英文翻译 模板

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4、英文翻译模板——参考样本

4、英文翻译模板——参考样本

毕业设计(英文翻译)译文内容Using MCA to Segment New Car Markets(用多元类别分析进行新车市场细分)译文出处Journal of Marketing ResearchAug70, V ol. 7 Issue 3, p360-363, 4p, 2 charts系别:经济管理学院专业:汽车营销班级:T553-1学生姓名:晏子淇学号:20050530124指导教师:魏仁干Using MCA to Segment New Car MarketsBy: Peters, William H.. Journal of Marketing Research (JMR), Aug70, V ol. 7 Issue 3, p360-363, 4p, 2 charts; (AN 5002921)PIn this study the mid-196O's new car market is analyzed by using a new, dummy variable, multivariate technique known as Multiple Classification Analysis (MCA).This approach helps provide a better understanding of this complex market and gives some interesting hints as to its possible future direction.INTRODUCTIONIn the years since Smith's article [3] aroused interest in market segmentation, there has been growing concern about the power of demographic variables to segment markets for many products. In fact, whether demographic analysis is of much help at all in defining markets or understanding buyer behavior has been questioned. In 1964 Yankelovich [6, p. 84] wrote: "In neither automobiles, soap, nor cigarettes do demographic analyses reveal to the manufacturers what products to make or what products to sell to what segments of the market."More recently the pessimism about the usefulness of demographic data in market segmentation was countered by Bass, Tigert, and Lonsdale [2]. They say that demographic variables have had such a poor performance record in past studies because these studies attempted to predict individual family buying behavior with demographics. On this basis, because of wide variations of buyer behavior in any market group, the multiple regression R^ values are almost always very low. But Basset al. write that: ". . . implementation of the strategy of market segmentation involves postulates about the characteristics and behavior of groups, not persons" [2, p.265]. They show how important buyer groups can be identified with demographics and thereby refute the idea that it is not feasible to define market segments by socioeconomic measurements. The essence of their argument is that "For market segmentation, the essential question is whether it is possible to identify groups of consumers with different mean purchase rates dependent on certain variables, such as income, age, and occupation"[2, p. 265].This author feels that a new, easy to use, dummy variable multiple regression program called Multiple Classification Analysis (MCA) is ideally suited to perform this task efficiently. To present and explain the MCA pro-gram is the first objective of this article. The second is to put MCA to work analyzing the mid-1960's new car market and to show the results. These results allow for a much better understanding of this major, complex consumer market. Also, they provide some useful insights into the possible future direction of the new car market—in particular a hint at a possible reason for the current popularity of smaller cars and what this may mean for the future of small and medium-sized cars.THE STUDYData UsedThe data in this study were collected by personal interview for the 1966 and 1967 Survey of ConsumerFinances (SCF) by the Survey Research Center at theUniversity of Michigan. They are combined here. The subsample in this study used the automobile owned as the unit of analysis, with appropriate economic and demographic data about the family unit associated with each car. This subsample was all cars purchased new whose model year was 1963-67 (N = 2,051).VariablesThe dependent variable used throughout the study was the automobile class to which the car belongs, with five new car classes established generally on the basis of size: compacts, intermediate-sized, medium-sized, large, and foreign economy cars. The explanatory variable included: total family unit in come (all earned and unearned income except capital gains), age of the family head, head's occupation, family's housing status (rent/own), number of major income receivers (over $600 a year), number of children under 18, number of cars owned, number of adults (over 18),education and race of the head, number of drivers, who Journal of Marketing Research, V ol. VII (August 1970), 360-3USING MCA TO SEGMENT NEW CAR MARKETS normally drives, distance from center of central city, and house type. Total family unit income was expressed in terms of deciles—the lowest numbered one and the highest ten.MethodologyThe current version of MCA was developed in theearly 196O's at the Institute for Social Research at theUniversity of Michigan . It is a complex computer program that makes dummy variable multiple regression easy. While MCA has been used as an analytical tool in other branches of social science research (especially at the Institute for Social Research), it has yet to become well known in marketing. It has potential advantages in exploring multivariate marketing problems, and especially for group-type marketing segmentation, as suggested by Bass et al.The main advantages of MCA are:1.It makes deck preparation when doing dummy variable regressions very simple.。

毕业设计中英文翻译【范本模板】

毕业设计中英文翻译【范本模板】

英文The road (highway)The road is one kind of linear construction used for travel。

It is made of the roadbed,the road surface, the bridge, the culvert and the tunnel. In addition, it also has the crossing of lines, the protective project and the traffic engineering and the route facility。

The roadbed is the base of road surface, road shoulder,side slope, side ditch foundations. It is stone material structure, which is designed according to route's plane position .The roadbed, as the base of travel, must guarantee that it has the enough intensity and the stability that can prevent the water and other natural disaster from corroding.The road surface is the surface of road. It is single or complex structure built with mixture。

The road surface require being smooth,having enough intensity,good stability and anti—slippery function. The quality of road surface directly affects the safe, comfort and the traffic。

