《英语短篇小说选读》讲义(第四周)
Unit4英语短篇小说教程ppt课件
在整堂课的教学中，刘教师总是让学 生带着 问题来 学习， 而问题 的设置 具有一 定的梯 度，由 浅入深 ，所提 出的问 题也很 明确
The Character:
A round character: usually has more than one quality, and grows in the course of the story development, as he reacts to events and to other characters.
such as “he’s utterly selfish” or “he loves only himself.” The indirect presentation, on the other hand, does not mention
the trait but display and exemplifies it in various ways, leaving the reader the task of inferring the quality they imply.
A dynamic character, on the other hand, is one who is modified by actions and experiences, and one objective of the work in which the character appears is to reveal the consequences of these actions.
在整堂课的教学中，刘教师总是让学 生带着 问题来 学习， 而问题 的设置 具有一 定的梯 度，由 浅入深 ，所提 出的问 题也很 明确
Unit Four
英文经典短篇小说阅读与赏析课件
The star guided the three men to a manger ( /ˈmeɪndʒə/马槽) where they discovered the child.
The men offered the child their gifts: gold（黄金）, incense （乳香） and myrrh（/ mə/殁 药）. This event is known as
But later Jim gives Della a beautiful set of combs, which proves to be of no use for her now.
Then, Della gives the chain to Jim, but is told that Jim has sold his gold watch to get the money to buy the combs for her hair.
Part I Comprehension and appreciation
Time: On Christmas Eve
Event: Buying gifts
Characters: Della and Jim (Magi)
About the plot Logic: Beginning-Development-Result
the Adoration of the Magi.
That night, God told them in
their dreams to ignore Herod's
orders. The next day the Magi
left secretly.
Massacre of the Innocents /ˈmæsəkə(r) / /ˈɪnəsnt /
《英语短篇小说选读》讲义(13周)
Theme:
•The statement about views of life. •It is an abstract concept (general ideas) (particular)
Theme Versus Subject
• Subject: what a work is about. It can usually
• When you have stated the theme of a story, would you say that the theme of that particular story reinforces values you hold, or does it to some degree challenge them?
II. Difference between theme and
subject
1
2
Subject:
•The focal point of the story. •Such as fate, love, war, death, growth, racial prejudice, etc. (universal)
Instructor: Esther Lv 28th November, 2014 Week 13
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III. Finding the theme
How can we identify the theme of a story? • Asking questions
In other words, what specific details, characters, actions, incidents, etc, suggest the truth of the theme statement?
英语短篇小说教程本科课件Unit3、4
A dynamic character, on the other hand, is one who is modified by actions and experiences, and one objective of the work in which the character appears is to reveal the consequences of these actions.
英语短篇小说教程
Short Stories in English: A Reading Course
Unit Three
The Setting and the Theme Reading: “The Discus Thrower” by Richard Selzer
The Setting and the Background:
The cultural setting refers to the social conventions and the general environment, for example, the religious, moral, political and emotional conditions by which characters may be constrained.
The Character:
王守仁《英国文学选读》（第3、4版）笔记和课后习题（含考研真题）详解
