英语听力速记笔记共41页共43页文档
最新英语四级备考：听力课堂笔记下
最新英语四级备考：听力课堂笔记下这篇关于英文口听力，是笔者特地为大家整理的，希望对大家有所帮助！交通工具(出现频率从高到低)plane / train(女) / bus / bike(女) / walk(女) / taxi (女)：女生比较喜欢tunnel / channel 隧道ring road 环线subway(美) / underground (英) 地铁metro 地道地铁underpass人行地道overhead 轻轨flyover 人行天桥mag –lev 磁悬浮take a taxi 乘出租车call a taxi 招出租车/订出租车catch a train / bus 赶火车/汽车电话场景mobile phone 手机pay phone 公用电话telephonebox/booth 电话亭yellow page 黄页dial (拨电话号码) / press (按电话号码) extension 分机operator 总机put~through 接通wrong number / there is no one by this name 电话号码错了/ 没有这个人is not in 不在?be not in hold on 不要挂断，稍等take/leave a message 留言hang up / get off 挂断credit call 记账式电话bill the call into the 3rd party 免费电话collect call 对方付费电话机场场景plane / craft 飞机book 订票timetable 时间表destination 目的地openticket one way ticket 单程票round trip ticket 来回票non-stop / direct flight 直航transfer / lay over / stop over 转机first / business / economy cabin 头等 / 商务 / 经济舱confirm the flight 确认航班check in 登记boarding card 登机牌security check 安检see off 送行。
听力笔记
每个section=conversation非学术+2个lecture5+12=17题十分钟听清，笔记，解题语速快连读：1.辅音和元音的连读run out of 用完fit it innot at allcall it a day 到此为止，结束2.元音和元音的连读[i]和[i:]结尾[u]和[u:]结尾3. 四组固定音变[d]+[j] zh[t]+[j] ch[s]+[j] sh[z]+[j] ri4. [h] 常不读出来Isn’t h e 妈呀，一人提？I just h ope that my old suit still fits.Just stick around h ereI f I s ee her 一fai希一二弱读：Want to wannaGoing to gonna失音：前一个辅音结尾，后一个相同辅音开头，只读一个Up-side down失爆：爆破音：[b][p][d][t][g][k]Blac kb oard练习方法：听三到五遍，听不出来就不听了。
划原文：把读音规则划出来T+n t失爆跟读和模仿听力中有询问，请求，邀请，就重点听提供下一个人说话的思路I doubt you are right.我认为你是不对的doubt 本身具有否定意义I suspect you are right. 我怀疑你是对的类似的neither,hardly,skip 都有否定意义短对话练习（15-20）长对话练习Neither B unusual yet wear ing see B go awayD want to kidding report C really like but good afternoon四课结束 3.4生词：warm up 天气变热热身运动nearly almost 几乎（表示没有完成）barely 表示已经完成了，但是超过的部分不多停顿之后是考点Assign 分配指派转折之后是考点but howevercalculator 计算器distribute 分配散步course 进程，过程，道路，一道菜toothache headache backache stomachache得病类词语get/catch a cold 感冒get/catch a fever 发烧flu 流行感冒bird flu 禽流感be laid up with/come down with 得了…病make an appointment 预约prescription 处方prescription medicine 处方药otc 非处方药pin 密码atm 自动取款机take 吃药to be taken with meals only 表示饭后服用to be taken with empty stomach 表示饭前服用appetite 胃口go away 病自己会好,前面最好用it,不要拿人做主语，用pass也可以auditorium 礼堂，会堂，观众席no kidding! 一点也不假标志词：Let’s…表示建议If ….. 表示条件Just…..表示建议Maybe….表示建议,表的了不确定性Remember…表示强调That is very important 之类的Gas 表示的是gasoline的简写表示汽油My car is in the shop again.shop=repair shopI’ve get a big ticket today 今天又得到了一张交通罚单。
英语听力笔记总结
用餐场景 Book ,make a reservation,eat out Hungry,starvery,thirsty Look at long waiting line Have it here or take away? Menue ,order Appetizer 开菜 ,salad 沙拉, soap 汤 Main course/entree 主菜 Steak Well down 8 Medium well 6-7
难有用 想要买他的书，书却卖完了
英语笔记总结
考试 quiz 随常小测 review/go over 复习 特点： 男挂女过
基本原则： 学习至上（四个选项中只有一个是关于学习的，其他不是） 男邀女，女拒男----学习 女邀男，男拒男----学习 男紧张，女从容
get on with=get along with run into 闯入/偶遇突然碰到 fellowship TH 助教 RH 助研 make a mess sit/stay up late/into the night get the key of 掌握。。的窍门
英语笔记总结
找工作： job-hunting ,headhunt 猎头 job-hopping 跳槽 resume(简历)=CV apply for , application/request from 申请表格 cover letter=P.S=personal statement 个人简介 interviewer interviewee； offer(n.,v.)工作机会 resign , quit, give up 房子---工作 找工作 job-hopping←男人（一般男人找工作）因为家庭，家庭原因是因为新生婴儿的诞 生（new arrirol） travel agency... travel allowance 出差补助
听力笔记
听力笔记一、基本概况：1、听力占全卷比例的35%，其中：11-18 小对话 19-25 长对话 26-35短文听力 36-45 复合式听写2、几个本部分的专概念解释：A、视听反向原则：听到什么选什么（非常规用法，适用于11-18题小对话）B、视听一致原则：更多单词或者短语被读到的选项为正确选项（适用于19-35题），一般用法是视听一致+同义替换C、单词地雷：必须要会读会写的单词例如：restaurant， schedule，colleague3、必须掌握历年四级考试真题中复合听写中所有的单词4、四级听力中的20个核心词汇：assignment 作业任务 abandon comfirm 确认 speeding 超速行驶resume 恢复：简历 atmosphere 气氛；大气层 profession 专业architecture saint 圣人 to let 出租 power off 停电episode 一片段；一集 oxygen 氧气 promotion 推销；升职regret 后悔 manual 手工的；手册，说明书 complaintedious 乏味的 sophomore 大二 overtake 超过5、freshman 大一 sophomore 大二 junior 大三 senior 大四、二、场景分类常用词汇以及听力方法（一）医院场景1、地点：clinic 诊所 emergency room 急诊室 waiting room 候诊室2、人物：patient 病人；耐心的 dentist 牙医 physician 内科医生surgeon 外科医生3、动作：appointmeng 预约；约会 date （男女）约会 blind date 相亲Check (up)/examine 检查 examiner 考官4、病症：catch a cold fever/have a high temperatureHeadache toothache stomacheache sore throat 嗓子疼Heart attack/disease/condition 心脏问题Twisted and ankle 崴脚踝 black and bule 伤痕累累Mental illness/disorder 精神错乱 cancer 癌症Emotional problems 情绪问题5、治疗：treat 治疗 cure 治愈 pill/tablet 药片 take therr pillsTake an injection 打针 be in hospital/be hosptialized 住院Operation 手术 recover 痊愈 beyond cure 没治了a narrow escape 死里逃生 die/pass away 去世（二）校园场景On/off campus 在/不在校园 teaching/researching assistant 助教Lecturer 讲师 literature 文学 professor 教授 profession 专业President 校长 dean 系主任 graduate 毕业生 underguaduate 本科在读生Postgraduate 研究生 postdoctor 博士后 graduate school 研究生院Term/semester 学期 academic year 学年 optional course 选修required course 必修 seminar/group discussion 研讨会hard/difficult/tough 困难的，棘手的 complicate 复杂的 too fast 太快stong accent 重口音 assignment 作业 paper 论文 essay 短文 presentation 展示book list/report low/high score 低分/高分 full marks passing gradefale grade 没过 miss the class 逃课 miss the shuttle bus 错过校车literature 文学 architecture 建筑学 finance 金融学 economics 经济学philosophy 哲学 geography 地理学 psychology 心理学 psychologist 心理学家physics 物理学 politics 政治学 biology 生物学 biological生物学的（三）交通预定Have sth. Done book=reserve=make a reservation 预定 transfer 转机Booking office 售票处 delay 延迟 change=switch 改机 timetableTerminal终点站=destination one-way ticket round trip ticketFirst class 头等舱 business class 商务舱 economy class 经济舱Luggage/baggage 行礼 see sb. Off 送行 security check 安检Take off/depart 起飞，离开 departure n.离开 land=touch down 着陆Get off the plane 下飞机 airhostess 空姐 blanket 毯子 traffic jam 堵车Jam n./v. 堵车 speeding 超速行驶 police officer 交警 overtake 超车Violate 违反 traffic regulation 交通规则 fine 罚款 ticket signal 信号Crossroad 十字路口 fare 车费 job fair 招聘会 telephone rate 电话费Ⅰ、方法：1、小对话破解四步骤：A、选项逻辑分析法（不吝赞美，温柔批评）①对立选项保留②相似选项保留③绝对选项绝对不选:any,every,allB、关注回答的第一句But however well(第一个人有观点，第二个人说well，表示观点不一致) I agree with you I share your feelingC、分类按地点分类；按感情色彩分类D、视听反向原则（四）Restaurant 场景BOOK=reserve=make a reservation 点菜 Appetizer 开胃菜 Appetite 胃口Main course 主菜 dessert 甜点 desert 沙漠 knife and fork 刀叉 spoon 勺子Chopsticks 筷子 shoe shop 鞋店点单：1、Can I take your order, please?2、I’d like to order……3、I will be back with your order in a minute.付账：Treat:1、It’s my treat today2、I’ll treat your today. Split the bill AA制Wind 红酒 wind list 酒单 alcohol abuse 酗酒 power abuse 滥用权利children abuse 虐待儿童 drug abuse 吸毒HOTEL 场景Hotel clerk=receptionist 酒店接待员 reception n.接待 reserve v.接待Reserve=make a reservation 预定服务员： hotel attendant shop assitant waiter\waitress(五)工作场景1、刚毕业找工作：Recruit v. 招聘 recruitment n. 招聘 HR=human resources 人力资源Resume 简历 job applicant/candidate/interbier 求职者Applicant 申请者 apply for 申请 interviewee 被面试者 intetviewer 面试者Employee 被雇佣者 employer 雇佣者 employment 雇佣 unemploy 失业Hand in resume= submit 提交简历 o2、正在换工作Pressure=stress 压力 work overtime 加班 shift work 换工作工资：income，salary，wage，allowance津贴，生活费，bonus奖金，pension退休金职位：position=post烦：be fed up with=be sick of be bored with=be tired ofSupport oneself =make a living=earn one’s living 养活自己3、不干了Retire/retirement 退休 fire/lay off a被炒 quite/resign 主动辞职 be laid offResignation4、租房Apartment 公寓 department……系/部门 department store 百货商场For rent=to rent available vacant adj. 空缺的 vacancy n. 空缺A vacant job= job vacancy downtown 商业中心 suburb 城郊 furniture n. 家具Furnish v.给配置家具 furnished adj. unfurnished 毛坯房 landlord 男房东Landlady 女房东（六）通信场景1、Regular mail 平信 registered mail 挂号信 registration n.注册，报名。
英语听写七种速记方法
掌握七种速记方法，瞬间提升笔记能力“勤于动手”是快速获取语流中重要信息的有效方式。
俗话说，“好记性不如烂笔头”。
我们在考研复习时，无论是在做英语听力还是阅读文章，下意识地去迅速记录重要的信息，对每个人来说都非常重要。
