2#楼电影院钢结构专项施工方案
2的负次方方程
2的负次方方程
咱先来说说啥是2的负次方吧。
你看啊，2的正次方大家可能比较熟悉，像2的1次方就是2，2的2次方就是2乘以2等于4，2的3次方就是2乘以2再乘以2等于8。
但是这个负次方呢，就有点像反过来的感觉。
2的 -1次方啊，其实就是1除以2，等于0.5呢。
为啥是这样呢？你可以想象一下，正次方是不断地乘以2，那负次方就像是把这个过程倒过来，就是除以2啦。
2的 -2次方呢，就是1除以2再除以2，也就是1除以4，等于0.25。
以此类推，2的 -3次方就是1除以8，等于0.125。
再举个例子哈，要是2的 -x次方等于4分之一呢。
4分之一就是1除以4，也就是2的 -2次方。
那这个方程就变成2的 -x次方等于2的 -2次方，这样就可以得出-x等于 -2，x就等于2啦。
不过呢，有时候方程可能会复杂一点。
比如说有个方程是3乘以2的 -x次方等于2的 -1次方。
咱们先把3除到右边去，2的 -x次方就等于2的 -1次方除以3。
2的 -1次方是0.5嘛，0.5除以3就是1/6。
那我们又要找这个1/6对应的2的负几次方。
1/6大概是1除以6，这个不太好直接看出来是2的负几次方，我们可以把6变成2乘以3，那1/6就是1/(2×3)，也就是1/2乘以1/3。
1/2就是2的 -1次方，那这个1/3就不太好直接用2的负次方表示了。
这时候我们可能就需要用对数来帮忙啦，不过这就有点超纲啦，咱们就先知道简单的情况就好。
高职英语2课文翻译
Unit31.It’s importa nt to know your objecti ves on a busines s trip,and to set out with those goals in mind and how toaccompl ish them.But along the way,somethi ng ratheramazing happens when you travelon busines s.You may go to some prettyamazing places,and get chances to see thingsyou would have never soughtout on your own.翻译：了解出差的目的，出发时牢记目标并清楚如何达成目标，这些都是很重要的。
但在途中也会发生一些有趣的事情。
你可能会去到一些令人惊叹的地方，有机会看到你自己可能永远都发现不了的东西。
s s.There are times when you have complet ed your work and 2.Busines s trips don’t have to be all about busine,attract ions and good food.The first resourc e to find out what is reallyyou can take in some of the local colorn g is the locals. If you go to a faraway town to conduct busines s cool to enjoy in the city or town you are visitiwith a partner or vendor, they are often more than happy to show you the lay of the land and what is fun to see and do in the town.翻译：商务旅行不必都是生意。
周边地面 2
周边地面——对没有地下室的建筑指底层房间外墙内侧两米范围内的地面。
对有地下室埋墙的建筑，指从室外地面和埋墙的交线算起向下两米内为周边地面。
非周边地面——对没有地下室的房间指底层地面中周边地面以外的部分。
有地下室埋墙的建筑，非周边地面指埋墙和地面面积的和减去从室外地面和埋墙交线算起向下两米的面积。
关于周边地面和非周边地面的几点说明1．周边地面和非周边地面的定义周边地面指距外墙内表面2m以内的地面，其余部分划为非周边地面。
位于室外地面以下的外墙（地下室外墙）应从与室外地面相平的墙壁算起，往下2m范围内为周边地面，其余部分划为非周边地面。
2．节能标准中对周边地面和非周边地面传热阻的计算《民用建筑节能设计标准》（采暖居住部分）JGJ26-95和《公共建筑节能设计标准》GB50189-2005对周边地面和非周边地面热阻采用了不同的计算方法，应分别对待。
A) 居住建筑：换热阻计算依据来源于《供热工程》（贺平孙刚编著）。
由于室内热量通过地面传到室外的路程长短不同，即热阻值不同，靠近外墙的室内地面，距离室外路程短，热阻值小，传热量大，反之远离外墙的地面热阻值大，传热量小，离外墙8m以远的地面，传热量基本不变。
基于上述情况，在工程上一般采用近似方法计算，把地面沿外墙平行的方向分成四个计算地带（每2m为一个地带，8m以外地面按第四地带考虑），如图1示。
1) 对于贴土非保温地面（组成地面的各层材料导热系数λ都大于1.16W/m?℃），各地带的传热系数和换热阻如下：周边地面传热系数限值为0.52 W / m2·℃地区，考虑到非保温地面第一地带（周边地面）的传热系数为0.47 W / m2·℃，小于限值0.5 2W / m2·℃,可不做保温；非周边地面（第二、三、四地带）不做保温时传热系数最大值为0.23 W / m2·℃,小于限值0.3 W / m2·℃，同样也能满足非周边地面限值的要求。
WLAN安全策略-WEP、WPAWPA2、WPA3、
WLAN安全策略-WEP、WPAWPA2、WPA3、常⽤WiFi加密⽅式推荐Wi-Fi 加密⽅式有不加密、WPA2 PSK 模式、 WPA/WPA2 PSK 混合模式、WPA2 PSK/WPA3 SAE 混合模式。
1）加密⽅式设置为不加密时，连接路由器的 Wi-Fi 时⽆需输⼊密码，因此不太安全。
2）WPA2 PSK 的加密⽅式设置⽐ WPA/WPA2 PSK 更安全，但是只有⽤ WPA2 认证的终端才能正常连接，因此会有兼容性问题。
3）加密⽅式设置为 WPA/WPA2 PSK 时，WPA 或 WPA2 认证的终端都可以连接路由器。
4）WPA2 PSK/WPA3 SAE 的加密⽅式⽐ WPA/WPA2 PSK 更安全，WPA2 或 WPA3 认证的终端都可以连接路由器。
建议您将路由器设置为 WPA/WPA2 PSK 混合模式。
WLAN安全策略配置建议WEP有线等效加密WEP（Wired Equivalent Privacy）协议是由802.11标准定义的，⽤来保护⽆线局域⽹中的授权⽤户所传输的数据的安全，防⽌这些数据被窃听。
WEP的核⼼是采⽤RC4算法，加密密钥长度有64位、128位和152位，其中有24bit的IV（初始向量）是由系统产⽣的，所以WLAN服务端和WLAN客户端上配置的密钥长度是40位、104位或128位。
WEP加密采⽤静态的密钥，接⼊同⼀SSID下的所有STA使⽤相同的密钥访问⽆线⽹络。
WEP安全策略WEP安全策略包括了链路认证机制和数据加密机制链路认证机制和数据加密机制。
开放系统认证和共享密钥认证。
详细的内容请参见中的”链路认证阶段“。
链路认证链路认证分为开放系统认证和共享密钥认证如果选择开放系统认证⽅式，链路认证过程不需要WEP加密。
⽤户上线后，可以通过配置选择是否对业务数据进⾏WEP加密。
如果选择共享密钥认证⽅式，链路认证过程中完成了密钥协商。
⽤户上线后，通过协商出来的密钥对业务数据进⾏WEP加密。
托福TPO42阅读Passage2原文文本+题目+答案解析
为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福TPO42阅读Passage2原文文本+题目+答案解析，希望对大家备考有所帮助。
Explaining Dinosaur Extinction Dinosaurs rapidly became extinct about 65 million years ago as part of a mass extinction known as the K-T event,because it is associated with a geological signature known as the K-T boundary,usually a thin band of sedimentation found in various parts of the world(K is the traditional abbreviation for the Cretaceous,derived from the German name Kreidezeit).Many explanations have been proposed for why dinosaurs became extinct.For example,some have blamed dinosaur extinction on the development of flowering plants,which were supposedly more difficult to digest and could have caused constipation or indigestion—except that flowering plants first evolved in the Early Cretaceous,about 60 million years before the dinosaurs died out.In fact,several scientists have suggested that the duckbill dinosaurs and homed dinosaurs,with their complex battery of grinding teeth,evolved to exploit this new resource of rapidly growing flowering plants Others have blamed extinction on competition from the mammals,which allegedly ate all the dinosaur eggs—except that mammals and dinosaurs appeared at the same time in the Late Triassic,about 190 million years ago,and there is no reason to believe that mammals suddenly acquired a taste for dinosaur eggs after 120 million years of coexistence Some explanations(such as the one stating that dinosaurs all died of diseases)fail because there is no way to scientifically test them,and they cannot move beyond the realm of speculation and guesswork. This focus on explaining dinosaur extinction misses an important point the extinction at the end of the Cretaceous was a global event that killed off organisms up and down the food chain.It wiped out many kinds of plankton in the ocean and many marine organisms that lived on the plankton at the base of the food chain.These included a variety of clams and snails,and especially the ammonites,a group of shelled squidlike creatures that dominated the Mesozoic seas and had survived many previous mass extinctions.The K-T event marked the end of the marine reptiles,such as the mosasaurs and the plesiosaurs,which were the largest creatures that had ever lived in the seas and which ruled the seas long before whales evolved.On land,there was also a crisis among the land plants,in addition to the disappearance of dinosaurs.So any event that can explain the destruction of the base of the food chain(plankton in the ocean,plants on land)can better explain what happened to organisms at the top of the food chain,such as the dinosaurs.By contrast,any explanation that focuses strictly on the dinosaurs completely misses the point The Cretaceous extinctions were a global phenomenon,and dinosaurs were just a part of a bigger picture. According to one theory,the Age of Dinosaurs ended suddenly 65 million years ago when a giant rock from space plummeted to Earth.Estimated to be ten to fifteen kilometers in diameter,this bolide(either a comet or an asteroid)was traveling at cosmic speeds of 20-70 kilometers per second,or 45,000-156,000 miles per hour.Sucha huge mass traveling at such tremendous speeds carries an enormous amount of energy.When the bolide struck this energy was released and generated a huge shock wave that leveled everything for thousands of kilometers around the impact and caused most of the landscape to burst into flames.The bolide struck an area of the Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico known as Chicxulub,excavating a crater 15-20 kilometers deep and at least 170 kilometers in diameter.The impact displaced huge volumes of seawater,causing much flood damage in the Caribbean.Meanwhile,the bolide itself excavated 100 cubic kilometers of rock and debris from the site,which rose to an altitude of 100 kilometers.Most of it fell back immediately,but some of it remained as dust in the atmosphere for months.This material,along with the smoke from the fires,shrouded Earth,creating a form of nuclear winter.According to computerized climate models,global temperatures fell to near the freezing point,photosynthesis halted,and most plants on land and in the sea died.With the bottom of the food chain destroyed,dinosaurs could not survive. paragraph 1 Dinosaurs rapidly became extinct about 65 million years ago as part of a mass extinction known as the K-T event,because it is associated with a geological signature known as the K-T boundary,usually a thin band of sedimentation found in various parts of the world(K is the traditional abbreviation for the Cretaceous,derived from the German name Kreidezeit).Many explanations have been proposed for why dinosaurs became extinct.For example,some have blamed dinosaur extinction on the development of flowering plants,which were supposedly more difficult to digest and could have caused constipation or indigestion—except that flowering plants first evolved in the Early Cretaceous,about 60 million years before the dinosaurs died out.In fact,several scientists have suggested that the duckbill dinosaurs and homed dinosaurs,with their complex battery of grinding teeth,evolved to exploit this new resource of rapidly growing flowering plants Others have blamed extinction on competition from the mammals,which allegedly ate all the dinosaur eggs—except that mammals and dinosaurs appeared at the same time in the Late Triassic,about 190 million years ago,and there is no reason to believe that mammals suddenly acquired a taste for dinosaur eggs after 120 million years of coexistence Some explanations(such as the one stating that dinosaurs all died of diseases)fail because there is no way to scientifically test them,and they cannot move beyond the realm of speculation and guesswork. 1.In paragraph 1,why does the author include a discussion of when flowering plants evolved? 【事实信息题】 A.To help explain why some scientists believe that the development of flowering plants led to dinosaur extinction。
现代大学英语中级写作(上)_Unit 2
No mistakes
Questions to think about Is this a directive or informative process
analysis? It is an informative process analysis giving the history of Liquid Paper. What is the central idea of the essay? Is the thesis statement presented or implied? The central idea is how Liquid Paper was invented and how it became a big business. The thesis statement is implied.