目 录第1单元 杰弗里·乔叟1.1 复习笔记1.2 课后习题详解1.3 考研真题与典型题详解第2单元 威廉·莎士比亚2.1 复习笔记2.2 课后习题详解2.3 考研真题与典型题详解第3单元 弗朗西斯·培根3.1 复习笔记3.2 课后习题详解3.3 考研真题与典型题详解第4单元 17世纪英国诗人4.1 复习笔记4.2 课后习题详解4.3 考研真题与典型题详解第5单元 冒险小说作家5.1 复习笔记5.2 课后习题详解5.3 考研真题与典型题详解第6单元 浪漫主义诗人(1)6.1 复习笔记6.2 课后习题详解6.3 考研真题与典型题详解第7单元 简·奥斯汀7.1 复习笔记7.2 课后习题详解7.3 考研真题与典型题详解第8单元 浪漫主义诗人(2)8.1 复习笔记8.2 课后习题详解8.3 考研真题与典型题详解第9单元 夏洛蒂·勃朗特9.1 复习笔记9.2 课后习题详解9.3 考研真题与典型题详解第10单元 查尔斯·狄更斯10.1 复习笔记10.2 课后习题详解10.3 考研真题与典型题详解第11单元 维多利亚时代的诗人11.1 复习笔记11.2 课后习题详解11.3 考研真题与典型题详解第12单元 托马斯·哈代12.1 复习笔记12.2 课后习题详解12.3 考研真题与典型题详解第13单元 现代剧作家13.1 复习笔记13.2 课后习题详解13.3 考研真题与典型题详解第14单元 约瑟夫·康拉德14.1 复习笔记14.2 课后习题详解14.3 考研真题与典型题详解第15单元 20世纪英国诗人(1) 15.1 复习笔记15.2 课后习题详解15.3 考研真题与典型题详解第16单元 现代主义小说家(1)16.1 复习笔记16.2 课后习题详解16.3 考研真题与典型题详解第17单元 现代主义小说家(2) 17.1 复习笔记17.2 课后习题详解17.3 考研真题与典型题详解第18单元 E. M. 福斯特18.1 复习笔记18.2 课后习题详解18.3 考研真题与典型题详解第19单元 威廉·戈尔丁19.1 复习笔记19.2 课后习题详解19.3 考研真题与典型题详解第20单元 多丽斯·莱辛20.1 复习笔记20.2 课后习题详解20.3 考研真题与典型题详解第21单元 约翰·福尔斯21.1 复习笔记21.2 课后习题详解21.3 考研真题与典型题详解第22单元 20世纪英国诗人(2) 22.1 复习笔记22.2 课后习题详解22.3 考研真题与典型题详解第23单元 A. S. 拜厄特23.1 复习笔记23.2 课后习题详解23.3 考研真题与典型题详解第24单元 V. S. 奈保尔24.1 复习笔记24.2 课后习题详解24.3 考研真题与典型题详解第25单元 格雷厄姆·斯维夫特25.1 复习笔记25.2 课后习题详解25.3 考研真题与典型题详解第26单元 石黑一雄26.1 复习笔记26.2 课后习题详解26.3 考研真题与典型题详解第27单元 伊恩·麦克尤恩27.1 复习笔记27.2 课后习题详解27.3 考研真题与典型题详解第28单元 朱利安·巴恩斯28.1 复习笔记28.2 课后习题详解28.3 考研真题与典型题详解第1单元 杰弗里·乔叟1.1 复习笔记Geoffrey Chaucer (杰弗里·乔叟)(1343-1400)1. Life (生平)Geoffrey Chaucer, born in 1343 in London, is the founder of English poetry. He was the son of a wine merchant who had connections with the Court. He later became a courtier and comptroller.Chaucer’s learning was wide in scope. He obtained a good knowledge of Latin, French and Italian. He had broad and intimate acquaintance with persons high and low in all walks of life, and knew well the whole life of his time, which left great impressions upon his works and particularly upon his variegated depiction of the English society of his time.He died in 1400 and was buried in W estminster Abbey, thus founding the Poets’ Corner.杰弗里·乔叟于1343年出生于伦敦，他是英语诗歌之父。
Unit 4 英语短篇小说教程
Why did the narrator say by the end of the story “I did not entirely dislike Mr. Kelada”?
(Somerset Maugham, “Mr. Know-All,” lines 87-91)
Characterization, the indirect method Sample 2:
“Do you like card tricks?” “No, I hate card tricks,” I answered. “Well, I’ll just show you this one.” He showed me three. Then I said I would go down to the dining room and get my seat at table. “Oh, that’s all right,” he said. “I’ve already taken a seat for you. I thought that as we were in the same stateroom we might just as well sit at the same table.” (Somerset Maugham, “Mr. Know-All,” lines 77-83)
There are two basic types of textual indicators of character:
英语短篇小说阅读指导ppt课件
Focusing on emotions
Setting: outside the station the night before
This part of the story is told in flashback(倒叙).
That had taken some time, so much he missed the last train and when the police found him shivering outside the locked up station, so cold he couldn’t answer loudly enough the pink-faced big copper who yelled in his face, “What’s your name sir?” spraying his face with spittle as he did so, leaving them no choice but to search an exhausted, frozen old black man and finding him in possession of mysterious condiments including a bag of dried bitter-leaf which could of course be mistaken for anything that resulted in him getting read his rights and charged with … possession???
Focusing on emotions
Setting: on the way home
Tip: Read emotions through characters’ interaction!