完整户口本英文翻译模板

完整户口本英文翻译模板

ANNOUNCEMENTS1.Household register has the legal validity that certifies the attorneyship of a citizen and the relationship of family members, and it is the main reference for the censor and checkup of domiciliary register which is undertaking by the household registration authority. When the functionary of household registration authority censor and verify the household register, the familia and members of this family shall take the initiative in presenting the household register.2.The familia shall take the household register in safekeeping, the household register is prohibited to be alterred, transferred and leased. In case of that the household register is lost, the household registration authority should be informed.3.The right for registering the household register shall be performed by the household registration authority, any other unit and individual shall not make any records on the booklet.4.The member of this family shall go to the household registration authority for transacting the declaration and registration, applying bring with the booklet, in case of the increase and decrease of the members and the alteration of registration items.5.In case of that the whole family moves out of the residency, the Household register shall be turned in and cancelled.Alteration of Registration Items and Correction RecordRegistration Card of Permanent ResidentPerson in charge (sign and seal):****** (policeman) Issued on:Alteration of Registration Items and Correction RecordRegistration Card of Permanent ResidentAlteration of Registration Items and Correction RecordRegistration Card of Permanent ResidentPerson in charge (sign and seal):Issued on:。

作文模板英语英文翻译

作文模板英语英文翻译

作文模板英语英文翻译英文回答:Introduction。

Hook: Begin with a captivating statement or question that grabs the reader's attention.Background information: Provide context and introduce the topic of the essay.Thesis statement: State your main argument or claim clearly and concisely.Body Paragraphs。

Topic sentence: Introduce the main idea of the paragraph, which should support the thesis statement.Evidence: Provide specific examples, facts, or researchto support your topic sentence.Analysis: Explain how the evidence supports your argument and connect it back to the thesis statement.Transition: Use a transitional phrase to connect to the next paragraph.Conclusion。

Restate thesis statement: Summarize your main argument.Recap main points: Briefly summarize the key points of your essay.Concluding statement: Draw a conclusion and provide a final thought or call to action.Example Template:Introduction。

中英文翻译模板

中英文翻译模板

中英文翻译模板Individual Mortgage Loan Contract for PurchasingCommercial HousingAgricultural Bank of ChinaGF Zi No. *** *****XX 年*** *****Guarantor: HUANG Wenya (sealed)In accordance with relevant state laws and rules, the contract is made after negotiations between the both parties.Loan itemsArticle 1. Loan money:The debitor provides loan to the creditor to purchase the residential house. The contracted loaning amount: Article 2. Loan purpose:To purchase the housing locate The contract number of the debtor: Article 3. Loan periodArticle 4. Loan interests1. by the Bank of China. In the event that the Bank of China adjusts the interest rate of the loan, from Jan.1 the next year, the debtor performs the interest payment according to the new loans confirmed by the floating scope between the adjusted standard interest and the lending rate agreed in the contract. It will not notify the debtor, the guarantor and the mortgager again.2. If the borrower doesn ' t refund the loan in accordance withthe contract, from the overdue time, the lender has the right to call for additional money as penalty until the corpus and interests are paid off. Following the measure will be complied with.day3. The creditor has the right to call for percent raising money as penalty at the basis of the annual interest rate stipulated in the contract. In the event that the Bank of China adjusts the interest rate of the loan, the loan rate under the contract shall comply with the relevant regulation from the day of adjusting rate.4. If the borrower does not use the money according to the purpose stipulated in the contract, the lender has the right to call for percent raising money as penalty at the basis of the annual interest rate stipulated in the contract. In the event that the Bank of China adjusts the interest rate of the loan, the loan rate under the contract shall comply with the relevant regulation from the day of adjusting rate. Article5.Under the circumstances that the following conditions are not achieved, the lender has the right not to provide the loanstipulated in the contract.1. The borrower shall offer relevant documents, materials and credence inaccordance with the requirements of the lender. And the borrower shallhandle the relevant procedures.2. The purchasing money of the first period and the money related to thecontract have been paid off.3. If the contract has a guarantor and the procedures of relevantregistration and/or insurance have been settled in accordance with the requirements of the borrower, this guarantee keeps effective.4. The borrower, the guarantor and the mortgager don't make anydisadvantageous matters which will affect the safety of loan.Article 6. Transferring methods:The borrower opens an account in the lender 'bsank. The account name is The opening bank is card number is measure.1. The debtor irrevocably accredits the lender to transfer themoney to theabove settle account, then transfer to the house seller ), to pay the money agreed in the contract of purchasing house.2. The borrower irrevocably accredits the lender to transfer the money to ) (Account number ), Article 7 Loan payment 1.The borrower pays the principal and interest of the load under this of If there is not the day of borrowing, the payment day is the last day of every month. The borrower(1) Equal capital and interest payment.(2) Equal capital descending payment.(3) Other methods of payments2. If picking up the equal capital and interest payment, the borrower shall pay Article 8 Prepayment1. If Borrower needs to refund in advance, it shall note Lender one month before refund day and the notice is irrevocable upon delivery. On the precondition that the borrower promises to refund the money agreed in following item 2 due to breach of contract and the premises that the borrower abides by the prescription of prepayment, the lender may agree prepayment.2. If the borrower has prepayment days after the real day of loan lender in advance.Article 9 Change of payment timeIf the borrower wants to change the payment time, he shall submit a written application to the lender 30days in advance. After the approval of the guarantor and the mortgager, the borrower can sign the agreement of the changing of the limit time and handle relevant insurances and guarantee procedures.Article 10 Transfer of creditor's rights and debtThe borrower can transfer the rights and interests to the third party without the permission of the lender, guarantor and the mortgager. Article 11 Borrower ' sdeclaration and guarantee Article 12Between the time of signing and the time of distributing money, if the borrower and the house seller have disputes about the rights and quality of thehouse, or it occurs some matters that may cause the borrower incapable of paying money, the lender has the right to terminate the contract.Guaranty of the LoanArticle 13 Premises GuaranteeThe scope of mortgage is principal and interest of loan punished interest and the cost of real claims. Article 14 Mortgage Guarantee1. The mortgager voluntarily mortgager the following belongings The above guaranty is an integral part of the contract.moment.3. The scope of mortgage include the capital, the interest, the fine, compound interest, the money of breach of the contract, the compensation for damage of loan and all the fees that realize the creditor 'rigshts.4. The declaration and guarantee of the mortgager5. The efficacy of mortgage rights6. The control and management of the guaranty7. The insurance of the mortgage8. The registration of the mortgage9. The realization of the mortgage rightsThe duties of breach of the contract Article 15 Duties of the debtorWhen the Mortgager fails to pay the principal, interest and relevant expenses in full amount on time or fails to wholly perform its states or warranties under the contract, it will constitute a breach of contract. The mortgager shall pay the money of breach of the contract according to thequantity and the delaying days.Article 16 Duties of the creditor, the guarantor and the mortgagerWhen the Mortgager fails to pay or fails to use the loan, the lender has the right to call for fines and compound interest according to the contract.Article 17 If the borrower gets the creditor ' s rights through the lawsuit and arbitration caused by the lender ' s breach of the contract, the lender bears the lawsuit, lawyer and outgoing fees expended by the borrower.Other itemsArticle 18. Where the dispute fails to reach agreement between the buyer and the seller, there is not any effect on the promise, guarantee, obligation and duties of the lender, guarantor, and the mortgager.Article 19.If the Contract is related to two borrowing members, they together bear the duties to discharge all the debt.Article 20. Fees charging Article 21. Dispute settlementWhen there is dispute during the time of the fulfillment of the contract, it can be measure. 1. Lawsuit, accepted by the court where the borrower is.2. Arbitrary. Article 22 Other agreement Article 23 Coming into effectestate administration, one is for the notarization department.Article 25 CluesThe borrower has asked the creditor, guarantor and the mortgager to make a full and correct understanding of all the items in the contract.Debtor: HUANG Wenya (signature) Name of certificate: ID Card IDNo.120XX 年***-*****XX 年2Address: Room 402, Floor 2, Building 6, Yixinyuan Development Zone Code: *****Telephone: *****(signature) Legal representative: Name of certificate: ID No.Address: Code:Telephone:Legal representative:Name of certificate: ID card ID No. 120XX 年***-*****XX 年2Address: Room 402, Floor 2, Building 6, Yixinyuan Development Zone Code: *****Telephone: *****(signature)The charger/the representative: Tianjin Jinbin Branch of Agriculture Bank of China(sealed) Telephone:(signature) Legal representative: Name of certificate: ID No.Address: Code:Telephone:(signature) Legal representative: Name of certificate: ID No.Address: Code:Telephone:Signing date: Jan.17, 20XX 年Signing site: Agricultural Bank of China, Tianjin Jinbin Branch List of MortgagesMortgager: HUANG WenyaMortgagee: Agricultural Bank of China, Tianjin Jinbin Branch。