What is Process Analysis?
• A process analysis(PA) is a step-by-step explanation of how to do something , or how something works/ is done or made, or how something happened.
2的书写方法
2的书写方法在日常生活中，我们经常会涉及到数字2的书写。
无论是在学习、工作还是生活中，正确的书写方法都是非常重要的。
下面，我们就来详细了解一下数字2的书写方法。
首先，我们要明确数字2的基本形态。
数字2是阿拉伯数字中的一个，它的基本形态是一个弯曲的弧线，上面有一个小圆圈。
这是我们最常见的数字2的书写形式，也是最标准的书写形式。
在书写时，我们需要注意保持数字2的整体形状，保持圆润、匀称，不要出现歪斜、变形等情况。
其次，我们要注意数字2的书写顺序。
在书写数字2时，一般是从上到下、从左到右的书写顺序。
首先画出数字2的上半部分的曲线，然后再画下半部分的曲线，最后在上半部分的曲线上方画一个小圆圈。
这样的书写顺序可以帮助我们更好地掌握数字2的书写方法，保持数字的整体形状和美观度。
除了基本形态和书写顺序外，我们还需要了解数字2的书写规范。
在正式的文件、文书、报告中，数字2的书写需要符合一定的规范。
一般来说，数字2要与其他数字保持一致的字体、大小和风格，以保持整个文档的统一性和美观度。
在手写时，我们也需要注意字迹工整、规范，避免出现潦草、模糊的情况。
此外，数字2的书写还需要注意与其他数字的区分。
在一些情况下，数字2可能会与字母z混淆，因此在书写时要特别小心，确保数字2的书写清晰可辨，不会引起误解。
总的来说，正确的数字2的书写方法对我们的学习、工作和生活都是非常重要的。
通过掌握数字2的基本形态、书写顺序和书写规范，我们能够更好地书写出整洁、规范的数字2，提高书写质量，避免出现错误和混淆。
希望大家能够重视数字2的书写方法，不断提升自己的书写水平，为自己的学习和工作增添亮点。
2021 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)试题真题(打印版)
2021 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s) for each numberedblank and mark A,B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Section Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each textby choosing A, B, C, or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)Reskilling is something that sounds like a buzzword but is actually arequirement if we plan to have a future where a lot of would-beworkers do not get left behind.. We know we are moving into a period where the jobs in demandwill change rapidly, as will the requirements of the jobs that remain.Research by the WEF detailed in the Harvard Business Review, findsthat on average 42 per cent of the core skills " within job roles willchange by 2022. That is a very short timeline, so we can onlyimagine what the changes will be further in the future.The question of who should pay for reskilling is a thorny one Forindividual companies, the temptation is always to let go of workerswhose skills are no longer demand and replace them with thosewhose skills are.That does not always happen.AT&T is often given asthe gold standard of a company who decided to do a massivereskilling program rather than go with a fire-and-hire strategy.ultimatelyretraining 18,000employees. Prepandemic,othercompanies including Amazon and Disney had also pledged to createtheir own plans. When the skills mismatch is in the broader economythough, the focus usually turns to government to handle. Efforts inCanada and elsewhere have been arguably languid at best, and havegiven us a situation where we frequently hear of employers beggingfor workers even at times and In regionswhere unemployment is high.With the pandemic, unemployment is veryhigh indeed. In February,at 3.5 per cent and 5.5 per cent respectively,unemployment rates inCanada and the United States were at generational lows and workershortages were everywhere.As of May, those rates had spiked up to13.3 per cent and 13.7 per cent, and although many worker shortageshad disappeared, not all had done so. In the medical field, to take anobvious example,the pandemic meant that there were still clearshortages of doctors, nurses and other medical personnelOf course, it is not like you can take an unemployed waiter andtrain him to be a doctor in a few weeks, no matter who pays for it.Buteven if you cannot close that gap, maybe you can close others, anddoing so would be to the benefit of all concerned That seems to bethe case in Sweden, where the pandemickick-started a retrainingprogram where business as well as government had a role.Reskiling in this way would be challenging in a North Americancontext. You can easily imagine a chorus of"you cant do that,"because teachers or nurses or whoever have special skills, and usingany support staff who has been quickly trained is bound to end indisaster. Maybe. Or maybe it is something that can work 'ell inSweden,with its history of co-operation between business,labourand government, but not in North Americawhere our history is verydifferent. Then again, maybe it is akin to wartime, when extraordinarythings take place, but it is business as usualafter the fact.And yet, asin war the pandemic is teaching us that many things, including rapidreskilling, can be done if there is a will to do them. In any case,Swedens work force is now more skilled, in more things,and moreflexible than it was before.Of course, reskilling programs, whether for pandemic needs or thepostpandemic world,are expensive and at a time when everyonesbudgets are lean this may not be the time to implement them.Thenagain,extending income support programs to get us through thenext months is expensive, too, to say nothing of the cost of having aswath of long-term unemployed in thePOST-COVID years Given that,perhaps we should think hard about whether the pandemic canjump-start us to a place where reskilling becomes much more than abuzzword.B.PreDaacancies for the unemplovo teau.e1C. Retrain their cabin staff for better servicesD.finance their staff' s college educationText 2When Microsoft bought task managennent app Wunderlist andmobile calendar Sunrise in 2015, it pickecup two newcomers thatwere attracting considerable buzz in Silicon Valley. Microsoft' s ownOffice dominates the market for"productivity"software, but thestart-ups represented a new wave of technology designed from theground up for the smartphone world.Both apps, however, were later scrapped, after Microsoft said it hadused their best features in its own productsTheir teams of engineersstayed on, making them two of the many" acqui-hires"that thebiggest companies have used to feed their insatiable hunger for techtalent.To Microsoft’ s critics,the fates of Wunderlist and Sunrise areexamples of a remorseless drive by Big Tech to chew up anyinnovative companies that lie in their path. " They bought theseedlings and closed them down,"complained Paul Arnold, a partnerat San Francisco-based Switch Ventures, putting paid to businessesthat might one day turn into competitors. Microsoft declined tccomment.Like other start-up investors,Mr Arnold ' s own business oftendepends on selling start-ups to larger tech companies,though headmits to mixed feelings about the result:"I think these things aregood for me, if I put my selfish hat on. But are they good for theAmerican economy? I don' t know.”The US Federal Trade Commission says it wants to find the answerto that question. This week, it asked the five most valuable US techcompanies for information about their many smallacquisitions ovelthe past decade. Although only a research project at this stage, therequest has raised the prospect of regulators wading into early-stagetech markets that until now have been beyond their reach.Given their combined market value of more than $5.5tn,riflingthrough such small deals —many of them much less prominent thanwunderlist and Sunrise —might seem beside the point. Betweenthem,the five companies (Apple，Microsoft,Google，Amazon andFacebook) have spent an average of only $3.4bn a year on sub-$1bnacquisitions over the past five years a drop in the ocean compared with their massive financial reserves, and the more than$130bn of venture capital that was invested in the US last year.However, critics say that the big companies use such deals to buytheir most threatening potential competitcrs before their businesseshave a chance to gain momentum, in some cases as part of a"buyand kill" tactic to simply close them down31. What is true about Wuderlist and sunrise after their acquisitionsA.Their market values declined.B. Their tech features improvedC. Their engineers were retainedD. Their products werere-priced.32. Microsoft's critics believe that the big tech companies tend toA. ignore public opinionsB.treat new tech talent unfairlyC.exaggerate their product qualityD.eliminate their potential competitors.33. Paul Arnold is concerned that small acquisitions miahtA. harm the national economyB. worsen market competitionC. discourage start-up investorsD.weaken big tech companies.34. The US Federal Trade Commission intend toA. examine small acquisitionsB. limit Big Tech'’ s expansionC. supervise start-ups’operationsD.encourage research collaboration35. For the five biggest tech companies, their small acquisition haveA. brought little financial pressureB. raised few management challengesC.set an example for future dealsD. generated considerable profitsText 4we're fairly good at judging people based on first impressions,thin slices of experience ranging from a glimpse of a photo to afive-minute interaction, and deliberation can be not only extraneousbut intrusive. In one study of the ability she dubbed"thin slicing,"the late psychologist Nalini Ambady asked participants to watchsilent 10-second video clips of professors and to rate the instructor's overall effectiveness. Their ratings correlated strongly withstudents’ end-of-semester ratings.Another set of participants had tccount backward from 1,000 by nines as they watched the clips,occupying their conratings were just asaccurate, demonstrie social processing.Critically, anotherninute writing downreasons for their Jjudgment,betore giving the rating. Accuracydropped dramatically. Ambady suspected that deliberation focusedthem on vivid but misleading cues,such as certain gestures orutterances, rather than letting the complex interplay of subtle signalsform a holistic impression. She found similar interference whenparticipants watched 15-second clips of pairs of people and judgedwhether they were strangers, friends, or dating partners.Other research shows we' re better at detecting deception andsexual orientation from thin slices when we rely on intuition insteadof reflection.“It' s as if you' re driving a stick shift," says Judith Hall,a psychologist at Northeastern University,"and if you start thinkingabout it too much, you can' t remember what you’ re doing. But if yougo on automatic pilot, you' re fine. Much of our social life is like that."Thinking too much can also harm our ability to form preferencesCollege students' ratings of strawberry jams and college coursesaligned better with experts' opinions when the students weren'tasked to analyze their rationale. And peoplemadecar-buyingdecisions that were both objectively better and more personallysatisfying when asked to focus on their feelings rather than on details,but only if the decision was complex — when they had a lot o1information to process.Intuition ' s special powers are unleashed only in certaincircumstances. In one study, participants completed a battery of eighttasks, including four that tapped reflective thinking (discerning rules,comprehending vocabulary) and four that tapped intuition andcreativity (generating new products or figures of speech).Then theyrated the degree to which they had used intuition ( "gut feelings,""hunches,"“my heart”). Use of their gut hurt their performance onthe first four tasks,as expected, and helped them on the restSometimes the heart is smarter than the head.36. Nalini Ambabys study deals with_A. instructor student interactionB.the power of people's memoryC. the reliability of first impressionsD.People’s ability to influence others37. In Ambaby ' s study,rating accuracydropped whenparticipants_A. gave the rating in limited timeB. focused on specific detailsC. watched shorter video clipsD. discussed with on another38.Judith Hall mentions driving to mention that_A. memory can be selectiveB.reflection can be distractingC. social skills must be cultivatedD. deception is difficult to detect39. When you are making complex decisions, it is advisable to_A. follow your feelingsB. list your preferencesc. seek expert adviceD.collect enough data40.