太原理工大学研究生基础英语试卷及答案

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太原理工大学研究生英语考试第二学期翻译材料 2

1. 手机刷新了人与人的关系。

会议室门口通常贴着一条通告：请与会者关闭手机。

可是会议室里的手机铃声仍然响成一片。

我们都是普通人，并没有多少重要的事情。

尽管如此，我们也不会轻易关掉手机。

打开手机象征我们与这个世界的联系。

手机反映出我们的"社交饥渴症"。

最为常见的是，一个人走着走着突然停下来，眼睛盯着手机屏幕发短信。

他不在乎停在马路中央还是厕所旁边。

Few things have changed human relations as much as the cell phone has. It so happens that we often see a notice on a door to a conference room, "Please keep your cell phone off when a meeting is in session." We still, however, always hear the beeps resounding throughout the chamber. The prevalence of using the cell phone today reflects our "thirst for socialization" and symbolizes a connection between us and the outside world. We are therefore reluctant to turn it off, although few of us are VIPs, or those who have many urgencies to take immediate care of. So we often notice such a picture: a pedestrian, all of sudden, stops, his eyes fixed on the phone screen, to edit his messages, oblivious of all other things. Whether being on the road center or beside a toilet does not seem to bother him.2. We, the human species, are confronting a planetary emergency - a threat to the survival of our civilization that is gathering ominous and destructive potential even as we gather here. But there is hopeful news as well: we have the ability to solve this crisis and avoid the worst - though not all - of its consequences, if we act boldly, decisively and quickly.However, too many of the world's leaders are still best described in the words of Winston Churchill applied to those who ignored Adolf Hitler's threat: “They go on in strange paradox, decid ed only to be undecided, resolved to be irresolute, all powerful to be impotent.”So today, we dumped another 70 million tons of global-warming pollution into the thin shell of atmosphere surrounding our planet, as if it were an open sewer. And tomorrow, we will dump a slightly larger amount, with the cumulative concentrations now trapping more and more heat from the sun我们人类，正面临全球性的危机，我们的生存和文明受到威胁。

太原理工大学研究生基础英语试卷及答案

07-1 PART II VOCABULARY (10 minutes, 10 points)Section A (0.5 point each)21. If innovators are not financially rewarded for their innovations, the incentive forpath-breaking innovation will eventually dry up.A. investmentB. resourceC. inspirationD. stimulus22. These illegal immigrants have to work long hours a day despitethe appalling workingconditions.A. bewilderingB. exasperatingC. dismayingD. upsetting23. Many critics agreed that by and large, this movie was a success in terms of acting andphotography.A. all at onceB. by and byC. to some extentD. on the whole24. The country carried on nuclear tests without feeling apprehensive about theconsequences.A. optimisticB. anxiousC. uncertainD. scared25. There is the fear that babies might be genetically altered to suit the parents' wishes.A. enhancedB. revisedC. alternatedD. modified26. The American Civil War is believed to have stemmed from differences over slavery.A. arisen fromB. contributed toC. patched upD. participated in27. Experts said the amount of compensation for sick smokers would be reduced if cooler jurorsprevailed.A. resignedB. compromisedC. persistedD. dominated28. Hamilton hoped for a nation of cities while Jeffersoncontended that the countryshould remain chiefly agricultural.A. inclinedB. struggledC. arguedD. competed29. There have been some speculations at times as to who will take over the company.A. on occasionB. at presentC. by nowD. for sure30. TWA was criticized for trying to cover up the truth rather than promptly notifyingvictims' families.A. brieflyB. quicklyC. accuratelyD. earnestlySection B (0.5 point each)31. New York probably has the largest number of different language _________ in the world.A. neighborhoodsB. communitiesC. clustersD. assemblies32. Nuclear wastes are considered to _____ a threat to human health and marine life.poseB. imposeC. exposeD. pose33. Some states in the US have set _____ standards concerning math and science tests.A. energeticB.vigorousC. rigorousD. grave34. This school promised to make classes smaller and offer more individualized ___________.A. presentationB. instructionC. convictionD.obligation35. Because of ______ ways of life, the couple has some difficulty getting along witheach other.A. incomprehensibleB. incomparableC. inconceivableD. incompatible36. As __________China and other emerging export powers, efforts to strengthenanti-corruption activities are gaining momentum.A. in the light ofB. in the event ofC. in the case ofD. in the course of37. According to an Australian research, moderate drinkers ________ better thinkers thanheavy drinkers or those who never drink.A. end upB. take upC. put upD. turn up38. Strangely enough, an old man ______ me and introduced himself, who turned out tobe a friend of my father’s.A. stood up toB. walked up toC. lived up toD. added up to39. Many children often _____ why airplanes can fly like birds while we humanscannot.A. assumeB. anticipateC. assureD. wonder40. The FDA was created to _______ the safety of products, review applications and grantapprovals.A. manipulateB. adjustC. regulateD. managePART III CLOZE TEST (10 minutes, 10 points, 1 point each)Tall people earn considerably more money throughout their lives than their shorterco-workers, with each inch adding about US$789 a year in pay, according to a new study."Height 41 career success," says Timothy Judge, a University of Floridaprofessor of management, who led the study. "These findings are troubling since, with afew 42 , such as professional basketball, no one could argue that height issomething essential required for job 43 ," Judge points out.Judge analyzed results of four large-scale studies in the US and Britain that followedthousands of people from childhood to adulthood, examining details of their work andpersonal lives. "If you take this 44 the course of a 30-year career, we're talkingabout literally hundreds of thousands of dollars of earnings 45 that a tall personenjoys," Judge said.Greater height boosted both subjective ratings of work performance--a supervisor's 46 of how effective someone is-- and 47 measures of performance--such assales volume. Being tall may boost self-confidence, improving performance. Otherpeople may also give higher 48 and greater respect to a tall person, giving theman edge in negotiating states, he says.The commanding influence of height may be a remainder of our evolutionary49 . Maybe from a time when humans lived among animals and size was 50 power and strength used when making "fight or run" decisions.41. A. makes out B. works in C. takes on D. matters for42.A. cases B. exceptions C. examples D. problems43. A. performance B. operation C. condition D. environment44.A. on B. with C. over D. to45. A. deficiency B. advantage C. lossD. necessity46. A. imagination B. decision C. judge D. evaluation47. A. relative B. absolute C. objective D.initiative48. A. state B. status C. situation D. statue49. A. origins B. sources C. courses D. organizations50.A. a time in B. a hold on C. a work at D. a sign ofPART IV READING COMPREHENSION (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each)Passage OneAt the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), a student loaded his classnotes into a handheld e-mail device and tried to read them during an exam: a classmateturned him in. At the University of Nevada at Las Vegas (UNLV) students photographedtest questions with their cellphone cameras and transmitted them to classmates. Theuniversity put in place a new examination-supervision system. "If they'd spend as muchtime studying, they'd all be A students," says Ron Yasbin, dean of the College ofSciences of UNLV.With a variety of electronic devices, American students find it easier to cheat. Andcollege officials find themselves in a new game of cat and mouse. They are trying to fightwould-be cheats in the exam season by cutting off Internet access from laptops, demanding the surrender of cellphones before tests or simply requiring that exams betaken with pens and paper."It is annoying. My hand-writing is so bad," said Ryan Dapremont, 21 who justfinished his third year at PepperdineUniversity in California. He had to take his examson paper. Dapremont said technology has made cheating easier, but plagiarism(剽窃) inwriting papers was probably the biggest problem. Students can lift other people's writingsoff the Internet without attributing them.Still, some students said they thought cheating these days was more a product of themindset, not the tools at hand. "Some people put too much emphasis on where they'regoing to go in the future, and all they're thinking about is graduate school and the nextstep," said Lindsay Nicholas, a third-year student at UCLA. She added that pressure tosucceed "sometimes clouds everything and makes people do things that they shouldn'tdo."Some professors said they tried to write exams for which it was hard to cheat,posing questions that outside resources would not help answer. Many officials said thatthey rely on campus honor codes. They said the most important thing was to teachstudents not to cheat in the first place.51. One student at UCLA was found cheating ________________.A. when he was loading his class notes into a handheld e-mail deviceB. when he was trying to tell the answers to his classmatesC. after the university put in place a new examination-supervision systemD. after his classmate reported his cheating to the authority52. According to Ron Yasbin, all the cheating students _____________.A. should be severely punished for their dishonestyB. didn't have much time to study before the examC. could get the highest grades if they had studied hard enoughD. could be excused because they were not familiar with the new system53. To win the new game of cat and mouse in examinations, the college officials have to______________.A. use many high-tech devicesB. cut off Internet access on campusC. turn to the oral exanimation formsD. cut off the use of high-tech devices54. According to Ryan Dapremont, ______________.A. examinations taken with pens and paper were useless in fighting cheatingB. his examination paper was under-graded because of his bad hand-writingC. cheating was more serious in writing papers than in examinationsD. it was more difficult for him to lift other people's writings off the Internet55. Which of the following is probably the most Significant measure to fight cheating?A. Putting less emphasis on where the students are going to go in the future.B. Letting students know that honesty is more important.C. Writing examinations for which it is hard to cheat.D. Setting up more strict campus honor codes.56. The best title of the passage might be_____________.A. Cheating Has Gone High-techB. Game of Cat and MouseC. A New Examination-supervision SystemD. Measures to Fight Against DishonestyPassage TwoTop marathon runners tend to be lean and light, star swimmers are long thighs withhuge feet and gold medal weightlifters are solid blocks of muscle with short arms andlegs. So, does your physical shape--and the way your body works--fit you for aparticular sport? Or does your body develop a certain way because of your chosen sport?"It's about 55:45, genes to the environment," says Mike Rennie, professor of clinicalphysiology at Britain's University of Nottingham Medical School. Rennie cites the caseof identical twins from Germany, one of whom was a long-distance athlete, the other apowerful sportsman, so, "They look quite different, despite being identical twins."Someone who's 1.5-meters tall has little chance of becoming an elite basketballplayer. Still, being over two meters tall won't automatically push you to Olympic gold."Unless you have tactical sense where needed, unless you have access to good equipment,medical care and the psychological conditions, and unless you are able to drive yourself through pain, all the physical strength will be in vain," said Craig Sharp, professor ofsports science at Britain's Brunel University.Jonathan Robinson, an applied sports scientist at the University of Bath's sportsdevelopment department, in southwest England, points to the importance of technique."In swimming only 5-10 per cent of the propelling force comes from the legs, sotechnique is vital."Having the right physique for the right sport is a good starting point. Seventeenyears ago, the Australian Institute of Sport started a national Talent Search Program,which searched schools for 14-16-year-olds with the potential to be elite athletes. One oftheir first finds was Megan Still, world champion rower. In 1987, Still had never pickedup an oar in her life. But she had almost the perfect physique for a rower. After intensivetraining, she won gold in women's rowing in the 1996 Atlanta Olympics.Other countries have followed the Australian example. Now the explosion of geneticknowledge has meant that there is now a search, not just for appropriate physique but alsofor "performance genes."57. It can be concluded from the passage that__________.A. physical strength is more important for sportspersons' successB. training conditions are more important for sportspersons' successC. genes are more important for sportspersons' successD. psychological conditions are more important for sportspersons' success58. The case of identical twins from Germany shows that_________.A. environment