enterprise. Thus likely to high-value textile products to participate in international competition.附录:浅析低碳经济时期下我国纺织业出口竞争力的影响及对策此刻,低碳经济( Low Carbon Economy)这个辞汇愈来愈多的走近公众的视野,并开始为人们所知悉。
文献讲解中英文献对比
举例(example):
22
The choice between a Figure or a Table
• 表格:很方便地列举大量精确数据或资料; • 图形:直观、有效地表达复杂数据,尤其是不同组数据间的
比较、关联、趋势等; • 表格和图形应具有“自明性” ; • 图表题名:准确而清楚地表达出数据或资料的含义, 切忌简单
Work unit
8
• 作用:
摘要(Abstract)
以提供文献内容梗概为目的, 不加评论和补充解释, 简明、确切地记叙文献 重要内容的短文。摘要的作用是使读者在不用阅读论文全文的情况下,了 解论文所涉及的主要内容,从而决定是否继阅读全文。
• 内容:
1.论文所研究问题的背景与意义
2.论文研究的主要内容
地描述数据
23
图表要求
• 图形 图形本身以及图形标题。图形标题写在图形下方,对图形文 字进行说明,根据正文提及的先后顺序连续编号。
• 表格 表格标题和表格本身,标题写于表格上方并要连续编号。表 格采用三线表,不出现表格竖线。
24
JACS
Nature
化学学报
Title
Title
authors information
14
• 要点: 1、作者要精准的把握所研究领域的前沿问题以及对国内外 同行研究进展的把握。 2、中文文献存在的问题是引言过于简陋,没有解释“为什 么要 做”而直接进入“做了什么实验”。
15
举例(example):
background
Challenge and limitation
application
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
• α-呋喃丙烯酸蔗糖酯的合成及抑菌活性研究 • 表面活性剂与荧光分子的超分子组装体的构建及其传
感应用研究
• 基于碳点多功能纳米载药体系的制备及pH响应释药性 能研究
作者(Author)
• 作用: 1.表明该项研究成果为作者所拥有 2.表明作者承担责任 3.有助于作者与读者相互联系 • 内容:作者信息包括作者姓名,工作单位,联系方式等。 • 格式:写在论文题目之下多作者的署名,按照对研究工作与论文撰写的贡献 大小进行排名。其中通信作者是实际负责人,不管其处于哪一个位置,其重 要性基本与第一作者相同。 • 国家标准(GB/T 16159-1996) : 汉语人名按姓和名分写,姓和名 的开头字母大写, 如: Wang Jianguo (王建国)
• 内容:论文最终的,整体的结论 • 要求:体现作者更深一层次的认知,从全篇论文的 全部材料出发,经过推理,判断,归纳等逻辑分析 的过程而得到的新的学术总观念,总见解。
对所做研究的简短总结
实验结果的说明,原理解释
研究领域存在的局限性与挑战
研究成果的应用发展与对未来 发展的预测展望
参考文献(Reference)
JACS
Title authors information Abstract Key words Introduction Results and discussion Experimental section Associated content (supporting information) Acknowledgment References
Nature
Title authors information Abstract Introduction Results Methods Discussion References Acknowledgment Author contributions Additional information (supporting information、 Competing financial interests、 How to cite this article)
准确(Accuracy) 简洁(Brevit核心内容的主题词放在题名开头。
2.避免使用不常见的缩略语,略语或者代号。 3.中文最好不超过20个汉字,英文最好不超过10 – 12个单词。
Example
Conversion of Molecular Information by Luminescent Nanointerface Self-Assembled from Amphiphilic Tb(III) Complexes 超分子荧光纳米级自组装两性铽化合物生物传感器 Transparent air filter for high-efficiency PM2.5 capture 可高效捕获PM2.5的透明空气过滤器
Thanks !
• 表格和图形应具有“自明性” ;
• 图表题名:准确而清楚地表达出数据或资料的含义 , 切忌简单 地描述数据
图表要求
• 图形 图形本身以及图形标题。图形标题写在图形下方,对图形文 字进行说明,根据正文提及的先后顺序连续编号。 • 表格 表格标题和表格本身,标题写于表格上方并要连续编号。表 格采用三线表,不出现表格竖线。
中英文献调查
学术论文写作的国家标准
题名(Title)
引言(Introduction)
前 置 部 分
作者(Author)
关键词(Key words) 摘要(Abstract)
主 体 部 分
正文(Body) 结论(Conclusion)
参考文献(Reference)
题名(Title)
一、内容: 清晰地反映文章的具体内容和特色, 力求简洁有效、重 点突出。
化学学报
题名 作者信息 摘要 关键词 英文(题名,作者信 息,摘要,关键词) 引言 实验方法 结果讨论 结论 参考文献 致谢
感悟与收获
1.理解研究论文的基本大纲,文献的大致构成,更好的阅读理解文献。
2.对国内外相关领域期刊有更深刻的了解。 3.组员学习交流,合作能力提升。 4阅读中英文献数篇,提高研究论文的阅读与写作能力。
• 要点: 1、作者要精准的把握所研究领域的前沿问题以及对国内外 同行研究进展的把握。 2、中文文献存在的问题是引言过于简陋,没有解释“为什 么要 做”而直接进入“做了什么实验”。
举例(example): background
Challenge and limitation
application
Example
author
Work unit
author
Work unit
• 作用:
摘要(Abstract)
以提供文献内容梗概为目的, 不加评论和补充解释, 简明、确切地记叙文献 重要内容的短文。摘要的作用是使读者在不用阅读论文全文的情况下,了 解论文所涉及的主要内容,从而决定是否继阅读全文。
• 内容: 1.论文所研究问题的背景与意义 2.论文研究的主要内容 3.主要研究成果 4.研究成果的意义
• 格式 1、中文文献摘要后要相对应的附上英文文摘。 2、要研究论文摘要的长度一般为150词~300词 为宜,学位论文或会议论文的摘要字数稍长一 点。
Example
研究主要成果 研究主要应用
研究的意义
英文摘要
中文摘要
关键词(Key words)
• 内容:从论文中选取出来,能够表达全文主题内容的单词 或者术语。 • 格式:关键词一般选取3~6个,排在摘要的下方。
New research
significance of the study
正文(Body)
• 内容:论文所体现的创造性成果或者新的研究结果。 • 要求:内容充实,论据充分可靠,论证有力,主题明确。 • 格式: 1.实验:具体包括所用材料,材料的制备方法,表征技术, 性能测试方法等客观性描述。 2.结果与讨论 (1)实验结果:描述性说明内容。 (2)讨论:对实验结果的分析,讨论和推测。
举例(example):
引言(Introduction)
• 内容: 论文所研究课题的背景,目的,范围,对前人已有工作的 评价,理论基础和实验依据。突出研究的意义和价值,回 答“作者为什么要做这个研究”。 • 格式: 1、精炼,篇幅不长,吸引读者。 2、一般300~1000字(根据整篇论文来确定)。
Example
讨论的基本内容
• 对结果提出说明、解释或猜测; 根据这些结果, 能得出何种 结论或推论? • 指出研究的局限性以及这些局限对研究结果的影响; 并建议 进一步的研究题目或方向。
• 指出结果的理论意义 (支持或反驳相关领域中现有的理论、 对现有理论的修正)和实际应用。
结论(Conclusion)
• 内容:本文引用的参考文献列表,与正文译一一对应,是正文引用文献的来 源链接。
举例(example):
The choice between a Figure or a Table
• 表格:很方便地列举大量精确数据或资料; • 图形:直观、有效地表达复杂数据,尤其是不同组数据间的 比较、关联、趋势等;