【VIP专享】英汉翻译(6)转性与变态38
[实用参考]汉译英翻译技巧之转性词翻译.ppt
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earthquake.（动词转译形容词）
二、名词的转译
• 1、名词转化为动词
•
英语中有一部分动词是从名词派生而来的，有的英语
名词同时可以兼做动词用。汉语中的名词，尤其是抽象名
词，如果也把它们翻译成英语名词，那么句子就会不地道，
不符合英文的习惯。在这种情况下，我们可以把这些汉语
名词译为相应的英语动词，原来主语、表语或宾语的定语
就译为英语中的主语。例如：
•
1)雄伟的人民大会堂给我们留下了深刻的印象。
•
The magnificent Great Hall of the People impressed us
tremendously.
•
2)他的画的特点是笔力沉着，色彩鲜艳。His paintings
are characterized by steady strokes and bright colors.
enthusiasm of his hospitality.
•
她身体虽弱，但思想健康。
•
She is physically weak but mentally sound.
•
注解：名词“身体”和“思想”转换成了副词
“physically”和“mentally”。
（二）副词转译形容词或形容词转译副词
•
（动2词）的操转作译机器需要懂得机名器词的的一转些译性能。 形容词或副词的转译
•
The operation of a machine needs some knowledge of its function（动词转
译名词）
•
（3）他到商店去买酱油。
•
He went to the shop for a bottle of sauce.（动词转译介词）
6-1翻译的基本技巧-转性(英语翻译)
The snake catches the toad that eats the insect that nibbles the green grass. 蛇吃癞蛤蟆，癞蛤蟆吃虫子，虫子吃 绿叶。
语境的定义很广,而且不同学派、不同学 科对其有不同的论述。当代语言学家一 般把语境分为两大类,即语言语境和非语 言语境。胡壮麟(1994)把语境分为三类: 语言语境(linguistic context)、情景语境 ( situational context )和文化语境 ( cultural context)。
1. 那个男孩哭得似乎心碎了，当我问他时， 他说他已有两天没吃东西了，实在饿极了。 2. 施恩勿记，受恩勿忘。 3. 物不如新，人不如旧。 4.他停住脚步, 转过身来, 目光落在一个年迈 妇女身上。她身材高挑, 虽受岁月的磨难而憔 悴, 但风韵仍不减当年。
复习
3 Words
一个词的词义不是单一的个体，而往往是 由多方面组成的统一体。 词义可以分成 概念意义（Conceptual Meaning） 关联意义（Associative Meaning）
理解了文化语境，再结合情景语境(如 商务活动),最终能推断出它的意思是说 那人很会做生意,他无需花太多气力,就 会像点物成金那样轻松赚钱。 译:他很会做生意,轻轻松松赚大钱。
强调两点
1“ 尽信书不如无书”--- 活用字典
①他在国外期间接触了各种各样的人。 ②这孩子非常小的时候便开始接触英语。 ③“ 你们偶然看见一颗花生毖缩地长在地上, 不能立刻辫出它有没有果实, 非得等到你接触 它才能知道。”
英译汉教学转性译法
导的状语从句。因此，原文中 for 这个介词在译文中被处理成连接 词“因为”，定语 his 转译成了主语“他”，定语 continuous 转译 成了状语“不断地”，名词 encouragement 转译成了动词“鼓 励”，定语 during my childhood 转译成了状语“在我小时候“。） • Millions of the people in the mountainous areas are finally off poverty. • 千百万山区人民终于摆脱了贫穷。（介词转为动词） • He came to my home for help. • 他来到我家，请求帮助。（介词转为动词）
a walk. • 每天早上，她都要到湖区去散步。（名词转为动
一、转性译法
• My suggestion is that he should quit smoking at once. • 我建议他立刻戒烟。（由于原文中的主语转译成了谓语，原文主语
前的定语也相应地转译成主语。） • I am so grateful to my father for his continuous encouragement
一、转性译法
• Her hatred for them grew more. • 她对他们越来越憎恨。（动词转为名词） • He is an ardent lover of classic music. • 他酷爱古典音乐。（动词转为名词） • He is a commander of a regiment. • 他指挥着一个团。（动词转为名词） • He is the murder of his boss. • 他谋杀了他的老板。（动词转为名词） • He had been the ruler of that region for as long as twenty years. • 他统治那个地区长达二十年之久。（动词转为名词） • He was between sheets by eleven. • 十一点时，他已准在被窝里。（动词转为名词） • He wrote down his own name on the wall with his finger. • 他用手指在墙上写下了自己的名字。（动词转为名词）
英汉笔译—转性译法
Chinese character: not inflective in form not definite in part of speech when taken separately
Classification of Parts of Speech
Sameness nouns; verbs; modifiers as adjectives or adverbs; forewords as prepositions and conjunctions; Differences articles（冠词），relative pronouns（关系代 词），relative adverbs（关系副词）， participles（分词），gerunds (动名词）and infinitives（不定式） don’t exist in Chinese.
transformation of adjective into verb
Transformation
Definition: "By transformation，we mean that in translation a word in one language belonging to a certain part of speech is not necessarily to be turned into one of the same part of speech in another language." (Eugene A.Nida language, Culture and Translating) Aim: aimed at seeking equivalence and achieving the maximal expressiveness
翻译方法—词性转换ppt课件
•美国延长中国的最惠国待遇，有助于促进两国持续、稳定的贸易 关系。
完整编辑ppt
5
The matter is receiving the serious consideration of the school.