英语短篇小说阅读指导PPT课件
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Guidance on reading short stories
---focusing on emotions
把握短篇小说中的情感表达
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A sample of a short story
• Setting: when and where • Characters: who • Plot: what • Theme: the message of the story
苏州工业园区星海实验中学 许毅颖
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Warm-up activity—sentence relay game
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Warm-up activity—sentence relay game
• 1. Every man is guilty of all the good he didn’t do. • 2. Love is like war: easy to begin but hard to stop. • 3. Hope is being able to see light despite the darkness. • 4. The only thing we have to fear is fear itself. • 5. When anger rises, think of the consequences. • 6. Every gift from a friend is a wish for your happiness.
Focusing on emotions
Setting: outside the station the night before
英美文学选读串讲（4）
c. The natural world comes to the forefront of the poetic imagination. Nature is not only the major source of poetic imagery, but also provides the dominant subject matter.d. To escape from a world. Wordsworth, Coleridge and Southey chose to live by the lakeside so as to escape from the "madding crowd," while Byron and Shelley rejected the entire English society by their self-imposed exile. e. Romantics also tend to be nationalistic（民族主义）. B. 散⽂ The Romantic period is also a great age of prose. Coleridge, Hazlitt, Lamb, and De Quincey were the leading figures. A）. William Hazlitt is a great critic on Shakespeare, Elizabethan drama, and English poetry. His last book is a four-volume Life of Napoleon. B）. Charles Lamb is a lovable essayist. Lamb's Essays of Elia is a good work that leads to a delightful interpretation of the life of London. C）. De Quincey is one of the keenest intellects of the age. The great literary merit of his Confessions of an English Opium Eater lies in his subtle revelation of the potentiality of human dreams. C. ⼩说 A）. Austen is of the 18th-century in her moral outlook. Her view of life is a totally realistic one. The major theme of her novels is love and marriage. B）. After establishing himself as a writer of romantic historical narrative poetry, Scott switched to novel writing. Waverley, Old Martality, The Heart of Midlothian, Rob Roy, and Ivanhoe are among the most popular ones of his novels. He is the first major historical novelist. C）. Gothic novel: 哥特式⼩说 a. Nature: Gothic novel, a type of romantic fiction that predominated in the late eighteenth century, was one phase of the Romantic movement. b. Subject matters: Its principal elements are violence, horror, and the supernatural. c. Works: Works like The Mysteries of Udolpho by Ann Radcliffe and Frankenstein by Mary Shelley are typical Gothic romance. D. 戏剧 Shelley's Prometheus Unbound and The Cenci, Byron's Manfred and Coleridge's Remorse are generally regarded as the best verse plays during this period. 本章主要作家及作品 布莱克 William Blake A. 创作 A）. The earlier period: a. The first printed work: Poetical Sketches is his first printed work, which is a collection of youthful verse. b. The songs of Innocence: It is a lovely volume of poems, presenting a happy and innocent world. c. The songs of Experience: It paints a different world, a world of misery, poverty, disease, war and repression with a melancholy tone. Childhood is central to Blake's concern in the Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience, and this concern gives the two books a strong social and historical reference. d. Marriage of Heaven and Hell: Blake's Marriage of Heaven and Hell marks his entry into maturity. In this poem, Blake explores the relationship of the contraries. B）. The later Period: a. In his later period, Blake wrote quite a few prophetic books, and showed the poet himself as the spokesman of revolt. b. The major ones are: The Book of Urizen, The Book of Los, The Four Zoas and Milton. B. 艺术成就 A）. The strong visual mind: From childhood, Blake had a strongly visual mind; whatever he imagined, he also saw. B）. The language: Blake writes his poems in plain and direct language. His poems often carry the lyric beauty with immense compression of meaning. C）.The Symbolism in wide range is also a distinctive feature of his poetry. 华兹·华斯 William Wordsworth A. 创作 A）. Wordsworth had a long poetic career. His first volumes are Descriptive Sketches, an Evening Walk. B）. The Lyrical Ballads differs in marked ways from his early poetry, notably the uncompromising simplicity of much of the language, the Lyrical Ballads are among the best of his achievements. C）. The Prelude is regarded as Wordsworth's greatest work. D）. In 1807 Poems in Two Volumes was published. The work contains much of Wordsworth's finest. B.作品主题 According to the subjects, Wordsworth's short poems can be classified into two groups: poems about nature and poems about human life. A）. The worshipper of nature: Wordsworth is regarded as a "worshipper of nature." He can penetrate to the heart of things and give the reader the very life of nature. To Wordsworth, nature acts as a substitute for imaginative and intellectual engagement. It's nature that gives him "strength and knowledge full of peace." B）. The theme of his works:。
《英语短篇小说选读》讲义(第四周)(2) (2)
Omniscient point of view
• Definition: a narrator knows everything about all the characters. (all-knowing) • Such a narrator is free to move and to comment at will, and can tell us what characters say and do as well as their thoughts and feelings. • E.g. Kate Chopin’s “The Story of an Hour”
Today’s Agenda
—Continued study on story 2
—Free discussion —Unit 2 point of view (I)
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Benefits: • Readers see events from the perspective of an important character • Readers often understand the main character better Detriments: • The narration is tightly controlled and limited in its access to information. • Readers see only one perspective
Limited omniscient point of view
• Definition: The knowledge is restricted to one character. • What the reader learns about the events in a story is always restricted to what the narrator can see or know. • Stream of consciousness (20th century)
英语短篇小说教程电子教案-Unit4
The direct presentation names the character trait or sums it up, such as “he’s utterly selfish” or “he loves only himself.”