can help determine people's body shapeB. genes are the decisive factors for people's body shapeC. identical twins are likely to enjoy different sportsD. identical twins may have different genes for different sports59. Which of the following is NOT mentioned by Craig Sharp as a required quality for asportsperson to win an Olympic gold medal?A. The physical strength.B. The right training conditions.C. The talent for the sports.D. The endurance for pains.60. Seventeen years ago Megan Still was chosen for rowing because____________.A. she had the talent for rowingB. her body shape was right for a rowerC. she had the performance genesD. she was a skillful rower61. The word "elite" in Paragraph 5 means ________ .A. the most wealthyB. the most skilledC. the most industriousD. the most intelligent62. The elite athletes of the future may come from people who naturally possess___________.A. the best body shapes and an iron purposeB. the extremes of the right physique and strong willsC. the right psychological conditions and sports talentsD. the right physique and genes for sportsPassage ThreeFor years, a network of citizens' groups and scientific bodies has been claiming thatscience of global warming is inconclusive. But who funded them?Exxon's involvement is well known. ExxonMobil is the world's most profitablecorporation. It makes most of its money from oil, and has more to lose than any othercompany from efforts to tackle climate change. To safeguard its profits, ExxonMobilneeds to sow doubt about whether serious action needs to be taken on climate change.But there are difficulties: it must confront a scientific consensus as strong as that whichmaintains that smoking causes lung cancer or that HIV causes Aids. So what's itsstrategy?The website , using data found in the company's official documents,lists 124 organizations that have taken money from the company or work closely withthose that have. These organizations take a consistent line on climate change: that thescience is contradictory, the scientists are split, environmentalists are liars or lunatics, andif governments took action to prevent global warming, they would be endangering theglobal economy for no good reason. The findings these organizations dislike are labeled"junk science". The findings they welcome are labeled "sound science".This is not to claim that all the science these groups champion is bogus. On thewhole, they use selection, not invention. They will find one contradictory study - such asthe discovery of tropospheric (对流层的) cooling - and promote it relentlessly. They willcontinue to do so long after it has been disproved by further work. So, for example, JohnChristy, the author of the troposphere paper, admitted in August 2005 that his figureswere incorrect, yet his initial findings are still being circulated and championed by manyof these groups, as a quick internet search will show you.While they have been most effective in the United States, the impacts of theclimate-change deniers sponsored by Exxon have been felt all over the world. Bydominating the media debate on climate change during seven or eight critical years inwhich urgent international talks should have been taking place, by constantly seedingdoubt about the science just as it should have been most persuasive, they have justifiedthe money their sponsors have spent on them many times over. 63. Which of the following has NOT been done by the organizations to establish theirposition on climate change'?A. Damaging the reputation of environmentalists.B. Emphasizing the lack of consensus among scientists.C. Stressing the unnecessary harm to tile global economy.D. Protecting the scientific discoveries from being misused.64. Which of the following is closest in meaning to "bogus' (in Paragraph 4)?A. Reasonable.B. Fake.C. Limitless.D. Inconsistent.65. John Christy is mentioned to show_______________.A. how closely these organizations work with scientistsB. how these organizations select scientific findings for theirownpurposeC. how important correct data are for scientists to make sound discoveriesD. how one man's mistake may set back the progress of science66. The organizations sponsored by Exxon ___________.A. have lived up to their promisesB. have almost caused worldwide chaosC. have failed to achieve their original goalD. have misunderstood the request of the sponsor67. The passage is mainly focused on____________.A. Exxon's involvement in scientific scandalsB. Exxon's contributions to the issue of climate changeC. Exxon's role in delaying solutions to global warmingD. Exxon's efforts to promote more scientific discoveries68. What is the author's tone in presenting the passage?A. Factual.B. Praiseful.C. Biased.D. Encouraging.Passage FourWhere anyone reaching the age of 60 was considered to be near death's door at theturn of the 20th century, it is barely old enough for retirement at the turn of the 21stcentury. And scientists are still not holding back. They say that as new anti-ageingtreatments become available, our species will get even older. While few would argue thatliving longer is an attractive idea, therapid increase in the number of years begs aquestion: Can our health expectancy be as close as possible to our life expectancy?Predictions for future health expectancy have changed over the past few decades. Inthe 1980s, life expectancy was increasing but the best data suggested that for everyincreased year of life expectancy, a greater fraction was disabled life expectancy. Whatwe would see was a piling up of chronic illness and related disability which medicalscience couldn't prevent.But that world view changed suddenly in the early 1990s with the publication of astudy by researchers at DukeUniversity, who had been following the health of 20,000people for almost a decade. They showed that disability among the elderly was not onlydropping, but it was doing so at an ever-increasing rate.Arian Richardson, director of the Barshop Institute for Ageing and Longevityresearch, predicts that understanding the mechanisms behind calorie restriction and othergenetic reasons behind ageing could be used within the next two decades to give peopleseveral extra healthy years of life. Restrict how much an animal eats, for example, and itwill live longer. In lab experiments, rats on calorie-restricted diets were found to bephysiologically younger, got diseases later in life and, at any rate, had less severe cases."From the models that have been looked at, the increase in lifespan is usually in the rangeof 15-30% maximum," says Richardson. Cutting calories is thought to trigger a switch inan animal's behaviour from normal to a state of stasis in which growth and ageing aretemporarily put on hold. When food becomes available again, the animal's behaviourswitches back.Richardson says that thinking about stopping ageing is a "little bit silly" at themoment but doesn't dismiss it altogether, arguing that none of the illnesses related toageing should be inevitable. Start with a high-quality body (and that means eating yourgreens, not smoking and doing lots of exercise in your younger days) and you can keep itgoing for longer with high quality maintenance. "It'll be like the difference between aRolls-Royce and a cheap car."69. It can be seen from the first paragraph that people have doubts on whether _____________.A. is possible to live a longer healthyandlifeB. humans can live as long as scientists predictC. living longer is still considered a good ideaD. new anti-ageing treatments are safe for humans70. In the 1980s, the data on people's health expectancy_______________.A. gave an optimistic predictionB. showed an unclear futureC. led to a pessimistic perceptionD. turned out to be a mixed blessing71. In the lab experiment on rats,_____________.A. food restriction is not the only factor proved to have workedB. responses to food restriction vary from animal to animalC. the animals' lifespan increases with the amount of food eatenD.different amounts of food cause a change in the animals' behavior72. Richardson believes that_________.A. it is impossible for humans to stop ageingB. it is worthless to talk about stopping ageingC. stopping ageing is a dream that may come trueD. illness is the biggest obstacle to stopping ageing73. Rolls-Royce is used to convey the idea that_______________.A. quality life is out of reach for most peopleB. quality life can slow down the process of agingC. how long one can live depends on the genes one carriesD. the more money one invests in health, the healthier one will be.74. The most suitable title for the passage is“___________”.A. Problems of An Ageing SocietyB. Health Care for the ElderlyC. Eating Healthier, Living LongerD.The Future of Old AgePassage FiveIn dealing with a student who is acting aggressively toward his classmates, you wantto send a strong message that aggressive behavior will not be tolerated in your classroom.In addition, you want to help him develop more appropriate ways of settling disputes withhis peers.If two elementary school students are engaged in a fight, use a strong loud voice tostop it. If that doesn't work, you might say something odd ("Look up! The ceiling isfalling!") to divert their attention. If they still don't stop and you can't separate them,send a student to the office to get help. If a crowd of children is gathering, insist that theymove away or sit down, perhaps clapping your hands to get their attention: After theincident is over, meet with the combatants together so they can give you their versions ofwhat happened and you can help them resolve any lingering problems. Also notify theparents.Speak in a firm, no-nonsense manner to stop a student's aggressive behavior: usephysical restraint as a last resort. When responding to the student, pay attention to yourverbal as well as non-verbal language. Even if he is yelling at you, stay calm. Allow himto express what he is upset about without interrupting him and then acknowledge hisfeelings. Avoid crossing your arms, pointing a finger or making threats: any of thoseactions could intensify his anger and stiffen his resistance.You might conclude that a student's aggressive behavior warrants separating himfrom the rest of the class, either to send him a strong message that what he did merits aserious consequence or to protect the other students. You can do that by giving him a timeout in class or by sending him to the office.Although he might expect you to react punitively, surprise him by reactingsupportively. Express your confidence that he can resolve problems without being hurtfulto his peers. Tell him that you think he must be upset about something to lose control ashe did and you want to understand what might be bothering him. If he does open up toyou, listen attentively without interrupting. Speaking m a calm voice, tell him that youunderstand why he was upset, but stress that he has to find a way to express his angerwith words rather than with his hands.You don't want to force an aggressive student to say he is sorry because that mightfuel his anger, however, you do want to strongly encourage him to make amends with thestudent he hit. If he is willing to do that, it will help soothe hurt feelings and avoid futureconflicts.75. What is the purpose of saying something odd when seeing students in a fight?A. To please the students.B. To surprise the students.C. To get the students' attention.D. To distract the students' attention.76. What is to be done about a student's aggressive behavior?A. Respond calmly but finny.B. Tell the student's parents immediately.C. Ask other students for help to stop the action.D. Have the student go to see the principal.77. What is NOT encouraged to do toward an aggressive student?A. Use physical restraint.B. Give the student a time out.C. Point at the student or make threats.D. Talk with the student privately.78. What does the word "'punitively" (in Paragraph 5) probably mean?A. Surprisingly.B. Depressingly.C. Involving persuasion.D. Involving punishment.79. What might be the last step to help all aggressive student?A. Encourage the student to be nice to the student he hit.B. Ask the student to promise he'll never do it again.C. Force the student to apologize for his behavior.D. Persuade the student to open up to you.80. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?A. Problems in Classrooms.B. Dealing with Student Aggression.C. Aggressive Behavior in Classrooms.D. Settling a Student Fight.PART V TRANSLATION (30 minutes, 20 points)Section A (15 minutes, 10 points)One of the unintended consequences of the flattening world is that it puts differentsocieties and cultures in much greater direct contact with one another. It connects peopleto people much faster than people and cultures can often prepare themselves. Somecultures thrive on the sudden opportunities for collaboration that this global intimacymakes possible. Others are frustrated, and even humiliated by this close contact, which,among other things, makes it easy for people to see where they stand in the world inrelation to everyone else. All of this helps to account for the emergence of one of themost devastating forces today - the suicide bombers and other terrorist organizationswhich have no regard for human lives and which it is in our best interest to wipe out.Section B (15 minutes, 10 points)该法案旨在对美国中小学进行教育改革并使所有儿童有机会得到高质量的教育。

