畜牧兽医专业英语课件

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兽医专业英语(扬州大学)lesson thirteen.ppt

• The lymph nodes are the sites where B and T cells respond to antigens that are collected by the lymph draining peripheral tissues. Lymphocytes in the spleen respond to bloodborne antigens. Both lymph nodes and spleen are organized into B cell areas (follicles) and T cell areas (parafollicular zones). The T cell areas are also the sites of residence of mature dendritic cells, which are accessory cells specialized for the activation of naïve T cells. Follicular dendritic cells reside in the B cell areas and serve to activate B cells during humoral immune responses to protein antigens. The development of secondary lymphoid tissue architecture depends on cytokines.
• Accessory cells function to promote the activation of lymphocytes and to perform effector functions that may be enhanced by humoral or cell-mediated adaptive immune responses. Accessory cells include mononuclear phagocytes, dendritic cells, and follicular dendritic cells.

畜牧专业英语

pig 猪pig bladderworm disease 钩囊尾幼病pig brooder 仔猪保育器pig cysticercosis 钩囊尾幼病pig enterovirus 猪肠道病毒pig grippe 猪列性感冒pig influenza 猪列性感冒pig manure 猪粪肥pig metastrongylidosis 猪肺虫病pig paratyphus 猪副伤寒pig pest 猪疫pig phlyctenosis 猪水泡病pig scour 猪痢疾pig trichinellosis 猪旋毛虫症pig trichinosis 猪旋毛虫症pig variola 猪痘pig vesicle disease 猪水泡病pig weed 藜pigeon 鸽pigeon pox 鸽痘pigeon variola 鸽痘piggy 仔猪piglet 仔猪piglet eczema 仔猪湿疹pigling 仔猪pigment 色素pigmentation 色素沉着pigmentation disorder 色素沉着障碍pigsty 猪舍pile driver 打桩机piled canal 砌石渠道pileus 菌盖pilidium 帽状幼虫piliferous 有毛的pilot experiment 中间试验abiogenesis 自然发生abiosis 死亡abiotic 非生物的abiotic factor 非生物因素ablactation 断乳ablation 切断术ablepharia 无睑ablution 清洗abnormal egg 异常卵abnormal estrus 异常发情abnormal high temperature 异常高温abnormal ovum 异常卵子abnormal spermium 异常精子abnormal value 异常值abomasitis 皱胃炎abomasum 第四胃aboral 反口的aboral pole 反口极abomasitis[,æbə'meisaitis]acalcerosis[ə,kælsə'rəusis] 详细»n. 缺钙，缺钙症网络释义┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈缺钙症缺钙achromatin[ə'krəumətin] 详细»n. 【生物学】非染色质网络释义┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈非染色质非染色质非染色质acoustic 听觉的acoustic nerve 听神经acoustic vesicle 听囊acoustical 听觉的acquired 后天获得的acquired character 后天性状acquired immunity 后天性免疫active pore 活性孔隙active substance 活性物质active transport 织运输activity 活性actomyosin 肌动球蛋白acuariosis of chicken 鸡胃虫病acupuncture 针刺术ac（转载自第一范文网，请保留此标记。

畜牧兽医专业英语

Embryo Transfer
The process of transferring embryos from one animal to another
Vocabulary related to veterinary medicine and vaccinVeetserinary Diagnostics
02
Professional English vocabulary for animal husbandry and veterinary medicine
Vocabulary related to animal diseases
Infectious Diseases
Tuberculosis, Pneumonia, Salmonellosis, Ringworm, Distemper
Learning Methods for Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Professional English
• Specialized Textbooks: It is recommended to use English textbooks or translated materials that are specifically designed for animal husbandry and veterinary medicine to ensure accuracy and authentication of language usage
Professional English for Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine
目录
• Overview of English for Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine

兽医专业英语

猪繁殖与呼吸综合症（porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome，PRRS）-highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome HPRRS
猪传染性胃肠炎（transmissible gastroenteritis of pigs，TGE）猪流行性腹泻（porcine epidemic diarrhea，PED）鸡传染性支气管炎（infectious bronchitis，IB）
死亡率mortality发病率morbidity
猪伪狂犬（porcine pseudorabies）传染性喉气管炎（infectious laryngotracheitis，ILT）
鸡马立克氏病（marek’s disease，MD）鸭瘟（duck plague）猪瘟（swine fever）
猪细小病毒病（Porcine parvovirus infection）猪圆环病毒感染（porcine circovirus infection）
鸡传染性贫血（chicken infectious anemia）禽白血病（avian leukosis）
网状内皮组织增生症（reticuloendothelisis，RE）传染性法氏囊病（infectious bursal disease，IBD）狂犬病（rabies）牛流行热（bovine epizootic fever）
持续性感染persistent infection顿挫性感染abortive infection消散型感染dispersed infection混合感染co-infection急性感染acute infection接触感染contact infection