学校正认真考虑这件事。 汉语没有“……受到考虑”的说法，因而原文的名词 “consideration”译为动词。
I am afraid I can’t teach you swimming. I think my little brother is a better teacher than I.
我未必会教你游泳，我想我的小弟弟比我教得好。
O. Henry is the creator of a new short story genre in literature.
除非人类终于意识到要把人口减少到这样的程度：使地球能为
所有的人提供足够的饮食，否则将不得不接受更多的"人造食
品"。
（在原文中sense是名词，作has的宾语，但在have the sense
(of sth./to do sth.)中sense是习语的主体，故译成汉语时常可
转译为动词"意识到"。） 完整编辑ppt
IBM公司计划拿出一些新产品与外国公司竞争。
完整编辑ppt
17
2. 名词转译成形容词
英汉翻译(6)转性与变态
（3）形容词转译成名词
• 1) They are going to build a school for the blind and the deaf. • 他们打算建一所盲聋学校。 • 3) The unlearned always pretend erudition. • 不学无术的人总是假装学识渊博。 • 4) In the history of literature there can be found some immortal masterpieces which are the swan songs of the dying. • 在文学史上可以看到有些不朽的名著是临死者的绝笔。 • 5) The best is behind. • 好戏后唱。
"a (an) + an N" used as predicative . • • • • • 1) The garden-party is a great success. 园艺会真是圆满极了。 3) They say my story is a yawn. 人们都说，我的故事乏味得很。 4) It's a nuisance that he always puffs at his pipe in the reading room. • 他在阅览室里经常抽烟，吞云吐雾，真是讨厌。 • 5) It is a great honor for me to be charged with such an arduous task. • 我承担这项艰巨的任务，感到很荣幸。
4、副词转译成动词
• 1) The successful fisherman of that day were already in. • 那天交上好运的渔民们都已回家。 • 2) When he went back, the radio was still on, for he had forgotten to turn it off when he left. • 他回来时，收音机还在响，因为他离开的时候 忘记将它关掉了。 • 3) "Please let me in! They are searching for me." he begged. • “请让我进去！他们正在追捕我。”他恳求 道。
汉译英翻译技巧之转性词翻译.
转性译法常用情况
• • • • • • • • • • • • 一、动词的转译 ： 汉语的一个显著特点是大量使用动词，有时，一个句子会出现多个动词。而 英语中，一个句子通常只有一个主动词；汉语中动词使用比较频繁，当翻译 成英语时，常用名词、形容词、介词、副词等词来译 （1）医生建议我多锻炼一些。 The doctor gave me some advice of doing more exercise．（动词转译名词） （ 2）操作机器需要懂得机器的一些性能。 动词的转译 形容词或副词的转译 名词的转译 The operation of a machine needs some knowledge of its function（动词转 译名词） （3）他到商店去买酱油。 He went to the shop for a bottle of sauce.（动词转译介词） （4）一座跨越杭州湾的大桥已经开始建设。 A bridge has been under construction, which will span the Hangzhou Bay. （动词转译名词） （5）获悉贵国遭受地震，我们极为关切。 We are deeply concerned at the news that your county has been struck by an earthquake.（动词转译形容词）
• • • • • • • •
（三）形容词或副词转译介词或介词短语
• 英语中介词是非常灵活的,在句子中表达简练、精确。 因此，汉语句子中的形容词常常在英语中用介词或介词短 语表达。例如: 1）厨房又脏又乱。 The kitchen was in a mess. 2）父亲不赞成地看着他。 Father looked at him in disapproval
英汉翻译(6)转性与变态
(2) 有些英语被动式句子中的动词， 可以译成“受（遭）到……+名词”、 “予（加）以+名词”这类结构。
• 1) Lenin was beloved of the people. • 列宁受到人民的爱戴。 • 2) And he warned that the improvement in bilateral relations might be "jeopardized" by a continuation of the war. • 他警告说，如果战争继续下去，双边的关系有可能受 到危害。 • 3) His image as a good student was badly tarnished. • 他作为好学生的形象已遭到很大的玷污。 • 4) He was snuffed by the top-ranking officials there. • 他受到那边高级官员们的冷遇。 • 5) He was received with honor by the government of the host country. • 他受到东道国政府的礼遇。
《犯罪心理》第三季第十三集完整中英文对照剧本
South Philadelphia PENNSYLVANIA宾夕法尼亚州南费城Bid is 150. Do I have 200?现在是150 有人出200吗?200 有人出250吗?A lot of stuff in this unit,people.这仓储库里有很多好东西呢Do I hear 3?250 有人出300吗?- 300- 300- Stu,what are you doing?- Stu 你干吗呢?Making my move.竞标啊You said 250 was the cutoff.你说250封顶的300,going once... twice...300一次两次...350!350!Leave it alone,stu.别玩了 Stu- 450- 450- Dude!- 老兄!Gotta show this guy we're serious.得让那家伙知道我们是认真的The bid is 450. Do I hear 500?现在是450 有人出500吗?There are 3 other units up today.今天还有另外三个仓储库拍卖♥♥呢I've got a feeling about this one.我对这个有强烈的预感450 going once...450一次the last time you had a feeling,we ended upwith a crate of dead car batteries and a dog bed.上回你有预感时我们买♥♥到了一盒破车电池和一张狗床450 going twice...450两次sold. It's all yours,boys.