原因在于，如果记录者不主动地“有意注意”信息点，瞬时记忆就会一闪即逝。
根据信息的特点，可以把信息分为图像记忆和声像记忆。
图像记忆是一种印象，其保持时间为0.25～1秒，容量为9～20个字节。
声像记忆是一种理解，其保持时间大约2～4秒，容量为5个字节。
所以，除了“特别注意”以外，通过一些“模式识别”性质的快速笔记，可以帮助记录人对篇章的迅速把握。
在这里所说的快速笔记并不是指传统意义上的速记法，它没有系统而专业的速记编码，而是一种辅助记录人理清信息关联性的“笔记”，这可以是非常富有创造性、想象力的，但要有一定的模式，以便记录者本人识别。
方法一使用迷你账本记录笔记同看书理解的不同之处在于：记录人在听到第一句话的时候，并不了解整篇文章的逻辑结构，因此只能采取“记流水账”法，听到什么就记什么，通过句子中的意群进行记录。
通常比较易于采用的“记流水账”的格式如下：这张表模拟了一个手掌大小的迷你笔记本：（1）之所以手掌大小，因为它是人的眼睛最适宜的宽度，也是为了便于携带和翻页，以便用最快的手写速度和最方便的姿势进行记录。
（2）之所以在中间画一条竖线，是为了使每行尽量不留空白，在一页纸上记下更多内容，充分利用空间。
（3）之所以在每个段落结束的地方画一条斜线，也是为了强化意群组结束的位置，便于记录完毕后的语意分析。
一个记录者的笔记可能只有他自己看得懂，无论是用中文、英文还是特殊符号，都应当是记录者本人所熟悉的，否则记完回来一看，可能会是一头雾水。
方法二合适的记录实词记录要迅速，就要抓住语篇中的“实词”。
“实词”是与“虚词”相对的。
实词指动词、名词、代词、形容词等表达意义的词汇，虚词则指冠词、连词、介词、副词等功能性词汇。
听力精听笔记
Official 33 Set 1 University's Policies Regarding Dorm Rooms Maintenance n.维修electric heaters 电热器went out ,out 熄灭Sofa n.沙发kept up 吵醒，跟上Custodian n. 管理人Weird a.奇怪的fill out this form 填好这个表格Crew n. 工作人员Seriously ad. 认真的说take off 起飞，脱掉，突然离开Official 11 Set 4 To Join the Interview CommitteeThat's why I want to talk to you 那是我为什么要和你谈话的原因Hire v.应聘hiring process 应聘流程but what's that got to do with me? 但是那和我有什么关系呢？Qualified a. 有资格的a committee of professors and students 一个教授和学生的委员会give a talk 做一次演讲academic interests 学术兴趣-- 学术领域Make sense 合理a student representative 一个学生代表grad school application 研究生学校申请a schedule of the applicant's visits 一个申请者的日程表what time the talk is 演讲的时间the formal discussion 正式的讨论right after. 之后It's going to be a tough decision. 这将是一个艰难的决定is interested in 对...感兴趣the copy of the schedule 日程表的复印件Official 12 Set 4 A Problem of the TA's PayrollPaycheck n.薪水That's odd那很奇怪Payroll 工资总额at the end of August 在八月底two pay periods 两个支付周期There was a problem in processing some of the graduate students' payroll paper work, ‘cause their computer program crashed 崩溃after all the information was processed 处理, and some people’s information couldn’t be retrieved.恢复Fax n.传真fill out those forms 填写这些表格And then what? ...well... what I really need to know is... how long till I get some money? I'm already a month behind on my bills and my tuition's due soonIt should. I will double-check 核实with the payroll departmentIs there any way I could get paid 领工资sooner?based on past experiences, you shouldn't count on it 基于以前的工作经验，有不应该期望它I know it's not your fault, and that you're doing everything you can.我知道这不是你的错，有在尽力帮助我Official 02 Set 6 Bode's LawMultiplying v.乘Decimal n. 十进位From prep. 到，离，从the distance of the planets from the Sun 行星到太阳的距离Tantalizingly ad. 诱人地，令人着急地tantalizingly close 很接近The next planet out 下一个行星出现The next planet out, Uranus - after Saturn. And look, Uranus fits in the next spot in the pattern pretty nicely, um, not perfectly, but close.the missing object 丢失的天体Validity a.合法性有效性Ceres n. 谷神星star-like appearance 星型特征Greek n. 希腊文too faint to be a planet 作为一个行星太暗Form v. 形成That's how the asteroid belt was discovered. 这是小行星带如何发现的Official 03 Set 6 SpectroscopySpectroscopy n.光谱学Balloon n.气球Emitted v.发出Before we get into讲到that, though, it’s probably a good thing to back up 补充背景知识，-支持a bit.crystal prisma continuous band of rainbow colors 一个连续的彩虹颜色的色带Anyone wanna take a stab at尝试the scientific term for visible light Uranium n.Stab 动词刺伤spreads away发出from its sourcea beam of sunlight 一束光the colors bleed into相互融合each other,Violet n. 紫色Magnified v.放大spreading out 发出kinda randomly placed 有点随机排列break it up 分开stands for 代表Patterns n.方案，图案spectral patterns=spectrograph 光谱图案Well, a kind of spectroscopic library of elements一套各元素的光谱集合was compiled using flame tests火焰测试a chemical fingerprint 化学印记in a pure gas flame 在纯气焰中chemical makeup 化学组成be familiar with熟悉the Greek word for sun, by chance偶然Official 05 Set 3 Moon Landingpinpoint the moon's age. 准确测出月球的年龄on the far side of the moon 在月球的远边color-coated 着色的lunar missions 月球任务topographical map 地形图Purples=violet 紫色Depth n. 深度we especially want to know if是否any of the mantle, the layer beneath the crust, was exposed by the impact.planet formation 行星形成later meteor showers 后来的流星雨was more reflective than expectedby inference 据推测Perpetually ad.永久地in shadow 在阴影处primitive life 原始的生命Astronauts n.宇航员It could also be broken down into被分解成its component parts - oxygen and hydrogena self-sustaining moon base 一个自给自足的月球基地a mining camp perhaps or a departure point for further space explorationOfficial 01 Set 3 Uranium-Lead DatingDating techniques 年代测定法Grand Canyon 大峡谷a vast desert 一个大沙漠flattened out 变平conventional wisdom 传统的观点Refinements 改良Uranium-Lead Dating 铀-铅测定法That's really eye-opening news 瞠目结舌的how did that sand end up so far west? 沙子是如何移动到西边的呢？grain type within sandstone 砂砾内部的纹理类型You can do other things too, like look at the wind or water that brought the grains to their location and figure out which way it was flowing测出它的流向grains of Zircon 锆石的纹理dating purposes 年代测定的目的starts off 开始于Crystallizes v.使结晶，使凝结Once you do that, you can compare the age of the Zircon in the sandstone in your sample to the age of the Zircon in the mountains.an increasingly popular dating method 一个越来越受欢迎的年代测定方法joined together and only split apart relatively recently 始合近分more conclusively 根具有决定性Official 04 Set 5 Moving Rocksyou need to know about more than just rocks and the structure of solid matter.不仅仅long trails 长长的痕迹But nobody has been able to figure out how they are moving because no one has ever seen it happen. 知道tyre tracks 轮胎痕迹a bulldozer 推土机Most of the rocks move in the same direction as the dominant wind pattern from southwest to northeast. 盛行风的主要模式How can that be ？那怎么可能？One team of scientists flooded an area of the desert with water, then try to establish how much wind force would be necessary to move the rocks Ever! Not on this planet.多大的风力It's possible that rain on the desert floor could turn to thin sheets of ice when temperatures drop at night.embedded in 嵌入Tilting v. 倾斜Shifting v.移动Vibrate v. 震动why don't scientists just set up video cameras to record what actually happens?So why can't researchers just live there for a while until they observe the rocks' moving?Official 06 Set 6 Climate Change in Sahara DesertNARRATOR：Listen to part of a lecture in an earth science class.MALE PROFESSOR：We're really just now beginning to understand how quickly drastic climate change can take place.We can see past occurrences of climate change that took place over just a few hundred years.Take uh... the Sahara Desert in Northern Africa.The Sahara was really different 6,000 years ago.I mean, you wouldn't call it a tropical paradise n. 