(缺)Directions:In the following article, some sentences have been removed. FotQuestions 41—45, choose the most suitable one from the list A—G tcfit into each of the numbered blanks.There are two extra choiceswhich do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWERSHEET 1.(10 points)A. Stay calmB. Stay humbleC. Don’t make judgmentsD.Be realistic about the risksE. Decide whether to waitF.Ask permission to disagreeG. Identify a shared goalHow to Disagree with Someone More Powerful than YouYour boss proposes a new initiative you think won' t work.Youlsenior colleague outlines a project timeline you think is unrealistic.What do you say when you disagree with someone who has morepower than you do? How do you decide whether it’s worth speakingup? And if you do, what exactly should you say? Here' s how tcdisagree with someone more powerful than you.41.You may decide it' s best to hold off on voicing your opinion.Maybe you haven’t finished thinking the problem through, the wholediscussion was a surprise to you, or you want to get a clearer sense oiwhat the group thinks. If you think other people are going to disagree too, you might want to gather your army first. People can contributeexperience or information to your thinking—all the things that wouldmake the disagreement stronger or more valid. It's also a good ideato delay the conversation if you' re in a meeting or other public space.Discussing the issue in private will make the powerful person feel lessthreatened.42.Before you share your thoughts,think about what the powerfulperson cares aboutit may be "the credibility of their team orgetting a project done on time. You' re more likely to be heard if youcan connect your disagreement to a higher purpose.When you dospeak up, don' t assume the link will be clear. You’ ll want to state itovertly, contextualizing your statements so that you' re seen not as adisagreeable underling but as a colleague whos trying to advance ashared goal. The discussion will then become more like a chess gamethan a boxing match.43.This step may sound overly deferential, but it' s a smart way to givethe powerful person psychological safety and control. You can saysomething like,“I know we seem to be moving toward a first-quartercommitment here.I have reasons to think that won' t work.T d like to lay out my reasoning. Would that be OK?"This gives the person achoice,allowing them to verbally opt in.And, assuming they say yes.it willmake, you feel more confidentabout voicing yourdisagreement.44._You might feel your heart racing or your face turning red, but dcwhatever you can to remain neutral in both your words and actions,When your body language communicates reluctance or anxiety,itundercuts the message. Itsends a mixed message, and yourcounterpart gets to choose what to read. Deep breaths can help, ascan speaking more slowly and deliberately. When we feel panicky wetend to talk louder and faster. Simply slowing the pace and talking inan even tone helps the other person calm down and does the samefor you. It also makes you seem confident, even if you aren't.45._Emphasize that you're offering your opinion, not gospel truth. Itmay be a well-informed, well-researched opinion, but it' s still anopinion, my talk tentatively and slightly understate your confidence.Instead of saying something like, " If we set an end-of-quarterdeadline, we'll never make it,:" say,“This is just my opinion, but ldon't see how we will make that deadline." Having asserted yourposition(as a position，not as a fact) demonstrate equal curiosityabout other views.Remind the person that this is your point of view,and then invite critique. Be open to hearing other opinions.Part CDirections:Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation onthe ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)We tend to think that friends and family members are our biggestsource of connection, laughter and warmth . While that may well betrue, researchers have also recently found that interacting withstrangers actually brings a boost in mood and feelings of belongingthat we didn't expect.In one series of studies,researchers instructed Chicago- areacommuters using publictransportation to strike up a conversationwith someone near them. On average,participants who followed thisinstruction felt better than those who had been told to stand or sit insilence.The researchers also argued that when we shy away fromcasual interactions with strangers,It is often due to a misplacedanxiety that they might not want to talk to us. Much of the time,however, this belief is false . As it tums outmany people are actuallyperfectly wiling to talk- and may even beflattered to receive yourattention .Section m WritinPart A51. Directions:Suppose you are organising an online meeting. Write an email to Jackan international student.(1) invite him to participate,and(2) tell him the detailsYou should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the e-mail. Use " LiMing"instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52.Directions:Write an essay based on chart below. In your writing,you should(1) interpret the chart,and(2) give your commentsYou should write about 150words on theANSWERhave a chance to gain momentum, in some cases as part of a"buyand kill" tactic to simply close them down31. What is true about Wuderlist and sunrise after their acquisitionsA.Their market values declined.B. Their tech features improvedC. Their engineers were retainedD. Their products werere-priced.32. Microsoft's critics believe that the big tech companies tend toA. ignore public opinionsB.treat new tech talent unfairlyC.exaggerate their product qualityD.eliminate their potential competitors.33. Paul Arnold is concerned that small acquisitions miahtA. harm the national economyB. worsen market competitionC. discourage start-up investorsD.weaken big tech companies.34. The US Federal Trade Commission intend toA. examine small acquisitionsB. limit Big Tech'’ s expansionC. supervise start-ups’operationsD.encourage research collaboration35. For the five biggest tech companies, their small acquisition haveA. brought little financial pressureB. raised few management challengesC.set an example for future dealsD. generated considerable profitsText 4we're fairly good at judging people based on first impressions,thin slices of experience ranging from a glimpse of a photo to afive-minute interaction, and deliberation can be not only extraneousbut intrusive. In one study of the ability she dubbed"thin slicing,"the late psychologist Nalini Ambady asked participants to watchsilent 10-second video clips of professors and to rate the instructor's overall effectiveness. Their ratings correlated strongly withstudents’ end-of-semester ratings.Another set of participants had tccount backward from 1,000 by nines as they watched the clips,occupying their conratings were just asaccurate, demonstrie social processing.Critically, anotherninute writing downreasons for their Jjudgment,betore giving the rating. Accuracydropped dramatically. Ambady suspected that deliberation focusedthem on vivid but misleading cues,such as certain gestures orutterances, rather than letting the complex interplay of subtle signalsform a holistic impression. She found similar interference whenparticipants watched 15-second clips of pairs of people and judgedwhether they were strangers, friends, or dating partners.Other research shows we' re better at detecting deception andsexual orientation from thin slices when we rely on intuition insteadof reflection.“It' s as if you' re driving a stick shift," says Judith Hall,a psychologist at Northeastern University,"and if you start thinkingabout it too much, you can' t remember what you’ re doing. But if yougo on automatic pilot, you' re fine. Much of our social life is like that."Thinking too much can also harm our ability to form preferencesCollege students' ratings of strawberry jams and college coursesaligned better with experts' opinions when the students weren'tasked to analyze their rationale. And people madecar-buyingdecisions that were both objectively better and more personallysatisfying when asked to focus on their feelings rather than on details,but only if the decision was complex — when they had a lot o1information to process.Intuition ' s special powers are unleashed only in certaincircumstances. In one study, participants completed a battery of eighttasks, including four that tapped reflective thinking (discerning rules,comprehending vocabulary) and four that tapped intuition andcreativity (generating new products or figures of speech).Then theyrated the degree to which they had used intuition ( "gut feelings,""hunches,"“my heart”). Use of their gut hurt their performance onthe first four tasks,as expected, and helped them on the restSometimes the heart is smarter than the head.36. Nalini Ambabys study deals with_A. instructor student interactionB.the power of people's memoryC. the reliability of first impressionsD.People’s ability to influence others37. In Ambaby ' s study,rating accuracydropped whenparticipants_A. gave the rating in limited timeB. focused on specific detailsC. watched shorter video clipsD. discussed with on another38.Judith Hall mentions driving to mention that_A. memory can be selectiveB.reflection can be distractingC. social skills must be cultivatedD. deception is difficult to detect39. When you are making complex decisions, it is advisable to_A. follow your feelingsB. list your preferencesc. seek expert adviceD.collect enough data40.(缺)Directions:In the following article, some sentences have been removed. FotQuestions 41—45, choose the most suitable one from the list A—G tcfit into each of the numbered blanks.There are two extra choiceswhich do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWERSHEET 1.