2018年职称英语的理工类新增文章译文
职称英语阅读理解译文理工类A级
职称英语阅读理解译文理工类A级手机增加交通行人死亡手机在路上有多种多样的危险。
两个新的研究表明，不管开车还是步行时打手机，都会增加行人、司机和乘客死亡的危险，所以该研究建议严厉限制行人和司机使用手机。
这是一项第一整理为罗格斯大学纽瓦克分校的经济学教授Peter D.Loeb 的新研究成果，它把手机的意外致命的影响和大量手机使用数量了解起来，表明目前由于手机所引起的死亡数目有所增加，而在此之间的一段时间里，手机事实上能够帮助降低行人和交通致命率。
但研究发现，当手机使用人数达到1亿这个临界数量时，手机降低交通致命率的作用就消失了。
这些研究涉及到从1975年到2002年间的手机使用和机动车辆事故之间的关系，也涉及包括车速、酒精消耗、安全带的使用和行驶的里数等其它方面。
这些研究表明甚至当考虑比如速度、酒精消耗和安全带的使用这些因素时，二者之间的关联也是真实存在的。
在目前，Loeb和他的合著者决定手机的使用"在行人安全上有严重的反作用"并且"手机的使用数量已经超过了临界数量也增加了机动车辆的致命性。
"在20世纪80年代末和90年代的一段时间，在手机使用数量达到大爆炸之前，手机的使用确实在交通事故中起到过"保护生命的作用"。
"当发生交通意外时，手机使用者能够快速地打电话寻求医疗帮助，这种快速的医学求救反应确实能在一定时间内减少一定数量的事故死亡"，Loeb假设。
但是，在20世纪80年代当手机开始被使用时并不是这样，在那时手机在行人、司机和乘客间造成了"致命的效果。
"在早些日子里，那时有不到一百万部手机，致命率增加了，Loeb说，因为司机和行人或许在那时还在适应怎样使用它们，还没有足够的手机能够在事故中呼叫帮助，他解释说。
这"保护生命的效果"是在20世纪90年代当大数量的手机被使用的时候出现的，越来越多的手机在事故之后拨打911求助，这就降低了致命率，Loeb 解释说。
职称英语理工类阅读理解练习题及答案
职称英语理工类阅读理解练习题及答案2018年职称英语理工类阅读理解练习题及答案Life is beautiful for some people, these people’s lives are for a goal.以下是店铺为大家搜索整理的2018年职称英语理工类阅读理解练习题及答案，希望能给大家带来帮助!Irish Dolphins may have a unique dialectIrish scientists monitoring dolphins living in a river estuary in the southwest of the country believe they may have developed a unique dialect to communicate with each other.The Shannon Dolphin and Wildlife Foundation (SDWF)1 has been studying a group of up to 120 bottle-nose dolphins in the River Shannon2 using vocalisations collected on a computer in a cow shed3 near the River Shannon.As part of a research project, student Ronan Hickey digitised and analysed a total of 1,882 whistles from the Irish dolphins and those4 from the Welsh dolphins on a computer and separated them into six fundamental whistle types and 32 different categories5. Of the categories, he found most6 were used by both sets of dolphins7 -- but eight were only heard from the Irish dolphins."We are building up a catalogue of the different whistle types they use and trying to associate them with behaviour like foraging, resting, socialising and the communications of groups with calves," project leader Simon Berrow said. "Essentially we are building up what is like a dictionary of words they use or sounds they make."Berrow, a marine biologist, said the dolphins' clicks are used to find their way around and locate prey. The whistles are communications. "They do a whole range of other sounds likebarks, groans and a kind of gunshot," he said. "The gunshot is an intense pulse of sound. Sperm whales use it to stun their prey."When I first heard it I was surprised as I thought sperm whales were the only species who used it. We can speculate the dolphins are using it for the same reason as the sperm whales," Berrow said.References8 in local legend indicate there have been dolphins in the Shannon estuary for generations and they may even have been resident there as far back as the 6th century9.They are regularly seen by passengers on the Shannon ferry and an estimated 25,000 tourists every year take special sightseeing tours on local boats to visit them.词汇：Irish adj. 爱尔兰的 socialise v. 社交，交往dolphin n.海豚bottle-nose dolphin 宽吻海豚 sperm whale 巨头鲸click n. 咔哒声，喀嚓声estuary n. 河口，江口vocalisation n. 发声shed n. 小屋，棚digitalise v. 使数字化whistle n. 啸声forage v. 搜寻(食物) prey n. 被捕食的动物gunshot n. 射击声groan n. 呻吟，叹息pulse n. 脉冲stun v. 击昏注释:1. The Shannon Dolphin and Wildlife Foundation (SDWF): 香农海豚与野生生物基金会。
2018科技英语翻译整理
2018科技英语翻译上篇(共20个)1.P.23 例2This type of spring is extensively used in electrical instruments,and deserves special consideration.这种弹簧广泛应用于电工仪表中，因此值得专门考虑一下。
2. P.24 例3If the reaction took hours,and not seconds,the fuel costs would be prohibitive.如果这一反应要花费数小时，而不是几秒钟，燃料费就太高了。
3. P.24 例7Keep the batteries in dry places,and electricity may not be made to leak away.（如果）把蓄电池放在干燥的地方，就不会漏电。