毕业证学位证英文翻译件模板

毕业证学位证英文翻译件模板

广西大学毕业证、学位证英文模板DIPLOMACertificate No: ⑴This is to certify that ⑵ , ⑶ , born on ⑷ , majoring in ⑸ in our university from September (6) toJune (7) and has completed the requirements as stipulated in a (8) -year undergraduate program with satisfactory results and is hereby granted graduation.President: (9)Guangxi UniversityDate: (10)说明:⑴证书编号⑵姓名拼音⑶性别⑷出生日期⑸专业方向(6) 入学年份 (7)毕业年份⑻学制年数 (9) 校长姓名拼音 (10) 毕业证书签发日期BACHELOR’S DEGREE CERTIFICATECertificate No: ⑴This is to certify that ⑵ , ⑶ , born on ⑷ , majoring in ⑸ in our university from September (6) to June (7) and has completed the requirements as stipulated in a (8) -year undergraduate program and is awarded the Bachelor of (9) upon graduation in conformity with the Degrees Regulations of the People’s Republic of China.Chairman: (10)Committee on Conferring of DegreeGuangxi UniversityDate: (11)说明:⑴证书编号⑵姓名拼音⑶性别⑷出生日期⑸专业方向⑹入学年份(7)毕业年份(8)学制年数(9)学科名称(10)学位评定委员会主席姓名(11)学位证书签发日期欢迎您的下载,资料仅供参考!致力为企业和个人提供合同协议,策划案计划书,学习资料等等打造全网一站式需求。