成交都归你们了小伙子们Settle up at the office.去办公室办手续吧Nice.你干的好事啊Check it out.看这个Cha... ching.发财了哦This is like a journal or something.好像是日记之类的Uh,dude. That is wrong.老兄这太邪恶了Where do you even find stuff like that? 哪找来这种东西的?No idea.不知道There's gotta be a marketfor it,though,right?但是一定有市场不是吗?I think we need to call the cops.我们得报♥警♥You got something?有什么发现?Not sure. It's from an old storage unit. 不确定是在一个旧仓储库找到的Case agent from the phillyfield office sent it to me.费城分局负责的探员传给我的Somebody you know?你认识的人?She knows me. You know.她认识我你知道A fan.粉丝Your world's a verycrowded place,isn't it?一定多得让你应接不暇吧You'd be surprised.绝对超乎你想象This is detailed.这非常详细Future tense. They're fantasies.将来时态的文字这些都是幻想That agent thinks itcould be more than that.那位探员认为事情远不止这么简单There's more of this?还有更多这样的资料?A few boxes in the field office.分局那还有好几盒I'd like to drive up there,lookat the rest of the material,我打算去那里查看剩余的资料make a judgment from that.然后再作判断Take reid with you.带Reid一起去Roadtrip--nice!公路旅行酷!I've got books on tape with peter coyote reading the entire foundation trilogy.我正好录了 Peter Coyote朗读的"基地三部曲"F.B.I.,Field OfficePHILADELPHIA,PENNSYLVANIA宾夕法尼亚州费城 FBI分局How do you get used to the staring?你怎么习惯这些注视的眼光?I'd feel like I perpetuallyhave something stuck in my teeth.我感觉好像自己牙缝里老塞着什么似的You learn to ignore it.眼不见为净I'm not terribly interestedin what you can't do,roy.我可不管你不能做什么 RoyWe have the best resources in theworld,one of which is supposedly you.我们拥有世界上最佳的资源其中之一就该是你Just--just getme that match.给我找到个匹配的就是了David rossi in my office.David Rossi在我的办公室Somebody pinch me.我没做梦吧You must be agent morris.你一定是Morris探员Jill,please.叫我Jill就好And can I get you anything? Coffee?您需要什么吗? 咖啡?Actually,if you don't mind,I'd likefor dr. Reid and I to get to this.如果你不介意的话我和Reid博士想现在就开始办案Dr. Reid. Thank you both for coming.Reid博士感谢两位远道而来You won't be disappointed.你们不会失望的What other materials do you have?还有其他资料吗?We found assortedartwork,torture porn,bondage.各类艺术作品性♥虐♥待色情片锁链But what strikes me is the prose.但最让我震惊的是那散文诗It screams of high-ordersexual predator.极端性侵略者内心的呻♥吟♥I think we're onto something big.我想这一定是个大案子Let's not get ahead of ourselves.不要妄下定论I assume you ran the nameof whoever rented the unit.你们应该查过租这个仓储库的人了吧Yeah,the name was fake.嗯名字是假的Louis ivey. There's norecord of such a person.Louis Ivey 根本查无此人Did he pay in cash?他是现金支付租金的吗?Till he went into arrears.是直到他拖欠房♥租6 months without a payment and theowner is allowed to auction its contents.六个月不交租金业主就有权拍卖♥♥其中物品What I've read so far suggestsan orderly personality.据我目前看到的资料他应该拥有强迫症人格Not likely to miss payments.不像是会忘付租金Well,he screwed up.他搞砸了呗They all do eventually,right?最终结果不都是这样吗?Maybe I will take that coffee.还是给我来杯咖啡吧Well,you were in there a long time.你在那待了很久I wanted to look atall of it,to be sure.保险起见我想全部都看一遍And are you?那你确定了吗?No.不Really?真的?You--I would be lying if Isaid I wasn't disappointed.如果说我一点都不失望那是骗人的The materials are the productof a disturbed individual,这些资料确实是人格异常的产物but there's nothing there to convince methat the person has enacted on his fantasies.但还不足以使我相信他将幻想付诸于行动So you've come to say good-bye.所以你是来道别的I'm afraid so.恐怕是的We've got real cases inquantico,cases with bodies.在匡提科我们还有很多真正的案子有尸体的案子But if I am right about thisthing,there will be plenty of those.但如果我的推测是正确的这里会有很多尸体It was nice meeting you.很高兴见到你There was something else in the boxes.盒子里还有其他东西In eyes of a predator,you wrote that collection of integumentary items is a definitive precursor. 在书中你写道收集皮外组织是作案的确定预兆Skin,nails... hair.皮肤指甲... 头发This guy's for real.这家伙是来真的I'll call my team.我打电♥话♥给我小组We've got work to do.