4. P.25 例12In other words mineral substances which are found on earch must be extracted by digging,boring holes,artificial explosions,or similar operations which make them available to us.换言之，矿物就是存在于地球上，但必须经过挖掘、钻孔、人工爆破或类似作业才能获得的物质。
5. P.25 例14The solar wind grossly distorts the earth’s magnetic field,dragging it out to a long tail. 太阳风使地球磁场的形状发生很大的变化，将它向外拉牵，扯出一条长尾。
6. P.26 例17The substitution of some rolling friction for sliding friction results in a very considerable reduction in friction.用滚动摩擦代替滑动摩擦，会大幅度减少摩擦力。
职称英语教材新增文章详解
xx职称英语教材新增文章详解xx年时间已经公布，距离现在还有20天时间。
今年的职称英语考试新增了文章，也出现了一个很有趣的现象，理工卫生综合的新增文章都是补全短文，都是新增了5篇文章，而且内容也一样。
了“Common Questions about Dreams”这篇补全短文，这是综合C,理工C以及卫生C的新增文章，供大家学习。
Common Questions about DreamsDoes everyone dream?Yes. Research shows that we all dream. We have our most vivid dreams during a type of sleep called Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep. During REM sleep, the brain is very active. The eyes move quickly back and forth1 under the lids, and the large muscles of the body are relaxed. REM sleep ours every 90-100 minutes, three to four times a night, and it lasts longer as the night goes on. 1 We dream at other times during the night, too, but those dreams are less vivid.Do people remember their dreams?A few people remember their dreams. However, most people forget nearly everything that happened during the night —dreams, thoughts, and the short periods of time when they were awake. 2 It seems that the memory of the dream is not totally lost, but for some reason it is very hard to bring itback2. If you want to remember your dream，the best thing to do is to write it down as soon as you wake up.Are dreams in color?Most dreams are in color. However, people may not be aware of it for two reasons ：They don’t usually remember the d etails of their dreams, or they don’t notice the color because it is such a natural part of our lives. 3Do dreams have meaning?Scientists continue to debate this issue.3 4 Some people use dreams to help them learn more about their feelings, thoughts, behavior, motives, and values. Others find that dreams can help them solve problems. It’s also true that artists, writers, and scientists often get creative ideas from dreams.How can I learn to understand my dreams?The most important thing to remember is that your dreams are personal. The people, actions, and situations in your dreams reflect your experience, your thoughts, and your feelings. Some dream experts believe that there are certain types of dreams that many people have，even if they e from different cultures or time periods. Usually, however, the same dream will have different meanings for different people. For example, an elephant in a dream may mean one thing to a zookeeper and something very different to a child whosefavorite toy is a stuffed elephant. 5 Then look for links between your dreams and what is happening in your daily life. If you think hard and you are patient, perhaps the meaning of your dreams will bee clearer to you.词汇：vivid /'vivid/ adj. 清晰的，生动的，逼真的lid /lid/ n. 眼睑(=eyelid)motive /m?utiv/n. 动机stuffed /st?ft/adj. 填充的，塞满了的注释：1. back and forth：来回地，反复地。
2018年职称英语考试理工类B级练习阅读理解(2)职称英语理工B