中英文翻译模板-公司

中英文翻译模板-公司

1. 章程章程:Articles of Association债权人: Creditors债务人: Debtors董事会:Board of Directors监事会:Board of Supervisors执行董事: Executive Director董事长: Board Chairman总经理: General Manager副总经理: Vice General Manager董事: Director监事: Supervisor股东: Shareholder股东会:Shareholders’ meeting出资: Contribution出资额: contribution amount任期: Term of office执行: execute制定: formulate任命: appoint雇用: employ股权: stock ownership分立:division所有者权益:owner’s equity清算:liquidation2. 资产评估资产评估:asset assessment委托方:consignor受托方:consignee资产占有者:asset occupant评估基准日:base date of assessment 评估师:valuer3. 验资报告分红: dividend奖金: bonus验资: capital verification注册资本: registered capital实收资本: paid-up capital委托: entrust指派: assign中国注册会计师:Certified public accountant4. 票据全国统一发票监制:Nationwide Uniform Seal for Supervision of the Invoices 北京市商业企业专用发票:Beijing Commercial Corporation Invoice北京市交通运输业,建筑业,金融保险业,邮电通信业,销售不动产,和转让无形资产专用发票:Beijing Special Invoice for Traffic Transportation on Industry, Construction Industry, Finance and Insurance Industry, Post and Telecommunication Industry, Realty Selling and Incorporeal Asset Transferring国家税务总局税收票证监制章:Supervisory Seal for Taxation Voucher of State Administration of Taxation国家税务总局农业税收票证监制章:Supervisory Seal for Agricultural Taxation Voucher of State Administration of Taxation全国统一发票监制章北京地方税务局监制:Nationwide Uniform Seal for Supervision of the Invoices, Under Supervision of Beijing Local Taxation Bureau(北京市工商行政管理局档案管理中心)查询专用章:Special Seal for Inquiry of Beijing Administration for Industry and Commerce Files Management Center (sealed)***银行储蓄业务专用章Special Seal for Savings Business of ***Bank***骑缝章:Seal on the Perforation of ******填票专用章:Special Seal for Filling, ***5. 法律中华人民共和国公司登记管理条例:Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Administration of Registration of Companies中华人民共和国企业法人登记管理条例:Regulations of the People's Republic of China for Controlling the Registration of Enterprises Legal Person中华人民共和国合同法:Contract Law of the People's Republic of China6. 税种营业税Business tax个人所得税Individual income tax教育附加税Educational surtax城市维护建设税Urban maintenance and construction tax增值税Value-added tax企业所得税Enterprise income tax7. 其他国有企业state-owned enterprises集体企业collectively-owned (partnership) enterprises私营企业private business民营企业privately-run businesses中小企业small-and-medium-sized enterprises个体工商户sole proprietorship三资企业(中外合资、中外合作、外商独资)overseas-invested enterprises; foreign-invested enterprises (Chinese-overseas equity joint ventures, Chinese-overseas contractual joint ventures, wholly foreign-owned enterprises)企业会计制度Enterprise Accounting System企业会计准则Enterprise Accounting Rules信用卡credit card本金principal坏帐bad debts经纪人broker佣金commission亚洲开发银行ADB: Asian Development Bank大专毕业: Diploma大学毕业: University中专毕业: technical school高职:vocational school硕士: Master博士: Doctor分期付款: pay by installment主要经济指标: major economic indicators扩大内需: expand domestic demand互助基金: mutual fund长期国债: long-term treasury bonds按原口径计算: calculate on the base line列入财政预算支出: listed in the fiscal budget开办人民币业务: engage in Renminbi (RMB) business出口退税制度: the system of refunding taxes on exported goods 住房抵押贷款: home mortgage loan流动性风险: liquidity risk配套政策: supporting policies消费价格指数: consumer price index (CPI)零售价格指数: retail price index (RPI)存款保证金: guaranty money for deposits货币回笼: withdrawal of currency from circulation利改税: substitution of tax payment for profit delivery费改税: transform administrative fees into taxes配套资金: counterpart funds。

5句英语作文模板翻译

5句英语作文模板翻译

5句英语作文模板翻译英文回答:1. Introduction。

The art of writing an essay in English can be mastered by implementing a step-by-step approach that ensures clarity, organization, and depth of analysis. One such method involves utilizing a template that provides a framework for structuring your essay, guiding you through each stage of the writing process. By adhering to a template, you can streamline your efforts, ensuring that your essay meets the expectations of the assignment while effectively communicating your ideas.2. Body Paragraph Template。

Topic Sentence: Begin each body paragraph with a concise statement that introduces the main idea or point you intend to discuss. This sentence should effectivelycapture the essence of the paragraph and serve as a guide for the supporting evidence that follows.Evidence: Support your topic sentence with relevant evidence from reputable sources. This can include research findings, statistics, examples, and quotations. Ensure that the evidence you present is accurate, credible, anddirectly related to your thesis statement.Explanation: After presenting the evidence, provide a thorough explanation of how it supports your topic sentence and contributes to the overall argument of your essay. This is an opportunity to elaborate on the significance of your evidence and demonstrate your understanding of the subject matter.Analysis: Conclude each body paragraph with an analysis that connects the evidence to the thesis statement and highlights the implications or significance of the discussion. This step allows you to demonstrate yourcritical thinking skills and provide a deeper understanding of the topic at hand.3. Conclusion Template。

各类作文模板英语翻译

各类作文模板英语翻译

各类作文模板英语翻译英文回答:Section 1: Narrative Essays。

Template 1: The Hero's Journey。

Introduction: Establish the protagonist, setting, and initial conflict.Rising Action: The protagonist encounters obstacles and learns valuable lessons.Climax: The protagonist faces their greatest challenge and makes a pivotal decision.Falling Action: The protagonist overcomes the obstacles and resolves the conflict.Resolution: The protagonist achieves their goal andlearns a valuable lesson.Template 2: The Problem and Solution。

Introduction: Introduce the problem to be solved and its impact.Body Paragraphs: Discuss the causes, consequences, and possible solutions to the problem.Conclusion: Summarize the problem, evaluate the proposed solutions, and offer a final recommendation.Template 3: The Chronicle。

Introduction: Introduce the subject and its chronological timeline.Body Paragraphs: Divide the timeline into distinct periods or events and provide detailed descriptions.Conclusion: Summarize the key events and theirsignificance in the subject's history.Section 2: Descriptive Essays。