(10 points)A. Stay calmB. Stay humbleC. Don’t make judgmentsD.Be realistic about the risksE. Decide whether to waitF.Ask permission to disagreeG. Identify a shared goalHow to Disagree with Someone More Powerful than YouYour boss proposes a new initiative you think won' t work.Youlsenior colleague outlines a project timeline you think is unrealistic.What do you say when you disagree with someone who has morepower than you do? How do you decide whether it’s worth speakingup? And if you do, what exactly should you say? Here' s how tcdisagree with someone more powerful than you.41.You may decide it' s best to hold off on voicing your opinion.Maybe you haven’t finished thinking the problem through, the wholediscussion was a surprise to you, or you want to get a clearer sense oiwhat the group thinks. If you think other people are going to disagree too, you might want to gather your army first. People can contributeexperience or information to your thinking—all the things that wouldmake the disagreement stronger or more valid. It's also a good ideato delay the conversation if you' re in a meeting or other public space.Discussing the issue in private will make the powerful person feel lessthreatened.42.Before you share your thoughts,think about what the powerfulperson cares aboutit may be "the credibility of their team orgetting a project done on time. You' re more likely to be heard if youcan connect your disagreement to a higher purpose.When you dospeak up, don' t assume the link will be clear. You’ ll want to state itovertly, contextualizing your statements so that you' re seen not as adisagreeable underling but as a colleague whos trying to advance ashared goal. The discussion will then become more like a chess gamethan a boxing match.43.This step may sound overly deferential, but it' s a smart way to givethe powerful person psychological safety and control. You can saysomething like,“I know we seem to be moving toward a first-quartercommitment here.I have reasons to think that won' t work.T d like to lay out my reasoning. Would that be OK?"This gives the person achoice,allowing them to verbally opt in.And, assuming they say yes.it willmake, you feel more confidentabout voicing yourdisagreement.44._You might feel your heart racing or your face turning red, but dcwhatever you can to remain neutral in both your words and actions,When your body language communicates reluctance or anxiety,itundercuts the message. Itsends a mixed message, and yourcounterpart gets to choose what to read. Deep breaths can help, ascan speaking more slowly and deliberately. When we feel panicky wetend to talk louder and faster. Simply slowing the pace and talking inan even tone helps the other person calm down and does the samefor you. It also makes you seem confident, even if you aren't.45._Emphasize that you're offering your opinion, not gospel truth. Itmay be a well-informed, well-researched opinion, but it' s still anopinion, my talk tentatively and slightly understate your confidence.Instead of saying something like, " If we set an end-of-quarterdeadline, we'll never make it,:" say,“This is just my opinion, but ldon't see how we will make that deadline." Havingasserted yourposition(as a position，not as a fact) demonstrate equal curiosityabout other views.Remind the person that this is your point of view,and then invite critique. Be open to hearing other opinions.Part CDirections:Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation onthe ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)We tend to think that friends and family members are our biggestsource of connection, laughter and warmth . While that may well betrue, researchers have also recently found that interacting withstrangers actually brings a boost in mood and feelings of belongingthat we didn't expect.In one series of studies,researchers instructed Chicago- areacommuters using public transportation to strike up a conversationwith someone near them. On average,participants who followed thisinstruction felt better than those who had been told to stand or sit insilence.The researchers also argued that when we shy away fromcasual interactions with strangers,It is often due to a misplacedanxiety that they might not want to talk to us. Much of the time,however, this belief is false . As it tums outmany people are actuallyperfectly wiling to talk- and may even beflattered to receive yourattention .Section m WritinPart A51.Directions:Suppose you are organising an online meeting. Write an email to Jackan international student.(1)invite him to participate,and(2) tell him the detailsYou should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the e-mail. Use " LiMing"instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52.Directions:Write an essay based on chart below. In your writing,you should(1) interpret the chart,and (2)give your commentsYou should write about 150words on theANSWERSHEET.(15points)60.0%,50.0% ,4.0%s30.0N)23.9%20.ogsy,10.0gy .px.hep.0.0%。
外研社新课标高中英语必修2课文
外研社新课标必修二课文Module 1 Zhou KaiWhen Zhou Kai’s mother saw him heading towards the front door without a jacket on, she eyed him anxiously.“Zhou Kai, where are you going?” she asked.“To the park. I’m gong to play football,” said Zhou Kai.“But it’s raining! Y ou’ll catch a bad cold,” said his mother.“No, I won’t. I’ll be fine,” said Zhou Kai, as he opened the door.“Zhou Kai, you’ll get ill. Y ou know you will. Y ou can at least go and get your jacket.”“OK, OK” Zhou Kai went and did as he was told.Zhou Kai (2)My mother has always made sure we eat very healthily, and fresh fruit and vegetables are a very important part of our diet. We live near the sea and we have fish about four times a week. We don’t eat much fat or sugar. A lot of my school f riends eat sweets every day but I’m lucky because I don’t have a sweet tooth ----I’d rather eat a nice piece of fruit. And I’m not too heavy, so I never have to diet, or anything like that.I’m quite healthy. I very rarely get colds, although, unusually for me, I had a bad cold and a bit of a fever last week. But that’s because I was stupid enough to play football in the rain. I don’t often get things like flu either. Last winter almost all my class mates got flu ----but I didn’t.I think I don’t get these things because I take a lot of exercise and am very fit. Two years ago I broke my arm playing football. The injury was quite painful and I couldn’t move my arm for month----I hated that.So as you can see from what I’ve said, I’m a normal kind of perso n.But there’s one thing I really love ----I’m crazy about football.I’m captain of the class team at school and I’m also a member of the Senior High team.Because of this, I make sure that I have a good diet, and as I’ve said, this isn’t a problem becaus e my mother feeds us so well.CULTURAL CORNERThe health care system of a country is very important and different countries have different ways of paying for it. Britain was the first country in the world to have a free health care system paid for by the government. Health care is free for everyone living in Britain. Most doctors and nurses work for the government and most hospitals are owned by the government. Until recently this system was very successful but recently there have been problems. This is because the government9has not put enough money into the health service. As a result, more people are using private health insurance. They see doctors who work for themselves and pay the doctors through the health insurance company.In America the system is very different. Most people have private health insurance. Doctors work for themselves and hospitals are privately owned. The health insurance company pays the doctors and the hospitals. The problem with this system is that poorer people don’t have to pay for private health insurance. As a result, they often have both health and money problems.Canada has a different system again. Health care is free. Doctors work privately and hospitals are privately owned. When you become ill, medical fees are paid for by the government.Module 2Article 1 No DrugsMy name is Adam Rouse. I'm 19 years old and I used to be a drug addict. I first started using drugs when I was 15. I bought cannabis from a man in the street. I continued to buy cannabis from the same man for about six months. One day, he offered me some crack cocaine.Article 2Cocaine is a powerfully addictive drug. Some drug users inject cocaine, others smoke it. Both ways are dangerous. Users who inject the drug are also in more danger if they share needles with other users.Crack cocaine is the most addictive form of cocaine. Users become addicted to crack cocaine much more easily if they smoke it. Smoking allows cocaine to reach the brain very quickly.When I went back to the man again, I wanted more crack cocaine. But he asked me for a lot of money. I didn't have enough money so he didn't give me any drugs. I was in terrible pain.The next day, I broke into a house and stole a television and a video recorder. I took them to the drug dealer. He told me to take them to a shop in a nearby street. The man in the shop gave me some money. I took the money to the drug dealer and he gave me some more crack cocaine.Using cocaine increases the user's heart rate and blood pressure.As a result, cocaine users sometimes have heart attacks. Smoking crack cocaine also causes anti-social behaviour.By this time, I was addicted to crack cocaine. If I didn't have any drugs, I was in terrible pain. And I had to steal something every day to pay for the drugs.One day, the police took me to the police station.The next day, a doctor came to see me. He told me that I could die if I didn't stop taking crack cocaine, so I took his advice and stopped immediately.Now I work in a centre for drug addicts, helping others to stop taking drugs.10CULTURAL CORNERStop Smoking Now—W e Can Help!In almost every US city and town, there are local organisations to help people stop smoking. Participants learn to recognize smoking triggers (things that start them smoking) and they try to set a date in the future when they will stop smoking.One of the most popular and successful is the California Smokers' Helpline. Here is an extract from one of their leaflets.When you really want a cigarette—try the four Ds:1Delay: Look at your watch and wait for a couple of minutes. If you can wait two minutes, you won't want to smoke.2Distraction: Whatever you're doing when you want to smoke—do something else! For example, if you're alone, find someone to talk to. If you're sitting down, take a short walk.3 Drink water: If you drink water, you reduce the need to have something in your mouth.4Deep breathing: Breathe in slowly and deeply. Count to five when your lungs are full. Then breathe out slowly. Repeat several times.And here are some ideas to help people to give up smoking:1Make a plan: Make a list of friends who smoke and places where you smoke. Don't see those people and don't go to those places!2Set a date when you're going to stop: Choose a time when you will be relaxed but also too busy to think about smoking.3Keep busy: Instead of smoking, make a phone call, take a short walk, talk with a friend.4Develop new interests: Exercise—walking, hiking, jogging, swimming, or taking a gymnastic class—helps you to forget about cigarettes.Module 3 MusicJoseph Haydn (1732--1809) was an Austrian composer and is known as "the father of the symphony". Other composers had written symphonies before Haydn, but he changed the symphony into a long piece for a large orchestra.He was born in a village in Austria, the son of a peasant. He had a beautiful singing voice. After studying music in V ienna, Haydn went to work at the court of a prince in eastern Austria, where he became director of music.Having worked there for 30 years, Haydn moved to London, where he was very successful.11Mozart (1756--1791) was a composer, possibly the greatest musical genius of all time. He only lived 35 years and he composed more than 600 pieces of music.Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was born in Salzburg, Austria. His father Leopold was a musician and orchestra conductor. Wolfgang had musical talent from a very early age. He learned to play the harpsichord when he was four, he started composing music when he was five, and when he was six, he played the harpsichord in a concert for the Empress of Austria.By the time he was 14, Mozart had composed many pieces for the harpsichord, piano and violin, as well as for orchestras.While he was still a teenager, Mozart was already a big star and toured Europe giving concerts.Haydn met Mozart in 1781 and was very impressed with him."He is the greatest composer the world has known," he said. The two were friends until Mozart's death in 1791.Ludwig van Beethoven (1770 - 1827) was born in Bonn, Germany. He showed musical talent when he was very young, and learned to play the violin and piano from his father, who was a singer. Mozart met Beethoven and was impressed by him. "He will give something wonderful to the world," he said.Beethoven met Haydn in 1791, but was not impressed by the older man. After they had known each other for many years, Beethoven said, "He is a good composer, but he has taught me nothing." However, it was Haydn who encouraged Beethoven to move to Vienna.Beethoven became very popular in the Austrian capital and stayed there for the rest of his life. As he grew older, he began to go deaf. He became completely deaf during the last years of his life, but he continued composing.CULTURAL CORNERY e XiaogangY e Xiaogang, who was born in 1955,is one of a group of Chinese composers known as the New Tide. He writes symphonies and pieces for smaller groups of musicians. He also writes film music. He showed musical ability at an early age and began studying piano when he was four years old.From 1978 till 1983, he studied at the Central Conservatory of Music of China. After graduation, he worked there as a lecturer.In 1985, there was a concert of Y e Xiaogang's symphonies in Beijing. From that time, he has been one of the leading modern composers of Chinese classical music. In 1986, his album Horizon appeared and his music was played at the First Contemporary Chinese Composers' Festival in Hong Kong. He is famous for mixing Chinese musical traditions with western forms and instrumentation.Y e is a member of the Beijing music group Eclipse. Eclipse is perhaps the first independent12music group in China which plays works by modern Chinese composers. In November 1996, the group played with Italian musician Enrico Rava at the Beijing International Jazz Festival.Y e Xiaogang has received many prizes, in China and in other countries. Since 1993, he has worked part of the time in Beijing and part of the time in the US. He's a professor of music at the Central Conservatory of Music of China, and composes pieces for the Shanghai Symphony Orchestra.MODULE 4 Fine Arts-W estern Chinese and Pop Arts A．This is a painting by the Spanish artist, Pablo Picasso, considered to be the greatest western artist of the twentieth century. Picasso and another painter, George Braque, started Cubism, one of the most important of all modern art movements.Cubist artists painted objects and people, with different aspects of the object or person showing at the same time.This painting by contemporary American artist Roy Lichtenstein (1923 -1997) is a world famous example of pop art.Pop art (from the word "popular") was an important modern art movement that aimed to show ordinary twentieth-century city life. For example, it shows things such as soup cans and advertisements.Qi Baishi (1863-1957), one of the China's greatest painters, followed the traditional Chinese style of painting. Chinese painting is known for its brush drawings in black inks and natural colours. Qi Baishi observed the world of nature very carefully, and his paintings are special because of this.Xu Beihong (1895-1953) was one of China's best-known twentieth-century artists.Like Qi Baishi, Xu painted in the traditional Chinese style.Both painters have a beautiful brush line.Xu Beihong believed that artists should show reality, but not just imitate it. Instead, a picture should try to show the "life" of its subject. He is most famous for his lively paintings of horses..I'm studying art at school, and I enjoy it a lot, although I can get tired of looking at pictures all the time. I'm crazy about the paintings of Qi Baishi, and this delightful picture of the little shrimps is such a lovely example of his work. But I can't stand that picture of a golden-haired girl. I think it's stupid.My parents are fond of going to art galleries and often take me with them, so I've developed an interest in art. I must say, I love that picture of the six horses. They look so alive. It's by a Chinese artist, isn't it? I can tell by the style. I think the painting of the young girl is probably by Picasso. I really like him. I think he's an extraordinary artist.13CULTURAL CORNERPeople generally agree that Pablo Picasso, who lived from 1881 to 1973, is the twentieth-century's greatest western artist. He was born in Spain and at the age of ten was already an excellent artist. He had his first exhibition at the age of 16. Picasso studied art in Spain, but moved to France, in his early twenties. From 1902 to 1904 he painted a series of pictures where the main colour was blue. These pictures showed poor, unhappy people and are known as Picasso's "blue period". From 1904 to 1906 Picasso painted much happier pictures in the colour pink. This period was known as Picasso's "pink period".With another Spanish artist called George Braque, Picasso then started an important new artistic movement called Cubism. Picasso's first Cubist paintings were all painted in brown and grey. People agree that Picasso's greatest Cubist painting is Guernica, which was painted in Madrid in 1937. Guernica is the name of a town that was destroyed during the 1930s war in Spain. In this painting, Picasso showed his feelings about what had happened to the town.MODULE 5 Newspapers and MagazinesChinese Taikonaut Back on Earth!China's first taikonaut Lieutenant Colonel Y ang Liwei landed safely this morning in the Shenzhou V capsule in Inner Mongolia, 300 kilometres northwest of Beijing. Y ang was in space for twenty-one and a half hours and made 14 orbits of the earth."It is a great moment in the history of China—and also the greatest day of my life," said Y ang. When he was orbiting in the capsule, he took photographs of planet earth."Our planet is so beautiful," he said.The Beijing Space Control Centre said the flight was a "complete success". When Y ang landed, Premier Wen Jiabao telephoned the Control Centre to offer his congratulations.When Y ang took off from Jiuquan in northwest China at 9 am yesterday, China became the third nation to send a man into space.Y ang is the 438th person to travel in space, including astronauts from 32 countries. In total, these astronauts have spent more than 26,000 days in space.While he was travelling in space, Y ang spoke to two astronauts aboard the International Space Station, which is orbiting the earth, American astronaut Edward Lu and Russian cosmonaut Y uri Malenchenko.Lu, whose parents were born in China, spoke to Y ang in Chinese during his flight. "Welcome to space," he said. Malenchenko said, "I am glad there is somebody else in space with us. It's great work by thousands and thousands of people from China."Many countries around the world sent messages of congratulations. Sean O'Keefe from NASA14(National Aeronautics and Space Administration) in the US said that Y ang's space flight was "an important historical achievement and NASA wishes China continuing success with its space flight programme". United Nations Secretary-General Kofi Annan called the flight "a step forward for the whole world".CULTURAL CORNERDaily Newspapers in Britain and the United StatesNewspapers in Britain can be divided into the quality press (more serious newspapers) and the popular press. Quality newspapers have home and international news, and sports and cultural events. They also carry financial reports, travel news and book and film reviews.Popular newspapers are also known as tabloids. They have large headlines, a lot of big photographs and concentrate on news and events about famous people, and news about the British royal family.The Times is the most famous of the quality newspapers. It began in 1785. It is read by important people such as politicians, lawyers and businessmen. The Sun, founded in 1964, is the most successful of the popular newspapers. Around four million people read it every day and it sells more than any other daily newspaper.In the United States, newspapers usually have the name of the city where they are produced (for example, The New York Times ). Y ou can buy the bigger ones all over the country. The US also has a lot of tabloid newspapers, such as The New York Daily News, which are similar to British tabloids.MODULE 6 Films and TV ProgrammesFilm Review: Crouching Tiger, Hidden DragonMartial arts films are often enjoyable but they are seldom great art. Now, to everyone's surprise, Ang Lee, director of a number of excellent films, has made a martial arts film called Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon. The result is a masterpiece.The film belongs to a type of Chinese story called wuxia.These stories tell of nineteenth-century martial arts masters with unusual abilities. Wuxia films are popular in China, and they are now popular in the west too.The story takes place in the early 1800s in China.A man and a woman, Li Mubai (played by Chow Y un-Fat) and Y u Xiulian (played by Michelle Yeoh), both masters of the martial arts, are in15love with each other. But Xiulian had a fiancé who has died. Because this fiancé was a good friend of Mubai, Mubai feels that he cannot marry Xiulian. When someone steals Xiulian's sword, Mubai and Xiulian try to get it back. The action takes place on Peking rooftops, and in places as far away as the deserts of western China. As in the old wuxia stories, characters leap through the air every now and then, with beautiful, graceful movements, while audiences shout in surprise.Unusually, it is the female characters that interest us most. Brave, good and strong, Xiulian is the character we care about most.Beautiful Zhang Ziyi plays the part of Y u Jiaolong, a young woman who is not as good as she seems. The fight scenes between Jiaolong and Xiulian are some of the most exciting moments in modern cinema. But one cannot forget the wonderful Chow Y un-Fat, who is as good with a sword as he is with a gun.His romantic scenes with Y u Xiulian are very moving, as their eyes show all the love that they must not express in words.Film like this rarely reach the cinema.Go and see Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon.It will make your heart leap with excitement at its beauty.CULTURAL CORNERSteven Spielberg—Film DirectorAsk a young person in the street who the greatest American film director is, and you may get the answer Steven Spielberg. He has certainly made more successful films than any other director in the west.Spielberg was born in the state of Ohio, America, in 1946. He showed that he had unusual abilities when he was very young, completing his first 15-minute home movie at the age of 13. When he was 16 he made a 135-minute home movie called Firelight. This was shown at a local cinema and made $100.At the age of 24, Spielberg made a 26-minute film called Amblin. A Hollywood film studio liked it and employed Spielberg to make a full-length film. This film, Sugarland Express, made in 1974, had some success. Spielberg's next film was Jaws, a film about a shark that ate people. This was one of the most successful films of all time. Other wonderful films followed: E.T.—The Extra Terrestrial (1982), The Indiana Jones Trilogy, Jurassic Park(a film about dinosaurs), and Schindler's List. For this last film Spielberg won an Oscar, Hollywood's highest prize.For many years, Spielberg could not make a mistake. However, in the last fifteen years, some of his films have been less successful. But it is generally agreed, that he, more than anyone else in the history of films, understands the meaning of the word "entertainment".16。
2020年同等学力人员申请硕士学位外国语水平全国统一考试(二)真题及答案解析