2018年职称英语考试理工类B级练习阅读理解（2）职称英语理工BInvisibility RingScientists can"t yet make an invisibility cloak1 like the one that Harry Potter2 uses.But,for the first time,they’ve constructed a simple cloaking device that makes itself and somethingplaced inside it invisible to microwaves.When a person "sees" an object,his or her eye senses many different waves of visiblelight as they bounce off the object.The eye and brain then work together to organize thesesensations and reconstruct the object"s original shape. So,to make an object invisible,scientists have to keep waves from bouncing off it.And they have to make sure the objectcasts no shadow.Otherwise,the absence of reflected light on one side would give the obiectaway.Invisibility isn"t possible yet with waves of light that the human eye can see.But it is nowpossible with microwaves.Like visible light,microwaves are a form of radiant energy.Theyare part of the electromagic spectrum,which also includes radiowaves,infrared light,ultraviolet rays,X rays,and gamma rays.The wavelengths of microwaves are shorter thanthose of radio waves but longer than those of visible light.The scientists" new "invisibility device" is the size of a drink coaster and shaped like aring.The ring is made of a special material with unusual ability.When microwaves strike thering,very few bounce off it.Instead,they pass through the ring,which bends the waves allthe way around until they reach the opposite side.The waves then return to their originalpaths.To a detector set up to receive microwaves on the other side of the ring,it looks as if thewaves never changed their paths as if there were no object in the way！ So,the ring is effectively invisible.When the researchers put a small cdpper loop inside the ring,it,too,is nearly invisible. However,the cloaking device and anything inside it do cast a pale shadow.And the deviceworks only for microwaves,not for visible light or any kind of electromagic radiation.So,Harry Potter"s invisibility cloak doesn’t have any real petition yet.词汇：invisibility/invizE5biliti/n.看不见,无形spectrum/5spektrEm/n.光谱cloak/klEuk/斗篷,披风 infrared/5infrE5red/adj.红外线的microwave/5maikrEuweiv/n.微波 ultraviolet ray 紫外线reconstruct/5ri：kEn5strQkt/v.重建 gamma ray 伽马射线radiant/5reidjEnt/adj.辐射的 wavelength/5weivleNW/n.波长electromagic/IlektrEJ5mA^nItIk/adj.电磁的coaster/5kEustE （r）/n.托盘,垫子练习：1.Harry Potter is mentioned in the passage,because scientistsAcan now make an invisible cloak of the same kind as he uses.Btry to make an invisible cloak of the same kind as he uses.Ctry to invent a device Similar in idea to the invisible cloak he uses.Dknow that it is possible to make an invisible cloak of the same kind.2.What is true of microwaves？ATheir wavelengths are shorter than those of visible light. BTheir wavelengths are longer than those of visible light.CThey are different from visible light as they are a kind of radiant energy.DThey are visible to the human eye.3.What is NOT true of the invisibility device？AIt is made of a special material with unusual ability.BMicrowaves bounce off it when they strike it.CMicrowaves pass through it when they strike it.DIt bends the microwaves all the way around until they reach the oppositeside.4.What does the word "coaster" mean in the passage？AA disk or plate placed under a drinking glass to protect a table top.BA vessel engaged in coastal trade.CA roller coaster.DA resident of a coastal area.5.Harry Potter"s invisibility cloak doesn’t have any real petition yet,becauseAscientists have not found out how his cloak works.Bthe cloaking device is a total failure.Cthe cloaking device works only for microwaves.Dthe cloaking device works only for visible light.答案与题解：1.C文章的第一段告诉我们,科学家还没有发明哈里。
【2018-2019】理工类职称英语-word范文 (2页)
many a许多的
more 0r less或多或少
no more than不过，仅仅;和...一样
make the most of充分利用
every now and then有时，时时，偶尔
now and then时而，不时
0ff and on断断续续，不时地
a great/good many 0f许多，大量
nlore and mole越来越
no more不再
at(the)most最多，至少，不超过
neither…nor既不…也不
just now刚才，一会儿以前
now that既然，由于
and so on等等
all at once突然;同时，一起
以下文字仅用于测试排版效果, 请使用时删除！
冬是清寒的。站在有风的地方，悄然回首，看见来时的路。一路有花的娇艳，有草的青葱，有树的挺拔，有鸟的鸣叫。抬起头，天空蓝的清澈。风起时，有笑颜。
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== 本文为word格式，下载后可方便编辑和修改！ ==