英语作文手写翻译模板

英语作文手写翻译模板

英语作文手写翻译模板英文回答:## The Role of Culture in Language Learning。

Culture plays a significant role in language learningas it provides a context for the words and expressions we use. It influences our communication styles, our choice of vocabulary, and even our non-verbal cues. By understanding the culture of a target language, learners can gain adeeper understanding of the language itself and become more effective communicators.### The Influence of Culture on Language。

1. Meaning: The meaning of words and expressions can vary greatly across cultures. For example, the English word "red" can refer to a wide range of shades, while in Chinese, there are separate words for bright red, dark red, and orange-red.2. Communication Styles: Culture also influences how we communicate. In some cultures, it is considered polite to speak indirectly, while in others, directness is valued. This can lead to misunderstandings if learners are not aware of the cultural differences.3. Non-Verbal Cues: Non-verbal cues, such as gestures, facial expressions, and eye contact, also vary across cultures. For example, in some cultures, it is considered rude to make direct eye contact, while in others, it is a sign of respect.### The Benefits of Cultural Awareness。

英语作文带翻译短语模板

英语作文带翻译短语模板
Conclusion
Through the above introduction and example analysis, I believe everyone has a deeper understanding of the translation phrase templates in English composition. Although these phrase templates are simple in structure, when used properly in actual writing, they can make the expression of the article more vivid and natural, and improve the level of the composition. I hope that in the future writing, everyone can flexibly use these translation phrase templates to add color to their articles.
英语作文带翻译短语模板
简介
在学习英语写作的过程中,我们经常会遇到需要用到翻译短语的情况。翻译短语模板可以帮助我们更好地表达自己的观点,丰富文章的内容,提高作文的档次。接下来,我将为大家介绍一些常用的英语作文翻译短语模板,并结合实例进行详细解析。
1. 表示原因
英文短语:The reason why…
中文翻译: …的原因是…
5. Expressing sequence
English phrase: First of all, secondly, last but not least…
Chinese translation: First of all, secondly, last but not least…

签证用完整户口本英文翻译模板

签证用完整户口本英文翻译模板

Household RegisterUnder Supervision of The Ministry of Public Security of P.R.C.Points for Attention1. The Household Register has a legal force to identify the status of a citizen and the relationship of family members. It is a main basis for the household registration office to make residence investigation and check. When the household registration office makes residence investigation and check, the householder or anyone of the family members shall bring forth on his/her own initiative the Household Register.2. The Household Register shall be under proper keep of the householder. No alter, transfer and lease is allowed. The loss of the Household Register must be reported to the household registration office promptly.3. Only the household registration office has the power to make registration on the Household Register. No any other units and individuals are allowed to make any records on it.4. Any increase or decrease of family members in the household or any alteration of the registration items shall be registered on the Household Register by reporting to the household registration office.5. If the whole family has moved out of the jurisdictional area of the residence, the Household Register shall be submitted to the household registration office for cancellation.Basic Information of HouseholdChange Address RegistrationRegistration Records for the ResidentRegistration Officer: Issued Date:Change of Address RegistrationRegistration Records for the ResidentRegistration Officer: Issued Date:Updates of Member's InformationRecord of movement of household, population。

英文翻译参考模板

英文翻译参考模板

英文翻译参考模板InstructionYour Paper's Title Starts Here: Please Centeruse Helvetica (Arial) 14FULL First Author1, a, FULL Second Author2,b and Last Author3,c1Full address of first author, including country2Full address of second author, including country3List all distinct addresses in the same waya email,b email,c emailKeywords:List the keywords covered in your paper. These keywords will also be used by the publisher to produce a keyword index.For the rest of the paper, please use Times Roman (Times New Roman) 12Abstract.This template explains and demonstrates how to prepare your camera-ready paper for Trans Tech Publications. The best is to read these instructions and follow the outline of this text. Please make the page settings of your word processor to A4 format (21 x 29,7 cm or 8 x 11 inches); with the margins: bottom 1.5 cm (0.59 in) and top 2.5 cm (0.98 in), right/left margins must be 2 cm (0.78 in).We shall be able to publish your paper in electronic form on our web page , if the paper format and the margins are correct.Your manuscript will be reduced by approximately 20% by the publisher. Please keep this in mind when designing your figures and tables etc.IntroductionAll manuscripts must be in English, also the table and figure texts, otherwise we cannot publish your paper.Please keep a second copy of your manuscript in your office. When receiving the paper, we assume that the corresponding authors grant us the copyright to use the paper for the book or journal in question. 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中英文翻译模板-公司