天堂or anything, uh... or maybe you would if you think about how today in some parts of the Sahara it... it only rains about once a century.Um... but basically, you had greenery名词，绿色植被and you had water. And what I find particularly interesting and amazing really, what really indicates how un-desert-like the Sahara was thousands of years ago was something painted on the rock, pre-historic art, hippopotamuses名词，河马.As you know hippos need a lot of water and hence? Hence what? FEMALE STUDENT：They need to live near a large source of water year round.MALE PROFESSOR：That's right.MALE STUDENT：But how is that proved that the Sahara used to be a lot wetter?I mean the people who painted those hippos, well, couldn't they have seen them on their travels?MALE PROFESSOR：Okay, in principle they could, Karl. But the rock paintings aren't the only evidence.Beneath the Sahara are huge aquifers,名词，含水层basically a sea of fresh water that's perhaps a million years old, filtered through 动词，过滤rock layers.And... er... and then there is fossilized pollen 花粉化石, from low shrubs and grasses that once grew in the Sahara.In fact these plants still grow, er... but hundreds of miles away, in more vegetated areas.Anyway, it's this fossilized pollen along with the aquifers and the rock paintings—these three things are all evidence that the Sahara was once much greener than it is today, that there were hippos and probably elephants大象and giraffes 长颈鹿and so on.MALE STUDENT：So what happened?MALE PROFESSOR：How did it happen?Well now we're so used to hearing about how human activities are affecting the climate, right; but that takes the focus away将注意力转移到from the natural variations in the earth climate, like the Ice Age, right? The planet was practically covered in ice just a few thousand years ago. Now as far as the Sahara goes, there is some recent literature that points to the migration of the monsoon 名词，季风in that area.FEMALE STUDENT & MALE STUDENT：[audible] “huh?”MALE PROFESSOR：What do I mean?Okay, a monsoon is a seasonal wind that can bring in a large amount of rainfall 名词，降雨量.Now if the monsoon migrates, well, that means that the rains move to another area, right?So what caused the monsoon to migrate?Well, the answer is: the dynamics of earth's motions地球运动的动力学the same thing that caused the Ice Age by the way.[slowly, wanting every word to sink in] The earth's not always the same distance from the sun, and it's not always tilting toward the sun at the same angle.There are slight variations in these two parameters名词，参数.They're gradual variations but their effects can be pretty abrupt形容词，突然的, and can cause the climate to change in just a few hundred years. FEMALE STUDENT：That's abrupt?MALE PROFESSOR：Well, yeah, considering that other climate shifts take thousands of years, this one is pretty abrupt.So these changes in the planet's motions, they caused the climate to change; but it was also compounded.[key point] What the Sahara experienced was um... sort of runaway drying effect.As I said the monsoon migrated south—there was less rain in the Sahara.The land started to get drier, which in turn caused huge decrease in the amount of vegetation, because vegetation doesn't grow as well in dry soil, right?And then, less vegetation means the soil can't hold water as well—the soil loses its ability to retain water when it does rain.So then you have less moisture to help clouds form, nothing to evaporate for cloud formation.And then the cycle continues—less rain, drier soil, less vegetation, fewer clouds, less rain etc. etc.. etcetera[ɪt'sɛtərə]MALE STUDENT：But, what about the people who made the rock paintings?MALE PROFESSOR：Good question. Well, no one really knows.But there might be some connections to ancient Egypt.At about the same time that the Sahara was becoming a desert... hmm... 5,000 years ago, Egypt really began to flourish out in the Nile River valley.And that's not that far away.So it's only logical to hypothesize that a lot of these people migrated to the Nile valley when they realized that this was more than a temporary drought.And some people take this a step further--and that's okay, that'sscience--and they hypothesize that this migration actually provided an important impetus in the development of ancient Egypt.[intrigued, not skeptical] Well, we'll stay tuned on that.Official 09 Set 3 Shrubs in TundraCelsius n.摄氏度flat land 平坦地面Thaws v. 融化Permafrost v.永冻层being low to the ground protects them from the cold and windshrub-free tundra 无灌木苔原how can increased temperatures in the winter and spring increased shrub growth in the summer?Active a.活跃的what’s responsible for the growth of shrubs in the summer =result in what about run-off in the spring, when the snow finally melts?insulating effect of snow 雪的隔热效果Prairie 草原semiarid grassland and tall grass prairies.半干旱草地和草丛平原Official 10 Set 5 Phosphorus CycleScarcity v.稀缺性The rocks get broken down into smaller and smaller particles as they’re weathered侵蚀，风化的mined rocks 矿石We call all of this the land phase of the Phosphorus cycle 陆地P循环阶段empty into 倾泻gets absorbed 被吸收excessive fertilizers 过多的肥料getting clogged with organisms 被有机物所堵塞Several current studies are looking at these effects, and I really do hope we can find the way to deal with this issue before these ecosystems areadversely affected 不利的影响interrupt the normal process is fishing 捕鱼业gets mixed into ocean sediments 混合all over again 再次submerged rock 海底岩石It can move from the land or from the oceans to the atomosphere and vice versa 反之亦然Official 11 Set 5 Landscape & Climateand so forth 等等citrus industry 柑橘类工业Crops n.庄稼A bad bout of cold weather, a long spell of frosts could ruin a farmer's entire crop 一个坏天气these citric growers 这些柑橘的种植者marshy, swampy 沼泽的Farmers moved south. But the land was not suitable for farmingyou have to drain the water from the land 此句but为线索词，divert the water sources such as rivers.转移，转到Susceptible 易受影响的And what I, another think is that the loss of the wetlands has created the situation where the local temperatures in the area are now slightly different, slightly colder than they were 100 years ago, before the wetlands were drained.And freezing causes frosts, which kill crops 霜personally subscribe to 从个人角度Official 05 Set 5 SpectroscopyBe coming out 出来Spectroscopy is the study of the interaction between matter and light spectral signature 物与光的相互作用in a lot of different disciplines 学科Curator n.馆长，管理人Original a.原始的Canvas n. 画布Brushstrokes n 绘画的技巧Pigments n. 颜料Paints n.绘画颜料Varnishes n.涂清漆的面an infrared microscope 红外显微镜ultraviolet light 紫外线ow spectroscopy has a very distinct advantage over previous methods of analyzing artworks because it’s not invasive侵略性的—you don’t have to remove big chips of paint to do your analysis, which is what other methods require.Then, if we want to undo复原，解开some bad restoration attempts, we can determine what kind of process we can use to remove them—to dissolve溶解the paint and uncover去除the originalDeteriorated 变坏，恶化Official 21 Set 3 Software Developmentsoftware engineering 软件工程Cycle n.循环，周期the software development cycle 软件发展周期Ah, uh, th-the quality of a software product often relies heavily on how well it's been tested. Liz? 严重依赖just a quick thing 仅仅是一个小小的问题the computer's circuits 计算机回路a five-centimeter-long moth 一个5cm长的蛾子Debugged n. 调试Embarrassing 尴尬的different mentalities 不同的心态a bit of friction 一点儿小摩擦a couple of years ago 两三年前Fixed 修理，修复，固定should be fixed 应该被修复the conflict 冲突Literally-the testers and the developers sat on opposite sides of the table 准确的说the developers were very defensive about the feedback 对保守putting up walls 对立的局势So we were being proactive and effective So为线索词Official 43 Set 6 Electromagnetic Waveselectromagnetic wavesradio wavessound wavesSound waves are mechanical in natureinterplanetary spaceoscillations of the electromagnetichousehold or car radioConvert v.a pulse of radio waves every time it flashesbecause lightning strikes Earth constantlyhear the crackling from stormssunset or sunrisenatural waveguides,that's used to guide and direct waves.Some really interesting ones are called "whistlers."Whistlers come from lightning-generated radio waves that leave Earth's atmosphere and travel into Earth's magnetosphere before bouncing back down.a chirpy soundFeatures of different types of electromagnetic radiationOfficial 07 Set 3 Bats' Use of UltrasoundPara.1NARRATOR：Listen to part of a lecture in a biology class.Para.2FEMALE PROFESSOR：So, that is how elephant uses infrasound n.次声波.Now, let's talk about the other end of the acoustical spectrum声谱—sound that is too high for humans to hear--Ultrasound n.