理工类职称英语
at last最终，终于
no less than决不少于，不亚(次)于
little by little逐渐地
as/so long as只要，孕育着来年的昌盛。隐忍才是最有力的，也因此，寂寞的冬天给人以太多的幻想与渴望。会去渴望温暖的一炉壁火，也会想要一个温暖的怀抱。围炉煮雪，相拥着取暖。
习惯了把心情种在寂寞里过冬，深耕一陇陌上的花开。等待着，下一季的盛景。不会忘记冬的情怀，圣诞节的钟声会敲响，冬有自己的辉煌。静静的写下一首小诗，待到花开时，扦插在那枝头，为冬吟。
职称英语教材理工类新增文章汇总
职称英语教材理工类新增文章汇总部门： xxx时间： xxx整理范文，仅供参考，可下载自行编辑2018年职称英语理工类阅读理解新增文章篇目*第三十四篇 Batteries Built by Viruses*第三十八篇 Longer Lives for Wild Elephants野生大象寿命更长注：1、+表示A级文章；*表示B即文章；其他为C级文章；2、完形填空请参见第21页；3、2018年词汇部分与2018年教材相比未作任何变化。
*第三十四篇Batteries Built by VirusesWhat do chicken pox，the common cold, the flu，and AIDS have in common? They’re all disease caused by viruses，tiny microorganisms that can pass from person to person．It's no wonder1 that when most people think about viruses, finding ways to steer clear of2 viruses is what's on people's minds．b5E2RGbCAPNot everyone runs from the tiny disease carriers, though3．In Cambridge, Massachusetts4, scientists have discovered that some viruses can be helpful in an unusual way．They are putting viruses to work, teaching them tobuild some of the world's smallest rechargeable batteries．p1EanqFDPwViruses and batteries may seem like an unusual pair，but they're not so strange for engineer Angela Belcher，who first came up with5 the idea．At the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT> in Cambridge, she and her collaborators bring together different areas of science in new ways．In the case of the virus-built batteries, the scientists combine what they know about biology, technology and production techniques．DXDiTa9E3dBelcher's team includes Paula Hammond，who helps put together the tiny batteries, and Yet-Ming Chiang，an expert on how to store energy in the form of a battery．“We’re working on things we traditionally don’t associate with nature．” says Hammond．RTCrpUDGiTMany batteries are already pretty small．You can hold A．C and D batteries6 in your hand．The coin—like batteries that power watches are often smaller than a penny．However，every year，new electronic devices like personal music players or cell phones get smaller than the year before．As these devices shrink, ordinary batteries won't be small enough to fit inside．5PCzVD7HxAThe ideal battery will store a lot of energy in a small package．Right now，Belcher's model battery，a metallic disk completely built by viruses，looks like a regular watch battery．But inside，its components are very small—so tiny you can only see them with a powerful microscope．jLBHrnAILgHow small are these battery parts? To get some idea of the size，pluck one hair from your head．Place your hair on a piece of white paper and try to see how wide your hair is—pretty thin，right? Although the width of each person's hair is a bit different，you could probably fit about l0 of these virus—built battery parts，side to side，across one hair．These microbatteries may change the way we look at viruses7．xHAQX74J0X词汇：chicken pox水痘microorganism n．微生物metallic adj．金属的collaborator n．合作者，协作者pluck v．拔，摘，采注释：1．no wonder：不足为奇的，难怪2．steer clear of：避开，绕开3．though：意思为“然而，可是”。
最新-2018职称英语理工类A级教材原文借鉴及自己整理版word版 精品
阅读判断：第11篇：Bill Gates: Unleashing Your Creativity（A级）I've always been an optimist and I suppose it is rooted in my belief that the power of creativity and intelligence can make the word a better place.For as long as I can remember, I've loved learning new things and solving problems. So when I sat down at a computer for the first time in seventh grade, I was hooked. It was a clunky old teletype machine and it could barely do anything compared to the computers we have today. But it changed my life.When my friend Paul Allen and I started Microsoft 30 years ago, we had a vision of "a computer on every desk and in