中英文翻译模板-公司

1. 章程章程:Articles of Association债权人: Creditors债务人: Debtors董事会:Board of Directors监事会:Board of Supervisors执行董事: Executive Director董事长: Board Chairman总经理: General Manager副总经理: Vice General Manager董事: Director监事: Supervisor股东: Shareholder股东会:Shareholders’ meeting出资: Contribution出资额: contribution amount任期: Term of office执行: execute制定: formulate任命: appoint雇用: employ股权: stock ownership分立:division所有者权益:owner’s equity清算:liquidation2. 资产评估资产评估:asset assessment委托方:consignor受托方:consignee资产占有者:asset occupant评估基准日:base date of assessment 评估师:valuer3. 验资报告分红: dividend奖金: bonus验资: capital verification注册资本: registered capital实收资本: paid-up capital委托: entrust指派: assign中国注册会计师:Certified public accountant4. 票据全国统一发票监制:Nationwide Uniform Seal for Supervision of the Invoices 北京市商业企业专用发票:Beijing Commercial Corporation Invoice北京市交通运输业,建筑业,金融保险业,邮电通信业,销售不动产,和转让无形资产专用发票:Beijing Special Invoice for Traffic Transportation on Industry, Construction Industry, Finance and Insurance Industry, Post and Telecommunication Industry, Realty Selling and Incorporeal Asset Transferring国家税务总局税收票证监制章:Supervisory Seal for Taxation Voucher of State Administration of Taxation国家税务总局农业税收票证监制章:Supervisory Seal for Agricultural Taxation Voucher of State Administration of Taxation全国统一发票监制章北京地方税务局监制:Nationwide Uniform Seal for Supervision of the Invoices, Under Supervision of Beijing Local Taxation Bureau(北京市工商行政管理局档案管理中心)查询专用章:Special Seal for Inquiry of Beijing Administration for Industry and Commerce Files Management Center (sealed)***银行储蓄业务专用章Special Seal for Savings Business of ***Bank***骑缝章:Seal on the Perforation of ******填票专用章:Special Seal for Filling, ***亚洲开发银行ADB: Asian Development Bank大专毕业: Diploma大学毕业: University中专毕业: technical school高职:vocational school硕士: Master博士: Doctor分期付款: pay by installment主要经济指标: major economic indicators扩大内需: expand domestic demand互助基金: mutual fund长期国债: long-term treasury bonds按原口径计算: calculate on the base line列入财政预算支出: listed in the fiscal budget开办人民币业务: engage in Renminbi (RMB) business出口退税制度: the system of refunding taxes on exported goods 住房抵押贷款: home mortgage loan流动性风险: liquidity risk配套政策: supporting policies消费价格指数: consumer price index (CPI)零售价格指数: retail price index (RPI)存款保证金: guaranty money for deposits货币回笼: withdrawal of currency from circulation利改税: substitution of tax payment for profit delivery费改税: transform administrative fees into taxes配套资金: counterpart funds。

报告作文模板英文翻译格式

报告作文模板英文翻译格式

报告作文模板英文翻译格式英文回答:Outline for a Report。

I. Introduction。

Topic sentence: State the purpose of the report.Background information: Provide context and introduce the subject.II. Body。

Main point 1: Discuss the first key point.Supporting evidence: Provide data, research, or examples to support your claim.Main point 2: Discuss the second key point.Supporting evidence: Provide additional data, research, or examples to support your claim.... (Continue with additional main points as needed)。

III. Conclusion。

Summarize the main points of the report.State the conclusion or recommendation based on the evidence presented.Optional: Suggest future research or action steps.IV. References。

List sources used in the report, using the appropriate citation style.Example Body Paragraph:Main Point 1: The Impact of Climate Change on Coastal Ecosystems。

医院作文模板英语翻译

医院作文模板英语翻译

医院作文模板英语翻译英文回答:The Hospital: A Place of Healing and Hope。

The hospital is a place of healing and hope, where people come to receive medical care and treatment for their illnesses and injuries. Hospitals are equipped with the latest medical technology and staffed by highly trained medical professionals, who work together to provide the best possible care for their patients.Hospitals offer a wide range of services, including emergency care, surgery, medical imaging, and rehabilitation. They also provide specialized care for patients with specific conditions, such as cancer, heart disease, and diabetes.The hospital environment can be stressful for patients and their families, but the staff is there to providesupport and comfort. They work to create a healing environment that helps patients recover from their illnesses and injuries.Hospitals play a vital role in the healthcare system, and they are essential for providing quality medical care to the community.Key Features of a Hospital。