超声波Para.3Ultrasound is used by many animals that detect—and, some of them, send out发出—very high-frequency sounds.So, what's a good example? Yes, Carol.Para.4FEMALE STUDENT：[matter-of-factly, stating the obvious] Well, bats—since they are all blind a.blaɪnd 看不见的，瞎的, bats have to use sound for, you know, to keep from flying into 防止撞到things.Para.5FEMALE PROFESSOR：That's echolocation.Echolocation is pretty self-explanatory a.不言自明的: Using echoes—reflectedsound waves—to locate things…As Carol said, bats use it for navigation and orientation… and what else? Mike? Para.6MALE STUDENT：Well, finding food is always important—and I guess not becomingfood for other animals.Para.7FEMALE PROFESSOR：[light laugh]Right, on both counts.Avoiding other predators—and locating prey—uh, typically insects that fly around at night.Now, before I go on, let me just respond to something Carol was saying—this idea that bats are blind…Actually, there are some species of bats, the ones that don't use echolocation that do rely on their vision for navigation, but it is true that for many bats,their vision is too weak to count on.Para.8OK, so quick summary of how echolocation works.The bat emits these ultrasonic pulses超声波脉冲—very high-pitched高分贝soundwaves that we can’t hear—and then: they analyze the echoes—how the waves bounce back.Here, let me finish this diagram I started before the class.So the bat sends out these pulses, very focused bursts of sound, and echoes bounce back.You know, I don't think I need to draw in the echoes, your reading assignment for the next class—it has diagram shows this very clearly—so anyway as I was saying…Para.9By analyzing these echoes, the bat can determine, say, if there is wall in a cave that needs to avoid, and how far away it is.Another thing it uses the ultrasound to detect, is the size and shape of objects.For example, one echo they quickly identified is one they associate with moth 与有关（系）, which is common prey for a bat, particularly a moth beating its wings. However, moth happened to have major advantage over most other insects比大多数昆虫有很大的优势: they can detect ultrasound; this means that when the batapproaches, the moth can detect the bat's presence.So, it has time to escape to safety, or else they can just remain motionless. Since, when they stop beating their wings, they will be much harder for the bat todistinguish from辨别, oh a leaf or some other object.Para.10Now, we have tended to underestimate just how sophisticated the abilities ofanimals that use ultrasound are.In fact, we kind of assume 推断，假定that they were filtering a lot out—uh, the way asophisticated radar system can ignore echoes from stationary objects on the ground.information about, um, hillsor buildings that it doesn’t need…But bats, we thought they were filtering out this kind of information, because they simply couldn't analyze it.But, it looks as if we were wrong.Recently, there was this experiment with trees and a specific species of bats—a bat called the lesser spear-nosed bat.Para.11Now, a tree should be a huge and acoustical challenge for bat, right? I mean it got all kinds of surfaces with different shapes and angles n.角度.So, well, the echoes from a tree are going to be a mass of chaotic acoustic reflections, right? Not like the echo from a moth.So, we thought, for a long time, that bats stopped their evaluation at simply “that’s a tree.”Yet, it turns out that-that bats, or at least this particular species, can not only tell that it’s a tree, but can also distinguish between, say, a pine tree and a deciduoustree—like, a maple n 枫树., or an oak tree: just by their leaves—an-and when I say “leaves,” I mean pine needles 松针, too.Any ideas on how it would know that?Para.12MALE STUDENT：Well, like with the moth, could it be their shape?Para.13FEMALE PROFESSOR：You are on the right track痕迹，轨迹表示你的思路很对.It’s actually the echo of f all the leaves—as a whole—that matters.Now, think: A pine tree—with all those little, densely packed needles… those produce a large number of faint reflections in wh-what’s called a-a “smooth a. 光滑的” echo—the waveform is very even a. 均匀的…But an oak which has fewer but bigger leaves with stronger reflections, produces jagged wave 锯齿状的声波form, or what we called a rough echo.And these bats can distinguish between the two, and not just with trees, but with any echo that comes in a smooth or rough shape.Official 10 Set 2 WhalesPara.1NARRATOR：Listen to part of a lecture in a Marine Biology Class. Para.2FEMALE PROFESSOR：We know whales are mammals and that they evolved from land creatures.So the mystery is figuring out how they became ocean dwellers. Because until recently there was no fossil record of what we call "the missing link", that is evidence of species that show the transition between land-dwelling mammals and today's whales.Fortunately, some recent fossil discoveries have made the picture a little bit clearer.Para.3For example, a few years back in Pakistan, they found a skull of awolf-like creature.It's about fifty million years old.Scientists had seen this wolf-like creature before, but this skull was different.The ear area of the skull had characteristics seen only in aquatic mammals, specifically whales.Para.4Err, well, then also in Pakistan they found a fossil of another creature, which we call Ambulocetus natans.That's a mouthful,eh?The name Ambulocetus natans comes from Latin of course, and means "walking whale that swims".It clearly had four limbs that could have been used for walking.It also had a long thin tail, typical of mammals, something we don't see in today's whales.But it also had a long skeletal structure, and that long skeletal structure suggests that it was aquatic.Para.5And very recently, in Egypt, they found skeleton of Basilosaurus. Basilosaurus was a creature that we've already known about for over a hundred years.And it has been linked to modern whales because of its long whale-like body.But this new fossil find showed a full set of leg bones, something we didn't have before.The legs were too small to be useful.They weren't even connected to its pelvis and couldn't have supported its weight.But it clearly shows Basilosaurus’s evolution from land creatures.So that's a giant step in the right direction.Even better, it establishes Ambulocetus as a clear link between thewolf-like creature and Basilosaurus.Para.6Now these discoveries don't completely solve the mystery.I mean, Ambulocetus is a mammal that shows a sort of bridge between walking on land and swimming.But it also is very different from the whales we know today.So, really we are working with just a few pieces of a big puzzle.Para.7Emm, a related debate involved some recent DNA studies. Remember, DNA is the genetic code for any organism, and when the DNA from two different species is similar, it suggests that those two species are related.And when we compared some whale's DNA with DNA from some other species, we got quite a surprise.The DNA suggests that whales are descendants of the hippopotamus. Yes the hippopotamus! Well, that came as a bit of shock.I mean that a four-legged land and river dweller could be the evolutionary source of a completely aquatic creature up to twenty five times its size. Unfortunately, this revelation about the hippopotamus apparently contradicts the fossil record, which suggests that the hippopotamus is only a very distant relative of the whale, not an ancestor.And of course as I mentioned that the whales are descendant not from hippos but from that distant wolf-like creature.Para.8So we have contradictory evidence.And more research might just raise more questions and create more controversies.At any rate, we have a choice.We can believe the molecular data, the DNA, or we can believe the skeleton trail.But unfortunately, probably not both.Para.9Um, and there have been some other interesting findings from DNA research.For a long time, we assumed that all whales that had teeth, including sperm whales and killer whales were closely related to one another, and the same for the toothless whales, like the bule whale and other baleen whales.We assumed that they be closely related.But recent DNA studies suggest that's not the case at all.The sperm whale is actually closely related to the baleen whale, and it's only distantly related to the toothed-whales.So that was the real surprise to all of us.Official 14 Set 3 MicroclimateNARRATOR：Listen to part of a lecture in a biology class.Para.2FEMALE PROFESSOR：Almost all animals have some way of regulating their body temperature; otherwise, they wouldn’t survive extreme hot or cold conditions.Sweating, panting n.