又有活干了Great.好Criminal MindsSeason03 Episode13Limelight犯罪心理第三季第13集焦点"I know indeed what evil I intend to do,我知道我将犯下的罪行是多么可怕but stronger than all myafterthoughts is my fury,但比之更甚的是我的愤怒fury that brings uponmortals the greatest evils."我的愤怒已经战胜了我的理智Euripides.欧里庇得斯 (古希腊剧作家)Is this everything from the unit?仓储库里所有的东西都在这了?No. We pulled the salient materials and had philly P.D.Process the rest of the items on site. 不只调出了一些比较突出的东西剩下的费城警♥察♥在作实地勘察What else was there?那里还有什么?Just some books,albums,toys.就一些书专辑玩具Toys?玩具?Yeah. Old stuff,like from his childhood.旧东西像是童年留下的And we were able to lift someprints,but afis was a bust.我们提取了些指纹但在自动指纹辨识系统中没有匹配的He's not in our system.他不在我们的系统内Morgan and prentiss,go back to the unit and see what else it can tell us about the man. Morgan和Prentiss 回仓储库看看有什么能帮助分♥析♥的I'll get you directions.我告诉你们地址We have to establish if this guy'staking his fantasies to the next level.我们得先确定这家伙是否将幻想升级We can use these materials to try to identifyhis signature and connect him to any open cases. 可以利用这些资料确定笔迹和未完结的案件联♥系♥起来On the surface it readslike he wanted to try it all.从他所写的看来似乎想要全部尝试I think isolating anyone aspect might be tough.所以分离任何一个部分都是不行的Well,then dig deeper.那就挖掘得更深一点Try linguistics. Look forpatterns in the handwriting.试试语言学寻找他文字中的模式Rossi and I will take the images.Rossi和我负责这些照片Find the fetish,find the fiend.找出物神找出魔鬼Hey,you want to make this interesting?嘿想来点有趣的吗?Best insights,loser buys lunch.看谁的眼光最锐输的人请客买♥♥午饭- Ooh,bring it on,girl.- Ok.- 来啊美女 - 好It looks like we have a happy kid.看来他是个从小快乐的孩子Well-rounded,varied interests.身体健康兴趣广泛This looks to have been drawnat about the schematic stage.这看上去像是图式期画的 (常为5-8岁)So that would make him about 6years of age at the time,right?那他那时应该6岁左右It's dated 1976.日期是1976年So that would make him about 38 now.所以他现在差不多38岁Kid's blond,assumingit's autobiographical.这孩子是金发假设这是自画像性质的And he's caucasian.那他就是白人Oh,yeah,you hit that one on the head.你可真是一击即中but,now,here,look.但你看看Look at how the drawingschange over the years.看这些图画是如何在岁月中改变的A bright sun,a lovingfamily,an idyllic home.阳光和煦家庭温暖田园风光式的家But then,the mother goes away.但是母亲消失了Maybe she leaves them,maybe she dies.也许她离开了他们也许她死了The father struggles to make ends meet.父亲努力想要维持生活The boy begins towithdraw,retreating within himself.孩子开始退缩自我封闭This is his turning point.这就是他的转折点So what informed hisfantasies,and when did it begin?那是什么诱发了他的幻想又是何时开始的呢?This is the earliestone I found--1982.这是我找到的最早一♥期♥ 1982年It's tame in comparisonto the later stuff.和之后他那些东西相比算是小儿科了Vintage.年代久远Think he was a collector ?你认为他是个收藏者?Or it was handed down.或者是家族传下来的From his father?从他父亲那?I can still remember my dad'sless than skillfully hidden stash.我还能记得我父亲那拙劣蹩脚的藏书地呢But this guy graduated to harderstuff-- the torture porn. It's brutal.但这家伙升级到了更狠的阶段性♥虐♥待色情片残忍♥至极It brought out certain desires.可以宣泄某种欲望The early exposure was a trigger.早期的暴露是一种刺♥激♥ When I interviewed bundy,hehad a theory about pornography.当时审讯Bundy 他有个关于色情文化的理论(Ted Bundy: 连环杀手实施性折磨)He said,if you want to stop people from becoming like me,don't burn catcher in the rye. 他说若想要阻止更多的人成为我别烧Burn hustler.烧了吧 (色情杂♥志♥)I read your books,too,dave.我也读过你的书 DaveGot some textbooks in here.这里有些课本Engineering.工程学Mathematics.数学Cad manual.CAD用户指南Trade school.职校Ok,so he's in a fix-it field.他应该是学修理的Construction,home improvement.建筑家居改善That's good.很好But I think I got you.但还是我赢Not so fast.还没完呢Look at these. Dresses.看这些裙子What...什么they're different sizes.尺寸不一样They were different sizes.应该说是曾经不一样They've been altered.都被改过了Cross-dresser.