兽医专业英语

Lesson four MuscleIt is helpful to know that smooth muscle presents an overall dull,pink appearance in hematoxylin and eosin preparations,while fibers of the connective tissue are considerably more retractile and appear bright pink and shiny by comparison.用苏木精和伊红染色的平滑肌整个显现暗淡的粉红色；相比之下，结缔组织纤维更收缩自如，显现鲜亮的粉红色且有光泽，知道这些（对鉴别）是有帮助的。

Collagenous fibers of tendons insert into invaginations at the ends of the muscle cell,anchoring the tendon to an external lamina,which is adherent to the sarcolemma.肌腱的胶原纤维插入肌细胞末端的凹入处，将肌腱固定在紧贴肌纤维膜的外部薄层上。

Lesson five SkinThe skin covers the body and protects it against injury ;it plays an important part in temperature control and enables the animal to respond to various external stimuli by virtue of its many nerve endings.皮肤覆盖于身体表面并保护身体免受损伤；他在体温调节方面其重要作用而且通过他的许多神经末梢而是动物对各种外界刺激发生应答。

Although the skin is generally closely molded to the underlying structures, it appears redundant in some areas, forming folds and creases;some folding allows for change in posture ,some is an adaptation to increase the area through which heat may be dissipated to the environment.虽然皮肤通常是紧贴住皮下的组织，但在有些部位皮肤松弛有褶皱而显得多余。

兽医专业英语

农 practice, teaching, research, government service,
业大
public health, military service, private industry, and
学 other areas.
动
物
医
学
院
18
2021/1/22
Roles of Veterinarians in Human and Animal Health
物
医 semicoma（半昏迷）, semiantigen（半抗原）;
学
院
9
2021/1/22
科技英语的特点
ENGLISH FOR SUTDENTS OF VETERINARY SCIENCE
句法
大量使用被动语态。科技英语使用被动语态可以使描述减
湖
南少主观色彩，增强客观性，而且通过隐去人称主语而使句
科技英语的特点
➢ 大量使用名词或名词短语。
Infection of humans with nematodes of the genus Ascaris
湖（蛔虫）is of major public health importance in a range of
南 countries and affects millions of people.
湖
不能急于求成，要有打持久战的准备
南农
具备较好的专业基础知识
业大
熟练掌握专业词汇的构词法
学动
掌握好专业词干
物医
了解科技英语的基本特征
学
院
15
2021/1/22
ENGLISH FOR SUTDENTS OF VETERINARY SCIENCE

畜牧兽医专业英语

畜牧兽医专业英语Specialized English for Veterinary Medicine讲稿院系: 动物医学院任课教师: 姚宝安授课对象: 动物科技2002级1-4班动物医学2002级1-4班总学时: 402005前言Preface按照大多数高等院校兽医本科专业的教学计划及培养目标，在畜牧兽医本科专业学生完成2年基础英语学习的基础上，一般于三年级第一学期开设《畜牧兽医专业英语》(English for Students of Animal Science and V eterinary Medicine)选修课程。

有的高等农业院校也给硕士研究生开设《畜牧兽医专业英语》。

该课程的教学目的与要求是：学生通过本门课程的学习，达到借助专业词典等工具书能熟练阅读畜牧兽医专业英语书刊并掌握畜牧兽医专业文献英译汉、汉译英的基本技能。

本课程重点阐述了动物科技和动物医学的科技英语阅读和翻译的基础知识、科技英语的特殊性、科技词汇的基本结构和构词法、动物科技和动物医学科技英语论文及摘要的撰写、参考文献引录; 以及动物科技和动物医学相关的英语文章, 包括动物科技、动物医学基础知识和专业知识。