every home", which probably sounded a little too optimistic at a time when most computers were the size of refrigerators. But we believed that personal computers would change the world. And they have.And after 30 years, I'm still as inspired by computers as I was back in seventh grade.I believe that computers are the most incredible tool we can use to feed our curiosity and inventiveness -- to help us solve problems that even the smartest people couldn't solve on their own.Computers have transformed how we learn, giving kids everywhere a window into all of the world's knowledge. They're helping us build communities around the things we care about and to stay close to the people who are important to us, no matter where they are.Like my friend Warren Buffett, I feel particularly lucky to do something every day that I love to do. He calls it "tap-dancing to Work". My job at Microsoft is as challenging as ever, but what makes me "tap-danceing to work" is when we show people something new, like a computer that can recognize your handwriting or your speech, or one that can store a lifetime's worth of photos, and they say, "I didn't know you could do that with a PC5 !"But for all the cool things that a person can do with a PC, there are lots of other ways we can put our creativity and intelligence to work to improve our world6. There are still far too many people in the world whose most basic needs go unmet7. Every year, for example, millions of people die from diseases that are easy to prevent or treat in the developed world.I believe that my own good fortune brings with it a responsibility to give back to the world. My wife, Melinda, and I have committed to improving health and education in a way that can help as many people as possible.As a father, I believe that the death of a child in Africa is no less poignant or tragic than9 the death of a child anywhere else, and that it doesn't take much to make an immense difference in these children's lives.I'm still very much an optimist, and I believe that progress on even the world's toughest problems is possible -- and it's happening every day. We're seeing new drugs for deadly diseases, new diagnostic tools, and new attention paid to the health problems in the developing world.I'm excited by the possibilities I see for medicine, for education and, of course, for technology. And I believe that through our natural inventiveness, creativity and willingness to solve tough problems, we're going to make some amazing achievements in all these areas in my lifetime.比尔·盖茨：发挥你的创造力我一直是个乐观主义者，我想这是因为我深信创造力和智慧能使世界变得更美好。
【优质文档】职称英语理工类教材阅读理解的文章及译文(2)-优秀word范文 (1页)
【优质文档】职称英语理工类教材阅读理解的文章及译文(2)-优秀word范文本文部分内容来自网络整理，本司不为其真实性负责，如有异议或侵权请及时联系，本司将立即删除！== 本文为word格式，下载后可方便编辑和修改！ ==职称英语理工类教材阅读理解的文章及译文(2)World Crude Oil Production May Peak a Decade Earlier Than Some Predict Ibrahim Nashawi and colleagues point out that rapid growth in global oil consumption has sparked a growing interest in predicting peak oil . Peak oil is the point where oil production reaches a maximum and then declines . Scientists have developed several models to forecast this point ， and some put the date at 2020 or later . One of the most famous forecast models is called the Hubbert model 2. It assumes that global oil production will follow a bell shaped curve 3. A related concept is that 4 of Peak Oil . The term Peak Oil indicates the moment in which world wide production will peak ， afterwards to start on irreversible decline .However ， recent studies show that the model is insufficient to account for 5 more complex oil production cycles of some countries . Those cycles can be heavily influenced by technology changes ，politics ， and other factors ， the scientists say . 词汇：crude oil 原油 curve n .曲线 1. ACSEnergyFuels ： ACS 是American Chemical Society 的缩写。