太原理工大学基础研究生英语试卷及答案07-1

2007-6PART II VOCABULARY (10 minutes, 10 points )Section A (0.5 point each )21. Nothing can be more absurd than to say that human beings are doomed.A. compellingB. rationalC. ridiculousD. ambiguous22. The Chinese government continues to uphold the principle of peaceful co-existence.A. supportB. restrictC. raiseD. modify23. Patients are expected to comply with doctors' instructions for quick recovery.A. improve onB. abide byC. draw uponD. reflect on24. Scientists have achieved findings substantial enough to remove our fear of GM foods.A. abundantB. controversialC. conduciveD. convincing25. Those students who have made adequate preparations for the test will be better off.A. more wealthyB. less successfulC. dismissed earlierD. favorably positioned26. If you hold on to a winning attitude, you'll make a greater effort and also create positive momentum.A. influenceB. strengthC. outlookD. consequence27. Academic integrity is deemed essential to those devoted to scientific researches.A. believedB. discardedC. advocatedD. confirmed28. Customers in these markets of antiques are good at slashing prices.A. assessingB. cuttingC. elevatingD. altering29. The public attached great importance to the news that prices of housing would be brought under control.A. joinedB. ascribedC. fastenedD. diverted30. Thousands of people left their rural homes and flocked into the cities to live beside the new factories.A. dashedB. filedC. strolledD. swarmedSection B (0.5 point each)31._________this dull life, the full-time mom decided to find a part-time job.A. Tied up withB. Fed up withC. Wrapped up inD. Piled up with32. In the letter, my friend said that he would love to have me as a guest in his _____ home.A. humbleB. obscureC. inferiorD. lower33. Tom is sick of city life, so he buys some land in Alaska, as far from ________ as possible.A. humidityB. humanityC. harmonyD. honesty34. As an important _______ for our emotions and ideas, music can play a huge role in our life.A. vesselB. vestC. ventureD. vehicle35. The day is past when the country can afford to give high school diploma to all who ___six years of instruction.A. set aboutB. run forC. sit throughD. make for36. The wages of manual laborers stay painfully low, meaning digitalization could drive an evendeeper ______between the rich and poor.A. boundaryB. differenceC. wedgeD. variation37. A farmer must learn the kinds of crops best ____ the soils on his farm.A. accustomed toB. committed toC. applied toD. suited to38. The sun is so large that if it were ______, it would hold a million earths.A. elegantB. immenseC. hollowD. clumsy39. This patient's life could be saved only by a major operation. That would _____ her to a high risk.A. exposeB. leadC. contributeD. send40. It takes a year for the earth to make each ________, or revolution, around the sun.A. tourB. travelC. visitD. tripPART III CLOZE TEST (10 minutes, 10 points, 1 point each)HarvardUniversity's under-graduate education is being reformed so that it includes some time spent outside the US and more science courses, the US Cable News Network (CNN) has reported. For the first time in 30 years, Harvard is 41 its under-graduate curriculum. William Kirby, dean of the faculty of arts and sciences, said this 42 what many people had said that Harvard's curriculum did not provide enough choice and encourage premature specialization."Harvard needs to 43 its education for a world where global connections, cross disciplinary research, and science in general are ever more important," said Kirby.Particularly 44 is the idea that students need to spend time overseas, either in a traditional study-abroad program or over a summer, perhaps doing an internship or research.Students can either find the program themselves or 45 some exchange programs offered by the university." 46 studying Chinese history without leaving the university, students interested in the subject should be spending a semester at a university in China."It was also recommended that Harvard 47 its required "core curriculum". The core curriculum was an effort created in 1978 to broaden education by requiring students to choose from a list of courses in several areas of study. Classes often focused on a highly 48 topic and emphasized "ways of knowing".Under a new plan, the curriculum would be replaced with a set of 49 "Harvard College Courses", emphasizing knowledge over methodology and 50 wider territory. A life sciences course, for example, might combine molecular and evolutionary biology and psychology, rather than focusing on one of those, said Benedict Gross, HarvardCollege dean.41. A. inspecting B. reviewing C. searching D. underlying42. A. in accordance with B. in line with C. in charge of D. in response to43. A. update B. uphold C. upset D. upward44. A. trust-worthy B. note-worthy C. praise-worthy D. reward-worthy45. A. turn out B. turn in C. turn to D. turn over46. A. In spite of B. As if C. Let alone D. Rather than47. A. perish B. destroy C. abolish D. denounce48. A. appropriate B. imaginative C. special D. specific49. A. optical B. optional C. opposite D. optimistic50. A. sparing B. spiraling C. spanning D. sparklingPART IV READING COMPREHENSION (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each)Passage OneA report published recently brings bad news about air pollution. It suggests that it could be as damaging to our health as exposure to the radiation from the 1986 Ukraine nuclear power disaster. The report was published by the UK Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution. But what can city people do to reduce exposure to air pollution.'? Quite a lot, it turns out.Avoid walking in busy streets. Choose side streets and parks instead. Pollution levels can fall a considerable amount just by moving a few meters away from the main pollution source--exhaust fumes(烟气). Also don't walk behind smokers. Walk on the windward side of the street where exposure to pollutants can be 50 percent less than on the downwind side.Sitting on the driver's side of a bus can increase your exposure by 10 percent, compared with sitting on the side nearest the pavement. Sitting upstairs on a double-decker can reduce exposure. It is difficult to say whether traveling on an underground train is better or worse than taking the bus. Air pollution on underground trains tends to be, less toxic than that at street level, because underground pollution is mostly made up of tiny iron particles thrown up by wheels hitting the rails. But diesel and petrol fumes have a mixture of pollutants.When you are crossing a road, stand well back from the curb while you wait for the light to change. Every meter really does count when you are close to traffic. As the traffic begins to move, fumes can be reduced in just a few seconds. So holding your breath for just a moment can make a difference, even though it might sound silly.There are large sudden pollution increases during rush hours. Pollution levels fall during nighttime. The time of year also makes a big difference. Pollution levels tend to be at their lowest during spring and autumn when winds are freshest. Extreme cold or hot weather has a trapping effect and tends to cause a build-up of pollutants.51. What is the passage mainly about?A. How to fight air pollution in big cities.B. How to avoid air pollution in big cities.C. How to breathe fresh air in big cities.D. How serious air pollution is in big cities.52. According to the report, air pollution in big cities __________.A. can be more serious than Chernobyl nuclear disasterB. cannot be compared with the disaster in ChernobylC. can release as damaging radiation as the Chernobyl disasterD. can be more serious than we used to think53. When you walk in a busy street, you should walk on the side ___________.A. where the wind is comingB. where the wind is goingC. where the wind is weakerD. where the wind is stronger54. If you take a bus in a big city in China, you should sit _________.A. on the left side in the busB. on the right side in the busC. in the middle of the busD. at the back of the bus55. It is implied in the passage that ________.A. people should not take street level transportationB. tiny iron particles will not cause health problemsC. air pollution on an underground train is less poisonousD. traveling on an underground train is better than taking the bus56. While waiting to cross a busy street, you should ___________.A. wait a few seconds until the fumes reduceB. stay away from the traffic as far as possibleC. hold your breath until you get to the other side of the streetD. count down for the light to changePassage TwoGlobal warming poses a threat to the earth, but humans can probably ease the climate threats brought on by rising levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, global climate specialist Richard Alley told an audience at the University of Vermont. Alley said his research in Greenland suggested that subtle changes in atmospheric patterns leave parts of the globe susceptible to abrupt and dramatic climate shifts that can last decades or centuries.Almost all scientists agree that increasing levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere created as humans burn fossil fuel is warming the planet. How to respond to the warming is a matter of intense political, scientific and economic debate worldwide.Alley said he was upbeat about global warming because enough clever people existed in the world to find other reliable energy sources besides fossil fuels. He said people can get rich finding marketable alternatives to fossil fuel. "Wouldn't it be useful if the United States were to have a piece of the action. Wouldn't it be useful if some bright students from University of Vermont were to have a piece of the action," Alley said.Alley said that Europe and parts of eastern North America could in a matter of a few years revert to a cold, windy region, like the weather in Siberia. Such shifts have occurred frequently over the millennia, Alley's research shows. A gradual change in atmospheric temperature, such as global warming, could push the climate to a threshold where such a shift suddenly occurs, he said.Alley told his audience of about 200 people in a University of Vermont lecture hall Wednesday evening that he couldn't predict if, when or where sudden shifts toward cold, heat, drought or water could occur under global warming, but it is something everyone should consider."This is not the biggest problem in the world. The biggest problem in the world is getting along with each other. But it's part of that because we're not going to get along with each other if we're not getting along with the planet," Alley said.57. According to Ally the climate threats to the earth brought by global warming _________.A. can be easedB. can be endedC. will become worseD. will last for decades58. Ally's research shows that dramatic climate changes may be caused by ___________.A. abrupt changes in atmospheric patternsB. subtle changes in atmospheric patternsC. humans' burning of fossil fuelD. increasing levels of carbon dioxide59. The word "upbeat" (in Paragraph 3) probably means __________.A. pessimisticB. optimisticC. worriedD. insensible60. What does Ally suggest people do in order to reduce global warming?A. To find other energy sources besides fossil fuels.B. To start a political, scientific and economic debate.C. To take action to burn no fossil fuels.D. To call on people worldwide to protect our earth.61. Alley predicts that global warming could turn Europe and parts of eastern North America into ______.A. a region like SiberiaB. a warmer and warmer placeC. a tropical regionD. a place like North Pole62. Ally thinks the biggest problem in the world isA. lack of harmonyB. violenceC. global warmingD. climate shiftPassage ThreeWe're talking about money here, and the things you buy with it--and about what attitude we should take to spending.Across most of history and in most cultures, there has been a general agreement that we should work hard, save for the future and spend no more than we can afford. It's nice to have a comfortable life right now, but it is best to think of the future. Yet economists have long known that things don't work out that way. They point to an idea called the "paradox of thrift." Imagine you are the owner of a big business making consumer goods. You want your own staff to work hard and save their money. That way, you don't have to pay them as much. But you want everybody else to spend all the money they can. That way you make bigger profits.It's a problem on a global scale. Many people in the UK and the United States are worried about levels of personal debt. Yet if people suddenly stopped buying things and started paying back what they owe to credit card companies, all the economies of the Western world would collapse. The banks would be happy, but everybody else would be in trouble.Traditionally, economists have believed that spending money is about making rational choices. People buy things to make their life better in some way. But in recent years, they have noticed that people often do not actually behave in that way. We all know people who take pleasure in buying useless things. And there are many people around who won't buy things that they need.In a recent series of experiments, scientists at StanfordUniversity in the US confirmed something that many people have long suspected. People spend money because the act of buying gives them pleasure. And they refuse to spend when it causes them pain. The scientists discovered that different areas of the brain that anticipate pleasure and pain become more active when we are making a decision to buy things. People who spend a lot have their pleasure centers stimulated. People who like to save find buying things painful.If you think you really want that product because it's beautiful or useful, you are wrong, say the scientists. The desire to buy something is a product of the reaction between chemicals released by different parts of the brain when the eyes see a product.63. Across most of history and in most cultures, people are advised to _____________.A. enjoy their present life as much as possibleB. spend every penny they have earnedC. save every penny for the futureD. save some money for later use64. According to the context, "paradox" (in Paragraph 2) probably means “__________”.A. contradictionB. hypothesisC. declarationD. assertion65. It is implied that many people in the UK and the United StatesA. have to work hard to make ends meetB. spend more than they can affordC. have trouble in paying back their debtsD. don't pay back their debts on time66. According to the resent studies made by economists, people__________.A. take pleasure in buying useless thingsB. won't buy things that they need.C. spend their money irrationallyD. make rational choices while spending their money67. It has been proved by the scientists at StanfordUniversity that some people like to save money because_____.A. they like keeping their money in the bankB. they will feel safe if they save enough money for the futureC. they don't want to spend their money on useless thingsD. spending money gives them pain68. The passage mainly tells us_________.A. how to spend our moneyB. it is better to save some money for the futureC. it is the chemicals released from the brain that decide our spendingD. how to form a habit of rational spendingPassage FourTrees are good. Good enough to hug. Planting trees will make the world cooler than it would otherwise be. This is the subject of a newly published study by GovindasamyBala, of the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, in California, and his colleagues. DrBala has found, rather counter-intuitively, that removing all of the world's trees might actually cool the planet down.The reason for this is that trees affect the world's temperature by means other than the carbon they take in. For instance forests remain quite a dark shade even after a snowstorm. They are certainly darker than grasslands, and thus they can absorb more of the sun's heat than vegetation which might otherwise cover the same stretch of land. That warms things up.DrBala and his colleagues took such effects into account using a computer model called the Integrated Climate and Carbon Model. Unlike most climate-change models, which calculate how the Earth should absorb and radiate heat in response to a list of greenhouse-gas concentrations, this one has many subsections that represent how the carbon cycle works, and how it influences the climate.Overall, DrBala's model suggests that complete deforestation would cause an additional 1.3ْC temperature rise compared with business as usual, because of the higher carbon-dioxide levels that would result. However, the additional reflectivity of the planet would cause 1.6ْC of cooling. A treeless world would thus be 0.3ْC cooler than otherwise.No one, of course, would consider chopping down the world's forests to keep the planet cool. But having made their point, DrBala and his colleagues then went on to look at forest growth and loss at different latitudes. Planting trees in convenient places such as Europe and North America may actually be counterproductive. In Russia and Canada, cutting trees down led mostly to localcooling. The carbon dioxide this released into the atmosphere, though, warmed the world all over. Around the equator, by contrast, warming acted locally (as well as globally), so a tropical country would experience warming created by cutting down trees.The results follow increasing criticism from climate scientists of the benefits of forestry schemes to offset carbon emissions. Planting trees to neutralise carbon emissions has become a big business: £60m worth of trees have been bought this year, up from £20m in 2005. By 2010 the market is expected to reach £300m.69. According to the passage, trees make the world warmer because of their _________.A. deep colorB. round shapeC. enormous sizeD. high reflectivity70. DrBala's Integrated Climate and Carbon Model____________.A. supports the findings of other climate modelsB. is based on the results of other climate modelsC. uses a system different from other climate modelsD. challenges the basic theory of other climate models71. Based on DrBala's model, a treeless world would__________.A. cause serious environmental problemsB. prove helpful in fighting global warmingC. make it difficult to deal with climate changeD. raise carbon dioxide levels and global temperature72. According to DrBala, the best places to plant trees would be__________.A. North AmericaB. EuropeC. High-latitude countries.D. tropical countries73. As is shown in the passage, criticism from other climate scientists__________.A. should be taken rather seriouslyB. is unreasonable and far-fetchedC. involves mostly economic interestsD. is voiced on behalf of the government74. The best title for the passage is____________.A. Should Green Trees Be Left Alone?B. Why Green Trees Might Not Be Green?C. How to Help Green Trees Survive?D. How to Go Green with Green Trees? Passage FiveThe patient needed a spinal tap, and a senior attending physician asked a medical resident whether a preparatory blood test had been checked. The medical student was stunned to hear him answer in the affirmative, because she was quite certain it had not been checked.Well, almost certain.Doctors in training sometimes confront situations in which they worry that their supervising physicians are making mistakes or bending the truth. Yet even though such acts can jeopardize patients, the inclination and ability of young doctors to speak up is hampered by the hierarchies in teaching hospitals.On the top were the senior physicians who made rounds on the wards once or twice daily. Next were the overworked residents, who essentially lived in the hospital while training. Last were the medical students who were most assuredly at the bottom of the heap.The student whose resident seemingly lied to the attending physician about the blood test did not speak up. The resident was a good doctor, she said, and so she had given him the benefit of the doubt. And, she added, both the resident and the attending physician would be grading her.What should a medical student do in such a situation? One possibility is to take the matter up with a more senior doctor. Or the student might go directly to the patient or family, telling them that the physicians have a genuine disagreement and that they deserve to know about it.These options seem logical on paper. As the ethicist James Dwyer has written in The Hastings Center Report, "The practice of always keeping quiet is a failure of caring." But in the real world, it may be extremely difficult to go up the chain of command.Fortunately, medical educators are increasingly recognizing the dilemmas that doctors in training confront when they witness behavior that makes them uncomfortable. Students and residents are now expected to provide routine feedback -- positive and negative -- about their supervising physicians at the close of their rotation.Of course, physicians and students need to be educated about how to give feedback in professional and nonconfrontational ways. Medical educators are only now beginning to teach this skill. Still, it will be hard to change the unfortunate perception that constructive feedback, even fora patient's benefit, is whistle-blowing.75. As mentioned in the passage, the hospital hierarchy______________.A. is useful to the people on the lower layerB. is built on a performance-reward systemC. is a barrier to the exchange of medical viewsD. is an effective way of teaching medical students76. "the benefit of the doubt" in Paragraph 5 shows that_________________.A. the student was not quite certain that she was rightB. the resident did not respond to the student's doubtC. the student was denied the chance to doubt the superiorD. the resident benefited from the student's suggestion77. James Dwyer's words mean that___________.A. students should learn to speak both kindly and professionallyB. students should challenge the superior for the benefit of patientsC. students should retain their faith even after facing some difficultiesD. students should be educated on how to care more about the patients78. What is the attitude of medical educators toward teaching students to give feedback?A. Confused.B. Indifferent.C. Reluctant.D. Enthusiastic.79. The author tends to believe that the problem faced by medical studentsA. will remain for a long timeB. will disappear in the near futureC. should not be exaggeratedD. cannot be solved successfully80. The passage focuses on_____________.A. the development of teaching hospitals' hierarchiesB. the different roles in teaching hospitals' hierarchiesC. the future reforms on teaching hospitals' hierarchiesD. the problems caused by teaching hospitals' hierarchiesPART V TRANSLATION (30 minutes, 20 points)Section A (15 minutes, 10 points)In this book, we offer advice that we hope will seem reasonable and worth serious consideration. But as any experienced writer knows, there are occasions when even the best advicemay not apply. The demands of writing for different audiences, with different purposes, on different subjects, at different levels of formality are so varied that they cannot begin to be anticipated in a book like this, and we recognize that what is appropriate for one piece of writing may not be appropriate for another. In most cases, you will have to avoid ambiguity at all costs so as not to leave your words open to misinterpretation．Section B(15 minutes，10 points)中国可持续发展依赖的有限自然资源正在锐减。