Individualized and type characters:
Individualized characters are ones endowed with traits that mark them as individuals, as opposed to type characters. Individualized characters belong, generally speaking, to realism, as opposed to the type characters of romanticism.
The common methods of indirect presentation:
the act and speech in the form of behavior and conversation;
the activity of mind in musing, meditation, selfdebating or interior monologue;
• character • hero and heroine • anti-hero • protagonist / main character • antagonist • foil
The anti-hero
The anti-hero is a fictional character occupying a central position in the plot but possessing qualities antithetical to those of the traditional hero.
英文短篇小说,提供英语短篇小说在线阅读与下载!
三一文库（）〔英文短篇小说,提供英语短篇小说在线阅读与下载!〕*篇一：《英语短篇小说选读》教学大纲《英语短篇小说选读》教学大纲作为一门选修课，《英语短篇小说选读》主要面向英语专业本、专科学生，同时兼顾非英语专业各科英语成绩优异并对英语文学感兴趣的学生。
本课程旨在通过引导学生仔细研读英语短篇小说，欣赏其精美的语言和深邃的思想，提高学生的语言素养，帮助学生了解西方的思想与文化，培养学生阅读、欣赏英语文学作品、撰写读后感和简短评论的能力。
课时安排：每周两次，每次两小时，共授课一学期使用教材：姜晓梅（编著）《英语小说名篇赏析》，世界图书出版公司，1999年10月，西安具体教学内容：Chapter1IWanttoKnowWhybySherwoodAndersonChapter2TheDarlingbyAntonChekhovChapter3ARoseforEmilybyWilliamFauknerChapter4TheSnowsofKilimanjarobyErnestHemingwayChapter5TheCapandtheAnthembyO.HeyChapter6ArabybyJamseJoyceChapter7TheMagicBarrelbyBernardMalamudChapter8LifeofMaParkerbyKatherineMansfieldChapter9TheNecklacebyGuydeMaupassantChapter10TheStoryofanHourbyKateChopin参考书目：叶华年《英语短篇小说导读—结构与理解》，华东师范大学出版社，1999《英国短篇小说选》（上、下），上海译文出版社，1982王佐良，刘承沛《美国短篇小说选》，商务印书馆，1984 *篇二：外国短篇小说选读分惊异，瞪大眼珠子看守着。
不久，挂上暂停使用的牌子，忙着要把粪便挑走??终于到了傍黑时分，厕所租金达八贯之多，粪便挑走了五担。
英语专业泛读教程第四册课文翻译
英语专业泛读教程第四册课文翻译课文一天才与工匠许多人羡慕作家们的精彩小说，但却很少有人知道作家们是如何辛勤笔耕才使一篇小说问世的。
以下的短文将讨论小说的酝酿过程，以及作家是如何将这小说雕琢成一件精致完美的艺术品。
有一次，我在暮色中来到小树林边一棵鲜花盛开的小桃树前。
我久久站在那里凝视着，直到最后一道光线消逝。
我看不到那树原先的模样，看不见曾穿透果核，能崩碎你的牙齿的力量，也看不到那使它与橡树和绿草相区别的原则。
显现在我面前的，是一种深邃而神秘的魅力。
当读者读到一部杰出的小说时，他也会这样如痴如狂，欲将小说字字句句刻骨铭心，不提出任何问题。
但即使是个初学写作者也知道，除那将小说带到世上的文字之外，还有更多的构成小说生命的因素，小说的生命并不始于写作，而始于内心深处的构思。
要创作出有独创性的作品，并不要求懂得创造的功能。
多少世纪以来的艺术、哲学及科学创造都出自人们的头脑，而创造者也许从未想到去关注创造的内在过程。
然而，在我看来，对创造工作一定程度的了解，至少会使我们通过知道两个事实，增长我们处理正在出现的故事的智慧。
首先，天赋不是掌握了技艺的艺术家独有的特性，而是人脑的创造性功能。
不仅所有对技艺的掌握都含有天赋，而且每个人都具有天赋，无论他的天赋发展是何等不充分。
对技艺的掌握是天赋的显现，是经过培养的，发展了的和受过训练的天赋。
你的天赋在最原始的层面上起作用。
它的任务就是创造。
它是你的故事的创造者。
第二，将你的小说带进世界的文字是艺术家的工作，它就和一个泥瓦匠的工作一样，有意识、谨慎而实实在在。
天赋正如理解力、记忆力和想象力一样是我们的精神禀赋中的天然部分，而技艺却不是。
它必须通过实践才能学到，并要通过实践才能掌握。
如果要使在我们内心深处浮现的故事跃然纸上，光彩照人，那么，每个故事都须有感染力极强的优雅文笔。
只有健全的技艺才能使我们做到这一点。
一个故事是如何酝酿成的呢？据说，我们从一生中的前二十年，或许前五年起就开始写作。
英语短篇小说教程全册配套优质PPT电子教案
Comment on the following statement:
Israel Zangwill, an English writer, says something about the “truth” of fiction. Do you agree to this opinion?
“In Literature, everything is true except names and places; in history nothing is true except names and places. ”
The Random House Dictionary definition of the word “fiction”:
The class of literature comprising works of imaginative narration, esp. in prose form.
The four main categories of literature:
Do you agree to this opinion?
“Autobiography is fiction, for in the process of writing the author will have inevitably created a fictitious character.”
The former has two levels of understanding, the narrative level and the authorial level, or the surface level and the deep level of understanding;
The former allows different interpretations; The former requires imaginative participation on the
英美短篇小 说Unit 4 A New Dress
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8
Important Works
• Novels
• The Voyage Out (1915) • Jacob's Room (1922) • Mrs. Dalloway (1925) • To the Lighthouse (1927) • Orlando (1928) • The Waves (1931) • Between the Acts (1941)
Unit 4 A New Dress
---- Virginia Woolf
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Outline
• About the author • Warm-up questions • Textual analysis • Critical response and impact
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About the author---Virginia Woolf
immediately announces to herself "No. It was not right".
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Character Analysis
• Dual personality, as is suggested, mainly refers to the contradictory features existing in one’s character. For the protagonist Mabel, the self-conflicts within her spiritual world was deeply discovered and described by the author, vividly presenting her dual personality, which impressed readers with not only her own character but more importantly, the weakness of human nature.
《英语短篇小说选读》讲义(第八周)详解
(3) General environment of the characters, such as historical background, religion, occupation, moral and emotional conditions. (4) The character’s occupation and daily manner of living.
Welcome to my class!
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Instructor: Wang Jiumin
25th
October, 2016
Week 8
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Created with Haiku Deck
Created with Haiku Deck
Chapter 4 Setting (I)
I. Definition of plot II. Functions III. Case Study
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Today’s Age1 Plot (I)
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《海明威短篇小说赏析》ppt Unit4 Indian Camp
• “there’s some stitches to put in. You can watch this or not, Nick, just as you like. I’m going to sew up the incision I made.
woman? lady? bitch?
• Old Indian Woman:
hold the lamp at the doorway; boil the water hold the lamp during the operation get the baby mother of the young woman ?
I: Characters
• Young Indian Woman
labouring for two days; big, screamed, cried out, bite Uncle George with her eyes open, didn't know what had become of her newly born boy or anything
• Nick's father:
doctor, professionally skillful? Humane?Crule?