最新-2018全国职称英语考试理工A文章复习资料 精品
2018理工A阅读理解、完型填空、新增文章复习资料目录阅读理解+第三十四篇Batteries Built by Viruses+第三十五篇Putting Plants to Work （2018理工B真题）+第三十六篇Listening Device Provides Landslide Early Warning+第三十七篇"Don't Drink Alone" Gets New Meaning+第三十八篇"Life Form Found" on Saturn's Titan（2018真题）+第三十九篇Clone Farm+第四十篇Teaching Math, Teaching Anxiety（2018新增文章）+ 第四十一篇Too Little for Global Warming+ 第四十二篇Renewable Energy Sources+ 第四十三篇Forecasting Methods（2018理工A真题）+ 第四十四篇Defending the Theory of Evolution Still Seems Needed+ 第四十五篇Small But Wise （2018年真题）+ 第四十六篇Ants have Big Impact on Environment as "Ecosystem Engineers"（2018新增文章）+ 第四十七篇Listening to Birdsong+ 第四十八篇Researchers Discover Why Humans Began Walking Upright （2018教材新增）+ 第四十九篇U. S. Scientists Confirm Water on Mars+ 第五十篇Cell Phones Increase Traffic, Pedestrian Fatalities完型填空：+第十五篇（2018新增）"Liquefaction" Key to Much of Japanese Earthquake Damage+第十二篇（2018新增）Free Statins With Fast Food Could Neutralize Heart Risk*第十篇（2018新增）Chicken Soup for the Soul: Comfort Food Fights Loneliness+第十四篇Sharks Perform a Service for Earth's Waters2018年教材新增文章第二部分阅读判断*第八篇What Is a Dream?*第十篇The Biology of Music+第十一篇Bill Gates: Unleashing Your Creativity+第十四篇Stage Fright第四部分阅读理解*第二十九篇I’ll Be Bach第五部分补全短文第四篇The Bilingual Brain*第十篇How Deafness Makes It Easier to Hear+第十五篇 A Memory Drug?理工A复习说明：2018 阅读理解带加号，重点要求17篇，第34-50篇，较2018年增加了7篇文章（这7篇原来是2018理工B的文章）这里注意下，第35篇Putting Plants to Work（非2018新增文章）是2018年理工B的真题，2018年应该不会考到。
职称英语理工新增文章翻译
第六篇不要太在意睡眠我们每个人的大脑里都有一个像我们床边的闹钟一样的生物钟。
人脑里的生物钟24小时走一圈，这一圈也就是一次完整的昼夜节律，正是这个节律决定了我们吃饭、睡觉和起床的时间。
青春期时，人的生物钟在定时方面会发生变化，生物钟会提前。
这时，青少年会比以前睡得晚，所以当你妈妈告诉你该睡觉时，你的生物钟可能会让你多推迟几小时，并且电脑或电视光线可能会导致你熬夜到更晚。
生物钟的这种变化对青少年说是正常的，但熬夜到太晚会打乱你生物钟与昼夜时间循环之间的平衡，这样就会带来一些问题，例如：早晨很难按时起床。
位于美国罗得州布郎大学睡眠方面的研究员Mary Carskadon说：“当青少年睡眠不足时会打不起精神，这将影响到他们心情、学习和思考问题的状态。
”其实生物钟与闹钟一样，也是可调的，事实上，生物钟每天都在进行着自我调节，其方式就是通过你眼睛接收到光线的变化。
很早之前，科学家就知道了昼夜光线强弱的变化对生物钟调节起到了重要的作用，长久以来，研究者们认为眼睛所接受到的平衡生物钟的光信号同样作用于人类的视觉系统。
但最近几年的研究发现，人类眼睛有两个感光系统，一个是视觉系统，而另一个是感知昼夜的系统。
第十九篇石墨烯的超强力量当今重大科学技术均以“微型”来呈现，新手机和个人电脑每年都在变得更小，这就意味着电子设备要求内部零件更小，工程师们正在寻求制造这些零件的方法，他们逐渐把目光投向了石墨烯——一种由碳元素构成的超薄材料。
这种材料将改变电子设备的未来。
今年的诺贝尔物理学奖颁发给了来自英国曼切斯特大学的Andre Geim和Kostya Novoselov，以表彰他们对石墨烯的发现。
Novoselov说：“石墨烯不仅小，而且它是世界上所能找到的最薄材料。
”他把它称作“神奇材料”。
石墨烯极薄，25 000片石墨烯叠放在一起才与一张普通白纸一样厚。
如果把一片石墨烯放在手指上，你根本就不会发现，因为你没办法看到它。
碳是宇宙中最多的一种元素，已知的生命体中都含有碳。
职称英语理工类英语阅读理解
职称英语理工类英语阅读理解TV Shows and Long Bus TripsThe beginning of the ride is fortable and somewhat exciting, even if youve traveled that way before. Usually some things have changed---new houses, new buildings, sometimes even a new road. The bus driver has a style of driving and its fun to try to figure it out the first houror so. If the driver is particularly reckless or daring,the ride can be as thrilling as a suspense story. Will the driver pass the truck in time? Will the driver move intothe right or the left-hand lane? After a while, of course, the excitement dies down. Sleeping for a while helps pass the middle hours of the ride. Food always makes bus rides more interesting. But youve got to be careful of what kindof food you eat. Too much salty food can make you verythirsty between stops.1. Aording to the passage, what do the passengersusually see when they are on a long bus trip?B) Films on television.D) Gas stations.A) To give the writers opinion about long bus trips.C) To explain how bus trips and television shows differ.3. the writer of this passage would probably favorB) driving alone.D) no billboards along the road.A) the mercials both on TV shows and on billboards along the road are fun.C) the drivers are always reckless on TV shows just as they are on buses.。
