汽车碰撞两轮车事故分析方法研究

i
万方数据
Abstract
With the slather of two-wheelers and increase of vehicle population, the accidents of vehicle and two-wheelers are rising. Based on the statistical results of the 2012 national traffic accident, accidents relating to the collision between vehicle and two-wheelers accounted for about 25.62%. Due to the multiple of this accident, the contradiction between the parties is increased, and the main problem is the identification of accident responsibility. However, the indentification of collision speed is the major aspect for the identification of accident responsibility, which is applied scientific and accurate accident reconstruction method. Therefor, researching the accident analysis methods of different accident types can greatly improve the level of accident treatment. This paper sets a table including 23 accident collection items, and 212 accident data of vehicle and two-wheelers is collected, which is mainly distributed in Shanxi, Henan and Jiangsu. And the accident data is encoded and established a data base. After that, the encoded accident data is used to make a sample statistical analysis, from two accident types: vehicle and bicycle or electric bicycle accidents, vehicle and motorcycle accidents, and made a statistical analysis from the aspects of human - vehicle - road – environment. The results show that the number of vehicle and motorcycle accident is the largest, which is accounted for 51.89%; and the number of vehicle and bicycle accident is the least, which is accounted for 11.32%. But the vehicle and bicycle accident is the most serious, whoes lethality rate is 0.81; and the vehicle and electric bicycle accident is followed, whoes lethality rate is 0.55. The accident analysis methods are researched from two aspects: vehicle-bicycle or electric bicycle accident and vehicle-motorcycle accident. The research on vehicle-bicycle accident reconstruction methods, which are the methods based on braking trace, pedestrian throw distance, debris throw distance and photogrammetry, mainly analyses its inputs, outputs, error and applicability. After the method of braking trace distance is analysed, this paper proposes an estimated method of tire-road friction coefficient on accident reconstruction. The results show that the model relative errors are within 4%. For vehicle-motorcycle accident analysis methods, the trajectory model and accident analysis methods based on momentum method and deformation energy method are analysed. In the trajectory model, the major analyses are that the applicability of tire model and vehicle dynamics model for the trajectory model, and the characteristics of different trajectory model. In the accident analysis methods based on momentum method and deformation energy
ii
万方数据
method, the momentum method mainly analyses the characteristics of 2D collision model and Ishikawa collision model; and the deformation energy method mainly analyzes the characteristics of deformation energy model and empirical formula method. And the CRASH VIEW software is used to calculate the accident case, and the calculation process of this software is amplified. Finally, the uncertainty analysis is applied to the accident reconstruction based on momentum method and deformation energy method. The components of equivalent speed as uncertain factors in the energy method are evaluated; and the uncertain factors in the momentum method are analysed, which are the quality of vehicle and motorcycle, the velocity angle between vehicle and motorcycle before collision, the velocity angle between vehicle and motorcycle post collision, as well as the velocity of vehicle and motorcycle. Keywords: Statistical analysis; The analysis method of accident; Friction coefficient; Collision mode; Uncertainty analysis
分类号： U27；U46 10710-2011122029
硕士学位论文
汽车碰撞两轮车事故分析方法研究
杨震
导师姓名职称 申请学位级别 工学硕士
陈涛
教授 车辆工程 2014 年 6 月 8 日
学科专业名称
论文提交日期 2014 年 5 月 4 wenku.baidu.com 论文答辩日期 学位授予单位 长安大学
万方数据
The Research of Analysis Method for Vehicle and Two-wheelers Crashes
A Dissertation Submitted for the Degree of Master
Candidate：Yang Zhen Supervisor：Prof. Chen Tao
Chang’an University， Xi’an， China
万方数据
万方数据
摘
要
我国为摩托车、自行车及电动自行车使用大国，而随着机动车保有量的增加，汽车 与两轮车事故随之攀升。据 2012 年全国交通事故统计结果表明，涉及汽车与摩托车、 自行车、电动自行车的事故占 25.62%。由于我国汽车与两轮车事故的多发性，导致当 事人之间的矛盾增加，其主要问题是事故责任的认定。应用科学准确的事故再现方法对 碰撞车速进行鉴定，是事故责任认定的重要内容。因此，研究不同事故形态的事故分析 方法，对于提高事故处理水平具有重要意义。 本文制定了 23 个事故采集项，采集了 212 起汽车与两轮车事故数据，其主要分布 于陕西、河南、江苏等省份。将事故数据编码处理后，建立了事故数据库。从汽车与自 行车、 电动自行车事故、 汽车与摩托车事故两大类形态进行分析， 并分别从人、 车、 路、 环境四个方面分别进行事故特征分析，结果表明，汽车与摩托车事故最多，占事故总量 的 51.89%；汽车与自行车事故最少，占事故总量的 11.32%。但从伤亡程度来讲，汽车 与自行车事故最为严重， 致死率为 0.81； 其次为汽车与电动自行车事故， 致死率为 0.55。 从汽车与自行车、电动车事故、汽车与摩托车事故两方面进行事故分析方法研究。 对汽车与自行车事故分析方法的研究，主要分析了制动痕迹法、骑车人及自行车抛距模 型、散落物抛距及视频图像法的输入、输出、误差及适用性。对制动痕迹事故再现方法 分析后，建立了基于模糊控制模型的附着系数估算方法，结果表明试验值与计算值相对 误差在 4%之内。 在对摩托车与汽车碰撞事故分析方法的研究中， 分析了再现轨迹模型及基于动量法、 变形能量法的事故再现方法。在再现轨迹模型中，主要分析了轮胎模型与车辆动力学模 型适用性对轨迹模型的影响，以及不同运动轨迹模型的特点。在基于动量法、变形能量 法的事故分析方法中，动量法主要分析了二维碰撞模型与 Ishikawa 碰撞模型的特点，而 变形能量法主要分析了变形能量模型与经验公式法的特点。运用 CRASH VIEW 软件对 事故案例进行再现研究，详述了软件的计算过程。 最后，对能量法、动量法事故再现方法进行不确定性分析。能量法中以汽车等效车 速分量作为不确定因子进行不确定度评定，而动量法中以两车质量、碰撞前两车速度方 向夹角、碰撞后两车速度方向夹角及碰撞后两车速度等作为不确定因子进行分析。 关键词：统计分析，事故分析方法，附着系数，碰撞模型，不确定性分析