2020年同等学力人员申请硕士学位外国语水平全国统一考试（二）真题及答案解析Section BDirections:Im this section,you are required1o read one quoted blog and the commentson it.The biog and comments arc followed by questions or unfinished statements,eachwith four suggested answers A,B,C and D. Choose the best answer and mark youranswer onthe Answer Sheet.Face masks are one of the best defenses against the spread of COVID-19,but theirgrowing adoption is having a second,unintended effect: breaking facial recognitionalgorithms(算法).Wearing face masks that adequately cover the mouth and nose causes the errorrate of some of the most widely used facial recognition algorithms to rise to between5percent and50percent,a study by the US National Institute of Standards andTechnology(NIST)has found.Black masks were more likely to cause errors than bluemasks,and the more of the nose covered by the mask,the harder the algorithms foundit to identify the face.“We need to understand how face recognition technology deals with maskedfaces,"said the author of the report and NIST computer scientist. "We have begun byfocusing on how an algorithm developed before the pandemic(大流行病)might beaffected by subjects wearing face masks. Later this summer,we plan to test theaccuracy of algorithms that were intentionally developed with masked faces in mind."Facial recognition algorithms such as those tested by NIST work by measuring the distances between features in a target's face.Masks reduce the accuracy of these algorithms by removing most of these features, although some still remain.This is slightly,different from how facial recognition works on iPhones,for example,which use depth sensors for extra security,ensuring that the algorithms can't be fooled by showing the camera a picture(a danger that is not present in the scenarios NIST is concerned with).Comment1Well,that's one good thing to come out of the pandemic.Mass sureillance is nonsense.Time to pair masks up with sunglasses to deliver the decisive stroke.Comment2“Wearing face masks that adequately cover the mouth and nose causes the error rate of some of the most widely used facial recognition algorithms to rise sharply"Rubbishtechnology!I would've never guessed.Comment3There's a reason why some country is already using gait(步态) analysis.Facial recognition is too easy to block or to fool.Comment4Pretty soon they are going to do...analysis.With the development of AI,there will be away out.Comment5The AI's getting better,though,so soon it won't matter.Just like how you can pick outa relative or close friend even in bad CCTV footage, so too can AI.Your height,walking gait,mannerisms,voice,ears,clothing, etc,all add up to YOU.41.What is the passage mainly about?A.The best way to defend against COVID-19.B.Efforts to improve facial recognition technology.C.Methods to fool the facial recognition system.D.The impact of masks on facial recognition accuracy.42.The NIST study found that compared with blue masks,black masksA.were more widely used by the publicB.caused more errors in facial recognitionC.provided better protection against the virusD.required less complex algorithmsment1seems to beA.in favor of the rules for wearing face masksB.in favor of the facial recognition technologyC.against the wide use of facial recognitionD.against the requirements for wearing face masks44.Which comment views the current facial recognition technology with contempt?ment2.ment3.ment4.ment5.45.Which of the following is positive about the future technological advance?ment2and Comment3.ment I and Comment4.ment3and Comment5.ment4and Comment5.Part IV Cloze(10points)Directions:In this part,there is a passage with ten blanks.For each blank there arefour choices marked A,B,C,and D.Choose the best answer for each blank and markyour answer onthe Answer Sheet.The English countryside has a classic image.People imagine that life in the country is slow and calm;that there are no traffic jams,no pollution,and no crime.In some places,this is true;but in 46it is not.Small towns and villages are becoming more and more 47;people have more space and most houses have gardens.But problems are48.Lots of people want to live in the country and work in the city; so more and more people travel49distances each day,to go to work.Of course they don't use buses or trains;they use cars.Little villages now have traffic problems in the morning,just50big cities!The problems are very complicated!If everyone moves into the country,the peace of the countryside will51!People leave cities and big towns,to escape from urban problems; but more and more,they are52their problems with them.On warm summer days,and cold winter days,air pollution can be a big problem in large53of the south of England,not just in London.Perhaps there is 54for the future.Soon Britain's population will stop rising.From about the year2030,it will perhaps start to fall.In100year's time, there will be less people in Britain than today-perhaps two million less. No doubt there will be55pollution too;oil and petrol will probably be rare by then.46.A.OtherB.the othersC.othersD.another47.A.FamousB.beautifulC.secureD.popular48.A.decliningB.growingC.solvedD.involved49.A.FarB.shortC.remoteD.long50.A.LikeB.asC.forD.to51.A.AriseB.emergeC.continueD.disappear52.A.developing B.bringingC.causingD.creating53.A.PartsB.placesC.ctiesD.blocks54.A.FearB.planC.hopeD.vision55.A.MoreB.lessC.muchD.fewPart V Text Completion(20points)Directions:In this part,there are three incomplete texts with20 questions(Rangingfrom56t075).Above each text there arre three or four phrases to be completed.First,use the choices provided in the box to complete the phrases.Second,use the completedphrases10fill in the blanks of the texr.Note you should blacken the lelters that indicate.your answers onthe Answer Sheet.Text OneA.ConnectedB.HealthyC.immuneA.eating56meals at regular timesB.can also impair our57system fiunctionC.are58to the body clockA lack of quality sleep not only affects how we feel during the daytime, but59,which is vital in protecting us from common viral illnesses. Efforts needed to sleep well that include following a sleeproutine,.60and not drinking too much coffee.All of these things are really interconnected in terms of their function.All of them61The bodyis like an orchestra where there's an orchestra leader that's sort of the main timer,but everybody clse is playing it together and they're optimizing what they are doing.Text TwoA.ShareB.DemandsC.forceA.true happiness62that we have it in our livesB.they freely.63their ups and downsC.as it is a driving.64in our natureOne of the basic needs we have as humans is to connect with others. We have done thissince the beginning of time65.Close intimate friendships fill that need.There issimply no replacement for this in our lives.You can't buy it,borrow it or steal it,but66.Experts found that people who can name several close,supportive friends-friendswithwhom67—live with greater health and happiness.Text ThreeA.FutureB.ShapeC.FormD.safetyA.will adjust themselves for your68and comfortB.wil69the way we live in astonishing waysC.mimicked human70and thinkingD.gains a truer glimpse of our robotic71Tiny technologies are a key to the future of robots.The old science-fiction notion of arobot pictured a large machine that72.But a visitor to the Arificial IntelligenceLaboratory at Cambridge73。
使命召唤2 详细流程攻略
详细流程攻略
苏军战役 第一关：家园保卫战（The Winter War） 1 红军训练（Red Army Training） 时间：1941年12月17日 地点：苏联 莫西科西20里处 德军的部队逼近莫斯科，瓦西里．克斯拉夫和许多市民一样加入到保卫莫斯科的队伍之中，他作为刚加入红军的新兵，必须进行一番训练才能投入战斗。乘车来到莫斯科郊外，跟随战友和长官跳下卡车，用Tab观看任务目标，地图上会用金星标注任务地点。听完雷特莱夫的命令，顺着战壕跑到储藏间拿手枪和来复枪（F），用数字键可切换武器，右键为放大瞄准。向长官汇报后开始射击训练，先朝柱子上的两只玩具熊射击，再将后面的碟子和酒瓶射碎。接下来是肉搏技能训练，用枪托砸向靶子（Shift）。最后学习投掷手榴弹的技能，拾起箱子里的马铃薯朝目标投掷，这里要用G或鼠标中键拾取，然后对准目标投掷，如果目标较高要留出提前量，即准星比目标稍高一些。 回到储藏间逼问俘虏，然后跟随队伍赶往东方的德军补给库。在穿越房屋时会遇到窗口或矮墙，用空格键可翻跃过去。跑过一串的废屋遇到德军的坦克，跑到对面的屋里拿烟雾弹，再上二层朝街道左边扔烟雾弹（4），和队友趁烟雾进入对面的楼，最后在补给库找到一辆德军装甲车，清掉德兵后上去放置炸药（F），轰隆声响中完成任务。 2 破坏（Demolition） 时间：1942年12月2日 地点：苏联 斯大林格勒 瓦西里和战友一起保卫斯大林格勒，在穿越伏尔加河时许多的同志都牺牲的，慢慢的他感觉到战争的残酷性。任务开始由房间进走廊，躲到箱子后面用步枪开始清理左边大厅里的德兵，等德兵撤离后跑到窗口杀轨道附近的敌人，然后跑到外面攻入对面的楼里。 穿过房间进入防御线战壕，看到前面一位战友正拖着伤员行进，等战壕上面的坦克离去后，看地上的伤员吐着微弱的气息，祝他好运。顺着战壕进入前面的大楼，在里面看到众多埋伏的战友
三全中,三中二,二中二,计算公式
号码复式三中三,三中二计算方法:n(n-1)---------=二中二的组数,如10个号是（10×9÷2）＝45组!2n(n-1)(n-2)---------------- =三中二（或三中三）的组数,如10个号（10×9×8÷6）＝120组!3*2 *1n(n-1)(n-2)(n-3)----------------------- =四中四（或四中二）的组数,如10个号（10×9×8×7÷24）＝210组!4* 3*2 *1n(n-1)(n-2)(n-3)(n-4)---------------------------- =五中五（或五中二）的组数,如10个号（10×9×8×7×6÷120）＝252组!5* 4* 3*2 *1n(n-1)(n-2)(n-3)(n-4)(n-5)--------------------------------- =六中六（或六中二）的组数,如10个号（10×9×8×7×6×5÷720）＝210组! 6* 5* 4* 3* 2 * 1复式连（三中三）（三中二）赔率表:===============================================组合个数‖ 组数‖ 中二个‖ 中三个‖ 中四个‖ 中五个 ‖ 中六个 ‖===============================================4 ‖ 4 ‖ 2组 ‖ 3组＋1 ‖ 0组＋4 ‖===============================================5 ‖ 10 ‖ 3组 ‖ 6组＋1 ‖ 6组＋4 ‖ 0组＋10‖===============================================6 ‖ 20 ‖ 4组 ‖ 9组＋1 ‖ 12组＋4‖ 10组＋10 ‖ 0组＋20‖===============================================7 ‖ 35 ‖ 5组 ‖ 12组＋1‖ 18组＋4‖ 20组＋10‖ 15组＋20‖===============================================8 ‖ 56 ‖ 6组 ‖ 15组＋1‖ 24组＋4‖ 30组＋10‖ 30组＋20‖===============================================9 ‖ 84 ‖ 7组 ‖ 18组＋1‖ 30组＋4‖ 40组＋10‖ 45组＋20‖===============================================10 ‖ 120 ‖ 8组 ‖ 21组＋1‖ 36组＋4‖ 50组＋10‖ 60组＋20‖===============================================11 ‖ 165 ‖ 9组 ‖ 24组＋1 ‖ 42组＋4‖ 60组＋10‖ 75组＋20‖===============================================12 ‖ 220 ‖ 10组 ‖ 27组＋1‖ 48组＋4‖ 70组＋10‖ 90组＋20‖===============================================13 ‖ 286 ‖ 11组 ‖ 30组＋1‖ 54组＋4‖ 80组＋10‖ 105组＋20‖===============================================14 ‖ 364 ‖ 12组 ‖ 33组＋1‖ 60组＋4‖ 90组＋10‖ 120组＋20‖===============================================15 ‖ 455 ‖ 13组 ‖ 36组＋1‖ 66组＋4‖ 100组＋10‖ 135组＋20‖===============================================组合个数‖ 组数‖ 中二个‖ 中三个‖ 中四个‖ 中五个 ‖ 中六个 ‖===============================================2中2复式计算公式2个码=2*1/2=1组2中2复式计算公式3个码=3*2/2=3组3中3复式计算公式3个码=3*2*1/6=1组3中3复式计算公式4个码=4*3*2/6=4组4中4复式计算公式4个码=4*3*2*1/24=1组4中4复式计算公式5个码=5*4*3*2/24=5组5中5复式计算公式5个码=5*4*3*2*1/120=1组5中5复式计算公式6个码=6*5*4*3*2/120=6组6中6复式计算公式6个码=6*5*4*3*2*1/720=1组6中6复式计算公式7个码=7*6*5*4*3*2/720=7组7中7复式计算公式7个码=7*6*5*4*3*2*1/5040=1组7中7复式计算公式8个码=8*7*6*5*4*3*2/5040=8组注：其实很简单，所有的复式都有公式可算的，全有关连，细看一定能看出的。
商务翻译英译汉 Unit (2)
• 一种出口干电池的商标叫“白象”，英译成“White Elephant”。殊不知a white elephant是条固定的英文短 语，意为“沉重的负担”（a burdensome possession） 或“无用而累赘的东西”（useless）。“蜜蜂”牌洗 澡香皂被直译为“Bees”。这是完全对应的英译，但英 文读者却不欢迎这个译名，因为蜜蜂身上有几乎看不见 的绒刺，擦在身上自然感觉不到舒服。马戏牌扑克牌被 音译成“Maxipuke”也是符合翻译技巧和原则的。但这 个汉语拼音牌名正好是两个英义词“Maxi”（＝very large or particularly big特大的）和“puke” （=vomit 呕吐物，催吐剂；令人作呕的人成物）的集合。人们玩 扑克无疑多为娱乐，起名“马戏”对中国人来说是个很 理想的名字。可英国人对此译名却可能是望而却步。它 不仅不给人以快乐的感觉，反而令人感到恶心。
Unit 2
Ugly Is Only Skin-deep
《商务英语翻译》 （英译汉）
【Translation】
It may not be much to look at. But beneath that humble exterior beats an air-cooled engine. It won’t boil and ruin your piston rings. It won’t freeze over and ruin your life. It’s in the back of the car for better traction in snow and sand. And it will give you about 29 miles to a gallon of gas. • After a while you get to like so much about the VW②, you even get to like what it looks like. • You find that there’s enough legroom for almost anybody’s legs. Enough headroom for almost anybody’s head. With a hat on it. Snugfitting bucket seats. Doors that close so well you can hardly close them. They’re so airtight, it’s better to open the window a crack first! • Those plain, unglamorous wheels are much suspended independently. So when a bump makes one wheel bounce, the bounce doesn’t make the other wheel bump. It’s things like that you pay $1585 for, when you buy a VW. The ugliness doesn’t add a thing to the cost of the car. • That’s the beauty of it.