Chapter 1 General of English for Science and Technology Section 1 The important of Study Englishfor Science and T echnology1.1 Foreign languages for Science and Technology is a individual subject Foreign languages for Science and TechnologyLanguages for special Purposes ( LSP)English for Science and TechnologyEnglish for Special Purposes (ESP)1.2 The important of Foreign languages for Science and T echnology 1.3 Request of study in Foreign languages for Science and Technology 1.3.1 Study English book and magazine using dictionaryTranslation English book and magazine using dictionaryKnow how to write abstract for English paper1.4 Study methods of English for Science and T echnology1.4.1 Understand study aim and plane1.4.2 Study methods1.4.3 Mastery the pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar Pseudotuberculosis Pseudo-tuberculo-sisImmunoassay Immuno-assayImmunochemical Immuno-chemical1.4.4 Reading methodsSection 2 The formation and development of several foreignlanguage in normal using in the world2.1 The major language in the worldThere are 2700 nationality and 5651 languages, but there are not words in three fourth. There are 500 languages studied by philologist.There are 70 different kind words published in foreign countries.English 60%German 11%Russian 11%France 7%Japanese 3%Spanish 2% Others 8%2.2 The origin and development of several major languagesin India and Europe希腊东希腊文斯拉夫文俄文腓尼基文古希腊文法语西希腊文拉丁文意大利语西班芽语英语日尔曼语德语2.3 The significance of study foreign languages for science and technology from study languages in India and EuropeSection 3 The general character and individual character in English for science and technology and public English3.1 The general character in English for science and technology and public EnglishThe English for science and technology is the branch of general English. The basic words are come from general English. The grammar is as same as general English.3.2 The difference of English for science and technologyand public English3.2.1 The character of comma language in English for science and technology. The meaning of vocabulary is proprietary and stabilitydo, make, takeThere is no feeling in English for science and technologyThere are no figure of speech, overstate and parallelismIt is a written language3.2.2 The characteristic of vocabulary in English for science and technology. International There are 70% vocabulary come from Latin and Greece in medicine and veterinary.. Using normative written verbdiscover(find out) observe (look at).Using derivative adjectiveverb add -able, -ed, -ing, -ivebreath breathing, breathed, breather, breathlessnoun add -al, -ic, -iouselectron electronic, electropolar, electropositive3.2.3 The character of grammar structure in English for science and technology1) Using noun and word groupThe title of paper(1)Methods of detecting drug-resistance in chicken coccidian(2)The pathway of cell death induced by lead in Wish cells(3)Establishment of a Radiorecepter Assay (RRA) capable ofmeasuring serum bioactive LH/CG in a wide variety of species 2) Using passive voiceThe Toxplasma gondii infection were found in animals as early as in 1950s in Fujian province of China. During the next twenty-odd years much progress was made and more than 100 papers were published.3) Using participle and non-predicate as adjective(1) The sounds heard in the heart are due to the closing of the valves.(2) A zoonotic disease is defined as a disease shared by animals and humans.4) Using more than two clause(1)Such use as we are able to make of helpful bacteria and such controlas we have of harmful ones depend upon our knowledge of theirhabits.(2)Water provided to the hogs was sampled and soil from the site of mostrecent slurry spread was collected.5) Using it as antecedence subject(1)It makes no difference to take this medicine before or after meals.(2)It can be concluded that bovine embryo recloning is similar to theembryos cloning except for the embryo’s low in vitro d evelopment ability.6) Using preposition word groupThese cases are grouped by the severity of the disease.7) Using as guidance active and positive sentencesAs the illustration showsAs has been statedAs followsChapter 2 Three basic of English for science and technology Pronunciation vocabulary grammarSection 1 PronunciationSection 2 Word-formation in words of science and technology2.1 The derivational expansion of general English words2.1.1 The basic general wordsBasic words : 3500-4500Morpheme (word element), basic words: prefix, stem, suffixThe basic Chinese words : 3500There are only 2900 different Chinese words in Chairman Mao florilegium.2.1.2Formation of wordsNew words: skylab moonquake E-mailThere are three methods of formation words:1) CompoundingUsing two or more words form one new words.