硕士基础综合英语试卷C听力及答案

Paper OnePart I Listening Comprehension (20%)In Sections A，B and C you will hear everything only once．Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct response for each question on your answer sheet.SECTION A CONVERSATIONSIn this section, In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter. Now listen to the conversations.1. A) The 2:00 train will arrive earlier.B) The 2:00 train has a dining car.C) The woman prefers to take the 2:30 train.D) They are going to have some fast food on the train.2. A) She has been longing to attend Harvard University.B) She’ll consider the man’s suggestion carefully.C) She has finished her project with Dr. Garcia’s help.D) She’ll consult Dr. Garcia about entering graduate school.3. A) Alice didn’t seem to be nervous during her speech.B) Alice needs more training in making public speeches.C) The man can hardly u nderstand Alice’s presentation.D) The man didn’t think highly of Alice’s presentation.4. A) It’s worse than 30 years ago.B) It remains almost the same as before.C) There are more extremes in the weather.D) There has been a significant rise in temperature.5. A) At a publishing house. B) At a bookstore.C) In a reading room. D) In Prof. Jordan’s office.6. A) The man can stay in her brother’s apartment.B) Her brother can help the man find a cheaper hotel.C) Her brother can find an apartment for the man.D) The man should have booked a less expensive hotel.7. A) Priority should be given to listening.B) It’s most helpful to read English newspaper everyday.C) It’s most effective to combine listening with reading.D) Reading should come before listening.8. A) It can help solve complex problems. B) It will most likely prove ineffective.C) It is a new weapon against terrorists. D) It will help detect all kinds of liars. Long Conversation one:Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9. A) Over the telephone. B) In an architecture firm.C) In an art gallery. D) In a company.10. A) He will speak to Mr. Shaw on the line.B) He will leave a message to Mr. Shaw.C) He will pay a visit to Mr. Shaw in his office.D) He will consult Mr. Shaw about arts.11. A) He has attractive eyes. B) He works for an architecture firm.C) The color of his hair is blue. D) He is taller than some of his colleagues. Long Conversation two:Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A) In a restaurant. B) In a hotel roomC) In a shopping mall. D) At a hotel laundry.13. A) Because he will go out for business at 10:30.B) Because he will leave the hotel in the morning the second day.C) Because he needs to wear the clothes for an important occasion.D) Because he wants to check out the hotel as early as possible.14. A) On his shirt. B) On his suit.C) On his pants. D) Near the button.15. A) It’s loose.B) It’s missing.C) It’s too ti ght. D) It was not sewn well last time. SECTION B PASSAGEDIRECTIONS:Listen to the following passage. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on answer sheet with a single line through the center.Passage oneQuestions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A) Synthetic fuel. B) Solar energy.C) Alcohol. D) Electricity.17. A) Air traffic conditions. B) Traffic jams on highway.C) Road condition. D) New traffic rules.18. A) Go through a health check. B) Carry little luggage.C) Arrive early for boarding. D) Undergo security checks.SECTION C NEWS ITEMSDIRECTIONS: In this section, you will hear several news broadcasts. Listen to the items carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Questions 19 and 20 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.19. What happened during the New Y ear celebration in Thailand?A) Terrorists fought with Government troops.B) Thai troops killed terrorists.C) There were shootings.D) There were explosions.20. What has led to the violent situation in the south of Thailand?A) The Muslims wanted independence.B) Thai troops have been sent there.C) About 2000 people have been killed.D) There have been more bombings since 2004.Questions 21 to 22 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.21. Where was the marble statue found?A) Out in the sea. B) Inside a bath house.C) On a cliff along the coast. D) On the coast outside Jerusalem.22. Which of the following best describes the condition of the statue?A) It was incomplete. B) It was recent artwork.C) It was fairly tall. D) It was in pieces.Question 23 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 5 seconds to answer the question.23.What is this news item mainly about?A) How to open Hotmail accounts.B) How to retrieve missing e-mails．C) New e-mail service by Microsoft.D) Problems and complaints about e-mails．Questions 24 and 25 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.24. According to the news, who first discovered the fraud?A) A client. B) A bank manager. C) The police. D) Bank headquarters.25.When did the bank employee hand himself in?A) A month before the fraud was discovered.B) A day before the fraud was discovered.C) A day after the police launched investigation.D) A month after he transferred the money.I. Listening Comprehension 25% 1-25 (20 points with 0.8 point for each )1-5： C D A C B 6-10：A C B B C11-15: C D B C A 16-20: D A B D A21-25: D A D B C听力文本Conversation OneW: Good morning, sir. Can I help you?M: Y es, please. I want to speak to one of the architects.W: Yes. Who do you want to see?M: I’m afraid I can’t remember his name.W: Was it Thomas, or Shaw, or Taylor or Lee?M: (ah) I’m not certain. (er ) He’s a young man.W: Well, they’re all young.M: (er) Well, he’s tall. (ah) About six feet in height, I’d sayW: Ah, well, its not Mr. Taylor. He’s quite short. But the others are tall.M: And he’s got brown hair, and he’s fair.W: Probably Mr. Shaw. What color are his eyes?M: Oh yes, his eyes. Blue. Bright blue. Quite remarkable, really.W: Ah, well. that’s Mr. Shaw. Tom Shaw. He has very blue eyes.M: Y es. They’re the first thing you notice about him, really.W: Oh, yes. Most people ask to see the one with blue eyes!M: Tom Shaw, you said.W: That’s right. I’ll give him a buzz. Who shall I say is calling?M: Mike Simpson from Mathers.W: Mr. Shaw’s in the room at the top of the stairs, Mr. Simpson. Y ou can’t miss it. M: Thank you very much.9.Where does this conversation most probably take place?10. What will the man do after the conversation?11. Which of the following is NOT true of Mr. Shaw?Conversation TwoM: I want to have these shirts washed and suit dry cleaned.W: V ery well, sir. Y our name and room number, please.M: Philip, Room 508.W: Yes, sir. I got it.M: By the way, there is a stain on my trousers. Can you remove it?W: Let me see. This one on the pants? Y es, I believe we can get this spot out all right. M: And one button on the vest is loose. Could you sew it on tightly?W: OK, sir. Here is your slip, sir.M: Good. And when can I get my laundry back?W: Are you in a hurry for it?M: Y es, since I expect to check out tomorrow morning, I want it ready by 10 at the latest.W: My goodness, you certainly are in a hurry. But don’t worry. We’ll do our best and have it ready before you leave.M: Thank goodness! I’ll be back at about 10:30 tomorrow morning, then.W: All right, sir.(Pause)M: Hello, is my laundry ready?W: Just a moment, please. I’ll check. Oh yes, it’s ready. Here you are, sir. But shall we send it ot your room, sir?M: Could you? That’s good. How much do I owe you?W: Two dollars and a quarter, sir.M: Here you are. I’ll be back in my room in half an hour, so send my laundry about 10:30, please.W: All right, sir.12. Where does this conversation most probably take place?13. Why does the man expect his clothes to be delivered to his room before 10 o’clock?14. Where is the stain the man specified?15. What does the man say about the button?Passage one (缺)News Item 1The New Y ear celebrations in Thailand were shattered by violence, when 9 bombs exploded across Bangkok around midnight. Three Thai citizens were killed and more than 30 injured. No terrorist group claimed responsibility for the bombings by Tuesday. Some believe the explosions were the work of Muslin separatists. Bombings and shootings occur almost daily in Thailand’s three southernmost provinces: Y ala, Narathiwat and Purtonia have a dominant Muslin population and have long complained of neglect and discrimination in the largely Buddhist nation. They have asked for independence and separate Islamic state. Since 2004, the insurgences have carried out numerous attacks in the south, and more than 1900 people have been killed. The Thai government has been unable to curb the violence, though thousands of troops have been sent to the south.News Item 2A huge storm that collapsed part of a cliff on Israel’s central coast led to the discovery of a statue dating back to the Roman period, the Israel Antiquities Authority said Tuesday.The white marble statue of a woman is estimated to be 2,000 years old. It stands 1.2 meters tall, weighs about 200 kilograms and was found with no head or arms, according to a news release by the Authority. A person walking on the shore at Ashkelon on the west coast of Jerusalem made the discovery, the Authority said. “The statue fell into the sea when the cliff collapsed as a result of the storm. The collapse also ruined a bath house and mosaics that had been in the cliff for many hundreds of years.” The storm, one of the strongest Israel has experienced in recent years, brought winds of more than 100 kph that sent 10-meter waves crashing into Israel’s coast.News Item 3Some Hotmail users are reporting that their e-mails are missing from their accounts. A number of people with Hotmail accounts have posted complaints on Microsoft forums, complaining that their e-mails have been deleted. Users around the world said e-mails were missing from their in-box and other folders within their Hotmail accounts. A spokeswoman from Microsoft said thatthe issue of missing e-mails was not a wide-spread problem. “By Sunday evening the issue was fully resolved,” she said. The company apologized for any inconvenience.News Item 4Police in India have arrested a CITI Bank employee accused of cheating clients out of millions of dollars. Shivraj Puri, 32, who is expected to appear in court later, told an Indian newspaper he was innocent. The alleged fraud was discovered earlier this month in a branch of the global bank in Gurgaon, a wealthy suburb of Delhi. The bank has said investors were promised quick high returns from a bogus financial scheme. It is alleged that Mr. Puri transferred the money into accounts controlled by three relatives. Mr. Puri reportedly handed himself in on Thursday, a day after police said he was wanted for questioning. The alleged fraud came to light earlier this month when a client mentioned the scheme to a senior bank manager.。