2是什么意思
2是什么意思
2是一个网络用语，通常有多种理解意思，可以理解为“爱”，理解为“笨”、“傻”的意思，也可以形容一个人很活泼开朗、幽默并且个性，还可以用来形容人呆住、无语。
众所周知，在网络中，2通常有多种理解意思，一种理解为“爱”，如数字串“520”=我爱你，数字串“5201314”=我爱你一生一世，数字串“258”=爱我吧，数字串“7758258”=亲亲我吧爱我吧，数字串“52410”=我爱死你了。
其他一种理解为“笨”、“傻”的意思。
例如250，2货。
这种意思的2来源于"62"，近似于杭州方言“盒子”，用来形容人脑袋空空比较笨。
另一种意思就是形容一个人很活泼开朗，很幽默并且个性，比如说：“很2很光芒”。
还有一种用来形容人呆住、无语的意思，如：看到这个成绩我瞬间就2了。
同时，在北京方言里，2也表示一种傻，脑子不灵活的意思。
选择性必修二 unit 2 workbook 课文讲解
• Right now, I’m studying every day for m HSK exam (a Chinese language qualification. But I also get a chance to explore the city. I usually get up extra early each morning to enjoy a freshly made breakfast on the street and then I often visit a park, I’m not sure if you know but I’m really interested in tai chi, so I spend a lot of time in the city parks practising with the locals. There’s a lot of traditional culture still alive in China. The park are full of people playing traditional instruments, playing Chinese chess, and even writing calligraphy on the ground with giant paintbrush.
• 你还好吗？妈妈说你问我怎么样，所以让我告诉你我在这里的生活。
新概念英语第四册课文及翻译：Lesson2
⽆忧考新概念频道为⼤家整理的新概念英语第四册课⽂及翻译：Lesson2，供⼤家参考。
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【课⽂】 First listen and then answer the following question. 听录⾳，然后回答以下问题。
How much of each year do spiders spend killing insects? Why, you may wonder, should spiders be our friends? Because they destroy so many insects, and insects include some of the greatest enemies of the human race. Insects would make it impossible for us to live in the world; they would devour all our crops and kill our flocks and herds, if it were not for the protection we get from insect-eating animals. We owe a lot to the birds and beasts who eat insects but all of them put together kill only a fraction of the number destroyed by spiders. Moreover, unlike some of the other insect eaters, spiders never do the harm to us or our belongings. Spiders are not insects, as many people think, nor even nearly related to them. One can tell the difference almost at a glance, for a spider always has eight legs and an insect never more than six. How many spiders are engaged in this work on our behalf? One authority on spiders made a census of the spiders in grass field in the south of England, and he estimated that there were more than 2,250,000 in one acre; that is something like 6,000,000 spiders of different kinds on a football pitch. Spiders are busy for at least half the year in killing insects. It is impossible to make more than the wildest guess at how many they kill, but they are hungry creatures, not content with only three meals a day. It has been estimated that the weight of all the insects destroyed by spiders in Britain in one year would be greater than the total weight of all the human beings in the country. 【New words and expressions ⽣词和短语】 insect n. 昆⾍ devour v. 吞⾷ flock n. ⽺群 herd n. 牧群 beast n. 野兽 fraction n. ⼩部分 census n. 统计数字 acre n. 英亩 content adj. 满⾜的 【课⽂注释】 1. you may wonder 是这个疑问句的插⼊语。
2位数加法口算题
2位数加法口算题两位数加法口算题呀，这可太有趣啦！咱们先来说说简单一点的，像10 + 10，这可就等于20呢。
就好像是你有10个小糖果，然后又得到了10个小糖果，那你手里总共就有20个小糖果啦。
还有11 + 12呢，11就像11个小矮人，12呢就像12个小仙女，他们加在一起就是23个啦。
再看看15 + 20，15个小苹果加上20个小苹果，那就是35个小苹果哦。
这就像是你去水果摊，先买了15个苹果，然后又买了20个苹果，你得知道自己一共买了多少个呀。
13 + 16也很简单呢，13个小弹珠加上16个小弹珠，总共就是29个小弹珠。
咱们还可以来点稍微难一点的，像25 + 36。
这就有点像你有25只小绵羊，然后又多了36只小绵羊，你可以先把25看成20和5，36看成30和6。
20 + 30等于50，5 + 6等于11，50 + 11就等于61啦。
还有32 + 48呢，把32想成30和2，48想成40和8，30 + 40等于70，2 + 8等于10，70 + 10就是80啦。
45 + 35也很好玩哦。
45个小气球加上35个小气球，40 + 30等于70，5 + 5等于10，70 + 10就是80。
51 + 29呢，51可以是50和1，29是20和9，50 + 20等于70，1 + 9等于10，70 + 10就是80。
两位数加法口算题就像是一个个小挑战，每次算对了就像打游戏过关了一样开心。
你可以和小伙伴们一起玩这个口算游戏呢。
比如说，你出一道22 + 33的题给小伙伴，小伙伴要是能很快算出是55，那就很厉害啦。
然后小伙伴再出一道44 + 16的题给你，你算出是60，那你们就可以互相夸奖啦。
这两位数加法口算题在生活中也很有用处哦。
比如说你去超市买东西，一个小本子23元，一支笔12元，你得算出一共要花多少钱呀，这就用到两位数加法口算啦。
又或者你帮妈妈数家里的鸡蛋，左边有34个，右边有25个，你得知道一共有多少个鸡蛋，这时候两位数加法口算就派上用场啦。
人教版(2019)必修三Unit 2 Morals and Virtues 课文翻译
MOTHER OF TEN THOUSAND BABIES万婴之母“Life is precious. ... To a person nothing is more precious than their life, and if they entrust me with that life, how could I refuse that trust, saying I’m cold, hungry, or tired?” These words of Dr Lin Qiaozhi give us a look into the heart of this amazing woman, and what carried her through a life of hard choices.“⽣命诚可贵。
……对⼀个⼈来说，⽣命是最宝贵的，⽽现在这个⼈对你说，我把⽣命交给你，那么你还说什么呢？你冷？你饿？你困？” 从林巧稚医⽣的这番话，我们可以看到这位伟⼤⼥性的内⼼世界，以及到底是什么⽀撑着她⾛过充满艰难抉择的⼀⽣。
As a five-year-old girl, Lin Qiaozhi was deeply affected by her mother’s death. At age 18, instead of following the traditional path of marriage like the majority of girls, she chose to study medidne. “Why should girls learn so much? Finding a good husband should be their final goal!” her brother complained, thinking of the high tuition fees. She responded, “I’d rather stay single to study all my life!”林巧稚五岁时母亲病故，这对她影响极⼤。