(1)Compound nounA. Noun + noun newspaper test-tube bookwormB. Adjective + noungreen-house White-house darkroomC. Gerund + nounSleeping-bag freezing-point working-tableD. V erb + nounGrindstone workshop sawdustE. Adverb + nounOutbreak overcoat overbridgeF. Pronoun + noun He-goat she-wolfG. V erb + adverbMake-up break-down get-togetherNoun + prepositionEditor-in-chief father-in law son-in-law(2)Compound adjectiveA.Adjective + nounFirst-hand second-hand low-temperature high-temperatureB. Adjective + Adjective light-blue red-hotC. Noun +Adjective color-blind world-wideD. Adjective + noun + ed (d) small-sized open-mindedE. Noun + participle man-made snow-coveredF. Noun + present participleMan-eating earth-shakingG. Adverb + participle far-reaching well-informedH. Adverb + preposition + nounUp-to-date out-of-dateI. Numeral + noun (+ed) five-year (plan) four-corneredJ. Adverb + adjective ever-green over-sensitiveK. Adjective + participle ready-made good-lookingL. Noun + noun + ed iron-willed strong-willed weak-willed (3) Compound pronounPronoun objective case or possessive pronoun + self (selves)Himself ourselvesIndefinite pronoun (some, any, no, every) + body (one, thing ) Everybody, anybody something, nothing(4) Compound verbA. Adverb + verb : overcome upholdB. Noun + verb sunbathe(5)compound adverbA. Noun + noun sidewaysB. Noun + adverb headfirstC. Adjective + noun meanwhileD. Preposition + noun before-head2) AffixationIt is called derivative method to change the meaning with prefix or suffix.A. Prefix can case the meaning change without change of parts of speech.Unfair, dislike, amoral, superman, cooperate, foretell, Bicycle, tricycle, pentagon, sexangleB.Suffix can case the change of parts speech, and sometimes themeaning of word changed.Piglet, armlet, friendship, happiness, childless3)ConversionParts of speech change(1) Noun turned to verb: form to form, heat to heat(2) Adjective turned to verb: slow to slow, direct to direct(3)Adjective turned to noun:Wounded the wounded, beautiful the beautiful(4) Adverb turned to verb: down to down2. The word of special purpose extension in vertical and horizontal1)The words of special purpose in vertical extension(1)The words from Greece and Latin word element50-70% English words are come from Greece and Latin.A.The compound method from Greece and Latin word elementsMany derivative words are compounded from more than threeword elementsPolyavitaminosis poly- a- vita- amin(o)- osisPolyuria polytrophy aminoacid acidosis leucocytosis Leucocyt(a)emiaB.One stem of organ can composed to new word with suffix of disease, symptom, skillterminologyorgan -algia -rragia -otomy -rrhaphy -plasty -it is -oma -osis -celeEntero- entero- entero- entero- entero- entero- entero- entero- entero- entero- algia rragia tomy rrhaphy plasty tis cele gastro- gastro- gastro- gastro- gastro- gastro- gastri- gastro- gastro- algia rragia tomy rrhaphy plasty tis sis celehepato hepatal- hepato- hepato- hepato- hepati- hepato- hepato- hepato- gia rragia tomy rrhaphy tis ma sis celeC.V ertical extension in some hematology noun terminologyhaemocytoblastmyelo- myeloblastlympho- -blast lymphoblastmono- monoblastmegacaryoblasterythro- erythroblastpro- + myelo + cyte promyelocytemeta- + myelo + cyte metamyelocyteFurthermore, above mentioned the cell words can added with other suffix , e.g. –blast(o)osis, -cytohaemia, -oma etc.2)The character of Greece and Latin and rule of synthesis(1)The morphem of Greece and Latin is as same as common Englishword structure, and it is divided into prefix, root and suffix.A.Prefix: Greece and Latin preposition, number or word derivatione.g. a- aleukia, anti- antibody, dys- dyscontrol,B. Root: Greece and Latin words changee.g. entero- enterotoxin, thoraco- thoracotomy,haemo- haemorrhagiaC.Suffix: Greece or Latin suffix or word changeD.e.g. –itis enteritis, -osis babesiosis, -tomia enterostomy(2) Divided into primary word derivative and compound wordsPrimary word: entero-, stoma-Derivative word: primary + prefix or suffixanti- + toxinum antitoxinCompound word: compound from two or more wordsHaemo- + thorax haemothorax(3) The major rule of formation and connection in stemA. Stem and prefix mostly come from single meaningTake off the suffix of single meaning word , if the end of word is consonant, it need s to connect ―o‖. But if it is vowed, it does not need to change. But spleen is coming from Greece spleen, the suffix is needing to add ―o‖ , splenoo-.B. When the stem has prefix, there is a vowel in front of the stem, the vowel is taken out in the end of prefix . If there is a vowel in front of the stem, the vowel is kept.Enter (o) + it is, ―o‖ meet ―i‖, take out ―o‖ enteritisEntero + rrhagia, ―o‖ meet ―r‖, keep ―o‖ enterorrhagiaC. If ―o‖ take out , two consonant add ―o‖, it is difficult to know the stem, adding ―-‖ in the middle.Chondro-osteodystrophia, intra-abdominalD. gastro- + -enter(o)- +-it is, ―o‖ meet with ―e‖, keep ―o‖ gastroenteritis2) Come from general English words with new meaningenergy, base, normal, cell3) New words(1)Compound new words from Greece and Latinatom, a + tomos , bicycle (bicyclette France)(2)Condensation from first wordLaser Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation Rader Radio Detection and Ranging(3)Compound from head and tail of wordsTransfer + resistor transistor, Positive + electron positron (4)Take part word instead of whole wordGram-molecular-weight mole or mol(5)Change wordTelevision televise, laser lase , diagnosis diagnose (6)Reverse the wordFrequency quefrency, filter lifter(7)Condensation wordAtom-bomb a-bomb, undersea boat u-boat(8)Condensation of LatinEt al. (et alifi), e.g. (exampli