被动句的翻译

译成汉语的被动句
一、“被…”或“给…”或“由…” 1.His passport was confiscated by the police. 他的护照被警方没收了。 2.Black people were first brought to America from Africa as slaves. 黑人最初是被当作奴隶从非洲贩运到美国的。 3.The teacher was sacked for slapping a schoolboy. 那位教师因为打了一名男生耳光给解雇了。
这些元素和化合物正是生命延续所需要的， 而大自然能够相当有效地将其循环利用。 Each transaction is carried out in public, and the information sent electronically to every brokerage office of the nation. 每笔交易都是公开进行的，并通过电子设备 把交易资料发往全国各地的每一家经纪人事 务所。
4.The same aria from Madame Butterfly was played five times in a row. 《蝴蝶夫人》里的一个唱段竟一连播放了五遍。 5.Western Europe’s 10% jobless rate is expected to hit 12% by mid-1994. 西欧的失业率预计到1994年年中会达到12%，目 前是10%。 6. He was released immediately after Batista fled Cuba. 在巴蒂斯逃离古巴后，他马上获释。
三、把动作实施者译成原因状语，用“由于 “、”因此”等词来带出
1. This optimism was tempered by the realization that it was a precarious truce that could collapse at any time. 由于人们知道这次休战是不稳定的，是随时都可 能遭到破坏的，因而这种乐观情绪也随之冲淡了。 2. Hopes of renewed cooperation with Iran in the near future were dashed by signs that the hostage crisis in Teheran, which started in November 4, might drag into the summer.
英语中被动结构的句子译成汉语主动句可以有几种 不同的情况 一、原文中的主语在译文中仍做主语
1.The whole country was armed in a few days. 几天之内全国武装起来了。 2.The sense of inferiority that he acquired in his youth has never been totally eradicated. 他在青少年时期留下的自卑感还没有完全消除。 3.The fight was cancelled duo to the frog. 飞机因雾停航。
3.The area will have to be protected from too frequent, or too intense, or too careless visiting. 这一地区一定要加以保护，不允许过于频 繁、过于集中或过于随便地参观访问。 4.It must be dealt with at the appropriate time with appropriate means. 这件事必须在适当的时候用适当的手段予以 处理。
动词” 三、借助“为…所 ＋ 动词”或“是…（所） 借助“ 所 （ ＋ 动词 ＋ 的”的结构
The late 1960's was a period of revolt against traditional values. Parents' ideas were scorned by their children, who accused them of being too concerned with money. 20世纪60年代后期是对传统观念造反的年代。父 母的想法为孩子们所不齿；孩子们指责他们过于 看重金钱。 These very elements and compounds are needed to continue life, and nature is fairly efficient in recycling them.
2.可加主语的
It is asserted that… 有人主张… It is believed that… 有人认为⁄相信… It is generally considered that… 大家认为… It is well-known that… 大家知道⁄众所周知… It will be said that… 有人会说… It was told that… 有人曾经说…
二、借助“得到…＋ 名词”、“受（遭）到…＋ 借助“得到 ＋ 名词” 借助 ＋ 名词” 名词”或“予（加）以…＋ 名词”的结构 ＋ 名词” 1. This phenomenon can only be explained by assuming that the earth's surface is curved. 只有假设地球表明呈曲线状，这一现象才能得 到解释。 2. People are also troubled because of the participative mood that exists today. This participative phenomenon can be seen in every part of contemporary life. 人们受到困扰的另一个原因是当今存在的参与 情绪。这种积极参与现象在现代生活中到处可 见。
加泛指主语
有些英语被动句在翻译成汉语时，可以加上 泛指主语，带出动作的发出者 He was asked a lot of tough questions at the press conference. 在记者会上人们问了他很多棘手的问题。 He was heard to come upstairs. 有人听到他上楼了。
五、常用被动句型的翻译
有一类以it作为形式主语的英语句子，在译文中常要改成主 动形式，有时不加施动者，有时加上不确定的主语，如： “有人、大家、人们、我们“等 1.不加主语的 It is hoped that… 希望… It is reported that… 据报… It is said that… 据说… It is supposed that… 据推测… It may be said without fear of exaggeration that… 可以毫不夸张地说… It must be admitted that… 必须承认… It must be pointed out that… 必须指出… It will be seen from this that… 由此可见…
无主句式
英语被动语态的句子没有动作的发出者或者说没有 必要指出动作的发出者，翻译成汉语时也没有必要 明确化，因此可以采用无主句式。 1.Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed. 必须保证每天8个小时的睡眠。 2.Two days were allowed to them for making the necessary preparations. 给了他们两天时间来作必要的准备。
4.The spaceship will be totally controlled by an on-board electronic computer. 这艘宇宙飞船将完全由机载电子计算机控制。 5.Members of Congress, the President, state officials, and those who govern counties and cities, are elected by popular vote. Heads of federal departments are named by the President, and judges are either elected directly by the people or are appointed by elected officials. 国会议员、总统、州政府官员以及县长、市长 均由民众投票选举。联邦政府各部部长由总统 任命，法官由人民直接选举，或由当选官员任 命
以原文地点状语／时间状语作主语
1.The commodity export fair will be held in Shanghai. 上海将举办出口商品交易会。 2. More than one million cars are produced in that factory every year. 那个厂每年上产一百多万辆车辆。
二、原文中的主语在译文中做宾语 1. By the end of the war 800 people had been saved by the organization, but at a cost of over 200 Belgian and French lives. 大战结束时，这个组织拯救了800人，但那是以 二百多比利时人和法国人的生命为代价的。 2. Mr. Billings cannot be deterred from his plan. 不能阻止比林斯先生实施他的计划。 3. Memoranda were prepared in advance of private meetings on matters to be discussed. 在举行个别交谈之前，我已经就所有要讨论的 问题预先拟好了备忘录。
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3.Knowing that he’s going to ask in advance should make it easier, I thought. Except that the opposite psychology was used. 我想，在他提问之前先知道他要问什么，可能会 好办些。可是没有想到他们却利用了相反的心理 作用。 4. Nationalized in 1951 by a Labor government, the British steel industry was denationalized by the Conservatives in 1953, then renationalized by Labor in 1967. 1951年，工党政府把英国钢铁工业收为国有。 1953年，保守党政府把它退归私营。然后，1967 年工党政府又把它国有化。
被动句的翻译
英语中被动语态使用范围很广。凡是在不 必说出主动者，不愿说出主动者，无从说 出主动者或者是为了便于连贯上下文等等 场合，往往使用被动语态。汉语中虽然也 有被动语态，但使用范围狭窄得多。英语 被动语态的句子，译成汉语时，很多情况 下都可以译成主动句，但也有一些可以保 持被动语态。
译成汉语主动句
在近期恢复与伊朗的合作关系的希望破灭了，因 种种迹象表明11月4日开始的德黑兰人质危机可 能要拖到夏天才能解决。 四、译成带表语的主动句 1.The decision to attack was not taken lightly. 进攻的决定不是轻易作出的。 2.This good idea was raised by our monitor. 这个好主意是我们班长提出来的。 3.The people who has been evacuated have returned and rebuild their town. 撤走的人们已经返回并重建了自己的小镇。