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鸥鹏·中央商业街2#楼及车库工程钢结构专项工方案编制单位：重庆中鸥建设集团有限公司2017年月日第一章编制目的与依据一、编制目的：本施工组织设计编制的目的是：为铜梁欧鹏.中央商业街2#楼5层电影厅钢结构工程，提供较为完整的纲领性技术文件，用以指导工程施工与管理，确保优质、高效、安全、文明地完成该工程的建设任务。
二、编制依据：1、施工图纸等资料。
2、重庆市有关建筑工程安装文明施工规范、标准。
3、施工节点图集、ISO9001质量保证体系标准文件，质量手册等技术指导性文件以及现有同类工程的施工经验、技术力量。
4、根据中国现行的有关标准和规范要求：（1）《钢结构工程施工质量验收规范》（GB50205-2001）（2）《建筑钢结构焊接规程》（JGJ81-91）（3）《钢结构高强度螺栓连接的设计、施工及验收规程》（JGJ82-91）（4）《钢结构制作工艺规程》（DBJ08-216-95）（5）《冷弯薄壁型钢结构技术规范》（GBJ18-87）（6）《建筑设计防火规范》（GBJ16-87）第二章工程简介及特点一、工程简介：（一）总包单位：重庆中鸥建设集团有限公司（二）工程名称：铜梁鸥鹏.中央商业街2#楼（三）工程概况：1、铜梁鸥鹏.中央商业街2#楼5层，29-38/AA-P均为电影院，采用钢结构配合钢筋混凝土结构施工。
电影院共分6个影厅，建筑面积约2420m2，每个影厅由观影厅和放映厅两部分组成，影厅四周钢柱高度为楼板起0.5m-3.6米。
2、本工程钢结构施工为影厅钢结构加混凝土板平台基座。
3、钢结构平台梁柱采用高强度螺栓连接加焊接，其余钢结构采用焊接。
4、钢结构全部按图纸设计要求涂漆。
二、工程特点：1、工期紧：本工程根据计划，必须合理安排各阶段的工作时间及相互交接时间，且明确各工序的最迟交接时间，以保证工程如期竣工。
2、现场焊接：本工程为钢结构高强度螺栓连接加焊接。
要求施工人员必须保证安全、文明施工；现场施工条件有限，必须保证施工质量。
3、钢结构平台，建筑外立面均已施工幕墙，留给我方操作地方狭窄，故无法进行大规模吊运；施工时用塔吊将材料吊运至走廊，分散进场，再人工搬运至影厅室内，一定要做到安全高空作业。
第三章施工部署第一节实施目标为充分发挥企业优势，科学组织安装作业，我们将选派高素质的项目经理及工程技术管理人员。
按项目法施工管理，严格执行ISO9001质量保证体系，积极推广新技术、新工艺、新材料，精心组织，科学管理，优质高效地完成施工任务，严格履行合同，确保实现如下目标:1、质量等级：合格。
2、安全文明施工：采取有效措施（特别是高空作业），杜绝工伤、死亡及一切火灾事故的发生，创文明施工工地。
3、科技进步目标：为实现上述质量、安全、工期、文明施工等目标，充分发挥科技的作用，在施工中积极采用成熟的科技成果和现代化管理技术。
第二节施工总体流程钢结构制作钢结构进场进场验收钢结构施工楼承板施工平台板施工安装后补漆收尾验收第三节工期控制施工总进度计划为：钢结构制作8天，钢结构安装8天，平台花纹钢板安装4天，模板安装、钢筋绑扎及混凝土浇灌8天，收尾工作2天，施工期间各工种必须配合施工，并交叉作业，总工期应控制在30天之内。
第四节施工准备一、技术准备1、工程按甲方设计的图纸，及时会同项目班子人员进行图纸自审，进行图纸会审，并形成记录。
积极配合甲方解决图纸及施工中出现的问题。
2、根据施工图及已制定加工计划、施工计划，并对下步施工制定可行细部方案。
3、做好施工图预算工作，尽快提出材料计划和成本分析，给下步施工提供可行依据。
二、劳动组织准备1、组织本项目部上岗人员岗前培训，学习领会施工图纸，对需上岗人员做到必须持证上岗。
2、根据本工程实际情况，施工高峰期时，每月人员投入按25人员考虑，施工前工长要对操作者进行书面安全、技术交底，实施时，先放样确定无误后方可进行实施。
三、施工现场准备1、根据现场实际情况，详细确定材料及构件堆放位置，加工场地和车走路线，确保现场文明施工。
2、做好现场安全、防火等用具和及有关标牌上墙工作。
准备一定用量的防雨用具及小型工具、以备使用。
四、物资设备准备1、按施工图纸及进度计划要求情况，对钢结构制作要及早提出计划，采购部门对以往公司有合作关系的合格材料供应商进行再次评价，确保产品质量和供货期限。
2、做好塔吊及加工机具进场准备，根据工期计划，机械设备及工具可提前1天进场，并进行机具检修保养，确保机械能够正常作业。
五、施工顺序准备按照首先考虑塔吊作业的范围，我们制定现场施工顺序。
第四章主要项目施工方案一、钢结构施工安装工艺及流程《钢结构工程施工质量验收规范》（GB 50205-2001）施工组织设计（施工方案）钢结构零部件、附件和配件安装机具基础与支承面验收合格测量放线施工条件 构件验收，并做安装标志 清理作业面 平台安装 构件矫正 组拼装构件检测报告、焊接试件和混凝土试件检测报告测量记录吊装记录质量记录竣工图《钢结构工程施工质量验收规范》（GB 50205-2001）二、钢结构加工制作施工方案本钢结构工程，整体结构由钢架柱、梁、楼梯等几部分组成。
各部分零、部件尺寸精度要求较高，其中钢结构柱、梁是本项工程的关键部件，它的几何尺寸精度直接关系到整体工程的质量，为了保证工程质量，严格按照《钢结构工程施工质量验收规范》GB50205-2001标准进行施工。
公司组织有关部门对刚架结构特点进行仔细分析，一致认为：只要解决焊接过程中出现的收缩变形，和弯曲变形问题，就能保证钢结构的整体几何尺寸，采用：钢架梁、柱等重要构件在车间加工，现场组装、放样焊接、校正的工艺方案，来消除焊接过程中出现的收缩变形，弯曲变形，保证构件的整体尺寸符合设计图纸的要求，从而保证整体工程的质量。
（一）钢结构制作工艺流程1、钢架柱、梁的工艺流程型材的调直、矫正→放样→号料→切割→钻孔→组对成型→焊接→翼缘矫正→拼装校验→除锈刷防锈底漆→检查验收→标号→运输2、次结构的工艺流程放样→号料→切割→钻孔→组装→焊接→检查→除锈刷防锈底漆→运输。
（二）材料要求1、进入现场的所有材料的品种、规格、性能等都应符合《GBJ17-88》、《GBJ18-87》、《CECS102：98》现行国家产品标准和设计要求，都具有产品质量证明书或产品合格证。
所有材料为Q345B钢，焊条采用E50xx型。
对主要受力构件所用钢材，应随机取样做机械性能的二次试验，确认合格后方能使用。
2、进场的材料要堆放整齐，材料要按材质、规格分类摆放，要有防雨设施。
3、型材在使用前可进行调直矫正处理，其方法应采用冷矫正，矫正后的钢材表面不应有缺陷，锤痕或其他损伤。
（三）下料及组对要求1、应严格按施工图上的设计尺寸进行放样。
放样应在钢制平台上进行，按1:1放样实测尺寸，经技术及质量人员校核后，方可进行号料。
2、号料应根据工艺要求预留加工余量，放样应做到准确，其允许偏差值应符合下表：3、放样时要合理选择基准线，打好永久性标记线或冲眼为下一步组对工序做好准备，放样后应及时抽查各部尺寸，发现错误及时纠正。
4、钢板均采用自动切割机下料。
角钢等较小构件可采用无齿锯及剪板机。
切割面应打磨平整，其允许偏差应符合下表：（t为切割面厚度）（四）焊接要求1、焊条、焊丝、焊剂、电渣焊熔嘴等焊接材料与母材的匹配应符合设计要求及国家现行行业标准《建筑钢结构焊接技术规程》JGJ81的规定。
焊条、焊剂、药芯焊丝、熔嘴等在使用前，应按其产品说明书及焊接工艺文件的规定进行烘焙和存放。
2、焊工必须经考试合格并取得合格证书。
持证焊工必须在其考试合格项目及其认可范围内施焊。
3、对首次采用的钢材、焊接材料、焊接方法、焊后热处理等，应进行焊接工艺评定，并应根据评定报告确定焊接工艺。
4、设计要求全焊透的一、二级焊缝应采用超声波探伤进行内部缺陷的检验，超声波探伤不能对缺陷做出判断时，应采用射线探伤，其内部缺陷分级及探伤方法应符合现行国家标准《钢焊缝手工超声波探伤方法和探伤结果分级》GB11345的规定或《钢熔化焊对接接头射线照相和质量分级》GB3323的规定。
5、一级、二级焊缝的质量等级及缺陷分级应符合下表的规定。
一、二级焊缝质量等级及缺陷分级焊缝，其焊脚尺寸不应小于t/4；设计有疲劳验算要求的吊车梁或类似构件的腹板与上翼缘连接焊缝的焊脚尺寸为t/2，且不应大于10mm。
焊脚尺寸的允许偏差为0-4mm。
7、钢结构制作时，除小块附件采用手工电弧焊外，其它均采用自动焊接进行施焊。
对接焊缝、端板与梁及柱脚处的连接焊缝应符合二级焊缝质量，其余均按三级焊缝质量标准。
8、所有焊条必须满足被焊材质性能要求，即Q235，采用E43型焊条。
在使用前必须按产品使用说明书进行烘干处理，使用时应在保温筒中存放。
9、焊机施焊前，要进行调试。
要根据焊件厚度调整速度，和焊接电流的大小，以保证设计要求的焊角高度。
10、焊接时应遵守焊接工艺，在焊接及其冷却过程中，焊接部位不得受到任何震动。
11、焊缝表面不得有裂纹、焊瘤等缺陷。
二级、三级焊缝外观质量标准应符合下列表规定，三级对接焊缝应按二级焊缝标准进行外观质量检查。
12、对于还需要进行焊前预热或焊后热处理的焊缝，其预热温度或后热温度应符合国家现行有关标准的规定或通过工艺试验确定。
预热区在焊道两侧，每侧宽度均应大于焊件厚度的 1.5倍以上，且不应小于100mm ；后热处理应在焊后立即进行，保温时间应根据板厚按每25mm 板厚1h 确定。
13、焊成凹形的角焊缝,焊缝金属与母材间应平缓过渡；加工成凹形的角焊缝，不得在其表面留下切痕。
14、焊缝感观应达到：外形均匀、成型较好，焊道与焊道、焊道与基本金属间过渡较不滑，焊渣和飞溅物基本清除干净。
15、焊缝出现裂纹时，焊工不得擅自处理，应查明原因，订出修补工艺后方可处理，焊缝同一部位的返修次数，不宜超过两次，当超过两次时，应按返修工艺进行。
16、焊接完毕，焊工应清理焊缝表面的熔渣及两侧的飞溅物，检查焊缝外观质量，检查合格后应在工艺规定的焊缝及部位打上焊工钢印。
17、在焊缝外观检查过程中，如有局部小面积的焊接缺陷时，可按下表方法整修处理：项别缺陷情形 整修办法 1 钢材表面有明显伤痕 焊接补强后，用砂轮磨平，焊丝长度至少4cm 以上。
2 钢材表面有不明显伤痕 用扁铲将不良部分挖除后，焊接补强硬，用砂轮磨平。
3 钢材边面的层状裂痕 将钢板挖至板厚约四分之一处后,焊接补强并用砂轮磨平。
4 弧击钢材表面产生凹陷痕时,应焊接补强并用砂轮磨平,如稍有裂痕时,用砂轮磨平即可,焊缝最小长度应有4cm 以上。
5 焊接裂痕 应将破裂部分全部挖除,查明发生原因后,改善重焊。
6 焊缝表面凹痕及重叠焊接 将不良部分挖除重焊,焊缝最小长度应有4cm 以上。
7 焊缝表面的凹凸用砂轮磨平1、构件场内运输可采用：塔吊、手推车，运输过程中，不得使构件承受超过许用应力或发生变形、弯曲等。