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目录Housing Consumption and Economic Growth in China (2)住房消费和经济增长在中国 (10)摘要 (10)关键词: (10)一、介绍 (11)二、方法 (11)c .固定式测试 (12)d .协整检验 (12)E大肠误差修正模型(ECM)[6] (13)f.格兰杰因果关系检验 (13)三、应用程序和结果 (14)a .数据和变量 (14)b .固定式测试 (14)e系列是平稳序列 (14)d .误差修正模型 (14)四、结论 (15)引用 (15)Housing Consumption and Economic Growthin ChinaWang XJ (Wang Xijun)School of Economics & Management, Weifang University of China,xjwang69@Abstract:Consumption is a very important part in social reproduction, and its driving effect on social economic growth always plays the leading role. Housing is the basic living material which is essential for people‟s life; housing consumption is the important material condition for the labor force reproduction. This study, based on China‟s statistical data from 1985 to 2007,by employing co-integration theory, Granger causality test and error correction model (ECM),respectively investigates the relationship between consumption, housing consumption and economic growth. The empirical result denotes that there exists bilateral Granger causality relationship between consumption and economic growth. For a long period, there exists long term stable equilibrium relationship between GDP, consumption, and housing consumption; consumption and housing consumption both promote the growth of GDP. Housing consumption‟s contribution to the growth of GDP is obviously higher than consumption. For a short period, consumption spurs the growth of GDP more than housing consumption.Keywords:Housing consumption; Economic growth;Co-integration ; ECM; Granger causality testI. INTRODUCTIONConsumption is a very important part in social reproduction, and its drivingeffect on social economic growth always plays the leading role. Housing is the basic living material which is essential for people‟s life; housing consumption is the important material condition for the labor force reproduction. In the period of planned economy, China‟s housing consump tion was strictly controlled by the state, carrying out practicality distribution. With the development of market economy, the government of China formally cancelled the policy of welfare housing in 1998 and carried out that of currency housing, putting forward the plan of fostering housing industry into consumption hotspot and economic growth point. Housing consumption gradually becomes the new consumption hotspot; thus it has been the research focus of academic field and the governments of all levels. Theoretically, housing consumption belongs to the research category of consumption economics. Scholars abroad carry out their research on residents‟ housing consumption behavior mainly by …income hypothesis‟ consumption function model. But the research of scholars abroad is based on western developed market economy system; China is still on the stage of gradually perfecting market economy system: especially the real estate market has not fully developed, housing price is persistently increasing, and residents‟ income grows slowly. On such background, doing research on housing consumption, Chinese scholars cannot blindly take in foreign research approaches and research ideas. We must take domestic actual situation into consideration and critically use foreign research approaches and research ideas for reference and take them in. Presently, Chinese scholars‟ research on housing consumption focuses on housing consumption credit, housing consumption behavior, housing consumption affecting factors, housing system reform and so on. Besides, the research is mostly qualitative and lacks the research results of housing consumption and economic growth. As the foreign research is comparatively beyond China‟s present economic growth, it is hard to apply in China; some domestic research is not systematic and devoid of theoretic depth. Therefore, this paper, based on China‟s statistical data from 1985 to 2007, investigates the relationship between housing consumption and economic growth by employing co-integration theory, Granger causality test and error correction model (ECM).II. METHODSThe purpose of empirical analysis in this paper is to test the relationship between housing consumption and economic growth by means of cointegration technique. Cointegration technique is a new one which is applied to dynamic models‟ enactment, estimation and verification. It mainly analyzes the nonstationarity of time series, build nonstationary variable economic model, and explore the long run equilibrium relationship between nonstationary variables. Firstly, the paper has the stationary test of time variable series; secondly, the paper tests the cointegration relationship between the variables; thirdly, the paper builds error correction model, which can not only examine the long run relationship between variables, but also examine the short run cause and effect relationship; finally, the paper make a further test and analysis of cause and effect relationship between time variable series involved in cointegration relationship.C. Stationary testThe time series data of many economic indicators do not have the feature of stable process. For the time-series data formed in nonstationary process, traditional mathematical statistics and econometrics methods seem powerless. Besides using sequential autocorrelation analytic chart, modern econometrics judges the stationarity of time series by a more formal approach, that is, to have statistical tests. Unit root test is one of the statistical tests which is universally applied. This approach judges the stationarity of a certain time series through judging whether it has roots of unity. Commonly used hypothesis testing approaches include DF test, ADF test and PP test. This paper, by employing ADF test, gives a stationarity test of time series. ADF test is achieved by Dickey and Fuller who improved DF test to ensure the characteristic of leuco-noise of random interference item[1].D. Cointegration testIn the domain of economy, previous modeling technique has hypothesis of dynamic stationarity, and empirical analysis based on time series assumes that time series is stationary. While in fact, economic time series is usually nonstationary. Engleand Granger(1987) point that if the linear combination of two nonstationary time series is stationary, the two nonstationary time series have a co-integration relationship, that is, the two series have a common time tendency, so it can be viewed that there exists a long-run equilibrium relationship[3]. Therefore, we can apply co-integration test approach to test whether there exists the long-term equilibrium co-integration relationship between series. Presently, co-integration test methods mainly include Engle-Granger‟s two-stage Co-integration test and Johansen Co-integration test. Engle-Granger Co-integration test was put forward by Engle and Granger, which only takes the bivariant process into account, and this process can merely possess nought or only one co-integration vector. While Johansen Co-integration test was first put forward by Johansen and Juselius, which is applied to test the co-integration relationship between multivariables by using maximum likelihood estimation in vector autoregression system[4][5].This paper, by adopting Engle-Granger‟s two-stage Co-integration test method, has a co-integration test of time series. The steps of Engle-Granger‟s two-stage test method go as follows: Step 1: use common least square method (OLS) to estimate the long-term static regression equation and calculate non- equilibrium error. Step 2: use ADF statistics test to estimate the stationarity of the residual error series. If the residual error series is estimated to be stationary, it suggests there exists a co-integration relationship between Variables.E. Error correction model(ECM)[6]Error correction model was firstly