新增1篇职称英语理工类(B)文章
*第六篇The Apgar TestThe baby was born at 3:36 p. m. At 3:37, she scored 4 out of 10 on her first test. At 3:41, she scored 8 out of 10. The doctor was glad.Another baby, born at 8:24 p. m., scored 3 out of 10 on his first test. He scored 4 out of 10 onhis second test. He took another test at 8:34 and scored 5. 1~ " He called for help'.These newborn babies took a test called the Apgar test. This test helps doctors diagnose problems.一2一Most babies take two tests. The first is at I minute after birth, and the second is at 5 minutes after birth. If a baby's score at 5 minutes is less than 6, the baby takes another test at 10 minutes after birth.、rThc Apgar test is not an intelligence test. It's a test that shows a baby's health right after it is born. The Apgar test measures things such“a baby's color, heart rate, and breathing. The test has five parts, and the score for each part can卜0, 1, or 2.. 3A doctor named Virginia Apgar developed the test. Apgar went to medical school at ColumbiaUniversity in New York City in 1929. She faced many challenges because she was the first womanin the program. However, she was one of the best students in her class. After medical school, shestarted treating patients。
【最新推荐】职称英语理工类教材的阅读理解文章及译文(4)-范文word版 (2页)
【最新推荐】职称英语理工类教材的阅读理解文章及译文(4)-范文word版本文部分内容来自网络整理，本司不为其真实性负责，如有异议或侵权请及时联系，本司将立即删除！== 本文为word格式，下载后可方便编辑和修改！ ==职称英语理工类教材的阅读理解文章及译文(4)Motoring Techonlogy 1.2 million road deaths worldwide occur each year , plus a further 50 million injuries . To reduce car crash rate , much research now is focused on safety and new fuels - though some electric vehicle and biofuel research aims at going faster . Some safety developments aim to improve your vision . Radar can spot obstacles in fog , while other technologysees throughbig vehicles blocking your view . But whatever is in the fuel tank , you dont want a thief in the driving seat and there have been manyinnovations . Satellite tracking and remote communications can also come into play if you crash , automatically calling for help . 1. To reduce car crash rate , many scientists are working hard toB . develop faster electric vehicles . D . improve the safety of cars and develop new fuels . A . heavy traffic .C . engine failure . 3. Which of the following safety developments is NOT mentioned in the passage ? B . Radars that can help drivers to see obstacles in fog .D . Improvements in seat belts , pedal controls and tyres . A . reduce oil consumption . C . call for help when ones car crashes . 5. Which of the following statements is true of robotic drivers ? B . Robotic drivers are not allowed to driveon busy roads . D . Robotic drivers are too expensive to use . 1. C 文章第一段的意思是：在世界范围内，每年发生120万起交通死亡事故，加上5000万起伤残事故，因此正在进行的许多研究的重点是安全问题和新燃料问题，尽管一些电动车和生物燃料的研究旨在达到更快的速度。
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2010年职称英语等级考试用书（理工类）新增文章参考译文第四部分阅读理解第三篇公民科学家理解大自然对气候变化有怎样的反应需要监视世界各个角落的关键生命周期事件——花开、叶子的出现、第一只青蛙叫出春天的到来。
但是生态学家不可能去到世界的各个角落，所以他们向非科学家求助，这些非科学家有时也被称作公民科学家。
气象科学家不可能足迹遍及天下。
因为在世界上有如此多的地方，没有足够的科学家来观察它们。
所以他们请求你来帮助观察全世界气候变化的迹象。
公民科学家运动鼓励普通人根据自己的兴趣来观察某一个特定的方面——鸟儿、树木、花开等等——并把他们的观察结果发送到一个巨大的数据库来供专业科学家研究。
这有助于数量有限的科学家得到如果只靠他们自己根本收集不到的巨大数据。
就像公民记者帮助报道传统新闻报道方式所忽略的小型社区的相关信息一样，公民科学家也对他们所居住的环境很熟悉。
所需要的就是每天或每周留出几分钟来搜集数据并发送过来。
一群科学家和教育家在去年发起了一个叫做纽约国家物候学的组织。
“物候学”就是科学家们所说的在自然中研究每个事件的时间。
其中一个小组的首要尝试就是依靠科学家和非科学家来收集关于每年植物开花和长叶子的数据。
这一项目叫做花季追踪计划，它收集遍布美国的各种各样的植物生长周期的数据。
参与这一项目的人们——这一计划对所有人开放——把他们的观察记录在花季追踪计划网站上。
“人们不需要是植物学家——他们仅仅需要环视四周看看周围有什么。
”JenniferSchwartz说，她是这项计划的教育顾问。
“通过收集数据，我们就能够估算出气候变化对植物和生物群落会有怎样的影响。
”第六篇北极冰山融化地球的北极和南极都以冰冷闻名。
但是，去年北冰洋上的冰含量跌到了历史最低点。
正常情况下，每年冬天在北极附近的北冰洋开始结冰，并在夏天缩减。
但是多年以来，在夏天结束时冰的含量在下降。