喘气, swimming to cooler or warmer water, ducking into躲进somewhere cool like a burrow n.地洞or a hole under a rock ... these are just a few.And that spot is colder or warmer than the surrounding environment because it's a microclimate.A microclimate is a group of climate conditions that affect a localized area, weather features like temperature, wind, moisture and so on.And when I say localized, I mean really localized, because microclimates can be, as the name suggests, pretty small, even less than a square meter小于1平方米.And microclimates are affected by a huge number of other variables … obviously weather conditions in the surrounding area are a factor.But other aspects of the location like... um... the elevation of the land, the plant life nearby and so on, have a substantial effect on在重大的影响microclimates.And, of course, the human development in the area... um... a road will affect a nearby microclimate.It's also interesting to note that microclimates that are near each other can have very different conditions.In the forest for example, there can be a number of very different microclimates close to each other because of all the variables I just mentioned.Para.3MALE STUDENT：So how does a hole in the ground, a burrow, stay cool in a hot climate?Para.4FEMALE PROFESSOR：Well, since cold air sinks动词，下降, and these spots are shaded, they are usually much cooler than the surrounding area.And these spots are so important because many animals rely on microclimates to regulate their body temperature.Once they get there, their body temperatures decrease very very quickly. The trip to the burrow prevents the squirrel from getting too hot.Para.5MALE STUDENT：But squirrels are mammals right? I thought mammals regulated their temperature internally 副词，内部地…Para.6FEMALE PROFESSOR：Mammals do have the ability to regulate their body temperature … but not all can do it to the same degree, or even the same way.Like when you walk outside on a hot day, you perspire and your body cools itself down, a classic example of how a mammal regulates its own body temperature.But one challenge that squirrels face, well, many small mammals do, is that because of their size, sweating=panting流汗would make them lose too much moisture 名词，水分，湿气，降雨量; they dehydrate.But on the other hand, their small size allows them to fit into适合very tiny spaces.So for small mammals, microclimates can make a big difference有很重大的意义—they rely on 依赖，依靠microclimates for survival.Para.7MALE STUDENT：行动物—they can't control their own body temperature, so I can imagine the effect a microclimate would have on them.Para.8FEMALE PROFESSOR：Yes. Many reptiles and insects rely on microclimates to control their body temperature.A lot of reptiles use burr ows … or stay under rocks to cool down降温. Of course, with reptiles, it's a balancing act.Staying in the heat for too long can lead to problems, but staying in the cold can do the same.So reptiles have to be really precise about真正精确把握where they spend their time, even how they position their bodies.And when I say they are precise, I mean it—some snakes will search out a place under rocks of a specific thickness, because too thin a rock doesn’t keep them cool enough and too thick a rock will cause them to get too cold.That level of precision is critical to the snake for maintaining its body temperature.And even microscopic organisms rely on microclimates for survival. Para.9。
《听力记笔记》word版
以下是考点出现规律归纳（极度重要~~）1．首部规律说话者表达主旨或谈话的目的的语句往往出现在开头的几句话，是把握全局的重点信号词：（老师说，每天要把所有的信号词读个2，30遍，强迫自己听到这个词马上反应过来这里有考点）Today, we’ll focus on/contrasted/discuss….Today, our topic is…Let’s…特殊情况（也经常出现）：开头会将讲一些上次课讲的东西，作为复习，之后才是主旨，我们把这种情况称为：Miss start注意：出现Miss Start，上次课讲的东西一定要听，在这部分很可能出细节题Miss Start 信号词：Before we get started, let’s review what we’ve learned last class…Let’s pick up where we left off last week, OK, as you recall(记得)…Before we begin our discussion on…(此处为本次主题)，Let’s review what we know about…（此处为上次主题）间接开头：In your text book, the author says that… (主题出现)，I thought we all to/should take sometime to talk about it. (不一定完全一样，但是类型差不多)结尾部分往往出现一些总结性信息以及其他一些涉及考点的内容，应充分重视信号词：To some upTo conclude/in conclusionIn summary/to summarizeFinallyThereforeFrom this, we can see that…其他结尾给出的信息：1.安排下次课的内容（细节）2.布置家庭作业3.对话，最终的解决方案（Con）细节题的几大规律1.数字地点规律重要的细节考点，论点*重要的不止是数字，地点本身，还有它们后面紧跟的东西。
听力笔记法2
托福听力笔记法2
上次和童鞋们提到了听力笔记的记法，谈到了大家在记笔记的过程中可能遇到的几个问题。
要解决这些问题，我们首先要做到的是笔记只记有用的信息，即关键词和考点，另外还要形成一个清晰明了的笔记结构。
在实际的操作过程中，我们发现即使只记关键词和考点，我们的时间还是很紧迫，所以提高记笔记的速度是非常关键的，最好的解决方式是运用一些简写符号以及缩写来代替完整的单词或词组。
符号：如用“+”表示“多”（a lot of, many)；用“?”表示“问题”（question,issue)。
缩写：info=information, you=U.具体更多的笔记符号和缩写童鞋们可以通过上网查询或者创立出属于一套自己的符号，简单实用便好。
那么笔记结构该如何来安排呢？我们知道托福听力的对话都是由两个人进行的，这样我们可以将一张纸分成两边，一边记录学生所讲的内容，另一边记录教授所讲的内容，这就是对话适用的结构。
而托福的讲座一般都有一个主旨，然后后面的分论点围绕主旨展开，那么针对这样的讲座，我们就可以将主旨内容单独放在一行，然后换行并缩进记分论点的内容。
这样一种结构的安排一方面利于我们了解文章结构，另一方面有利于我们解题时进行信息定位。
以上就是听力笔记法的内容，对于刚开始学习记笔记的童鞋来说可能会不习惯使用符号和缩写，这就要求大家必须多练习，熟能生巧，相信只要坚持不懈，大家一定能够练得一套好的笔记法。
英语专业四级听力记笔记技巧
英语专业四级听力记笔记技巧听力在英语专业四级考试中占据重要的一部分，而记笔记是提高听力理解和记忆能力的有效方法之一。
本文将介绍一些英语专业四级听力记笔记的技巧，帮助考生更好地应对听力考试。
一、精要概括法精要概括法是指在听力过程中，将主要信息或重要细节用简短的语言概括出来。
这样做可以帮助我们快速捕捉到关键信息，提高记忆效果。
例如，在听一篇关于某种新技术的讲座时，我们可以用以下方式记笔记：1. 新技术名称：XXX2. 优点：提高效率、降低成本3. 应用领域：医疗、工业、交通等4. 示例：医疗领域的应用案例通过此法，我们可以在听力结束后复盘时，快速回顾整个内容，对听力内容有更清晰的印象。
二、图表法图表法适用于对数字、比例、时序等信息进行整理和比较的听力材料。
我们可以通过绘制表格、流程图、柱状图等形式，将听到的信息转化为可视化的图像，更好地理解和记忆。
例如，在听一篇关于某个公司营收增长情况的报道时，我们可以绘制一张柱状图，标明每年的营收数字，从而更清晰地了解其增长趋势。
三、关键词法关键词法是将关键信息或词汇快速记录下来，在复习时重点关注这些关键信息。
我们可以用简洁的方式记录下主题词、人名、地名、日期等关键词，帮助我们在听力材料中准确捕捉重要信息。
例如，在听一个关于环境污染的访谈时，我们可以用以下方式记录关键词：1. 主题词：环境污染2. 原因：工业排放、汽车尾气3. 影响：空气污染、健康问题4. 解决方案：减少排放、提倡绿色出行通过捕捉关键信息，我们可以更好地理解听力内容，从而提高记忆和理解效果。
四、箭头连接法箭头连接法适用于需要记笔记的内容之间存在关联性的听力材料。
我们可以通过画箭头将不同信息相互连接，形成脉络清晰的笔记。
例如，在听一篇关于某个历史事件的讲座时，我们可以用箭头连接不同的年份、人物、事件，形成时间线，帮助我们理清事件的发展过程。
五、语境还原法语境还原法是将听到的信息与前后文进行关联，还原出原本的语境。
英语听力笔记速记的技巧分析
英语听力笔记速记的技巧分析英语的听力一般是比较快的，想要完全记下来是不可能的，学生要学会速记，下面店铺的小编将为大家带来英语听力笔记速记速记的介绍，希望能够帮助到大家。
英语听力笔记速记的技巧1、不要大量记录文字(汉字、单词)——而要使用符号来表示意思(缩写、图形)Eg：“powerful country”记作“强口”，“我同意”记作“I√ ”;“观点，看法一致”记作“⊙ same”，“economic development”记作“经↑”↑表示“上升、快速上升、快速发展、快速上涨等”↓表示“下降、减少、急剧下降、急速下跌等”;↗表示“缓慢上升，缓慢发展、缓慢上涨等”;←表示“返回，倒退等”;→表示“达到，至，导致，前进等”;+表示“加，增加，此外，另外，又加之”;—表示“减少，减”;>表示“多于，大于，强于”;<表示“少于，小于，不如”;∵表示“因为，由于”;∴表示“所以，因此”;=表示“等于，相同，与……相同”。
t表示thousand; m;表示million;b表示 billion;1st表示first。
2、不要横着写：——而要竖着写，竖起来记有利于保持活意思意思以及数量等信息之间的逻辑界限。
3、逻辑关系要清楚明了——不要记流水帐。
高考英语听力速记的技巧1)运用速记符号例如：↑up↓down←left→right=equal2)发明并运用字母的缩写形式考生可以在平时训练时，本着便于记忆、快速、容易联想的原则，发明一些只需自己明白的字母搭配来表示相应的信息。
例如：Ex——expensive lg——large eq——earthquake ys——yesterday通过运用这些字母和符号，帮助考生储存信息，帮助回忆。