异装癖looks like I'm buying lunch.看来要我买♥♥午饭了Extra-linguistic indicators in his writing suggesthe's most excited by the prospect of electric shock.他文字中超语言的暗示说明电击能给他带来最大的快♥感♥As a method of torture. Be specific.作为一种虐待手段要说的具体点When you're in a court,thejudge will demand it.在法庭上法官会要求你这么做See how heavy his handwriting becomes?看到他的笔迹多重了吗?At times he so exhilarated,heactually rips through the page.当他处于快♥感♥高峰时就会戳破纸张The idiolect supports it as well.个人习语也能很好地支持这一点I mean,nowhere else is he ascreative in his descriptions.其他方面均不像描述中那般具有创造力Good work.很好You found a signaturethat's easy to track.你发现了一个容易追查的笔迹The electrical burns on hisvictims will be unmistakable.受害者身上的电击烧伤也是确定无疑的This is dana foster.这是Dana FosterShe's a 34-year-old real estateagent from the suburb of blue bell.来自Blue Bell郊区的 34岁房♥地♥产♥代理人She was murdered 5 years ago when she went to meet a prospective buyer at a house in bucks county.五年前去Bucks郡见客户时被杀害Her nude body was found in acellar,and she was strangled and raped.在一个地下室发现她全♥裸♥的尸体有勒伤和强♥奸♥的痕迹And here's the torture behavior thatreid identified from the journals.这些是Reid从日记中找出的虐待手法The contact wounds are burn marks,mostlikely the result of electrical current.与之相关的就是烧伤的痕迹很有可能就是电击导致Any leads on the buyer she went to meet?有她要见面的那个买♥♥主的线索吗? Fake name.名字是假的Louis IveyLouis ivey.Could this guy be any more perfect?这家伙还能更完美不?Were her clothes found at the scene?案发现场有她的衣服吗?No. How'd you know?- 没有- 你怎么知道?He takes them as souvenirs,and healters them to fit his own frame.他将此作为纪念品改为符合自己体型的So he's bisexual?这么说是双性恋?Actually,most cross-dressersare heterosexual.事实上大多数异装癖都是异性恋It's fairly common in sexual predators.这在性侵犯者中是很常见的What about her hair?那她的头发呢?Was any of it missing?有没有缺少的?Not that was reported.据记录没有J.J.,Contact garcia andwiden the victim search.J.J. 联♥系♥Garcia 扩大受害者的搜查Rossi and I will govisit the crime scene.Rossi和我去犯罪现场看一下Boy: Watch this,daddy.看这个爸爸Hold on,son. Let me get the door.等等儿子我去开门Mr. Overholt?Overholt先生?I'm agent hotchner.我是Hotchner探员This is agent rossi.We're with the fbi.这位是Rossi探员我们是FBIFBI?Fbi?- You've lived in this house for 4 years,correct?- Yeah.- 你在这屋子住了四年了吧- 没错- I assume disclosures were made at the time of sale about what occurred here? - Yeah.我想你买♥♥这的时候应该知道发生的事吧My son doesn't know about that,andI prefer to keep it that way.我儿子不知道这事我不想让他受怕Of course.We understand.We'll be discreet.当然我们理解我们会小心行事We just need to takea look at your cellar.我们只想看看你的地下室I've had it locked up sincewe moved in. You know,it'S...自从搬进来后我就把这锁了你知道这里...kind of useless,anyway.反正也没什么用Floods when it rains,you know,it's reallydamp,and all the electrical's messed up.下雨天会涨水很潮湿所有的电路也一团糟Hope you guys don'tmind if I stay up here.你们不介意我留在上面吧We'll try not to take too long.我们会尽量快些So... he's done with thetour of the main house.他参观完了主要的房♥型结构Before he goes,he asks therealtor to see the cellar.他离开之前让房♥产经纪人带他去看地下室And boom.然后 "嘣"Contusion on the back of herhead says he surprised her.她脑后的撞击表明他是突然攻击He incapacitated herwith a blunt object.他使用钝器让她失去知觉Thick walls.厚实的墙壁Neighbors are few and far between.邻居不多也住得远He can make her screamas loud as he wants to.他可以放肆侵犯不怕她喊的响Rope burns on her wrists.He probably suspended her.她手腕上的绳伤表明他可能把她挂了起来Here. Like in his drawings.这里正如他的画中一样And then he applied the currentand watched her whole body spasm.然后接通电流看着她整个身体痉挛And makes her dance.并让她跳舞But where does he get the juice?他用什么电她的呢?Cattle prod? Taser?电牛棒? 放狼器?Contact wounds don't conform to that. 伤口并不符合Outlet's been tampered with.这个插座被改动过Careful.当心Jerry-rigged.草草改装Clamp is still there.鳄鱼夹还在He didn't have to use a taser.