自从1979年以来，每l0年在夏季末的冰覆盖量都下降11.4％。
在1981到2000年之间，北极冰的厚度下降了22％——变成了l.13米这么薄。
去年，北极的冰雪覆盖达到了最薄的程度。
在2007年夏天快结束的时候，冰层已经缩减到只覆盖四百二十万平方公里。
这比那年的平均覆盖面积少38％，比两年前最低记录少23％。
这个持续的趋势令科学家们万分担忧。
冰雪融化有许多原因，话雅图华盛顿大学的海洋学家张金伦说，有许多原因导致了冰层融化。
极不寻常的强风去年刮过大西洋，风把大西洋中部的冰散去，留下大面积的薄冰和没有冰覆盖的海面。
科学家们还怀疑在大西洋上空有比过去越来越少的云层。
晴朗的天空使更多的阳光照射大西洋。
升高的温度使水和空气都变温暖。
在去年大西洋的部分海域，表面温度比平均温度高3.5摄氏度，比历史最高点还高l.5摄氏度。
由于空气和水都变暖，冰从上面和下面都开始融化。
在波弗特海的部分海域，阿拉斯加的北部和加拿大的西部，夏天开始时冰的厚度为3.3米，但到了季末仅仅为50厘米。
新的测量表明，情况远远比科学家们仅仅从表面上看到的要严重得多，新罕布什尔州汉诺威市的地球物理学家Donald K．Perovich说。
一些科学家担心北极已经深陷变热的趋势不能恢复。
第三十三篇专家呼吁局部和区域控制放射性废物地点撤消内华达州尤卡山作为一个潜在的核废物处置库重新开启了关于怎么和往哪里处理乏核燃料和高放核废物的讨论。
在七月十日的科学报的一篇文章中，美国密歇根大学地质学家Rodney Ewin9和美国普林斯顿大学的核物理学家Frank von Hippel指出，虽然联邦局可以制定核设施标准和颁发许可证，但是当地社区和州应该在选址问题上有最后的决定权。
作者提议发展多种多样的场地以便能够服务那些核反应所在的地方。
“主要的目的……就是给美国在公开的场地和设计程序上提供多重选择和更多的公众参与，也需要各地区和州的同意。
”作者写道。
Ewing and von Hippel也分析了为什么尤卡山在1987年被美国国会选为长期存放核废物的地点，却在三十年之后的争议下被束之高阁。
原因包括这个地方的地址问题、管理问题、环境保护局标准的变化、不可靠的资金和在做决定时没有使地方社区参与进来。
以后，我们应该把安放存储设备的地点转到这个国家的东北、东南、中西部和西部地区，并且处于该特定地区的州应该负责制定方案来适应当地特定的环境。
尤卡山存在的远距离运输核废物问题应该不算什么问题，因为暂时存储和地质处理点都离反应装置很近。
“这个地区的方法应该和目前欧洲的方法很像，在那里，乏核燃料和高(强度)放(射性)核废物都要从大约150个核反应装置和再处理的工厂转移到各种不同岩层中的地质处景库中。
”Rodney Ewing说，他写了大量关于核废物对环境的影响的文章，而且分析了这个受争议的尤卡山核废料库的安全评价标准。
第三十八篇蚂蚁的死亡当一只蚂蚁死后，其余的蚂蚁就会把这只死亡的蚂蚁拖出洞。
这一行为极大地吸引了科学家，他们奇怪蚂蚁怎么确认——并以如此快的速度——另一只蚂蚁死了呢?加利福尼亚大学的科学家Dong—Hwan Choe发现：阿根廷蚂蚁在它们的身体外部有一种化学成分信号告诉其他的蚂蚁“我已经死了——把我带走。
”然而，Choe又有了新的出乎意料的发现。
这些蚂蚁有点像靠巫术起死回生的僵尸。
Choe说，活着的蚂蚁——不仅仅是死的——都有这种死亡化学成分。
换句话说，当一只蚂蚁在四处爬行，或许在野餐或是在洞中，也在告诉其他的蚂蚁它已经死了。
是什么阻止蚂蚁运走活着的蚂蚁呢?Choe发现阿根廷蚂蚁在它们身体上有两种额外的化学成分，这些化学成分告诉附近的蚂蚁，“等等——我还没死呢。
”因此Choe的研究发现在蚂蚁体内有两种化学信号：一个说：“我已经死了”，另一个说：“我还没死呢。
”其他的科学家也试图弄明白蚂蚁是怎样知道另一只蚂蚁死了的。
如果一只蚂蚁被弄成晕迷状态，其他的蚂蚁会不管它，直到它自己醒来。
也就是说蚂蚁知道不动的蚂蚁也能是活着的。
Choe怀疑当阿根廷蚂蚁死亡后，那个说“等等——我还没死”的化学成分很快就消失了。
一旦那个化学成分消失了，就只留下“我已经死了”的化学成分。
“因为死亡的蚂蚁闻起来不再像活蚂蚁，所以被抬到墓地，而不是因为死蚂蚁死后释放出一种新的、独特的化学气味，”Choe说。
当其它的蚂蚁发现没有“未死”的“死亡”化学成分时，它们就把那个身体拖走了。
这是Choe的假设。
为了验证这个假设，Choe和他的小组在阿根廷蚂蚁和蛹上放了不同的化学成分。
当科学家用这个“我已经死亡”的化学成分时，其它的蚂蚁会快速地把这个蛹拖走。
当科学家们用“等等——我还没死”的化学成分时，其它的蚂蚁就会对那个蛹视而不见。
Choe相信这一行为表示这“我还没死”的化学成分优先于“我已经死亡”的化学成分。
并且当一只蚂蚁死后，这个“我还没死”的化学成分就消失了。
其他附近的蚂蚁就会发现留下的“死亡”化学成分并把死蚂蚁拖走。
第四十六篇宇宙中的第一颗星是怎样形成的研究人员相信我们的宇宙是随着l30亿年前的宇宙大爆炸开始的，在那个事件后不久，物质开始以微小灰尘谷物和气体的形式存在。
第一颗星是怎样从这灰尘和气体中形成一直是一个最吸引人的问题，但是最新的电脑模拟能够提供最细节的图片，告诉宇宙中的第一颗星是怎样形成的。
早期的宇宙构成和当今的有很大的不同，那些控制早期宇宙的物理学知识也在某种程度上比较简单。
Naoki Yoshida博士和他的同事在日本和美国合作了早期宇宙的条件，有时被称作“宇宙黑色年代“，来模仿一个天文学物质的形成并最终放射出光线射人这个黑暗。
结果就是一个详细的关于原恒星行程的描述——我们宇宙中最早阶段的巨大的原始星星——研究者的电脑模仿还为未来研究星系行程过程制定标准。
这个关于第一颗星是怎样形成的是非常重要的，因为他们的形成和最终的爆炸都为后来的星系的形成提供线索。
根据他们的模仿，重力作用在物质、气体和大爆炸之后的神秘的宇宙“黑色物质”的微小浓缩变体，是为了形成星系的最初阶段——一颗原初星仅仅占我们太阳的百分之一。
这一模仿展示了前星体云怎样在早期宇宙这么简单的物理条件下形成的。
Yoshida博士的模仿也展示了原初星不仅仅在星系的后一代，而且在大爆炸很快就能够进化成巨大的星体，能够承载大重量的合成元素。
“这个总的星系形成，和比较星球物质怎样在宇宙的不同的时间和地区形成的能力，将会最终允许探究生命和星球的起源。
”Lars Hemquist说，哈佛大学的天文学教授。
“随着星星的增长宇宙中的物质也随之增长，”他说，“而且星系的形成和破坏能够持续的把这些原初物质扩散到宇宙。
因此当你设想它的时候，所有的这些原初物质实际上已经在数年前的星系中间的核反应中形成了。
”他们对于原初星在早期宇宙形成的模仿意味着是一个迈入研究整个原始的星系的形成和预测第一批星系质量研究的关键性一步。
为了未来的计算和模仿需要越来越多的功能强大的计算机，越来越多的物理数据，和更多的东西，但是这些研究者们希望最终能够把这个模仿做到一开始核反应的状态——也就是一个星球物质怎样变成一颗真正的星。
第五十篇手机增加交通行人死亡手机在路上有多种多样的危险。
两个新的研究表明，不管开车还是步行时打手机，都会增加行人、司机和乘客死亡的危险，所以该研究建议严厉限制行人和司机使用手机。
这是一项第一作者为罗格斯大学纽瓦克分校的经济学教授Peter D．Loeb的新研究成果，它把手机的意外致命的影响和大量手机使用数量联系起来，表明目前由于手机所引起的死亡数目有所增加，而在此之间的一段时间里，手机事实上能够帮助降低行人和交通致命率。
但研究发现，当手机使用人数达到1亿这个临界数量时，手机降低交通致命率的作用就消失了。
这些研究涉及到从l975年到2002年间的手机使用和机动车辆事故之间的关系，也涉及包括车速、酒精消耗、安全带的使用和行驶的里数等其它方面。
这些研究表明甚至当考虑比如速度、酒精消耗和安全带的使用这些因素时，二者之间的关联也是真实存在的。
在目前，Loeb和他的合著者决定手机的使用“在行人安全上有严重的反作用”并且“手机的使用数量已经超过了临界数量也增加了机动车辆的致命性。
”在20世纪80年代末和90年代的一段时间，在手机使用数量达到大爆炸之前，手机的使用确实在交通事故中起到过“保护生命的作用”。
“当发生交通意外时，手机使用者能够快速地打电话寻求医疗帮助，这种快速的医学求救反应确实能在一定时间内减少一定数量的事故死亡”，Loeb假设。
但是，在20世纪80年代当手机开始被使用时并不是这样，在那时手机在行人、司机和乘客间造成了“致命的效果。
”在早些日子里，那时有不到一百万部手机，致命率增加了，Loeb说，因为司机和行人或许在那时还在适应怎样使用它们，还没有足够的手机能够在事故中呼叫帮助，他解释说。