英语听力速记的方法缩略词的写法一般为四种方式拿掉所有元音 , STD--- standardMKT: marketMGR: managerMSG: messageSTD: standardRCV: receive保留前几个字母, INF---informationINFO informationINS insuranceEXCH exchangeI owe you IOUIn stead of I/O保留开头和结尾个发音字母 WK---weekWK weekRM roomPL people根据发音, R--- areR areTHO thoughTHRU through较长单词的处理办法-ism 简写为 m 例如：socialism Sm-tion 简简写为 n 例如：standardization (标准化) stdn -cian 简简写为 o 例如：technician techo-ing 简写为 g 例如：marketing (市场营销) MKTg-ed 简写为 d 例如：accepted acptd-able/ible/ble 简写为 bl 例如：available avbl-ment 简写为 mt 例如：amendment amdmt-ize 简写为 z 例如：recognize regz-ful 简写为 fl 例如：meaningful mnfl。
关于大学英语六级听力的精华笔记重点，你值得拥有！
关于大学英语六级听力的精华笔记重点，你值得拥有！今天小编为各位考生整理了英语六级考试听力的精华笔记，希望可以对各位要考试的同学们提供一点帮助，接下来就让我们来看一下吧。
三个基本思路：一、学习话题：学几门课，课程难不难，课的进展，考试如何，作业如何，老师怎样，实验课怎样，图书馆怎样……回答：基本上都是抱怨二、生活话题：穷，省钱，购物一定要bargain，带学生证，例如：1. I want to make a long distance call. When is the best time?例如：2. Maybe I ought to subscribe to the journal. 捐献;定购订阅。
Why don't you save the money and read it in the library?例如：3. A) T o wear a heavy sweater to the game.B) To postpone the game.C) To change tickets.D) To watch the game at home.三、混合话题，但忙于学习。
场景题：选项的特点：1. 地点;2. to do表目的;3. -ing;4. A and B结构，人物关系提问特点：What, Where, When, Who总结重点：出题思路判断场景的线索词例如：fine 罚款(校外交通;校内图书馆)cashier 出纳(各个场景)teller (银行)出纳员ATM (Automatic Teller Machine) 自动提款机例题：A) He is still being treated in the hospital.B) He has had an operation.C) He'll rest at home for another two weeks.D) He returned to work last week.M: How is your father, Mary? The last time I came to see you, you were about to take him to the hospital.W: He came home last week. The operation was very successful. The doctor said he' d almost recovered and could go back to work next week.Q: What did the woman say about her father?注：be about to do 正要做某事。
英语四六级听力笔记
听力课堂笔记短对话部分短对话听力的一些原则1．推理原则：一般需对对话进行推理，故直接在对话中听到的一般不是正确答案。
2．挫折原则：通常要办的事情都是不顺利的（如买东西买不到，订房间客满等）3．男女原则：一般男生比较衰，女生比较牛。
男生提出的观点女生都是不同意或有不同看法的，反之女生提出的观点男生都是同意和赞赏的。
男生的特征：脏、乱、差、浪费、穷、小气、不良习惯、迟钝、不顾家女生的特征：爱干净、节约、富有、好学、能干、聪明、大度、耐心、恋家、除数理化外成绩都很好4．父母一般只有一个作用教育子女好好学习5．除了父母教育子女外，家里（包括朋友家，阿姨家等等）发生的事情一般是不考的，故遇到地点推测题类似at home / at Mary’s home之类的选项一般都是不对的。
6．四级听力短对话只考日常生活学习中遇得到事情，问题，故如果选项中出现一些日常生活中不太可能发生或很少发生的事情一般不会是正确选项短对话十大场景及一般思路1．借车：车一般是借不到的2．吃：匹萨，海鲜吃了一般会有不适反应，“派”一般比较好吃3．考试：作业、论文一般比较难，或须要熬夜教授一般比较严厉选修课较难较多4．坐车（飞机、轮船）：一般都需要等5．事故（灾难）：光明原则，一般不会死人6．听讲座：题目一般是比较有趣丰富的，内容一般是比较复杂难懂的7．论文：一般需要修改（polish）或重写（rewrite）8．休闲：男生一般喜欢待在家里看TV或者看moive，女生一般喜欢高雅艺术如theater 9．医院：需要预约make an appointment10买票：基本上是买不到的短对话的常见场景1.学校场景课程分类Optional course 选修课Required course 必修课Day course 白天的课Evening course 晚上的课经常出现的科目或专业Chinese 中文English 英语mathematic 数学history 历史chemistry 化学Literature 文学考试Final exam 期终考试middle exam 期中考试make up 补考test测验pop test 事先没有说好的测验quiz 测验oral test 口试考试临近draw on / in sight of / draw nearly考试延期或取消delay / be off / defer / hold up / postpone / put off / suspend 学校分类public school 公立学校private school 私立学校religious school 教会学校学校中的人president 校长dean 院长professor 教授lecturer 讲师coordinator 管理员doctor 博士master 硕士bachelor 学士freshman 大一新生sophomore 大二学生junior 大三学生senior 大四学生图书馆借书lend / borrow / check out参考书reference book续借renew过期overdue还书return罚金fineattend / have a lecture 上课cut a class 逃课miss a class 错过了课scholarship 荣誉奖学金assistantship 助教奖学金teaching assistant 助教research assistant 助研semester 学期2.交通运输场景fare 车票licence 驾照rush hours 高峰时间traffic jam 交通堵塞overtake 超车one way street 单行道over speed 超速police officer 交警ticket 罚单fine 罚金fast way / express way / high way 高速公路motor way 机动车道super way 飞机机动车道free way 免费高速公路交通工具（出现频率从高到低）plane / train（女）/ bus / bike（女）/ walk（女）/ taxi（女）：女生比较喜欢tunnel / channel 隧道ring road 环线subway（美）/ underground （英）地铁metro 地道地铁underpass人行地道overhead 轻轨flyover 人行天桥mag – lev 磁悬浮take a taxi 乘出租车call a taxi 招出租车/订出租车catch a train / bus 赶火车/汽车3.电话场景mobile phone 手机pay phone 公用电话telephone box/booth 电话亭yellow page 黄页dial （拨电话号码）/ press （按电话号码）extension 分机operator 总机put~through 接通wrong number / there is no one by this name 电话号码错了/ 没有这个人is not in 不在？be not inhold on 不要挂断，稍等take/leave a message 留言hang up / get off 挂断credit call 记账式电话bill the call into the 3rd party 免费电话3collect call 对方付费电话4.机场场景plane / craft 飞机book 订票timetable 时间表destination 目的地open ticketone way ticket 单程票round trip ticket 来回票non-stop / direct flight 直航transfer / lay over / stop over 转机first / business / economy cabin 头等/ 商务/ 经济舱confirm the flight 确认航班check in 登记boarding card 登机牌security check 安检see off 送行送别时的祝语keep in touch 保持联系safe landing 安全着陆board 登机take off 起飞departure 离港safety / sect belt 安全带land 着陆arrival 进港pick up 接机5.公司场景job vacancy 有空缺职位letter of application 求职信resume 简历resume包括几部分basic / personal info. 基本信息/个人资料academic background 教育背work experience 工作经验certificates and honoursinterview 面试offer 聘用信work experience 工作经验work overtime 加班ask for a raise 加钱wage 周薪salary 日薪bonus奖金allowance 津贴annual income 年收入promotion 升职fire 解雇resign 辞职retire 退休laid-off 下岗work / job / career / course 工作post / position / vocation / title 职务假期休息的说法（依次是从大到小）holiday 假日，假期vacation 休假annual leave 年假sick leave 病假rest 休息break 指喝杯茶、喝杯咖啡的休息coffee breakaway 离开一会公司职位从大到小chairman of the boardpresident -- general manager—manager –department manager—head –officer –specialist（专员）-- clerk6.租房场景live on campus 住校live off campus 住校外for sale 可销售的房子for rent / lease 可出租的房子to let 同上rent 租金utilities 公用事业费location 位置suburb / downtown 市郊/ 市中心condition 住房条件furnished 配家具unfurnished 无装修leaking 漏水blackout 断电environment 环境transportation 交通land lord 房东land lady 房东太太tenant 房客roommate 室友好的室友：neat 整洁的considerate 体贴的，细心的5不好的室友：messy / untidy 脏乱的noisy 吵闹的7.医院场景see a doctor 去医院看医生send for a doctor 让医生出诊health center / clinic 卫生所/ 门诊部physician 内科医生surgeon 外科医生dentist 牙医make an appointment 预约emergency 急诊check up / exam 检查cold（感冒）——flu （流感）——headache （头痛）——sore throat（嗓子痛）fever（发烧）——toothache（牙疼）——stomachache （胃疼）prescribe 开药方pill / tablet 药片liquid 喝药水injection => shot 注射operation 手术medical result 诊断结果8.宾馆场景make a reservation 预订房间confirm a reservation 确认预订cancel a reservation 取消预订fully booked / full up / full 客满porter 行旅员tips 小费reception 前台check in 登记入住single room 单人房double room 一张大床的双人房twin room 两张单人床的双人房suite 套房bathroom toilet / w.c closet restroom 厕所room service 客房服务（四级听力中的客房服务一般只有考一种——送餐）lounge 男士用休息区lobby 大堂business center 商务中心salon 美容厅ball 舞厅bar 酒吧night club 夜总会check out 退房9.邮局场景post / send / mail 寄letter / mail 信registered mail 挂号信regular mail 平信airmail 航空信parcel / package 包裹telegram / cable 电报rate 费率overweight 超重postage 邮资email 电子邮件reply 回复forward 转发cc（carbon copy）抄送bcc（blind carbon copy）秘密抄送subject 主题attach 附件attachment10.饭店场景eat out 出去吃take away 外带fast food 快餐book a table 订位子waiter / waitness 服务员waitressmenu 菜单order 点菜appetizer 开胃菜main course 主食dessert 餐后甜点bill 账单service charge 服务费change 找零tips 小费keep the change 不用找零了11．