他没必要用电击枪He pulled power from the house.就用房♥子里的电Handy guy.手巧的家伙Dave and hotch are back.Dave和Hotch回来了Thanks. I'll be right in.多谢我马上就来It's impressive.真了不起Oh,it's just stuff on the wall.墙上的饰品而已You know,I didn't jointhe bureau to win awards.我加入FBI不是来拿奖的Then,uh,maybe you can loan me a couple. 也许可以借我几个Hey,um,J.J.What do you think of these? J.J. 这些绰号♥怎么样?双性杀手电刑折磨杀手高电压杀手保险盒屠手电击诊疗手What's this?这是什么?Well,we can't callhim the unsub forever.总不能一直叫他不明嫌犯We generally try not tomythologize these guys.通常我们不去神化杀手好吧And these aren't very good,anyway.这些绰号♥反正也不怎么样The fact is,we don't evenknow if this guy's a serial.我们还不知道是不是连环人案Actually,we do.实际上已经确定了3 females,age 31-38,discovered offfreeways in maryland,jersey,and new york.3名女性 31-38岁尸体分别在马里兰新泽西和纽约被发现All naked,burn woundsconsistent with the signature.尸体全♥裸♥ 电灼伤符合特征And he disposed of all of the bodiesin different states to avoid detection.他抛尸于三个州避免被发现Garcia,when were thesebodies discovered?Garcia 尸体是什么时候发现的?Between '02 and spring of '03.02年到03年春After the real estateagent,he changed his methods.杀死地♥产♥经纪之后他变了手法Fast learner.学得很快4 kills by the age of 30.30岁就杀死4人And he was just getting started.他这才刚刚开始We connectedthe 3 new bodieswith missing person cases.3具尸体都和人口失踪案联♥系♥起来了So with a total of 4 victims on the board,wewere able to narrow down the unsub's type.共4名受害者可以缩小他的猎杀范围30s,attractive,caucasian,upwardlymobile?30出头漂亮白人事业春风得意?是的College grads,above-averageincome,career women.大学毕业收入较高职业女性You establish a cycle?得出杀人周期了吗?10 months between the realtorand the first of these victims.地♥产♥经纪到下一个受害者中间隔了10个月Then 7 months,3 months.然后是7个月 3个月He's practically doublinghis pace every time.速度翻倍越来越频繁As with most prolific killers,the cooling-offperiod tends to shorten after each murder.和大多数高产杀手一样每次杀人后的冷静期逐渐变短Last know victim wasfound almost 5 years ago.上一个受害者还是5年前5 years?5年?So could he haedtoppve s?这么说他可能收手?No,not this guy.他不会的It's more likely we justhaven't found the bodies yet.更可能的是我们没发现尸体And there might noteven be bodies,per se.或许根本不会有尸体譬如说We know he wrote extensively aboutcreating a homemade incinerator.我们看到他详细写道如何造一个家用焚化炉So how many we talking,ballpark?有多少呢大概数字?If you extrapolate thecycle in the last 5 years,如果过去5年按照这样的节奏he will have killedapproximately 19 more women.他已经杀死将近19人It's great stuff,guys.不错的发现伙计们Keep me posted.一有新消息通知我She does know we don'twork for her,right?她应该知道我们不是她手下吧?With 4 known victims,we should startby re-interviewing friends and family.有了4名受害者我们应该再走访亲朋We're looking for a whitemale in his 30s to 40s.我们要找的是30-40岁白人男子And with his knowledgeof circuitry and wiring,具备电气和电缆知识we think that he's either anelectrician or an electrical engineer.我们认为他可能是电工或电气工程师Rossi: It's a job that may give himaccess to a victim's home or workplace,这种职业能够出入受害者的住所或办公室the opportunity to observe his targets.有机会观察目标They're attractive,professional women.美丽的职业女性He sees them asstrong,righteous,unobtainable.在他眼里是强悍清高可望不可及的So he seeks to tear them down,to reduce them to base sexual creatures and punish them.他找机会把她们撕碎把她们变为原始的性尤物惩罚她们He's a true sexual sadist.他是真正的性♥虐♥者A typology we referto as anger-excitation,我们称这种类型为愤怒唤起型meaning he becomes sexually arousedby the suffering of his victims.受害者的痛苦令他性兴奋Killing these women is an afterthought.杀人是之后的考虑Their pain is what he's after.他想要的是她们的痛苦And he takes his time toexact maximum stimulation.他有条不紊地获取最大刺♥激♥What about his trophies?他的战利品何解?He keeps their clothes,right?他保留她们的衣服对吗?Yes. We believe he's usingthem for rehearsal fantasies.我们认为他用衣服重演幻想By dressing as his victims,hecan relive the torture.