gratia), ie. (id est)2. Horizontal extension of special wordsUsing Greece and Latin stem1)Latin For the name of animal, plant, microorganism, parasites anddrugs etc.Nephritis haemorrhagicaaa, Bacillus mallei zopf,Natrium chloratum2)Translate to special words from Latin by different countries Avitaminosis (L. E. W.), Avitaminose(F. G. ), Avitaminosi(I.) Septicaemia haemorrhagica suum (L.)Haemorrhagic septicemia swine (E.)Septicemia (haemorphagique) du pore (F.)Haemorrhagische septikamie der schweigne (G.)3. Harf English wors and phrasse of Science and technologyIt means that using and meaning are changed from general English. Specimen, sample, germ, case, carrierSection 3 Grammar for English of science and technology1. Using passive voice One third verbs are using passive voice in English for science and technology. Because the article of science and technology are introduced the outcome and results.1)The sentence without personUsing passive voice is more confidence.Research was being done.Parasites have to be controlled. Parasites have controlled.2)expression the necessary and responsibilityThe instruments need to besterilized.There are several factors to be considered.3) Expression item, plan and aimThe results of research are to be published soon.The results of research are (was) published.4) Expression the probability and tendencyThese animals are liable to be attacked by germs.5) Expression the performer in passive voiceThe operation was performed by the surgeon.6) Expression the method and mannerThe solution is weakened by the addition of more water.7) The subject is animal, plant and other substanceDecay is accelerated by enzymes.8) Expression inverted sentence orderBy the addition of water, the solution is weakened2. Using noun and noun word group instead of verb or adjective noun> verb, preposition> adjective and adverbIf we compare Type A with Type B, we will find that Type A is more advantageous to our purpose.* A comparison of Type A with Type B shows that Type A has more advantageous to our purpose.3. Using more non-predicate verb phraseTo determine the number of cells, a sample is put under a microscope.The cell units were found to be filled with living substances.4. Using more participle as attributeThe quantity of oxygen liberated to atmosphere by growing vegetation is obviously very large.5. Using subjunctive moodBut for the heat of the sun (if there were no heat of the sun), nothing could live.6. Using fixture sentenceIt is ( or verb) + adjective(or noun) + that (clause)It is common knowledge that water is made from oxygen and hydrogen. Chapter 3 The style and structure of sentence in English for science and technologySection 1 Stylistics in English for science and technologyA. Chinese is different from English on oral expression.E.g. # I want to ask you a question.* I’d like to ask you a question.* May I ask you a question?B. Style in English is different from Chinese. The English for Science and technology has special individual character in word, grammar and structure of sentence.1. The structure of style is rigor, concision and briefness .1)We made a hole in a cork and pushed into a narrow glass tube. Then we pushed this into neck of a bottle which we had filled with coloredwater. When we did this some of the colored water went up into the tube. We marked the level of the colored water in the tube was marked. Then the bottle was placed into a pan of hot water.Almost immediately, the water level in the tube fell slightly, but then it started to rise until the water overflowed.* 2) After a hole was made in a cork, a narrow glass tube was inserted and the cork was inserted into neck of a bottle filled with colored water. On doing this, some of the colored water rose in the tube. The level of the colored water in the tube was marked. Then the bottle was placed into a pan of hot water.Almost immediately, the water level in the tube fell slightly, but then it started to rise until the water overflowed.2. The article of science and technology is strictness, refine, in focus and concision.1)This piece of metal expanded when it was heated. It will contractwhen cooled.Metals expand when heated and contract when cooled.2)The chick embryos are chopped up and are put into a jar, thenthey are poured into a large flask. An enzyme is added to break down the tissue.3)There is a choice in article for science and technologyA.Tin resists corrosion by air or water.B.Tin is resistant to corrosion by air or water.C.Tin has a resistance to corrosion by air or water. Section 2 Structure of sentence in English for science and technologyOne sentence has subject, predicate verb, object and modifier parts.The basic parts are subject and predicate. The modifier parts are attribute, adverbial and complement.3.Type of sentence1) Simple sentenceAll of us must learn Dr. Bethune.2)Compound sentenceAfter liberation the incidence of occupational and epidemic diseases has dropped remarkably, the general health condition of the workers has greatly improved.3)Complex sentenceThat China is a big country with all kinds of resources is well known. The question was whether it was common cold or influenza.We are know that red blood cells carry oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body.The air that animals breathe is a mixture of different gases.Every bit of food eaten must be dissolved in water before it can be absorbed and utilized.4)Members of the sentenceA.SubjectStreptomycin preparations can be administered by a variety of methods.B.Predicate verbOur country has a great future.First aid should always first be directed toward the control of haemorrhage. One of the functions of bone is to protect important organs.5)Predicative Most colds appear to be communicable.6)ObjectWe must hold ourselves responsible to the people.7)ComplementWe call the new method acupuncture anaesthesia.8)AttributeNormally, each beat of the heart cause a pulse in the arteries.9)AdverbialOn clinical examination no changes in the animal’s condition were found.4.Analysis of English for science and technologyTo find the subject, predicate ( how many ) and other parts.*e.g. In the early days of sea travel, seamen on long voyages lived exclusively on salted meat and biscuits. Many of them died of scurvy, a disease of the blood which causes swollen gums, livid white spots on the flesh and general exhaustion. scurvy: a disease (formerly common amongsailors) marked by blooding and caused by not eating fruit and vegetables (with vitamin C).livid: paleexhaustion: the state of being tired outChapter 4 Reading and translation of English for science and technologySection 1 Reading of English for science and technologyY ou must understand the article for reading.The basic require for reading: pronunciation, words and grammarThe method of reading:1)Extractive reading2)Extensive readingSection 2 Translation of English for science and technology1. The calibrate of translation: confidence, clarity and volubility1)Literal translation 2) Free translation2. The method of translation1)Understanding the words and sentencesFrom syntactical function to understand the meaningA.Though usually of a round shape, the nucleus may sometimes be elongated and rod-shaped, as in nonstriated muscle cells, or irregular in shape, as in some white blood corpuscles.B.An electron is an extremely small corpuscle with negative chargewhich rounds about the nucleus of an atom.C.The encouraging news soon got round.In making the rounds the medical workers attach great importance to the prevention of disease.Red rash developed round the neck in the wake of two day’s fever.2) The meaning of word according to article up and downIn recent reports of eight cases of viral hepatitis, four were seen with acute urticaria in the preicteric phase.Massive bleeding may not be brought under control in time. Such being the case, prompt operation is indicated.lFurther improvements in the instrumentation includes the fitting of a small case containing ultrafine motor.3) According to the partner of words known the meaninggeneral anesthesia,general check-up,general outline,general peritonitis,general pathology,general secretary4) Words change and extension e.g. we, you, theyWe have 365 days in a year. Y ou can never tell.They say it is so.The activity of this enzyme in these sites can be maintained at normal levels by sulfate feeding.2) Understand the sentence(1) Some times the members of sentence are ellipsis* Just think of the difficult.To think that you should fail. (2) Using it , thereIt requires heat to change water into gas.It is no use trying.It is the people that are really powerful.It is said that……It is thought that……It is declared that……It is supposed that……It is learned that……There are th ree kinds of bacteria in the tube.(3) Using parenthesisEven a slight lack of Vitamin C, for example, the vitamin most plentiful in fresh fruit and vegetables, is thought to increase significantly our susceptibility to colds and influenza.3) What kind of sentence(1)Simple sentenceOn meeting the ovum, the head of the spermatozoon penetrates it.(2)Compound sentenceIt has long been known to bacteria experts that the tubercle bacillus is the germ in milk which most strongly resists heat treatment.4) known the word order(1) Inverted word order in compound sentenceA. Only in our country can science serve the interest of the people.B. It has been roughly estimated that forty percent of animal’s diseases are the result of infection by bacteria.C. Nutritional experiments have made it evident that vitamins are indispensable for animal’s health and growth.D. The lymph vascular system differs from the blood vascular system in that it is not a circulatory system but simply a drainage system and possesses no pump.E. The truth is that men are developed from anthropoid apes.F. There is a little doubt that antibiotics particularly those of the broad spectrum, can be used to reduce secondary bacterial infection.(2) Inverted word order in passive sentenceA. Vitamin K is not absorbed from the upper intestine.verted word order in preposition sentenceShe treats sick animals with a needle(3) Separating sentence and adding some pronoun and conjunctionA nearby object falling into a black hole is never heard of a gain.4) Adding or reducing words(1)Adding wordsSome of the gases in the air are fairly constant in amount, while others are not.