研究生基础英语课后答案Unit1

钟候波整理第 1 页共 4 页研究生基础英语课后答案Unit1-6 ※- - - - - - 单词词组互译- - - - - - - -※英译汉英译汉communication communication satellite satellite 通讯卫星通讯卫星 mobile mobile telephony telephony 移动通讯intelligent robot 智能机器人智能机器人 clone 克隆克隆telecommunications 远程通讯远程通讯 stock h older holder 股东股东taxing authority 税务机关税务机关 charitable organization 慈善机构善机构nonprofit firm 非盈利公司非盈利公司 sales forecast 销售预测销售预测economic forecast 经济预测经济预测 tourist resort 旅游胜地旅游胜地landscape scenery 山水风光山水风光 virgin forest 原始森林原始森林 hitchhiking 沿途免费搭乘他人便车旅行 outdoor outdoor adventures adventures 户外冒险活动险活动 a camper 野营者野营者 antibiotic 抗生素抗生素 gene 基因基因 El Nino 厄尔尼塔厄尔尼塔 marine 海产的,海运的；舰队,海运业海运业 vitamin 维生素维生素 humility 谦逊谦逊endeavor n n & v & v 努力，尝试尝试 sincerity 真诚真诚挚真挚 patriotism 爱国主义爱国主义faith 信仰，信念信仰，信念 divine 神圣的，非凡的，崇高的崇高的reconcile 调和，和解调和，和解 self-observation 自我审视自我审视ethics ethics class class 道德教育课道德教育课 computer-aided computer-aided cheating cheating 利用计算机作弊利用计算机作弊failing grade 不及格不及格 plagiarism 剽窃剽窃mandatory penalty 强制惩罚强制惩罚 junk email harassment 垃圾邮件骚扰圾邮件骚扰汉译英汉译英文学literature 科幻小说science fiction 空间旅行space traveling 外星人外星人 alien 人类社会 human society 高技术高技术 high-technology 信息时代information information age age 信息产业information industry 管理管理 management 协调协调 coordinate 运作operate 人力资源人力资源 human resources 经费经费 funds 决策make decisions 政府部门governmental agencies 金融机构financial institution 远足hike 兜风go for a ride 观光sight-seeing 探险explore, exp loration ploration 交游go outing 滑雪滑雪 skiing 冲浪surfing 睡袋sleeping bag 导游图导游图 tourist map 夏令营summer camp 羊羔lamb 山羊goat 猪崽piglet 奶牛cow 牛犊calf 家禽fowl 哺乳动物mammal 畜家畜 domestic domestic animals animals 善意goodwill, goodwill, good good intentions 高尚noble 成就achievement, achievement, success,success, accomplishment 抱负ambition, aspiration 原则principle 奉献dedicate 平等equality 忠诚sincerity, loyalty, faithfulness 抄袭抄袭 copy / plagriarise 作弊作弊 cheating 道德准则道德准则 ethics 校行政人员校行政人员 school officials 开除开除 explusion 学年学年 school year 读书报告读书报告 book report 校园社区服务校园社区服务 on-compus community s evice sevice ※- - - - - -单词、时态填空- - - - - - - -※ Unit1 predict reveal dominate in in search of search of play a major role i n in call for in reality speculation a a wide wide range range of of respect 1、They got there in the late afternoon and went around in search of a place to stay.2、The astronomers were questioned on a wide range of subjects from physics to psychology. 3、As people spend more time watching TV and reading the newspapers, the media plays a major role in influencing their opinions. 4、T here was a strange silence about what was happening, but the details of the murder were finally revealed by the local paper. 5、After another round of negotiations, they finally signed a declaration calling for an immediate ceasefire. 6、Xiao Xiao Ling Ling Ling always always always seems seems seems so so so self-confident, self-confident, self-confident, but but in in reality reality she she is is extremely shy. 7、I have to admit that she is very nice as a hostess, but she dose tend to dominate the conversation. 8、Out of respect for the whishes of her family, the accident was not reported in the local media. 9、T he company's expansion was predicted on the assumption that sales would rise. 10、Any Any suggestion suggestion suggestion of of of an an an imminent imminent imminent crash crash crash in in in stock stock stock market market market is is is pure pure speculation. Unit2 require acquire operate comprehend motivate maintain adapt adapt to to be be certain certain access to coordinate component convert 1、As As an an an excellent excellent manager, he he is is is very very good good at at motivating his employees. 2、Their principal activities are to serve the French corporations operating abroad. 3、The two rival companies maintained close relations for ten years. 4、A large complex organization can be slow to adapt to changes. 5、The ability to use a language can be acquired only by the act of using the language.6、A password is needed to get access to the computer s ystem. system. 7、Good Good records records records are are required for for the the the preparation preparation preparation of of of complete complete complete and and accurate tax documents. 8、T hey read the story, but only a few fully comprehended its meaning. 9、They converted the medieval castle into a beautiful theater. 10、The doctor was certain after examining his wounds that he could not possibly live. Unit3 accessible to push off at a rice a craving for negotiate accommodate unique consistently 1、Housing could b e obtained be obtained at a price . 2、Medicine should not be kept where it is accessible to children. 3、Patrick is not sure whether he can negotiate the t urn at the bottom. turn at the bottom. 4、The The hungry hungry hungry beggar had beggar had a a craving craving craving for for food, food, any any any food left food left by by the the geests. 5、Let's push o ff off early so that we'll get there before nightfall. 6、John and A rmstrong maintain Armstrong maintain consistently a high standard. 7、Those foreign students are accommodated in Canadian homes near the campus for a three-week orientation program. 8、Each person's signature is unique and that will help us to find out if this document is a forgery. Unit4 clone donation donor transplant cattle recipient mammal initiate reverse at intervals light u p up 1、The cost of feeding fully grown cattle for a period of time can be significant 2、Nonsexual Nonsexual reproduction reproduction reproduction from from from a single a single parent is already already possible possible possible and and every clone produced in this way is absolutely identical to the parent. 3、Former Former students students students collected collected collected money money money for scholarship for scholarship fund. fund. We We We are are are very very grateful to the donors for their generous donations. 4、Baby animals o f of mammals such as mice, cows and monkeys get milk from their mothers breasts. 5、We transplanted the small peach tree from the back of the house to the front because it did not get enough sunlight there. 6、Shall we recipients the order and put Z Z at at at the beginning of the beginning of t his this dictionary? 7、The searchlight reverse the whole area.8、The government lit up a large-scale campaign to eliminate illiteracy. 9、The initiated of Nobel Prize are honored at special ceremonies in Sweden and Norway. 10、Rain fell at irregular intervals throughout the n ight. night. Unit5 Jane was confined to bed due to illness for three months Many women l ost lost their jobs during the economic depression The corrupting effects of complete power ruined many politicians Her first reaction to the news was a mixture of grief and comfort The journalist wrote an article in which police corruption was exposed to the full Shop assistants are asked to make every endeavor to provide the customer satisfaction he argued that the British legal system was derived from Roman law and has evolved into a complicated system The disease is spreading quickly in the city and people ,especially children and t he aged ,are at risk the aged ,are at risk The book gives readers a deeper insight i nto European culture into European culture The witness gave the police a full account of what had happened in the courtyard Unit6 dedicate …to tend t o to subject …to involve compared with doctoral attribution wise up 1. He has been depressed and h is his novel tends to be pessimistic. 2. The researchers subjected the material to all kinds of tests before they put it into use. 3. T oday oday most most most parents parents parents think think think they they they should involve should involve themselves themselves in in in their their children children’’s education, 4. He has run into some difficulties , but he knew that they were nothing compared with y ours.yours. 5. It was at Stanford University that Albert Marvell decided to dedicate his life to science. 6. From this initial dissatisfaction my own doctoral thesis developed. 7. It is regarded as a social norm that one should always remember to cite others others’’words with proper attribution. 8. Wise up V i ctoria,ictoria,ictoria, Jane is cheating you. She has never returned money Jane is cheating you. She has never returned money to anyone she borrowed from. ※- - - - - -近义选词填空（两个词中选适合意思）- - - - - -※ Unit1 钟候波整理第 2 页共 4 页1. The students attended a class entitled “Beyond Tradition ”,in which they discussed the effect of technology on t raditional traditional culture 2. China has a vast territory and abundant resources .she is a large country with a long history and a rich cultural heritage 3. At At the the the conference conference , , the the minister a accused accused the the organization organization of of sponsoring terrorism . 4. The research program is sponsored by a large computer company 5. The drop in student numbers added further complication to the situation 6. Now he was getting a lesson in the complexity of diesel engines 7. Being a member of Animal Adoration Society, she seems to think that animal rights should prevail over everything else 8. It was obvious that her husband completely dominated her. 9. As one of the leading candidates for the presidency, he still needs the help of his supporters to win the election 10. In most most cases, cases, investors are entitled to to a a reasonable reasonable reasonable return on their return on their money Unit2 John did not follow the correct p rocedure procedure in applying for the job The firm is now on the p rocess process of moving the machines to a new factory The scientists from the two medical schools are cooperating in the attempt to find a cure for the disease They appointed a new manager to coordinate the work of the team He set an objective for the new organization to provide free legal aid to the poor The main objection to program was that it would cost too much They used a new drug in the treatment that is effective against the cancer A successful manager n eeds an needs an e fficient efficient secretary The installation of the new machinery has doubled the productivity of the factory factory The new training program made the workers highly productive Unit3 Since 1978, the amount of money available to buy books has fallen by 17% The building h as been made has been made accessible to disabled people She is c onstantly constantly changing her mind He has c onsistently consistently stood firm on the side of the oppressed people They convert an old stable into a little comfortable h ouse house Because the normal w ord order word order is reversed in passive in passive voice sentences, they are sometimes hard to follow If you enjoy outdoor activities, this is the trip for you I reckon it it’’s warm enough to eat outdoors this evening The Tibetan h ighland is a land of blue highland is a land of blue skies and warm sunshine She looked out over the rooftops and the open sky Unit4（选择题）（选择题）Nobody can help but be fascinated by the world into which he is taken by science fiction He claimed to be an expert in astronomy , but in fact he is quite ignorant on the subject , w hat little what little he knows about i t it i s is out of date and inaccurate The The managjng director managjng director refused to accept neither of the the four four four proposals proposals made by the contractors Professor Smith implied ,but did not directly say , that Americans are more concerned with making money than anything else There is e very every possibility o f our of our winning the game There There people people people spoke spoke at at the the meeting ,one ,one was was a a lawyer lawyer ,another a teacher ,and t he the third was a social worker I have been to the doctor ’s about my backache , he says there is nothing serious ,but I must ile up for a few days The New York T imes will soon carry colour advertisements; none of this will matter if newspapers eventually disappear We stood up , thinking through the possibilities ,There weren weren’’t many Melton Melton Brown Brown Brown was was was the the the only only only salon salon salon producing producing producing its its its own own own shampoos shampoos shampoos and and hair-care products all based on h erbal recipes herbal recipes Unit5 An An aircraft aircraft aircraft carrier carrier carrier and and and nineteen warships nineteen warships left left the the the naval naval naval base base base today today today for for exercises at sea He He returned to returned to South South Carolina Carolina Carolina in in in 1966 1966 1966 and and and established established established his his his own own own legal legal practice The The kidnappers kidnappers threatened to to kill the hostages unless they kill the hostages unless they received received a a ransom of $500,000 In his inaugural a ddress Lincoln repeated that address Lincoln repeated that his government posed no threat to slavery in the states If they had negotiated a peace earlier they could have avoided this terrible , bloody war He flew nine special missions in that area in 2003 and has experience with biological w arfare The object of the war to restore the Union ; but the cause of the war was slavery It took her three months to recover her spirits after that unex pected blow The newspaper aims to reflect the views of the middle class Their main purpose was to deflect attention from the opponents ’ criticism Unit6 1. 1. They knew They knew that that it is it is a a criminal criminal offense to sell pirated v ideos on videos on the street. 2. 2. She is very sensitive She is very sensitive and will be o ffended offended if you don ’t t accept accept accept her her invitation. 3. 3. The The The most most most common common complaint from from car car car drivers is drivers is about about the lack the lack of parking facilities. 4. Customers c omplained complained to the company about the poor bus service. 5. The y ’y’ve come to the conclusion that he is not the right person for the job. 6. He c oncluded concluded from what he was told that the situation in the city was bad and getting worse. 7. He worked hard and was soon promoted t o marketing to marketing m anager manager . 8. The committee has decided to remove the corrupt a dministrator administrator . 9. The worked out a program to speed up the development of new energy sources . 10.T he made use of the available financial resource to establish a small science laboratory. 11.V 11.Violence and crime are iolence and crime are pervasive features o f city life. of city life. 12.A resolution A resolution to to maintain maintain maintain the truce was carried by the truce was carried by an overwhelming majority. ※- - - - - -介词填空- - - - - -※ Uint2 He said that they should examine all the costs involved in the p roject first project first Dealing with this diversity of human resources in the 2010’s and beyond will be a significant challenge to managers Smith Smith’’s s T T uesday uesday morning morning morning experiences experiences experiences are are are typical typical typical of of of managerial managerial managerial work,work, which is varied, fragmented, and difficult to plan and organize. Effective Effective managers managers managers may be one of may be one of a a developed developed developed country country country’’s s most most most valuable valuable resources, and they are one of the most needed resources in less developed countries countries The specific tasks of a manager in a college or university department differ from those of people managing in other organizations Bad Bad management management results results in in in poor poor poor employee employee employee morale, morale, morale, poor poor poor quality, quality, quality, low low productivity, and u nnecessary employee-employer conflicts unnecessary employee-employer conflicts Errors in judgement for job hunting can prevent even the finest candidate from landing the job she or he wants The business plan is a written document that clearly defines the goals of a business and outlines the methods for achieving them Rapid Rapid technological developments in technological developments in t ransportation transportation transportation and and and communications communications have brought the peoples o f the world closer together of the world closer together in a physical sense A A recent survey revealed that 54 recent survey revealed that 54 percent considered a a foreign foreign foreign language language necessary for d oing doing business abroad Unit3 He said that they should examine all the costs involved in the project first That That is is the the usual usual usual way way the the telecommunications telecommunications company company deals deals with complaints Despite a thorough investigation, no trace of the escaped prisoner has been found About 1000 local workers were employed in the tourism industry last year At the heart of Dr. Piaget ’s theories was an orderly schedule of stages, of children children’’s perceptions by age UNIT5 She never lost lost faith in faith in Steven Steven who who who was now under heavy was now under heavy criticism criticism on on account of his failure At t he moment the moment N atasha is on Natasha is on the point of losing her self-control After After a a a cabinet cabinet cabinet meeting meeting meeting in in in the the the morning morning morning and and and a a a drive drive drive with with with Mary Mary Mary in in in the the afternoon , Lincoln was in excellent spirits His wife did not want him to run for the Presidency because she feared for his safety The white mist was so thick that at five paces from the house one saw nothing but a shadowy mass Nature is a friend whom we keep until death, and into whom we shall enter when we die Serving in two partnerships, he quickly built up a good practice based on his reputation He finally moved out of the fifteenth address the family had lived in sin ce his birth into room in Furnival ’s Inn For a long time, he has b een suffering from the discord been suffering from the discord between his life and his beliefs Objections Objections to to slavery slavery in in the mid-Western states states did did have have a a moral ingredient ingredient ,but ,but ,but the the the driving driving driving energy energy energy was was was territorial territorial territorial and and and did did did not not not imply imply sympathy for b lacks blacks ※- - - - - -动词时态填词- - - - - -※ Unit2 I I was waiting was waiting all all the the the morning. morning. morning. Y Y ou should have have told told told me me me you you you weren weren weren’’t coming There must have been a bad accident here. Look at all the broken glass around. I should like to have been told the result earlier You needn ’t have carried all those parcels by yourself .The shop would have delivered them if you had required it No one dared to question the o rder of the commander at that time order of the commander at that time I can ’t find my mobile phone. I may have left it in the restaurant y esterday yesterday Since you ’ve finished w ith with these magazines, y ou may as you may as well sell them and make some money. ----Look! ----Look! T T hose people who who are are are coming coming coming into the into the hall hall are are are carrying carrying carrying wet wet umbrellas ----It must be raining /must have been raining outside Unit6 1. I wouldn ’t have gotten lost if I had asked for directions. (ask) 2. If I hadn ’t to study I would have gone to the concert. (go) 3. If I had had enough money I would have paid cash for the house.(pay) 4. If she had written it down on the calendar, she wouldn wouldn’’t have forgotten it.(forget). 5. She wouldn ’t had bought that car even if she had had enough money. (have) 6. They would have gone on the trip if it hadn hadn’’t rained. (rain). 7. Had Had they they they known known known you you you didn didn didn’’t t have training, have training, they would have hired you.(hire) 8. It is rewarding and perfectly harmless, otherwise I wouldn ’t have d one done it . (do) 9. She She suggested suggested suggested that that that we we we should should should set set set as as as deadline deadline deadline for for for handing handing handing in in in the the proposals. (set) 10. I am lucky that I am interested in the subject I have chosen, otherwise I 钟候波整理第 3 页共 4 页would be depressed. (depress) ※- - - - - -句子改错题- - - - - -※ Unit1 Eventually he realizes （what ）that they are asking themselves a question which has never occurred to himModern drugs have a new role (to be played)to play in controlling diseases of the mind she has a cheerful disposition and has kept in contact (for) with most of her friends from college After After another another another round round round of of of negotiations negotiations negotiations ,they ,they ,they (called (called (called on on on )called )called )called for for for the the immediate release o f the of the hostages There were some delays on the road because of heavy traffic and it (spend) took him there hours to get to the airport. Unit2 Believe it or not ,his success was due (in) to luck The changes have been apparent (at) over the past five years. In addition (for) to English, the students learn art ,music and history Tim likes o utdoor activities. He outdoor activities. He will to out (another) rather than stay home. She hasn ’t made up her mind as (for) to where she will spend her holiday Unit3 The police (says) say that they have arrested twenty people following the disturbance Business Business managers managers managers focused focused focused on on on increasing increasing increasing their their their personal wealth personal wealth by by any any available (mean)means The taste of vitamins is not so nice ,so the flavour sometimes(need ) needs to be disguised In Wai W en Bookshop (is) are to be found books in Wen Bookshop (is) are to be found books in various languages An ex p ert pert together with some assistants (were) was sent to help resolve the problem They They’’ve got two hundred books ,one hundred and twenty are in Chinese and the rest (is) are in English English Lake Superior is such a large freshwater lake that the waves (that breaks) that break on its shores are like the waves of the sea (Here are are things) things) The things things you you can do in the the European European “good outdoors ”include camping, snow –mobiling, skiing, hunting and horseback riding Unit 5 In a war in which every state was providing its sons for the army , every election (deflected ) reflected reactions to the ebb and flow of successes in the field he did not blame her at all; (by ) on the contrary; he remembered with love and gratitude the forty long years of their life together V oters were inclined towards one party or the other according to how they saw their interests being (effected ) affected at any particular moment Nationally, he h as raised the discussion has raised the discussion of (which ) what was at stake to a high high moral moral moral level level level and and and shown shown shown himself himself himself to to to be be be a a a worthy worthy worthy opponent opponent opponent of of of the the country country’’s most formidable orator The only company he had was his fellow-workers and illiterate boys with whom he had nothing (for ) in common ,though they were kind to him in their rough way He was thus by the age of twenty-three (full ) fully independent ,conscious that he could depend on no one but himself ,but with a good appreciation of his own abilities He He relaxed relaxed relaxed as as as energetically energetically energetically as he as he did did everything everything everything else else else ,squeezing ,squeezing ,squeezing every every ounce of interest and pleasure (on ) out of the Italian adventure Not content to rest on his laurels ,Orlando has accepted what may be his most (ambition ) ambitious role to date in the movie T he Trojan War Professor Professor Smith Smith Smith supervised supervised supervised her her her senior senior senior thesis thesis thesis in in in nuclear nuclear nuclear physics physics physics and and provided her (for (for ) ) ) with with with a wonderful a wonderful research research ex ex perience perience and with his and with his friendship It was made clear to the first generation of Canadian-born children (who) that the path to opportunity was through education ※- - - - - -英译汉- - - - - -※ 1、Science fiction is a literature genre developed in the 20th century in which the fiction writer addresses how scientific discoveries, technological developments, and future events and societal changes affect human beings.The The description description description of of of these these these influences influences influences may may may be be be a a a careful careful careful and and and informed informed extrapolation extrapolation of of of scientific scientific scientific facts facts facts and and and principles, principles, or or it it it may may may range range range into into farfetched areas flatly contradictory of such facts and principles. 科幻小说是20世纪发展起来的一种文学体裁，世纪发展起来的一种文学体裁，科幻小说作家在其作品科幻小说作家在其作品中描述科学发现、技术进步以及未来的事情和社会变化如何影响人类。