其他closed 关门open 开门office hours / business hours / working hours 工作时间，营业时间关于开关power on / off 开/关turn on / off 开/关switch on / off 开/ 关（这个词只能用于与电有关的开关，不能用于水龙头之类的开关）干杯cheerspropose a toast tobottom up7the best book 最好的书圣经the best thing 最好的事情选择the last thing 最不愿意做的事情the last man 最不愿意见的人best seller 畅销的东西sell up 卖完，卖光售罄sell out卖完，卖光售罄/ 出卖朋友或原则sell off 低价处理库存商品selling machine 自动售货机selling point 卖点count the days 渴望count on = dependent / rely on depend oncount in 把……考虑在内count for nothing 一钱不值count for little 无足轻重count for much 举足轻重count down 倒计时count up 相加count up to 共计关于旅行traveljourney 陆上长途旅行trip 陆上短途旅行outing 远足stroll 散步wander 徘徊picnic 野餐camping 野营tour 周游cruise 水上短途旅行voyage 水上长途旅行关于死亡的说法没有感情色彩的：die / end up / meat one’s death / decease 褒义的：pass away贬义的：kick the bucket关于和别人相处的好的说法get on with = get along (well) withbe in good term withlive in peace with关于强调point outemphasizelay / put emphasis ongive emphasis to达成协议找到出路find a way outreach an agreementreach a consensus关于“得失”gains and lossesgive and take关于拜访drop in / at / over / bystop in / over / bycall on sbcall at / round swlook in / uppay a visit topay / make a call to关于碰见，偶遇come acrossrun intobump intohappen to meet关于花钱、花费的词TakeSpendCostChargePayBuy关于水waterrunning / tap ~ 自来水fresh ~ 活水still ~ 死水pure ~ 纯净水purified ~ 净化水mineral ~ 矿泉水be used to do 被用于be used to dong 习惯于get used to doing 渐渐习惯于used to do 过去常常单复数意思不太一样的词ruin 毁灭ruins 废墟authority 权威authorities 当局brain 头脑brains 智力，智慧custom 风俗习惯customs 海关9damage 破坏，损坏damages 赔偿费ground 地面土地grounds 院子，监狱manner 礼貌方式manners 外貌minute 分钟minutes 会议记录paper 纸张papers 试卷time 时间times 时代关于“调查”researchsurvey 市场调查opinion poll 名义调查民意调查questionnaire 问卷调查investigation 很正式的调查interview 会见，访谈belong to 属于participate in 参加be engaged in 从事、参加be in volved in 卷入消磨时间kill timepass timecount one’s thumbs用完、缺少run out ofbe short ofbe lack in lack of / ina little 一点not a little 很多a bit 一点not a bit 一点也没有短对话中常用单词和句型1.表示期待、希望、渴望做某事的说法expect / hope / wishbe eager / anxious /dying tolook for ward towait / yean / thirst / long forcan not waitcounting the days2.下列词语与“but”一样含有转折的的意思actuallywellreallyin factas a matter of factto tell you the truth3.表示建议的句型how about……做……如何I heard about……我听说……If I were you ……如果我是你……It seems to me that……在我看来似乎……Let’s ……shall we ? 让我们……怎么样？Let us ……will you ? 让我们……怎么样？Shall I / we ……What about ……做……如何Why don’t you ……你为什么不……Why not + 动词原型为什么不……Would you like ……你要……吗？Wouldn’t ……be better / wiser 做……不是更好吗？4.表示同意、附和的句型I agree with youExactlyI couldn’t agree with you more / betterI think soI can’t wait any minuteBelieve it or notI will ……if 假如……我就会It’s my turn 轮到我了我请客Why not ?You are rightI guess so 我猜也是No problem 没问题Of causeOut of question 毫无疑问So do I / me too 我也是Sure / absolutely / beautiful 当然，很好Good ideaThat sounds really nice 听起来真不错5.表示询问的句型Any questions / any thing wrong 有什么问题吗？Can you give me some ideas 可以给我一些建议吗？Do you know ……Do you want to……Do you find any wrong with 你觉得……有什么不对劲吗？How long will it take 做什么要花多久I am thinking of ……我正在考虑做……I suppose think ……我猜想……What’s your plane plan 你的计划是什么？What happens if ……如果……怎么办？What shall we do 我们该怎么做？6.表示否定的句型Actually / as a matter of fact 事实上……11How can you do sth 你怎么可以……I can’t afford any disturbance 不要再烦我I couldn’t agree with youI didn’t men to 我本不打算I don’t think soIt doesn’t matter 无所谓I wish ……但愿……I’d like to but 我很愿意但是……I’d love to butI just can’t bearI am afraid notI am sorry but……is not everything ……不是关键no bother / why bother 不要麻烦no , thanksreallyThat’s his opinionTo tell you the truthWell , as far as I know7.表示“不得不”have to 表示客观上不得不做某事must 主观上的必须做某事be bound tocannot buthave no choice but8.表示“迟到”behind timebe delayed / overduebehind schedulebe late9.表示“紧张”trembleshake all overget one’s tongue tiedhave one’s mind go blanknervous10.以下词组听到后意思取反mean to 想要……planned to 原计划……intended to 原打算……tended toused to 过去常常……11.以下句型要引起重视，重点听取，就算本身不是考点也一定直接引向考点反意疑问句( ……，didn’t you ?)反问句倒装句助动词do / did / doesit is ……that / who / when……的句型正确答案的特征1．含义肯定的不是正确选项，模糊的是正确选项意思具体的不是正确选项，概括的是正确选项意思详细的不是正确选项，抽象的是正确选项意思肤浅的不是正确选项，深刻的是正确选项2．含有一下单词的一般是正确选项neither / either / also / besides / almost / especially / possibly / probably / likely perhaps / might / may / maybe / could /can / all / none3．含有以下三种结构的一般可能是正确选项系表结构（系动词+标语表语）比较结构（……than……）复合句4．含有四级词汇替换项的一般是正确选项5．表示“同意或不同意”，“喜欢或不喜欢”，“应该或不应该的”的一般为正确选项6．以下三种选项一般其中有一个可能是正确选项反意项形似项近似项7．同意项不可能是正确选项，等例排除。
大学英语四级考试听力笔记
大学英语四级考试听力笔记（一）短对话部分一、短对话听力的一些原则1、推理原则：一般需对对话进行推理，故直接在对话中听到的一般不是正确答案2、挫折原则：通常要办的事情都是不顺利的（如买东西买不到，订房间客满等）3、男女原则：一般男生比较衰，女生比较牛。
男生提出的观点女生都是不同意或有不同看法的，反之女生提出的观点男生都是同意和赞赏的男生的特征：脏、乱、差、浪费、穷、小气、不良习惯、迟钝、不顾家女生的特征：爱干净、节约、富有、好学、能干、聪明、大度、耐心、恋家、除数理化外成绩都很好4、父母一般只有一个作用教育子女好好学习5、除了父母教育子女外，家里（包括朋友家，阿姨家等等）发生的事情一般是不考的，故遇到地点推测题类似at home / at Mary’s home之类的选项一般都是不对的6、四级听力短对话只考日常生活学习中遇得到事情、问题，故如果选项中出现一些日常生活中不太可能发生或很少发生的事情一般不会是正确选项二、短对话十大场景及一般思路1、借车：车一般是借不到的2、吃：匹萨，海鲜吃了一般会有不适反应，“派”一般比较好吃3、考试：作业、论文一般较难，或须要熬夜；教授一般比较严厉；选修课较难，较多4、坐车（飞机、轮船）：一般都需要等5、事故（灾难）：光明原则，一般不会死人6、听讲座：题目一般是比较有趣丰富的，内容一般是比较复杂难懂的7、论文：一般需要修改（polish）或重写（rewrite）8、休闲：男生一般喜欢待在家里看TV或者看moive，女生一般喜欢高雅艺术如theater9、医院：需要预约make an appointment10、买票：基本上是买不到的三、短对话的常见场景1、学校场景课程分类Optional course 选修课Required course 必修课Day course 白天的课Evening course 晚上的课经常出现的科目或专业Chinese 中文English 英语Mathematic 数学History 历史Chemistry 化学Literature 文学考试Final exam 期终考试middle exam 期中考试make up 补考test测验pop test 事先没有说好的测验quiz 测验oral test 口试考试临近draw onin sight ofdraw nearly考试延期或取消delaybe offdeferhold uppostponeput offsuspend 学校分类public school 公立学校private school 私立学校religious school 教会学校学校中的人president 校长dean 院长professor 教授lecturer 讲师coordinator 管理员doctor 博士master 硕士bachelor 学士freshman 大一新生sophomore 大二学生junior 大三学生senior 大四学生图书馆借书lend / borrow / check out参考书reference book续借renew过期overdue还书return罚金fineattend / have a lecture 上课cut a class 逃课miss a class 错过了课scholarship 荣誉奖学金assistantship 助教奖学金teaching assistant 助教research assistant 助研semester 学期2、交通运输场景fare 车票licence 驾照rush hours 高峰时间traffic jam 交通堵塞overtake 超车one way street 单行道over speed 超速police officer 交警ticket 罚单fine 罚金fast way / express way / high way 高速公路motor way 机动车道super way 飞机机动车道free way 免费高速公路交通工具（出现频率从高到低）plane / train（女）/ bus / bike（女）/ walk（女）/ taxi （女）：女生比较喜欢tunnel / channel 隧道ring road 环线subway（美）/ underground （英）地铁metro 地道地铁underpass人行地道overhead 轻轨flyover 人行天桥mag –lev 磁悬浮take a taxi 乘出租车call a taxi 招出租车/订出租车catch a train / bus 赶火车/汽车3.电话场景mobile phone 手机pay phone 公用电话telephone box/booth 电话亭yellow page 黄页dial （拨电话号码）/ press （按电话号码）extension 分机operator 总机put~through 接通wrong number / there is no one by this name 电话号码错了/ 没有这个人is not in 不在？be not inhold on 不要挂断，稍等take/leave a message 留言hang up / get off 挂断credit call 记账式电话bill the call into the 3rd party 免费电话collect call 对方付费电话4.机场场景plane / craft 飞机book 订票timetable 时间表destination 目的地one way ticket 单程票round trip ticket 来回票non-stop / direct flight 直航transfer / lay over / stop over 转机first / business / economy cabin 头等/ 商务/ 经济舱confirm the flight 确认航班check in 登记boarding card 登机牌security check 安检see off 送行送别时的祝语keep in touch 保持联系safe landing 安全着陆board 登机take off 起飞departure 离港safety / sect belt 安全带land 着陆arrival 进港pick up 接机5.公司场景job vacancy 有空缺职位letter of application 求职信resume 简历resume包括几部分basic / personal info. 基本信息/个人资料academic background 教育背景work experience 工作经验certificates and honoursinterview 面试offer 聘用信work experience 工作经验work overtime 加班ask for a raise 加钱wage 周薪salary 日薪bonus奖金allowance 津贴annual income 年收入promotion 升职fire 解雇resign 辞职retire 退休work / job / career / course 工作post / position / vocation / title 职务假期休息的说法（依次是从大到小）holiday 假日，假期vacation 休假annual leave 年假sick leave 病假rest 休息break 指喝杯茶、喝杯咖啡的休息coffee breakaway 离开一会公司职位从大到小chairman of the boardpresident -- general manager—manager –department manager—head –officer –specialist（专员）-- clerk6.租房场景live on campus 住校live off campus 住校外for sale 可销售的房子for rent / lease 可出租的房子to let 同上rent 租金utilities 公用事业费location 位置suburb / downtown 市郊/ 市中心condition 住房条件furnished 配家具unfurnished 无装修leaking 漏水blackout 断电environment 环境transportation 交通land lord 房东land lady 房东太太tenant 房客roommate 室友好的室友：neat 整洁的considerate 体贴的，细心的不好的室友：messy / untidy 脏乱的noisy 吵闹的7.医院场景see a doctor 去医院看医生send for a doctor 让医生出诊health center / clinic 卫生所/ 门诊部physician 内科医生surgeon 外科医生dentist 牙医make an appointment 预约emergency 急诊check up / exam 检查cold（感冒）——flu （流感）——headache （头痛）——sore throat（嗓子痛）——fever（发烧）——toothache（牙疼）——stomachache （胃疼）prescribe 开药方pill / tablet 药片liquid 喝药水injection => shot 注射operation 手术medical result 诊断结果8.