穿着受害者的衣服他可以再现折磨过程It's during this time that hemost likely pleasures himself他有可能在这个阶段自♥慰♥in order to reinforce his associationbetween suffering and gratification.强化痛苦和他的快♥感♥之间的联♥系♥ And when he becomes dissatisfiedwith this,he seeks out a new victim.当这不能满足他他出去猎杀下一个Rossi: Keep in mind,he's beendoing this for a long time,记住他已经这样子有些时日and he's been thinking aboutdoing it most of his life.他今生还会继续这样He'll continue to evolve,findingnew ways of challenging himself,他会进化寻找新的自我挑战increasing his stimulation threshold.增大刺♥激♥阈值There are no boundaries for this man.他不会有任何局限HotchHotch.He's an individual that we believe tobe currently active within our community.我们相信他现在正在社区里活动If it were not for certain evidencebrought to our attention in recent days,如果不是近日出现确凿证据令我们注意到他he may well have continued tooperate without our knowledge.他会在我们的视线之外继续作案We're still investigatingmore specifics...我们还在调查...- you know about this?- Past murders and who might have been his victims. - 这你知道吗?- 过去的旧案是否就是他的受害者But now that he is on our radar,you can rest assured that we will find him and bring him to justice.我们已经在关注他请放心我们会抓他归案Agent,I don't know howyou usually do things,探员不知道你通常怎么处理but you need to let my team know if you're planning on holding a press conference.假如你要搞新闻发布请务必让我的组员知情No,it wasn't a conference.那不是发布会It was just an announcement.只是一个声明I think you know what I mean.你知道我什么意思We're sending half the copsin the city out to canvass.城里半数警员都出去搜寻The story would have leaked.迟早也要泄漏I was just putting a reassuringface on the situation.我只是想给公众一个自信的脸Your face.你的脸I'm the case agent.我是本案的探员And you're also outrankedby every member of my team.我手下每个组员级别都高过你Meaning what,you'llvote me off the island?什么意思? 我被投票出局了?Nothing tears a case apart faster than anagent trying to make his or her name on it.把案子看作个人出风头的机会是我们最大的忌讳I'm trying to protect my city from what could bethe most prolific serial killer since charles cullen.他是自Charles Cullen后最凶狠的连环杀手我只是想保护我的城市What about michael strenko,floriangall,christopher hardgrove?那么Michael Strenko Florian Gall和Christopher Hardgrove呢?I don't know those names.没听说过Those are cullen's victims.是被Cullen杀死的人Nobody remembers the victims.Everybody remembers the killer.没人记得受害者却都记得杀手的名字And that's exactly what happens when anagent puts the story ahead of the case.如果你把查案当成炒作的机会就是这种结果And the bureau doesn't needany more agents like that.FBI不需要这样的探员Do you understand?明白吗?Reid: I have no doubt she'shighly capable.I'm just--我不怀疑她的能力只是...I'm saying that I find her excitement level at the prospect of finding more bodies somewhat unsettling. 我只是觉得她对于发现新尸体的兴奋令人不安Thank you.谢谢Yeah,J.J.Said she was makingup names for the killer.是啊 J.J.说她在给杀手起绰号♥And yet,if she was aman,you'd say she had balls.如果她是个男人你们会说他有种Oh,don't even go there.This is not a gender thing.别扯到那上面根本不是性别的问题Right. Let's get back to reid's map.好吧我们回到Reid的地图上All right,the nearness principle tells us thata killer won't travel far to abduct his victims,就近原则告诉我们杀手不会跑很远去绑♥架♥ but this one's gone to great lengths tospread out his abduction and disposal sites.但这个人为了绑♥架♥和抛尸不惜跑出很远So the sites are irrelevantto the geographical profile?这些地点无助于缩小地理范围?The only location I can attach areal meaning to is the storage unit.唯一有意义的位置是那个仓储库4 victims and we got squat.4名受害者我们还没有大突破For years he's gone unchecked.数年来他一直无所忌惮I think it's only a matter of time before he grows comfortable and starts killing closer to home.不需多久他就会习惯心安理得地在住处附近杀人Unfortunately,that only helpsus if there's a fresh kill.不幸的是只有发现新的尸体才对我们有帮助So there's a woman out there right nowwho has to die so we can do our job.