太原理工大学研究生英语口语

3.About objectDescribe the most important gift you have received.Why is it the most important gift ? Include details to support your explanation.4.About successDo you agree or disagree with the following statement ? Only people who have power and earna lot of money are successful. Use specific reasons and examples in your answer.Many people strongly believe that large income equals success. According to me success is more than earning a lot of money. In my point of view only people who earn a lot of love and affection, respect, fame are the successful people. So I disagree with the statement that only people who earn a lot of money are successful.First of all gaining love and affection is important to me. If we have lot of money but if we don’t have a person who cares and loves you means what you will do with that money. You can’t buy love and affections with money. Some people think that if we earn lot of money means we can do anything. Some time they will neglect their family members in busy of earning money. Some time they don’t have time to enjoy their personal life, and then what is the use of that money. Life is short we have a lot of relations you should respect them.Next getting respect is significant. For example my neighbors are very rich, they are not attendany functions in colony. They can think that everything get by money. They won’t get respect from the colony. When you will respect others then others will respect you.Teachers are earns low salaries but their name, fame and respect, we can’t describe in words. Job satisfaction is important than earning lot of money.Most people assume that famous people are rich people. I don’t think that is true because I saw many people who are famous but not rich. For example Mother TheresaEverybody know her well, she is a famous social worker. When she was come to India she has few rupees in her pocket, because her helping nature she got a name and fame. Mother Theresa was great humanitarian.许多人坚信，大的收入等于成功。

太原理工大学研究生基础英语试卷12年

２０１２－６　研究生学位英语考试试题Part One：ListeningPart Two：Vocabulary1．Please do not be ____ by his bad manners since he is merely trying to attract attention.A disregardedB distortedC irritatedD intervened2. Craig assured his boss that he would ____ all his energies in doing this new job.A call forthB call atC call onD call off3. Too much ____ to X-rays can cause skin burns, cancer or other damage to the body.A disclosureB exhibitionC contactD exposure4. When confronted with such questions, my mind goes ____, and I can hardly remember my own date of birth.A dimB blankC faintD vain5. It is well known that knowledge is the ____ condition for expansion of mind.A incompatibleB incredibleC indefiniteD indispensable6. Language, culture, and personality may be considered ____ of each other in thought, but they are inseparable in fact.A indistinctlyB separatelyC irrelevantlyD independently7. Watching me pulling the calf awkwardly to the barn, the Irish milkmaid fought hard to ____ her laughter.A hold backB hold onC hold outD hold up8. The manager gave one of the salesgirls an accusing look for her ____ attitude toward customers.A impartialB mildC hostileD opposing9. I ____ with thanks the help of my colleagues in the preparation of this new column.A expressB confessC verifyD acknowledge10. It is strictly ____ that access to confidential documents is denied to all but a few.A securedB forbiddenC regulatedD determined11. The pollution question as well as several other issues is going to be discussed when the Congress is in ____ again next spring.A assemblyB sessionC conferenceD convention12. Christmas is a Christian holy day usually celebrated on December 25th ____ the birth of Jesus Christ.A in accordance withB in terms ofC in favor ofD in honor of13. Since it is too late to change my mind now, I am ____ to carrying out the plan.A obligedB committedC engagedD resolved14. It was a bold idea to build a power station in the deep valley, but it ____ as well as we had hoped.A came offB went offC brought outD make out15. To survive in the intense trade competition between countries, we must ____ the qualities and varieties of products we make to the world-market demand.A improveB enhanceC guaranteeD gear16. He left early on the ____ that he had a bad toothache and had to see the dentist.A prescriptionB pretextC knowledgeD precondition17. The new edition of the encyclopedia ____ many improvements, which is the result of the persistent effort of all the compilers.A embeddedB embodiedC enchantedD enclosed18. The boys and girls ____ together round the camp fire telling stories and singing songs.A reversedB clappedC clusteredD contracted19. The new underground railway will ____ the journey to all parts of the city.A consumeB eliminateC formulateD facilitate20. The speaker a ttracted t he audience a t the very beginning of the lecture by giving a ____ description of his personal experience.A globalB graciousC graphicD prescriptivePart Three：ReadingPassage oneThe potential of closed-circuit television and other new electronic teaching tools is so great that it is fascinating to visualize ¡°the school of tomorrow¡±.Televised l essons w ill originate from a central building having perhaps f our or five master studios. The lessons will be carried into classrooms all over a city, or even an entire country.After a televised lesson has been given, the classroom teacher will take over for theall-important ¡°follow-up¡± period. The students will ask troublesome questions, and difficult pointswill be cleared up through discussion.The teacher in the classroom will have additional electronic tools. On the teacher¡¯s desk, the¡ªcontrol panel and magnetic tape traditional bright red apple will have been replaced by a multipleplayers. The tape machines will run prerecorded lessons which pupils will follow by headphones.The lessons will be specifically geared to the students¡¯ levels of ability. For instance, which the class as a whole studies h istory, each student w ill receive a n individual history lesson, d irected t o his particular level of ability.Should questions a rise, the students w ill be able to talk directly to the teacher o n individualf the class. In this way, the teacher will be able to conduct¡°intercoms¡± without disturbing the rest oas many as three classes at the same time.1.This article is mainly about_______.A. televisionB. electronicsC. the schools of the futureD. communication2. Closed-circuit television will probably carry lessons to_____.A.　a single classroomB. one schoolC. all the classrooms in the worldD. all the classrooms in a city or country3. In the schools of tomorrow, the teacher¡¯s desk will____.A. contain electronic equipmentB. actually be a television setC. no longer existD. look like an isolation booth4. In the schools of tomorrow, students will4. In the schools of tomorrow, students will_____.A. all study different subjects at the same timeB. study at different levels within a subject at the same timeC. not studyD. not have to read books5. Electronic tools will enable the teacher to5. Electronic tools will enable the teacher to_____.A. teach more than one class at the same timeB. retireC. teach only a small number of pupilsD. rely on TV stations onlyPassage Two：Industrial Psychology is the application of various psychological techniques to the selection and training of industrial workers and to the promotion of efficient working conditions and techniques, as well as individual job satisfaction.The selection o f workers for particular jobs is essentially a problem of discovering t he special aptitudes and personality characteristics needed for the job and of devising tests to determine whether candidates have such a ptitudes a nd characteristics. The development of tests of this kind has longbeen a field of psychological research.Once the worker is on the job and has been trained, the fundamental a im of the industrial psychologist is to find ways in which a particular job can best be accomplished with a minimum of effort and a maximum of individual satisfaction. The psychologist's function, therefore, differs from that of the so-called efficiency expert, who places primary emphasis o n increased p roduction. Psychological techniques used to lessen the effort involved in a given job include a detailed study of the motions r equired to do the job, the equipment used, and the conditions u nder which the job is performed. A fter making such a study, the industrial psychologist o ften determines that the job in question may be accomplished with less effort by changing the routine motions of the work itself, changing or moving the tools, improving the working conditions, or a combination of several of these methods.Industrial psychologists have also studied the effects of fatigue on workers to determine t helength of working time that yields the greatest productivity. In some cases such studies have proven that total production on particular jobs could be increased by reducing the number of working hoursalso suggest less direct requirements f or general improvement of job performance, s uch as establishing a better line of communication between employees and management.6. From the first sentence of passage, we learn that the primary objective of industrial psychology is to study ______.A. working efficiency that leads to the highest outputB. the working skills and the working environmentC. the techniques leading to the highest productivityD. the utilization of workers to get the greatest profit7. A test in industrial psychology is used to find out ______.A. a worker¡¯s achievementsB.　a worker's potential for a certain jobC.　a worker's psychological problemD.　a worker's motivation for a certain job8. The industrial psychologist¡¯s function differs from that of the efficiency experts in that theformer______.A. places great emphasis on maximum productionB. never cares about the increase of productionC. is mainly concerned with workers' satisfactionD. worries a lot about those workers in poor working conditions9. In an industrial psychologist's mind, all of the following is important EXCEPT______.A. the steps in which work is doneB. the state of mind of a worker when workingC. the effect of working environment on a workerD. the value of the product a worker is making10. It is certain that ______.A. Two breaks in a day lead to higher productivity than oneB. working less hours can yield the highest efficiencyC. communication is increasing between the employers and employeesD. changing tools will help increase the productionPassage Three：The Welsh language has always been the ultimate marker of Welsh identity, but a generation ago it looked as if Welsh would go the way of Manx. once widely spoken on the isle of Man butnow extinct. Government financing and central planning, however, have helped reverse the decline of Welsh. Road signs and official public documents are written in both Welsh and English, and schoolchildren are required t o learn both languages. Welsh is now one of the most successful of Europe¡¯s regional languages, spoken b y more than a half-million of the country¡¯s three million people.The revival of the language, particularly among young people, is part of a resurgence of national identity sweeping through this small, proud nation. Last month Wales marked the second anniversary of the opening of the National Assembly, the first parliament to be convened here since 1404. The idea behind devolution was to restore the balance within the union of nations making up the United Kingdom. With most of the people and wealth, England has always had bragging rights. The partial transfer of legislative powers from Westminster, i mplemented b y Tony Blair, was designed to give the other members of the club- Scotland, Northern Ireland, and Wales-a bigger say and to counter centrifugal forces that seemed to threaten the very idea of the union.The Welsh showed little enthusiasm for devolution. Whereas the Scots voted overwhelmingly for a parliament, the vote for a Welsh assembly scraped through by less than one percent on a turnout of less than 25 percent. Its powers were proportionately limited. The Assembly can decide how money from Westminster or the European Union is spent. I t cannot, u nlike its counterpart in E dinburgh,enact l aws. But now that it is here, t he Welsh are growing to like their Assembly. M any peoplewould like it to have more powers. Its importance as figurehead will grow with the opening in 2003, of a new debating c hamber, o ne of many new buildings that are transforming Cardiff from a decaying s eaport i nto a Baltimore-style w aterfront city. Meanwhile a grant of nearly two milliondollars from the European Union will tackle poverty. Wales is one of the poorest regions in Western Europe- only Spain, Portugal, and Greece have a lower standard of living.Newspapers and magazines are filled with stories about great Welsh men and women, boostingself-esteem. To familiar faces s uch as Dylan Thomas a nd Richard Burton have been a dded n ewicons such as Catherine Zeta-Jones, the movie star, and Bryn Terfel, the opera singer. Indigenous foods like salt marsh l amb are in vogue. And Wales now boasts a national airline. AwyrCymru. Cymru, which means ¡°land o f compatriots,¡± is the Welsh name f or Wales. The red dragon, t he- on T-shirts, rugby jerseys and even nation¡¯s symbol since the time of King Arthur, is everywherecell phone covers.¡°Until very recent times most Welsh people had this feeling of being second-class c itizens,¡± said Dyfan Jones, an 18-year-old student. It was a warm summer night, and I was sitting on the grass with a group of young people in L lanelli, an industrial town in the south, outside the rock musicvenue of the National Eisteddfod, Wales¡¯s annual cultural festival. The disused factory in front of us echoed to the sounds of new Welsh bands.¡°There w as almost a genetic tendency for lack of confidence,¡± Dyfan continued. Equally comfortable in h is Welshness as in his membership in the English-speaking, global youth cultureand the new federal Europe, Dyfan, like the rest of his generation, is growing up with a sense ofwe¡¯re only Welsh. possibility unimaginable ten years ago. ¡°We used to think. We can¡¯t do anything,Now I think that¡¯s changing.¡±11. According to the passage, devolution was mainly meant toA. maintain the present status among the nations.B. reduce legislative powers of England.C. create a better state of equality among the nations.D. grant more say to all the nations in the union.12. The word ¡°centrifugal¡± in the second paragraph meansA. separatist.B. conventional.C. feudal.D. political13. Wales is different from Scotland in all the following aspects EXCEPTire for devolution.A. people¡¯s desB. locals¡¯ turnout for the voting.C. powers of the legislative body.D. status of the national language.A. Welsh has witnessed a revival as a national language.B. Poverty-r elief funds have come from the European Union.¡ÌC. A Welsh national airline is currently in operation.D. The national symbol has become a familiar sight.15. According to Dyfan Jones what has changed isA. people¡¯s mentality.B. pop culture.C. town¡¯s appearance.D. possibilities for the people.Passage Four：What is true? What is right? What is beautiful? Science considers what is true, starting outwith almost unimaginable ideas (The earth is moving! The future is unpredictable!). The job is to understand these ideas and fit them into a broad and logical picture of the universe. P olitics considers what is right. This requires broad understanding and eventual consensus of points of view that often appear incompatible. Art is the development of what is beautiful---whether through words, a musical note, or architecture.Truth, morality, beauty. It has been humanity¡¯s persistent hope that these three ideas should be consistent with each other. Yet successful activities in science, politics, and art diverge greatly, and I believe the three activities can be pursued i nitially without regard to each other, or without reconciling the possible conflicts that may arise. Today, there is perceived to be a strong contradiction b etween t he results of science a nd the requirements of morality; for instance, t he application of science has led to the development of nuclear weapons, while international morality¡ª¡ª and that research leading to them should be seems to demand that such results never be appliedstopped. I hold a position radically different from the general point of view, believing that contradiction and uncertainty should be enhanced.Niel Bohr loved contradiction. He would not tolerate the idea that quantum mechanics might some day supersede classical p hysics. For Bohr, classical physics had to remain in permanentA. Welsh has witnessed a revival as a national language.B. Poverty-r elief funds have come from the European Union.¡ÌC. A Welsh national airline is currently in operation.D. The national symbol has become a familiar sight.15. According to Dyfan Jones what has changed isA. people¡¯s mentality.B. pop culture.C. town¡¯s appearance.D. possibilities for the people.Passage Four：What is true? What is right? What is beautiful? Science considers what is true, starting outwith almost unimaginable ideas (The earth is moving! The future is unpredictable!). The job is to understand these ideas and fit them into a broad and logical picture of the universe. P olitics considers what is right. This requires broad understanding and eventual consensus of points of view that often appear incompatible. Art is the development of what is beautiful---whether through words, a musical note, or architecture.Truth, morality, beauty. It has been humanity¡¯s persistent hope that these three ideas should be consistent with each other. Yet successful activities in science, politics, and art diverge greatly, and I believe the three activities can be pursued i nitially without regard to each other, or without reconciling the possible conflicts that may arise. Today, there is perceived to be a strong contradiction b etween t he results of science a nd the requirements of morality; for instance, t he application of science has led to the development of nuclear weapons, while international morality¡ª¡ª and that research leading to them should be seems to demand that such results never be appliedstopped. I hold a position radically different from the general point of view, believing that contradiction and uncertainty should be enhanced.Niel Bohr loved contradiction. He would not tolerate the idea that quantum mechanics might some day supersede classical p hysics. For Bohr, classical physics had to remain in permanentA. Welsh has witnessed a revival as a national language.B. Poverty-r elief funds have come from the European Union.¡ÌC. A Welsh national airline is currently in operation.D. The national symbol has become a familiar sight.15. According to Dyfan Jones what has changed isA. people¡¯s mentality.B. pop culture.C. town¡¯s appearance.D. possibilities for the people.Passage Four：What is true? What is right? What is beautiful? Science considers what is true, starting outwith almost unimaginable ideas (The earth is moving! The future is unpredictable!). The job is to understand these ideas and fit them into a broad and logical picture of the universe. P olitics considers what is right. This requires broad understanding and eventual consensus of points of view that often appear incompatible. Art is the development of what is beautiful---whether through words, a musical note, or architecture.Truth, morality, beauty. It has been humanity¡¯s persistent hope that these three ideas should be consistent with each other. Yet successful activities in science, politics, and art diverge greatly, and I believe the three activities can be pursued i nitially without regard to each other, or without reconciling the possible conflicts that may arise. Today, there is perceived to be a strong contradiction b etween t he results of science a nd the requirements of morality; for instance, t he application of science has led to the development of nuclear weapons, while international morality¡ª¡ª and that research leading to them should be seems to demand that such results never be appliedstopped. I hold a position radically different from the general point of view, believing that contradiction and uncertainty should be enhanced.Niel Bohr loved contradiction. He would not tolerate the idea that quantum mechanics might some day supersede classical p hysics. For Bohr, classical physics had to remain in permanent14. Which of the following is NOT cited as an example of the resurgence of Welsh national identityA. Welsh has witnessed a revival as a national language.B. Poverty-r elief funds have come from the European Union.¡ÌC. A Welsh national airline is currently in operation.D. The national symbol has become a familiar sight.15. According to Dyfan Jones what has changed isA. people¡¯s mentality.B. pop culture.C. town¡¯s appearance.D. possibilities for the people.Passage Four：What is true? What is right? What is beautiful? Science considers what is true, starting outwith almost unimaginable ideas (The earth is moving! The future is unpredictable!). The job is to understand these ideas and fit them into a broad and logical picture of the universe. P olitics considers what is right. This requires broad understanding and eventual consensus of points of view that often appear incompatible. Art is the development of what is beautiful---whether through words, a musical note, or architecture.Truth, morality, beauty. It has been humanity¡¯s persistent hope that these three ideas should be consistent with each other. Yet successful activities in science, politics, and art diverge greatly, and I believe the three activities can be pursued i nitially without regard to each other, or without reconciling the possible conflicts that may arise. Today, there is perceived to be a strong contradiction b etween t he results of science a nd the requirements of morality; for instance, t he application of science has led to the development of nuclear weapons, while international morality¡ª¡ª and that research leading to them should be seems to demand that such results never be appliedstopped. I hold a position radically different from the general point of view, believing that contradiction and uncertainty should be enhanced.Niel Bohr loved contradiction. He would not tolerate the idea that quantum mechanics might some day supersede classical p hysics. For Bohr, classical physics had to remain in permanentcommunication.4. It is known to all that knowledge is power. Young people without knowledge cannot expect tobecome assets to society. I n order to acquire profound knowledge, they strive to study well inschool in the first place. This does not mean that knowledge only consists in books. In most cases, the knowledge from books is no substitute for the knowledge derived from social practices. For this obvious reason, young people should also regard it as indispensable to their acquirement of knowledge to learn earnestly from the experienced people and from society as well. In short, theof rightly motivated young people are advised to insist on obtaining knowledge from all kindssources.5. 今天，环境问题变得越来越严重了。