adopted by Sargon, and then its application was promoted by Herdry, Anderson and Davidson. The main purpose of the initial application of error-correction model is to set up short-term dynamic model so as to make up for the shortcomings of long-term static model. It can reflect the mechanism of the short-term deviation to long-run equilibrium as well as the long-run equilibrium relationship between different time series. In recent years, error-correction method has become one of the prevailing analyzing methods in applying economic measurement time series model. Adopting the method of error-correction model can, through itslong-term equilibrium item, concentratively displays the modification mechanism of explained variables to non-equilibrium, driven by the long-term equilibrium rule in economic theory. Meanwhile, as there does not usually exist remarkable statistic relativity between short-term dynamic perturbation item and long-term equilibrium item, thus we can make an economic explanation respectively. Because so long as we explain there is a co-integration relationship between variables and explained variables, there surely exists the only Granger-causality relationship, to set up models by applying error-correction method won‟t result in …false regression”, as is usually shown in traditional economic measurement model building, therefore, it can clearly reveal the mechanism of action between economic variables.F. Granger causality testBased on error correction model (ECM), we can apply Granger causality test to have a test of both long-term and short-term cause and effect relationship. Granger causality test was put forward by Granger (1969)[7] and Sims (1972)[8], with its basic idea that the predictive validity of the variable Y under the condition of including the past information of the variables X and Y is superior to that of only considering the past information of Y, that is, the variable X helps to explain Y‟s future variation, so X is the Granger-causality of Y, or else it is called non-Granger-causality.III. APPLICATION AND RESULTA. Data and variablesThe samples used for the paper analysis all come from annual data from 1985 to 2007, and the data are all from China Statistical Yearbook of every year. In this paper, GDP stands for the level of economic growth, C stands for the value of consumption, and HC stands for the value of housing consumption. In order to eliminate ill effects of inflation, this paper amends GDP, C and HC by using CPI index; in order to eliminate heteroskedasti city in time series, this paper transforms variables according to natural logarithm, and the cointegration relationship between original series aftertransformation does not alter. The logarithmic forms of variables are ln GDP, ln C and ln HC. Besides data processing is fulfilled on a computer by means of software Eviews5.1[9][10].B. Stationary testBefore making a cointegration analysis, we must have a unit root test of series to see whether the series is stationary. As shown in Table Ⅰ[11]. It is known from Table 1 that ln GDP, ln C and ln HC are non-stationary; after the first order difference, they become stationary. It is obvious that these three series both belong to first order integration I (1).C.Test results show that the statistic of ADF test ofthe residual error series e equals -2.5726, less than the critical value of 5%, which equals -1.9572. Accordingly, we consider the estimated residual error series e to be stationary series, which indicates there is a coin tegration relationship between variables ln GDP, ln C and ln HC. It is known from Model 1 that for a 120 long period, whenever consumption increases by 1%, GDP will decrease by 0.1815%; whenever housing consumption increases by 1%, GDP will increase by 0.3941%.D. Error correction modelAs there exists a cointegration relationship between variables ln GDP, ln C and ln HC, we can build error-correction model (ECM). The model follows. 0.0027 0.6484 ln 0.1096 ln 0.3009 1 ln ˆ −Δ = + Δ + Δ −t t t GDP C HC E (5) (0.0164)(0.1557) (0.0490) (0.1580) R2 = 0.6636 , Adj−R2 = 0.6076 , DW=0.791,F =11.8371 Model 5 has had the significance test, and the symbols of variables are comparatively cosistent with those of long run equilibrium relationship; the regression coefficient of error correction item Et-1 has passed the significance test and the coefficient of error correction is negative value, according with reverse correction mechanism. It is shown from Model 5 that for a shor period, GDP is affected by consumption and housing consumption in the positive direction, but the impact is low.IV. CONCLUSIONThe conclusions of the study are as follows:1) Granger causality test shows that there exists bilateral Granger causality relationship between consumption and economic growth when the lag of each variable is 2, while there does not exist Granger causality relationship between housing consumption and economic growth. Consumption influences the growth of GDP, and the growth of GDP also influences the increase of consumption.2) For a long period, there exists long term stable equilibrium relationship between GDP, consumption, and housing consumption; consumption and housing consumption both promote the growth of GDP. Housing consumption‟s contribution to the growth of GDP is obviously higher than consumption. Whenever consumption increases by 1%, GDP will increase by 0.1815%; whenever housing consumption increases by 1%, GDP will increase by 0.3941%. For a short period, consumption spurs the growth of GDP more than housing consumption. Whenever consumption increases by 1%, GDP will increase by 0.6484%; whenever housing consumption increases by 1%, GDP will increase by 0.1096%.3) From the above tests and analysis, we can conclude that, for a long period, housing consumption‟s contribution to the growt h of GDP is obviously higher than consumption. Therefore, in order to improve residents‟ living standard and transform China‟s economic growth manner, the government urgently need to take a series of policiesand measures to enforce housing consumption‟s driving effect on economic growth, thus establishing economic growth mode based on consumption.REFERENCES[1] D. A. Dickey and W. A. Fuller. “Distribution of the estimators for autoregressive time series with a unit root”[J]. Journal of american statistic al association,1979, 74: 427-431.[2] Li Zi-nai and Pan Wen-qing. “Econometrics ” [M]. Higher Education Press, 2005.(in Chinese)[3] R. F. Engle and C. W. J. Granger. “Cointegration and error correction: Representation, estimation, and testing”[J]. Econo metrica, 1987, 55:251-276.[4] S. Johansen, Estimation and hypothesis testing of cointegration vectors in Gaussian vector autoregressive models[J], Econometrica, 1991, 59,1551-1580.[5] S. Johansen, Statistical analysis of cointegration vectors[J], Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 1988, 12, 231-254.[6] Stephen Malpezzi, A simple error correction model of house prices[J], Journal of Housing Economics, 1999.8:27-62.[7] C. W. J. Granger, Investigating causal relations by econometric models and cross-spectral methods[J], Econometrica,1969, 37: 424-438. 121[8] C. A. Sims, Money, Income and causality[J], American Economic Review, 1972, 62: 540-542.[9] Eviews 5.0 Command and programming reference, Quantitative Micro Software, 2004.[10] Eviews 5.0 Use r‟s guide, Quantitative Micro Software, 2004.[11] Yi Dan-hui, Data analysis and Eviews application[M], China Statistics Press. 2002. (in Chinese)Author BiographyWang Xijun, male, CUMT, Doctor‟s degree, School of Economics & Management of Weifang University, instructor, real estate economics, 149 Dongfengdong Street, Weifang, Shandong, 261061住房消费和经济增长在中国小王XJ(王Xijun)经济学院和管理、潍坊大学、中国xjwang69@摘要消费是一个非常重要的部分社会再生产,其驾驶影响社会经济增长总是扮演主角。

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