宾馆场景make a reservation 预订房间confirm a reservation 确认预订cancel a reservation 取消预订fully booked / full up / full 客满porter 行旅员tips 小费reception 前台check in 登记入住single room 单人房double room 一张大床的双人房twin room 两张单人床的双人房suite 套房bathroom toilet / w.c closet restroom 厕所room service 客房服务（四级听力中的客房服务一般只有考一种——送餐）lounge 男士用休息区lobby 大堂business center 商务中心salon 美容厅ball 舞厅bar 酒吧night club 夜总会check out 退房9.邮局场景post / send / mail 寄letter / mail 信registered mail 挂号信regular mail 平信airmail 航空信parcel / package 包裹telegram / cable 电报rate 费率overweight 超重postage 邮资email 电子邮件reply 回复forward 转发cc（carbon copy）抄送bcc（blind carbon copy）秘密抄送subject 主题attach 附件attachment10.饭店场景eat out 出去吃take away 外带fast food 快餐book a table 订位子waiter / waitness 服务员waitressmenu 菜单order 点菜appetizer 开胃菜main course 主食dessert 餐后甜点bill 账单service charge 服务费change 找零tips 小费keep the change 不用找零了11．其他closed 关门open 开门office hours / business hours / working hours 工作时间，营业时间关于开关power on / off 开/关turn on / off 开/关switch on / off 开/ 关（这个词只能用于与电有关的开关，不能用于水龙头之类的开关）干杯cheerspropose a toast tobottom upthe best book 最好的书圣经the best thing 最好的事情选择the last thing 最不愿意做的事情the last man 最不愿意见的人best seller 畅销的东西sell up 卖完，卖光售罄sell out卖完，卖光售罄/ 出卖朋友或原则sell off 低价处理库存商品selling machine 自动售货机selling point 卖点count the days 渴望count on = dependent / rely on depend oncount in 把……考虑在内count for nothing 一钱不值count for little 无足轻重count for much 举足轻重count down 倒计时count up 相加count up to 共计关于旅行traveljourney 陆上长途旅行trip 陆上短途旅行outing 远足stroll 散步wander 徘徊picnic 野餐camping 野营tour 周游cruise 水上短途旅行voyage 水上长途旅行关于死亡的说法没有感情色彩的：die / end up / meat one’s death / decease 褒义的：pass away贬义的：kick the bucket关于和别人相处的好的说法get on with = get along (well) withbe in good term withlive in peace with关于强调point outemphasizelay / put emphasis ongive emphasis to达成协议找到出路find a way outreach an agreementreach a consensus关于“得失”gains and lossesgive and take关于拜访drop in / at / over / bystop in / over / bycall on sbcall at / round swlook in / uppay a visit topay / make a call to关于碰见，偶遇come acrossrun intobump intohappen to meet关于花钱、花费的词Take Spend Cost Charge Pay Buy 关于水waterrunning / tap ~ 自来水fresh ~ 活水still ~ 死水pure ~ 纯净水purified ~ 净化水mineral ~ 矿泉水be used to do 被用于be used to dong 习惯于get used to doing 渐渐习惯于used to do 过去常常单复数意思不太一样的词ruin 毁灭ruins 废墟authority 权威authorities 当局brain 头脑brains 智力，智慧custom 风俗习惯customs 海关damage 破坏，损坏damages 赔偿费ground 地面土地grounds 院子，监狱manner 礼貌方式manners 外貌minute 分钟minutes 会议记录paper 纸张papers 试卷time 时间times 时代关于“调查”researchsurvey 市场调查opinion poll 名义调查民意调查questionnaire 问卷调查investigation 很正式的调查interview 会见，访谈belong to 属于participate in 参加be engaged in 从事、参加be involved in 卷入消磨时间kill timepass timecount one’s thumbs用完、缺少run out ofbe short ofbe lack in lack of / ina little 一点not a little 很多a bit 一点not a bit 一点也没有短对话中常用单词和句型1.表示期待、希望、渴望做某事的说法expect / hope / wishbe eager / anxious /dying tolook for ward towait / yean / thirst / long forcan not waitcounting the days2.下列词语与“but”一样含有转折的的意思actuallywellreallyin factas a matter of factto tell you the truth3.表示建议的句型how about……做……如何I heard about……我听说……If I were you ……如果我是你……It seems to me that……在我看来似乎……Let’s ……shall we ? 让我们……怎么样？Let us ……will you ? 让我们……怎么样？Shall I / we ……What about ……做……如何Why don’t you ……你为什么不……Why not + 动词原型为什么不……Would you like ……你要……吗？Wouldn’t ……be better / wiser 做……不是更好吗？4.表示同意、附和的句型I agree with youExactlyI couldn’t agree with you more / betterI think soI can’t wait any minuteBelieve it or notI will ……if 假如……我就会It’s my turn 轮到我了我请客Why not ?You are rightI guess so 我猜也是No problem 没问题Of causeOut of question 毫无疑问So do I / me too 我也是Sure / absolutely / beautiful 当然，很好Good ideaThat sounds really nice 听起来真不错5.表示询问的句型Any questions / any thing wrong 有什么问题吗？Can you give me some ideas 可以给我一些建议吗？Do you know ……Do you want to……Do you find any wrong with 你觉得……有什么不对劲吗？How long will it take 做什么要花多久I am thinking of ……我正在考虑做……I suppose think ……我猜想……What’s your plane plan 你的计划是什么？What happens if ……如果……怎么办？What shall we do 我们该怎么做？6.表示否定的句型Actually / as a matter of fact 事实上……How can you do sth 你怎么可以……I can’t afford any disturbance 不要再烦我I couldn’t agree with youI didn’t men to 我本不打算I don’t thin k soIt doesn’t matter 无所谓I wish ……但愿……I’d like to but 我很愿意但是……I’d love to butI just can’t bearI am afraid notI am sorry but……is not everything ……不是关键no bother / why bother 不要麻烦no , thanksreallyThat’s his opinionTo tell you the truthWell , as far as I know7.表示“不得不”have to 表示客观上不得不做某事must 主观上的必须做某事be bound tocannot buthave no choice but8.表示“迟到”behind timebe delayed / overduebehind schedulebe late9.表示“紧张”trembleshake all overget one’s tongue tiedhave one’s mind go bl anknervous10.以下词组听到后意思取反mean to 想要……planned to 原计划……intended to 原打算……tended toused to 过去常常……11.以下句型要引起重视，重点听取，就算本身不是考点也一定直接引向考点反意疑问句( ……，didn’t you ?)反问句倒装句助动词do / did / doesit is ……that / who / when……的句型正确答案的特征1．含义肯定的不是正确选项，模糊的是正确选项意思具体的不是正确选项，概括的是正确选项意思详细的不是正确选项，抽象的是正确选项意思肤浅的不是正确选项，深刻的是正确选项2．含有一下单词的一般是正确选项neither / either / also / besides / almost / especially / possibly / probably / likely perhaps / might / may / maybe / could /can / all / none3．含有以下三种结构的一般可能是正确选项系表结构（系动词+标语表语）比较结构（……than……）复合句4．含有四级词汇替换项的一般是正确选项5．表示“同意或不同意”，“喜欢或不喜欢”，“应该或不应该的”的一般为正确选项6．以下三种选项一般其中有一个可能是正确选项反意项形似项近似项7．同意项不可能是正确选项，等例排除。
英语听力笔记该怎么记
英语听力笔记该怎么记在听单句时，由于句子完全孤立，没有任何语境，又只念一遍，听者只能靠一遍的理解和记忆，在选择项中找出意思与原文相同或相近者。
接下来，小编给大家准备了英语听力笔记该怎么记,欢迎大家参考与借鉴。
英语听力笔记关于听力应试方面，我们主张培养学生"抢读预测"+"五边处理法"这种眼、耳、手、口、脑并用的积极主动的应试技能。
"抢读预测"即利用导言及题与题之间的间隙，提前扫视选项，预测出题方向，以便等录音内容开始时可以有目的地捕捉所需信息。
"五边处理法"即边听，边理解，边复述(适用于单句、短对话和数据方面的内容)，边做笔记，边猜测(推断)。
这里我们重点谈谈"立即复述"、"做笔记"与听的关系以及这"二边"的具体操作方法。
很多同学讲，"考听力时我都听懂了，可等到作选择的时候，却好像有一半都记不清了。
"这是极正常的，原因是我们在听的时候，大部分注意力在理解方面，加上没有及时对所提细节做笔记，自然便会听了后面忘了前面，而听力测试的重点往往就在细节的辨识上。
因此，考生不仅要听懂录音中的语言信息，还应通过一些有效途径在短时内强记重要信息，如年代、人物、事件、地点、单价、折扣价(幅度)、门牌号等。
一个人即使记忆力再好，要记清如此多的细节也不容易，那么只有靠笔记帮忙。
(1)养成立即复述的习惯记笔记是有诀窍的。
在听单句(statement)时，由于句子完全孤立，没有任何语境，又只念一遍，听者只能靠一遍的理解和记忆，在选择项中找出意思与原文相同或相近者。
因此，准确捕捉所给信息是问题的关键。
这时必须借助"立即复述"这一有效手段，即：在听录音时以仅落后1-2秒的时间立即重复原试句，以帮助强化记忆，作出正确选择。
有人曾作过实验，结果表明："一个语言信号只经过外耳道，在大脑中理解记忆的可能性假设为一，那么经过口头复述，在大脑中理解记忆的可能性则为三。
2023年12月四级考试听力备考笔记
12月四级考试听力备考笔记(1)考试结构：Section A：10 short conversations 复习的重点Section B：最也许考三个段子（3 passages）。
另一方面，有也许考复合式听写（Compound Dictation）或听写填空（Spot Dictation）。
提高听力的环节：第一步，听懂考题；第二步，总结考题规律；第三步，了解考试自身，做类型题。
短对话题型分类：Section A考题为六种题型。
无论每个考题的具体内容是什么，考题的题型总在反复。
我们要培养解类型题的能力。
比如在态度方向题中，每个考题的内容肯定不同。
但题型高度一致，解题的方向也必然相同。
如：Would you go to dance with me tonight?第二人的回答只有两种Yes或No。
我们要听的是第二个人的态度方向。
这个题问去跳舞吗？而此外的一个完全不同的考题也许会问去看电影吗？去音乐会吗？去野餐吗？去看比赛吗？这些不同的考题在我们的耳朵里就应当是同一类考题。
我们要听的是：他在问去还是不去？第二人要回答Yes还是No。
而解题点即对的选项一定就在第二人的回答的开头。
听力范围：Campus life考察对象：College students（在什么都没听清的情况下，异性猜classmate，同性猜roommate）一、语音问题：连读小练习1. rush hour 高峰时间，尖峰时刻；2. cheer up 使振奋，使快乐；3. check (it) out 借书；办理出院手续；彻底检查；退房（check in 开房）；4. travel agent 旅行社（travel agency, travel bureau）；financial aid 经济资助；5. turn down 关掉，拒绝；turn on 打开二、口语问题：注意语气，语调，语汇。
例如：1. tape 胶带；cassette 磁带。
英语听力速记笔记
•
“.d”表示yesterday, “.y”表示last year, “.2m”表示
two months ago。
第二十六页，共44页。
常用(chánɡ yònɡ)速记标点汇编
• 表示转折(zhuǎnzhé)，如however, yet, still, but,
nevertheless
• √ 表示“好的”状态：right/good, famous/well-known.
第十四页，共44页。
• BAL BLDG
Balance Building
第十五页，共44页。
• CERT CFM COND CO.
Certificate Conform Condition Company
第十六页，共44页。
• DEPT DISC DPT
Department Discount Departure
例如：socialism Sm
-tion 简 简写(jiǎnxiě)为 n 例如：standardization (标准
化) stdn
-cian 简 简写(jiǎnxiě)为 o 例如：technician techo
-ing 简写(MKTg
如2 weeks ago可以写成“. 2wk”，而相对的2 weeks after就是 “2wk.”。用这样的方式，既节约时间，又能清楚记录听到的信息。
第五页，共44页。
听力速记(sùjì) －－－掌握细节的真功夫
常用速记缩略词 四大速记符号系统 常用速记标点汇编 常用速记数字符号汇编 常用速记箭头汇编 常用速记字母(zìmǔ)／图像汇编
• 简写符号和速记技巧只是帮助考生记忆和理解 原文信息，但不能喧宾夺主 ，完全依赖简写 符号进行记忆。