(完整word版)专业英语考试题(太原理工)

1. Which of the following is not a required part of an information system?A. PeopleB. ProceduresC. InternetD. Data2. The physical equipment that processes data in order to create information is called theA. typologyB. compilerC. hardwareD. software3. The word "software" is interchangeable with the wordA. procedureB. applicationC. programD. computer4. What are the two major software types?A. System analysis software and data warehousing softwareB. Operating system software and utilities softwareC. System software and application softwareD. Database management software and application software5. Which of the following is a collection of programs rather than a single program?A. ProceduresB. System softwareC. HardwareD. Application software6. "Background" software that allows the computers to work is calledA. shareware.B. application software.C. desktop.D. system software.7. Identify the program that coordinates computer resources, provides an interface between users and the computer, and runs applications.A. Systems softwareB. Operating systemC. Application softwareD. Device driver8. Disk Defragmenter eliminates unnecessary file fragments and rearranges files and unused disk space to optimize computer operations. This is an example of which type of program?A. System softwareB. Operating systemC. Application softwareD. Utilities9. System software includes all of the following exceptA. operating systems.B. device drivers.C. utilities.D. browser.10. Which of the following is most likely to be used to monitor manufacturing processes and assembly-line operations?A. MinicomputersB. Mainframe computersC. SupercomputersD. Microcomputers11. Desktop, media center, notebook, netbook, tablet PC, and handheld computers are classified asA. mainframe computers.B. supercomputers.C. minicomputers.D. microcomputers.12. The most widely used handheld computers areA. laptop computers.B. PDAs and smartphones.C. notebooks and netbooks.D. tablet PCs.13. A specific type of notebook computer that accepts handwriting is called aA. laptop computerB. netbookC. subnotebookD. tablet PC14. This computer component holds data that is currently being processed.A. RAMB. ROMC. BusD. Ports15. Which of the following will not retain data after the computer is turned off?A. DVDB. RAMC. ROMD. Hard drive16. Identify the four basic categories of hardware in a microcomputer system.A. Hard disk, input/output, secondary storage, and display devices.B. System unit, input/output, secondary storage, and primary storage.C. System unit, input/output, secondary storage, and communication.D. System unit, modem, RAM, and microprocessor.17. The most common output devices areA. monitors and printers.B. DVD drives and monitors.C. speakers and printers.D. printers and DVD drives.18. Which one of the following is not considered a form of secondary storage?A. Solid-state storageB. Optical diskC. RAMD. Hard disk19. Flash memory cards are a type of what kind of secondary storage?A. Optical disksB. Hard drivesC. High-definition disksD. Solid-state storage20. The most widely used communication device isA. a personal computer.B. the Internet.C. a telephone line.D. a modem.21. Which of the following is not an example of a document file?A. SpreadsheetB. MemoC. LetterD. Term paper22. A financial budget would typically be what type of data file?A. A databaseB. A worksheetC. A presentationD. A document23. Employee records, including names, social security numbers, and related information, would typically be what type of data files?A. Document filesB. Presentation filesC. Database filesD. Worksheet files24. The capability of your microcomputer to share information with other computers is referred to asA. the wireless revolution.B. system memory.C. computer competency.D. connectivity.25. The Internet is the largest _____ in the world.A. networkB. system unitC. database programD. operating systemTrue / False Questions26. The five parts of an information system are: people, procedures, software, hardware, and data.True False27. The purpose of software is to convert data into information.True False28. Software is another name for a program or programs.True False29. To be a competent computer user, you must understand the essentials of information technology (IT).True False30. Application software is "background" software which helps the computer manage its own internal resources.True False31. System software is a collection of programs.True False32. Disk Defragmenter is a Windows utility that is commonly used to format secondary devices. True False33. System software might be described as end user software.True False34. A browser is an example of a specialized application.True False35. Another name for a minicomputer is midrange computer.True False36. Insurance companies are most likely to use midrange computers to process information about millions of policyholders.True False37. Media centers combine the functionality of a desktop computer with an entertainment center.True False38. Two important components of the system unit are the microprocessor and the hard disk. True False39. A system unit consists of the keyboard and the monitor.True False40. RAM will retain data when the computer is turned off.True False41. The most common input devices are the mouse and the keyboard.True False42. Secondary storage will retain data when the computer is turned off.True False43. Solid-state storage uses rigid metallic platters to store data using the magnetic charges of the disk's surface.True False44. The four common types of files are document files, worksheet files, database files, and presentation files.True False45. Highly structured and organized data is stored in database files.True FalseFill in the Blank Questions46. Computer _____ refers to acquiring computer-related skills.________________________________________47. The rules to follow when using software, hardware, and data are called _____.________________________________________48. _____ is the equipment that processes data to create information.________________________________________49. Raw, unprocessed facts, including text, numbers, images, and sounds, are called _____.________________________________________50. _____ is a collection of programs that helps the computer manage its own resources and enables application software to interact with computer hardware.________________________________________51. _____ are specialized programs designed to allow particular input or output devices to communicate with the rest of the computer system.________________________________________52. Application software can be categorized as either basic applications or _____ applications.________________________________________53. The basic application used to navigate, explore, and find information on the Internet is calleda _____.________________________________________54. _____ computers are not nearly as powerful as supercomputers, but are capable of great processing speeds and data storage.________________________________________55. The six types of microcomputers are: _____ computers, media centers, notebooks, netbooks, tablet PCs, and handheld computers.________________________________________56. _____ computers are the smallest type of microcomputer and are designed to fit into the palm of one hand.________________________________________57. The _____ is the container that houses most of the electronic components of a computer system.________________________________________58. _____storage devices do not lose data or programs after the electrical power is turned off.________________________________________59. _____are rigid metallic platters used to store programs and very large data files.________________________________________60. _____ are secondary storage devices that have the greatest capacity.________________________________________61. A _____ file might contain audience handouts and speaker notes in addition to electronic slides.________________________________________62. Increased use of mobile devices has been termed the _____ revolution.________________________________________63. A _____ is a communications system connecting two or more computers.________________________________________64. The _____provides a multimedia interface to the numerous resources available on the Internet.________________________________________65. The largest network in the world is the _____.________________________________________Essay Questions66. Describe all the parts of an information system.67. Where would it be most relevant to use the term "data" and the term "information"? Give an example of each.68. What is an operating system? Give two examples.69. What is application software? Describe the two categories of the application software.70. What are the differences between a supercomputer and a mainframe computer?71. Describe the differences between minicomputers and microcomputers.72. Describe the different types of microcomputers with relevant examples.73. Explain what a system unit is.74. What is secondary storage? What is the difference between hard disks and solid-state storage?75. Describe the four types of files.Multiple Choice Questions1. (p. 4) Which of the following is not a required part of an information system?A. PeopleB. ProceduresC. InternetD. DataAn information system has five parts: people, procedures, software, hardware, and data. Difficulty: Easy2. (p. 6) The physical equipment that processes data in order to create information is called theA. typologyB. compilerC. hardwareD. softwareThe equipment that processes the data to create information is called hardware. Difficulty: Easy3. (p. 8) The word "software" is interchangeable with the wordA. procedureB. applicationC. programD. computerThe words software and programs are interchangeable.Difficulty: Easy4. (p. 8) What are the two major software types?A. System analysis software and data warehousing softwareB. Operating system software and utilities softwareC. System software and application softwareD. Database management software and application softwareThere are two major kinds of software: system software and application software.Difficulty: Easy5. (p. 9) Which of the following is a collection of programs rather than a single program?A. ProceduresB. System softwareC. HardwareD. Application softwareSystem software is not a single program. Rather it is a collection of programs, including operating systems, utilities, and device drivers.Difficulty: Easy6. (p. 9) "Background" software that allows the computers to work is calledA. shareware.B. application software.C. desktop.D. system software.System software is "background" software that helps the computer manage its own internal resources.Difficulty: Medium7. (p. 9) Identify the program that coordinates computer resources, provides an interface between users and the computer, and runs applications.A. Systems softwareB. Operating systemC. Application softwareD. Device driverOperating systems are programs that coordinate computer resources, provide an interface between users and the computer, and run applications.Difficulty: Easy8. (p. 9) Disk Defragmenter eliminates unnecessary file fragments and rearranges files andunused disk space to optimize computer operations. This is an example of which type of program?A. System softwareB. Operating systemC. Application softwareD. UtilitiesUtilities perform specific tasks related to managing computer resources.Difficulty: Hard9. (p. 9) System software includes all of the following exceptA. operating systems.B. device drivers.C. utilities.D. browser.A browser is used to navigate, explore, and find information on the Internet. It is an example of application software, not system software.Difficulty: Medium10. (p. 11) Which of the following is most likely to be used to monitor manufacturing processes and assembly-line operations?A. MinicomputersB. Mainframe computersC. SupercomputersD. MicrocomputersMinicomputers are refrigerator-sized machines often used in medium-sized companies or departments of large companies for specific purposes, such as monitoring manufacturing processes and assembly-line operations.Difficulty: Medium11. (p. 11) Desktop, media center, notebook, netbook, tablet PC, and handheld computers are classified asA. mainframe computers.B. supercomputers.C. minicomputers.D. microcomputers.These computers are classified as microcomputers.Difficulty: Easy12. (p. 11) The most widely used handheld computers areA. laptop computers.B. PDAs and smartphones.C. notebooks and netbooks.D. tablet PCs.PDAs (Personal Digital Assistants) and smartphones are the most widely used handheld computers.Difficulty: Easy13. (p. 11) A specific type of notebook computer that accepts handwriting is called aA. laptop computerB. netbookC. subnotebookD. tablet PCA tablet PC is a type of notebook that accepts handwriting, converting the input to standard text that can be used by programs such as word processors.Difficulty: Easy14. (p. 12) This computer component holds data that is currently being processed.A. RAMB. ROMC. BusD. PortsRAM holds the program and data that is currently being processed.Difficulty: Medium15. (p. 12) Which of the following will not retain data after the computer is turned off?A. DVDB. RAMC. ROMD. Hard driveRAM is referred to as temporary storage because its contents will typically be lost if the electrical power to the computer is disrupted.Difficulty: Easy16. (p. 12) Identify the four basic categories of hardware in a microcomputer system.A. Hard disk, input/output, secondary storage, and display devices.B. System unit, input/output, secondary storage, and primary storage.C. System unit, input/output, secondary storage, and communication.D. System unit, modem, RAM, and microprocessor.Hardware for a microcomputer system consists of a variety of different devices. This physical equipment falls into four basic categories: system unit, input/output, secondary storage, and communication.Difficulty: Medium17. (p. 12) The most common output devices areA. monitors and printers.B. DVD drives and monitors.C. speakers and printers.D. printers and DVD drives.Monitors and printers are the most common output devices.Difficulty: Easy18. (p. 12) Which one of the following is not considered a form of secondary storage?A. Solid-state storageB. Optical diskC. RAMD. Hard diskThe most important kinds of secondary media are hard disks, solid-state storage, and optical disks. RAM is primary, not secondary, storage.Difficulty: Easy19. (p. 13) Flash memory cards are a type of what kind of secondary storage?A. Optical disksB. Hard drivesC. High-definition disksD. Solid-state storageThe three types of solid-state storage are solid-state drives, flash memory cards, and USB drives.Difficulty: Medium20. (p. 14) The most widely used communication device isA. a personal computer.B. the Internet.C. a telephone line.D. a modem.A modem is the most