(2)Reducing wordsIn the course of the same year, anthrax broke out in that area.Microoganisms are so small that they cannot be seen at all with the naked eyes.5) Changing translationIt was not until 1959 that chemists succeeded in obtaining this compound.He can not read the book without a dictionary.6) expression true meaningThe heart lies between the lungs, more to the left side than to the right.7) Logic relationThere substances pass from the tissue fluid into the cells, while waste products pass in the opposite direction.8) Using Chinese customHe is too wise not to understand such things.Section 3 Translation for long and difficult sentencesEnglish sentence is longer than Chinese, especially using articlefor Science and technology.1) Analysis long sentence needs to find central words and sentence pattern.However great the joy with which he welcomed a new discovery in some theoretical science whose practical application perhaps it was as yet quite impossible to envisage, he experienced quite another kind of joy when the discovery involved immediate revolutionary changes in industry, and in historical development in general.2) Known the subject and predicate and separation sentenceTo separate long sentence for simple sentence and finding central words. Allergic r eactions may occur in a large percentage of normal individuals without evident hereditary predisposition.When a body which has a certain temperature becomes hotter, w e say that heat has been added to it.3) Known the relation parts of sentences by conjunctionW hile the process meets the presently accepted definitions of emphysema, it may be simply anatomic consequence of aging.Just as a disturbance in metabolism of one metabolite will affect all other metabolites, so a deficiency in the intake of one nutrient affect all others.There is little doubt that antibiotics, particularly those of the broad spectrum can reduce secondary bacterial infections.A s has already been mentioned above, patients differ in their tissue sensitivity.Aggressive dosage of penicillin as high as 40,000,000 units per day in the absence of untoward effects are required, which it can do only by applying ―push‖ doses.What has been found by necropsy is of almost importance.4) Translation of Modifier attached to subject and predicate(1)Attribute translation * cardiac failureThe advanced world levelsF rom the foregoing discussion a fair idea will have been gathered as to the factors responsible for this upset.F ood is t a ken in though the mouth, where it is chewed and mixed with saliva, then it passes down the esophagus to the stomach, where the food collects.(2) Adverbial translationOur finding suggest that the symptoms of chronic bronchitis begin early in life.Ca rotene which is a precursor of vitamin A can be given in such large amounts that it causes a yellowish discoloration of the skin which often is mistaken for jaundice.5) Translation for long sentence(1) Translation by order of sentence* Here the emphasis is on disease as a process, and an effort is made to explain the clinical picture by the pathological changes found in the tissue, not only in the surgical pathology laboratory, but, it may be, in the autopsy room, where the object is not merely to determine the cause of death, but to study the particular disease in all its aspects and various, and to correlate it with the signs and symptoms observed during life.(2) reverse translationAn increase in antibodies against the type of virus which caus ed the infection may be demonstrated seven to ten days after the onset of illness, the maximal antibody response is observed two to four weeks after onset.6)Renew and separating translationA number of investigations have reported the presence in the ser um of patients in the early stages of acute viral hepatitis of varying proportions (13-18%) of an antigen variously referred to as the Australia antigen, the SH antigen and the hepatitis antigens.Chapter 5 Writing abstract for English paperSection 1 writing title1.Title1) Simple and understandAn investigation into fatal cryptosporidiosis in beef cattle2)Using noun without predicateFactors affecting uterine and cervical involution in the cow and ewe3)Using whole sentence for title without periodD ietory cholesterol is co-carcinogenic for human colon cancer4)Interrogative sentence for title with note of interrogationHome or hospital births?Is treatment of borderline hypertension good or bad?5)Methods of written title:(1) Capital the first word of first denominator of title(2) Capital every word of first denominator of title without some empty word, article and three denominator word ( conjunction and preposition) but capital more than fore denominator word (with, from, after, before, during, against and between etc.)Outlook into the future: new perspectives to safeguard insecticidesThe Pathway of Cell Death Induced by Lead in Wish Cells2. SubtitleTo project some contains of paper e.g. cases, research method or different parts of long paper topic. The title and subtitle can separated by different size of words or colon.Abdominal pain in the emergency room: A study of 100 consecutive casesFatty liver syndrome in dairy cattle: A reviewFactors Affecting Uterine and Cervical Involution in the Cow and Ewe: I. Oestradiol-17β。