• Uncle George:
hurried to the camp, camp rowboat smoke cigar; distribute cigar pull the quilt: the most suitable man??? bitten by the young Indian woman,"Damned square bitch" disappeared mysteriously his mysterious intention to bebave???Why??
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Through what kind of ways did the author build the atmosphere? Find words or sentences in the story that create an atmosphere
Story 3 Discussion
☆Three years ago ☆Her aunt’s husband and two brothers ☆They went hunting for snipe with a little spaniel(西班牙猎 犬) . They left through that very window, but they never returned because they were engulfed by a piece of bog（沼 泽). Their bodies were never found. ☆Vera’s aunt believes that the men will return one day, that they will enter the house the way they left, through the open window. That is why the window is kept open every evening until dark; • “Do you know, sometimes on still, quiet evenings like this, I almost get a creepy feeling that they will all walk in through that window - "
author
THE OPEN WINDOW
Hector Hugh Munro
赫克托· 门罗
(1870-1916) Pen name: Saki Occupation: Author, Playwright Nationality: British
Master of short stories. Often be compared to O Henry.
The actions of the unnamed narrator calculating—murder—dismembering—beating of the heart—officers—confess
Story 3 Discussion
Close-reading From what point of view is this story told? The first-person point of view
story 3 The Tell-Tale Heart —Edgar Allen Poe —Point of view
Adapted film
Story 3 Discussion
泄密的心 Tell-Tale (2009) 全片播放 导演: 迈克尔· 科斯塔 编剧: 戴夫· 卡拉汉姆 / 埃德加· 爱伦· 坡 主演: 乔什· 卢卡斯 / 琳娜· 海蒂 / 类型: 剧情 / 科幻 / 惊悚 / 恐怖 制片国家/地区: 英国 / 美国 语言: 英语 上映日期: 2009-04-24 片长: 93 分钟
Point of View
Third-person narrative from the point view of Mr. Nuttel.
Who opens and conducts the conversation? Vera
Plot Analysis:
Climax
Complication
Falling Action
Instructor: Wang Jiumin
28th September, 2016
Week 4
Photo by Zitona - Creative Commons Attribution License /photos/zitona
Created with Haiku Deck
Story 3 Discussion
His writing style Poe's best known fiction works are Gothic, a genre he followed to appease the public taste. His most recurring themes deal with questions of death. Beyond horror, Poe also wrote satires and humor tales. For comic effect, he used irony and ludicrous extravagance.
Today’s Agenda
—Review on Unit 2 (I) —discussion on story 3 and story 4
Photo by 55Laney69 - Creative Commons Attribution License https:///photos/42875184@N08
Beginning:
• After some small talks, Vera calls Framton's attention to the large, French window in the room, which is open despite the fact that it is October. And then she began to tell her aunt’s “tragic story”….. What is her story?
"I hope you don't mind the open window," said Mrs. Sappleton briskly; "my husband and brothers will be home directly from shooting, and they always come in this way….”
Close-reading
Point to the details that identify its speaker as an unreliable narrator?
Assignment for this week —preview on story 4 extensive reading Your presentation about the
Story 3 Discussion
Close-reading Did the story scared you? Which part of the story scared you most? What could have made it scary?
Story 3 Discussion
Main Works
The Tell-Tale Heart
The Black Cat
The Fall of the House of Usher
The Raven
Annabel Lee
To Helen
Story 3 Discussion
Summary of the plot
unnamed narrator
Do you think this point of view is effective? Yes, it is both significant and effective. It allows the reader to engage in the thoughts of the narrator and make a conclusion about his or her character.
PLOT
Exposition
Resolution
Beginning:
• Introduction of the main character:
• Framton Nuttle: a slightly nervous person who is undergoing a nerve cure. His sister introduced him to visit Mrs. Sappelton in anther town to take a rest. . • Mrs. Sappelton’s niece---Vera: a very selfpossessed （镇静、泰然自若）young lady.
Created with Haiku Deck
Summary of Unit 2
I. Definition of point of view
It refers to the standpoint from which the author presents the actions of the story, or , to put it in another way, who tells us the story and how it is told.
II. Functions of point of view
1. influence our understanding 2. decide how much the reader should know
III. Categories of point of view By the narrator’s relationship with the character
First person and third person point of view
By the extent of the narrator’s knowledge of the events
Omniscient, limited omniscient, objective (dramatic) and “innocent eye”.