初中英语-介词专项

介词

一．概念：介词用来表明名词与句中其他词的关系，介词是虚词，不能独立充当句子成分介词短语能够充当句子成分, 介词短语= 介词+介词宾语（名词、宾格代词、动名词等充当）

二、常用

1、in 在......之内

1) 表示地点，表示大地点。She’s in China with her mom and dad.

2)表示时间，表示在某一个时间段内The weather is cold in winter.

3) 表示颜色和语言也用介词in。

Do you know the girl in red? I can write this article in English.

2、from 从......中来

1) come from I come from China and I’m Chinese.

2) download from I download music from the Internet.

3) be different from Lily’s habits are different from Linda’s.

3. with 和，用，与

1) with sb 和......人在一起I’m in Class One with Daming and Lingling.

2）with sth. 表示用某种工具I write with my pen, and I see with my eyes.

4. at 在......

1) 表地点，主小地点。My father is a teacher at Beijing International School.

2) 表时间，主指时间的一个点。I get up at half past seven in the morning.

3) be good at 擅长于...... I am good at reading and writing.

5. behind 在......后面The classrooms are behind the offices.

6. next to 紧挨着The library is next to the classrooms.

7. in front of 在......前面They are in front of Tony and Daming.

8. for 为了......，因为。。。。Thank you for your email.

9. on 在......上，在......时

1）表示时间，表示具体的一天。Would you like to go to a football match on Sunday?

2）表示地点on the farm on the playground

10. to 自，向

1）talk to 与......谈论We have a break and I talk to my friends.

2) go to 去He likes films and he often goes to the cinema.

3）welcome to 欢迎到...... Welcome to Beijing Zoo.

4）listen to 听They always listen to music.

5）connect......to .和...连接一起Please connect the monitor to the computer first.

三、．常用的介词的区别：

①in, to, on在方位名词前的区别

1. in表示A地在B地范围之内，如Taiwan is in the southeast of China.

2. to表示A地在B地范围之外（有距离），如：Japan lies to the east of China.

3. on表示A地与B地接壤、毗邻，如：North Korea is on the east of China.

②. at, in, on, by在表示时间上的区别

1. at指时间表示：

（1）时间的点、时刻等。

They came home at noon （at sunrise, at midnight, at ten o’clock, at daybreak）.

（2）较短暂的一段时间。可指某个节日或被认为是一年中标志大事的日子。

He went home at New Year （at Christmas, at the Spring Festival）.

2. in指时间表示：

（1）在某个较长的时间（如世纪、年、月、季节以及泛指的上午、下午或傍晚等）内。

in 2004, in March, in spring, in the morning, in the evening

（2）在一段时间之后。一般用于将来时，谓语动词为非延续性动词，意为“在……以后”。

He will arrive in two hours.

（3）谓语动词为延续性动词时，in意为“在……以内”。

These products will be made in a month.

3. on指时间表示：

（1）具体的时日和一个特定的时间，如某日、节日、星期几等,

On Christmas Day there will be a party.

（2）在某个特定的早晨、下午或晚上。

He arrived at 8o’clock on the night of Friday.

（3）准时，按时。

If the train can be on time, I should get home before dark.

4. by指时间表示：

（1）不迟于，在（某时）前。如：He will come by six o’clock.

（2）在……间，在……的时候。如：He worked by day and studied by night.

③. near, by, beside, at表示“在……附近”时的区别

1. near表示相对的近，实际距离可能还很远。Suzhou is near Shanghai.

2. by和beside都表示靠近，实际距离不很远，但beside比by更具体地表示出“在……旁边”的意思。He was sitting beside her. He is walking by the river.

3. at也有“在旁边”的意思，但多表示有目的的行为所处的位置，而by和beside仅表示位置关系。

如：The students are sitting at the table listening to the teacher.

Several students are sitting by / beside the door talking about a music.

④. at, in和on表示地点时的区别

1. at表示地点：

（1）用于指较小的地方。arrive at，接小地方I will wait for you at the station. （2）用于门牌号码前。He lives at 11 Zhongshan Road.

2. in表示地点：arrive in 接较大地方He lives in Shanghai.

3. on表示地点，一般指与面或线接触，意为“在……上；在……旁”。

The picture was hanging on the wall.