【英文精品课兽医临床诊疗课件】一般检查(二)

➢ Determination location（测定部位）
• cattle（牛）: arteria coccygeus media(尾中动脉) • equus (马属动物)：external maxillary artery (颌外动脉)
• swine/sheep/canine/cat: Femoral artery
V-II: pulse examination
➢ Determination method (方法):
I--III: Posture and Gait
➢ Determination precautions (注意事项): animal should be quiet may be substituted by heart beat when pulse is weak
➢ Determination precautions(注意事项): ➢ Pathological changes(病理变化)
Respiratory Frequency Increase
呼吸数增加
Respiratory Frequency Decrease
呼吸数减少
Revision Exercises
➢ Determination location（测定部位）
fluctuations of chest and venter (胸腹部的起伏)
exhalent airflow（呼出的气流）
breath sounds（呼吸音）
V-III: Respiratory Frequency Examination
canine(犬): 38.5-39.5℃ ; chicken(鸡): 40.0-42.0℃;
swine(猪): 38.0-39.5℃

兽医专业英语(扬州大学)l课件

兽医专业英语( 扬州大学) l 课件
兽医专业英语( 扬州大学)课件, 包括兽医的定义, 兽医的历史, 兽医专业的作用和义务, 动物福利和伦理。
导论︰兽医学简介
1 兽医学定义
介绍兽医学的定义和领域。
3 兽医学的职责
探讨兽医在兽医学领域中的作用和责任。
2 兽医学的历史
回顾兽医学的发展历程。
4 动物福利与伦理
题
讨论异国和野生动物医学中的伦理和法律问题。
介绍在兽医医学中常用的药物和药物治疗方法。
药物的副作用和毒性
介绍药物的副作用和毒性，以及如何预防。
药物的给药方法和剂量
探讨药物的给药方法，正确剂量的重要性。
替代疗法
讨论药物治疗之外的替代疗法。 Nhomakorabea公共卫生与人畜共患病
1
人畜共患病及其控制
介绍人畜共患病的种类和控制策略。
2
食品安全和检验
讨论食品安全和检验的重要性。
探讨兽医实践中的财务管理和会计。
沟通与客户关系
讨论兽医实践中的沟通和客户关系。
异国和野生动物医学
1 异国和野生动物医学原则
介绍异国和野生动物医学的基本原则。
3 常见疾病和情况
介绍异国和野生动物常见的疾病和情况。
2 异国动物的饲养和繁育
探讨异国动物的饲养和繁育方法。
4 异国和野生动物医学中的伦理和法律问
3
公共卫生政策和法规
探讨相关公共卫生政策和法规。
4
新兴疾病
讨论新兴疾病对公共卫生的挑战。
动物行为与福利
动物行为和学习动物的压力和攻击行为动物福利和伦理考虑兽医行为医学
兽医实践管理
小型动物兽医实践管理
探讨小型动物兽医实践的管理方法。

《畜牧兽医专业英语》PPT课件

Once being placed in the sun, an object becomes hot. 物体放置在太阳下会变热。
精品文档
2.1 Grammar Features
3) We must do various experiments before a new electronic product is designed. Before designing a new electronic product we must do various experiments.
If possible 如果可能 If so 倘若如此 When needed 必要时 Where feasible 在实际可行的场合 Where possible 在可能的情况下
申报国家奖项申请专利发表学术论文：85％以上的科技资料都是以英语形式出版的
(3) 国际交流合作专业英语表达、听说、应变能力
精品文档
Chapter 2 Features of Specialized English
第二章专业英语的特点
精品文档
2.1 Grammar Features 语法特点
① 动名词
✓用动名词短语取代时间从句或简化时间陈述句
1)The signal should be filtered before it is amplified. The signal should be filtered before being
a放mp大li信fi号ed前. ，应先对其进行滤波 2) An object becomes hot. It is placed in the sun.
主谓宾表骨干并列句主从复合句名词性从句定语从句状语从句主语从句表语从句宾语从句同位语从句不定式短语动名词短语分词短语形容词短语名词短语三英汉对比comparisonchinese1句子结构的差别differencessentence2词汇上的差别differencesvocabulary3主句和从句的次序不同differencemainclausesubordinateclause1句子结构的差别

兽医专业英语(扬州大学)l(1)

particularly the African Cape buffalo（非洲
水牛）, which is commonly found to be
infected with more than one of the SAT
virus types even in areas where foot-and-
2route of infection in ruminants(反刍动物) is through the inhalation of droplets（飞沫）, but ingestion of infected food, inoculation with contaminated vaccines, insemination with contaminated semen, and contact with contaminated clothing, veterinary instruments, and so on can all produce infection. In animals infected via the respiratory tract, initial viral replication occurs in the pharynx （咽）, followed by viremia spread to other tissues and organs before the onset of clinical disease.
曾经）in Australia. From 1880 onward,
the control of rinderpest （牛瘟）and the
improved husbandry in the livestock
industries in Europe focused attention on