widely used communication device. A modem modifies telephone communications into a form that can be processed by a computer.Difficulty: Medium21. (p. 15) Which of the following is not an example of a document file?A. SpreadsheetB. MemoC. LetterD. Term paperSpreadsheets are classified as worksheet files.Difficulty: Easy22. (p. 15) A financial budget would typically be what type of data file?A. A databaseB. A worksheetC. A presentationD. A documentWorksheets are used to analyze things like budgets and to predict sales.Difficulty: Hard23. (p. 15) Employee records, including names, social security numbers, and related information, would typically be what type of data files?A. Document filesB. Presentation filesC. Database filesD. Worksheet filesDatabase files contain highly structured and organized data storing records of related information.Difficulty: Medium24. (p. 15) The capability of your microcomputer to share information with other computers is referred to asA. the wireless revolution.B. system memory.C. computer competency.D. connectivity.Connectivity is the capability of your microcomputer to share information with other computers.Difficulty: Medium25. (p. 16) The Internet is the largest _____ in the world.A. networkB. system unitC. database programD. operating systemThe largest network in the world is the Internet. It is like a giant highway that connects you to millions of other people and organizations located throughout the world.Difficulty: MediumTrue / False Questions26. (p. 5) The five parts of an information system are: people, procedures, software, hardware, and data.TRUEThe five parts of an information system are people, procedures, software, hardware, and data.Difficulty: Medium27. (p. 6) The purpose of software is to convert data into information.TRUEThe purpose of software is to convert data (unprocessed facts) into information (processed facts).28. (p. 6) Software is another name for a program or programs.TRUESoftware is another name for a program or programs.Difficulty: Easy29. (p. 6) To be a competent computer user, you must understand the essentials of information technology (IT).TRUEIn microcomputer systems, end users must understand the essentials of IT, including software, hardware, and data.Difficulty: Easy30. (p. 9) Application software is "background" software which helps the computer manage its own internal resources.FALSESystem software, not application software, helps the computer manage its own internal resources.Difficulty: Medium31. (p. 9) System software is a collection of programs.TRUESystem software is not a single program. Rather it is a collection of programs including the operating system, utilities, and device drivers.Difficulty: Medium32. (p. 9) Disk Defragmenter is a Windows utility that is commonly used to format secondary devices.FALSEDisk Defragmenter is a Windows utility that is used to locate and eliminate unnecessary file fragments and rearrange files and unused disk space to optimize computer operations.33. (p. 9) System software might be described as end user software.FALSEApplication software, not system software, may be described as end user software.Difficulty: Hard34. (p. 9) A browser is an example of a specialized application.FALSEA browser is an example of a basic application.Difficulty: Easy35. (p. 10) Another name for a minicomputer is midrange computer.TRUEMinicomputers are also known as midrange computers.Difficulty: Easy36. (p. 10) Insurance companies are most likely to use midrange computers to process information about millions of policyholders.FALSEInsurance companies use mainframe computers for this purpose.Difficulty: Medium37. (p. 11) Media centers combine the functionality of a desktop computer with an entertainment center.TRUEMedia centers blur the line between desktop computers and dedicated entertainment devices. Difficulty: Medium38. (p. 12) Two important components of the system unit are the microprocessor and the hard disk.FALSEThe primary components of the system unit are the microprocessor and memory.Difficulty: Medium39. (p. 12) A system unit consists of the keyboard and the monitor.FALSEThe system unit is a container that houses most of the electronic components that make up a computer system.Difficulty: Easy40. (p. 12) RAM will retain data when the computer is turned off.FALSERAM is sometimes referred to as temporary storage because its contents will typically be lost if the electrical power to the computer is disrupted.Difficulty: Medium41. (p. 12) The most common input devices are the mouse and the keyboard.TRUEThe two most common input devices are the mouse and the keyboard.Difficulty: Easy42. (p. 12) Secondary storage will retain data when the computer is turned off.TRUESecondary storage does not lose data and programs when electrical power to the computer is disrupted.Difficulty: Medium43. (p. 13) Solid-state storage uses rigid metallic platters to store data using the magnetic charges of the disk's surface.FALSESolid-state storage does not have any moving parts. Hard disks use metallic platters to store data using the magnetic charges of the disk's surface.Difficulty: Hard44. (p. 15) The four common types of files are document files, worksheet files, database files, and presentation files.TRUEThe four types of files include document files, worksheet files, database files, and presentation files.Difficulty: Medium45. (p. 15) Highly structured and organized data is stored in database files.TRUEDatabase management programs contain highly structured and organized data.Difficulty: MediumFill in the Blank Questions46. (p. 4) Computer _____ refers to acquiring computer-related skills.competencyComputer competency refers to acquiring computer-related skills, and is an indispensable tool for today.Difficulty: Medium47. (p. 5) The rules to follow when using software, hardware, and data are called _____. proceduresThe rules or guidelines for people to follow when using software, hardware, and data are procedures.Difficulty: Hard48. (p. 6) _____ is the equipment that processes data to create information.HardwareHardware is the equipment that processes data to create information.Difficulty: Medium49. (p. 6) Raw, unprocessed facts, including text, numbers, images, and sounds, are called _____. dataSoftware processes data (raw, unprocessed facts) to yield information (processed facts).Difficulty: Hard50. (p. 8) _____ is a collection of programs that helps the computer manage its own resources and enables application software to interact with computer hardware.System softwareSystem software includes operating systems, utilities, and device drivers to help the computer manage internal resources and enable application software to interact with computer hardware.Difficulty: Medium51. (p. 9) _____ are specialized programs designed to allow particular input or output devices to communicate with the rest of the computer system.Device driversDevice drivers are specialized programs designed to allow particular input or output devices to communicate with the rest of the computer system.Difficulty: Hard52. (p. 9) Application software can be categorized as either basic applications or _____ applications.specializedBasic applications include applications that you have to know to be considered computer competent. Specialized applications are more narrowly focused on specific disciplines and occupations.Difficulty: Easy53. (p. 9) The basic application used to navigate, explore, and find information on the Internet is called a _____.browserOne of the basic application software used is a browser to navigate, explore, and find information on the Internet. Internet Explorer is one of the most widely used browsers.Difficulty: Easy54. (p. 10) _____ computers are not nearly as powerful as supercomputers, but are capable of great processing speeds and data storage.MainframeAlthough Mainframes are not nearly as powerful as supercomputers, they are capable of great processing speeds and data storage.Difficulty: Medium55. (p. 11) The six types of microcomputers are: _____ computers, media centers, notebooks, netbooks, tablet PCs, and handheld computers.desktopDesktop computers are small enough to fit on top of a desk, yet are too big to carry around.Difficulty: Medium56. (p. 11) _____ computers are the smallest type of microcomputer and are designed to fit into the palm of one hand.HandheldPersonal digital assistants (PDAs) and smartphones are the most widely used handheld computers.Difficulty: Easy57. (p. 12) The _____ is the container that houses most of the electronic components of a computer system.system unitThe system unit is the container that houses most of the electronic components of a computer system.Difficulty: Medium58. (p. 12) _____storage devices do not lose data or programs after the electrical power is turned off.SecondarySecondary storage holds data and programs even after electrical power to the computer system has been turned off.Difficulty: Easy59. (p. 13) _____are rigid metallic platters used to store programs and very large data files.Hard disksHard disks are used to store programs and large data files.Difficulty: Easy60. (p. 13) _____ are secondary storage devices that have the greatest capacity.Optical discsOptical discs have the greatest capacity.Difficulty: Hard61. (p. 15) A _____ file might contain audience handouts and speaker notes in addition to electronic slides.presentationPresentation files might contain audience handouts, speaker notes, and electronic slides.Difficulty: Easy62. (p. 15) Increased use of mobile devices has been termed the _____ revolution.wirelessThe widespread use of mobile or wireless communication devices has been the biggest change in connectivity. Experts predict that these wireless applications are just the beginning of the wireless revolution.Difficulty: Medium63. (p. 16) A _____ is a communications system connecting two or more computers.networkCentral to the concept of connectivity is the network. A network is a communications system connecting two or more computers.Difficulty: Easy64. (p. 16) The _____provides a multimedia interface to the numerous resources available on the Internet.WebThe Web provides a multimedia interface to the numerous resources available on the Internet.Difficulty: Medium65. (p. 16) The largest network in the world is the _____.InternetThe largest network in the world is the Internet.Difficulty: EasyEssay Questions66. (p. 5, 6) Describe all the parts of an information system.An information system typically consists of five parts: people, procedures, software, hardware, and data. Information systems are used by people in order to increase productivity. Procedures are rules or guidelines for people to follow when using software, hardware, and data. Software is a program that contains the step-by-step instructions that tell the computer how to do its work. Hardware consists of the physical equipment that processes the data to create information. Data consists of raw unprocessed facts, including text, numbers, images, and sounds.Difficulty: Medium67. (p. 6) Where would it be most relevant to use the term "data" and the term "information"? Give an example of each.Data are unprocessed facts, including text, numbers, images and sound. An example might be a listing of all customer purchases at a bookstore over the last year. Information is processed data that has been rendered usable with the help of various types of software. From the previous example, you could derive information such as the addresses of customers who bought more than $500 worth of books or the year's top ten horror novels.Difficulty: Medium68. (p. 8, 9) What is an operating system? Give two examples.。

太原考研今年试题及答案

太原考研今年试题及答案模拟试题：太原考研英语阅读理解部分阅读下面的文章，回答随后的问题。

文章The Impact of Technology on Education文章内容：In recent years, the rapid development of technology has hada profound impact on various aspects of our lives, including education. The integration of technology in the classroom has transformed the way teachers teach and students learn.One of the most significant benefits of technology in education is the accessibility it provides. With the internet, students can access a wealth of information at their fingertips. Online courses and educational platforms have made learning more flexible and convenient, allowing students to study at their own pace and from any location.Another advantage is the interactivity that technology brings to the learning process. Interactive whiteboards, educational apps, and virtual reality simulations can make learning more engaging and enjoyable for students. This can lead to increased motivation and better academic performance.However, there are also challenges associated with the use of technology in education. One concern is the digital divide,where unequal access to technology can exacerbate existing inequalities in education. Additionally, there is the issue of distraction, as the abundance of online content can sometimes lead to students losing focus on their studies.In conclusion, while technology has the potential to greatly enhance education, it is crucial to address the challenges it presents to ensure that it benefits all students equally.问题：1. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Technology has made education more accessible.B. Technology has only positive effects on education.C. Technology has both benefits and challenges in education.D. The digital divide is the biggest challenge in education.2. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT an advantage of technology in education?A. Flexibility in learning.B. Increased motivation.C. The potential for distraction.D. Access to a wealth of information.3. What does the author suggest is necessary to ensure technology benefits all students?A. More online content.B. Addressing the digital divide.C. Reducing the use of interactive whiteboards.D. Limiting the accessibility of the internet.4. What is the "digital divide" mentioned in the passage?A. The gap between those who have access to technology and those who do not.B. The difference in academic performance due to technology use.C. The variety of online courses available.D. The divide between traditional and online learning methods.5. What can be inferred about the author's view on technology in education?A. The author is skeptical about the role of technology in education.B. The author believes technology can improve education if used properly.C. The author thinks technology has no place in the classroom.D. The author is completely against the use of technology in education.答案：1. C. Technology has both benefits and challenges in education.2. C. The potential for distraction.3. B. Addressing the digital divide.4. A. The gap between those who have access to technology and those who do not.5. B. The author believes technology can improve education if used properly.。

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