某个女人不得不成为牺牲品这样我们才能继续- Did something happen?- Yeah.- 出什么事了吗?- 是的Uh,agent hotchner tore me a newone,and I owe you an apology.Hotchner又给我一顿训斥我欠你一个道歉Why me?为什么是我?I got you to bringthe whole team up here.我让你把整个团队拉过来的And then... the press briefing.然后... 新闻发布会的事It could have waited until morning.可以等到早上再说My conscience doesn't allowsleep in these situations.这种情形下我的良心不允许我睡觉Looks like you could use a break.看来你需要休息一下There are no breaks.没有休息But there are drinks.可以喝一杯Let me buy you one.我请Female ambition can be unseemlyin the eyes of some people.女人的野心在有些人看来是不可思议的And I forget that sometimes.有时我也忘记这一点When I was in the academy in '97,Iscored 99 on my defensive tactics test,97年我上警校的时候防卫格斗考试得了99 which,needless to say,had an immediate chilling effect on all my relations with the male cadets. 不用说我和男性学员的关系立刻不是那么融洽了I bet you can't remember a timewhen you didn't overachieve.你永远不会安于一般的表现Well,the youngest kid in a single-parenthome,you learn to scratch and claw real quick.单亲家庭的最年幼孩子你很快就会学会奋起争斗Single parent.单亲That would be your father?跟着父亲对吧?Go on.继续A good man,who you came tosee as weak,unable to provide,一个好人但你觉得他无能无力照顾你们probably a drinker--I'mguessing scotch.也许还酗酒我猜是苏格兰威士忌Blended.勾兑酒I prefer single malt.我喜欢单麦芽纯酿I think I did a seminarat the academy in '97.我97年在警校作过讲座Yes. "Collateralmaterials on sex crimes."是的 "性犯罪的周边材料"I was in the thirdrow,hanging on every word.我在第三排仔细听你每句话Good memory.好记性Well,your first book had justcome out and you signed my copy.你的第一本书出版了你还给我签名Yeah,I kind of had a thing for you.是的我还对你有些迷恋呢Come on. You were a star.那时你可是明星No one in the bureau had made inroads into publishing and consulting like you had.局里没人像你一样出过书还做咨♥询♥ Your hair was lighter anda big longer then,wasn't it?那时你的头发比现在浅也更长一些? Talk about a good memory.这才叫好记性No. I don't remember you.不我并不记得你But that would explain the hair that you claim to have found in that storage unit. 但那可以解释你说在仓储库发现的头发The hair was a keepsake,I'm guessing?那头发是一个激励对吗?You held on to it as a vestige of the femininity you relinquished in the pursuit 你把那当作一个女性的自我激励of your career ambitions?好追逐你的职业目标?You can stop profiling.停止你的侧写分♥析♥吧You manufactured evidenceto get a mitment.你假造证据以吸引BAU的关注And it was for the greater good.这都是为了大局I was right,wasn't I?我是对的不是吗?Look,jill,I know you.Jill 我了解你When I was your age Iwanted the same things.我像你那么大时也渴望同样的东西But I burned a lot of bridgesin the process. People got hurt.但我犯了很多错误伤害很多人Is that why you came back,toundo your past wrongs?所以你复出修正你的错误?Just be careful.小心点That ego of yours is goingto get you into trouble.你的野心可能会给你带来麻烦Now I've got to get some sleep.我得去睡一觉了Your little press conferenceis gonna bury us tomorrow.你的新闻发布会明早会让我们穷于应付Bury us how?穷于应付?I had a nightmare thenight she went missing.她失踪当晚我有噩梦It woke me up,but I forgot it instantly.我惊醒但是立刻忘记了梦的内容You know how that happens?你知道怎么发生的吗?I know this sounds crazy.我知道这听起来有些疯狂I feel like if I couldremember that dream,我觉得如果能记起那个梦I'd know what happened to her.就会知道她出什么事了When she didn't show on time,I lefther a message on her cell phone.她没有准时到我给她手♥机♥留言I was...我当时...angry with her for makingus late. I didn't know.对于她的迟到很生气不知道她出事And that message is probablystill on her phone somewhere.那条消息可能还在她手♥机♥上It keeps me up at nightwondering if she ever heard it.我晚上睡不着不知道她听到没有I just want to knowif she's still alive.我只想知道她是不是还活着It's the not knowing.只想知道It's selfish,I know--our own peace of mind.我知道挺自私可只想让我们安心。
转性译法
• The flowing of current first in one direction and then in another makes an alternating current. 电流先向一个方向流动，然后又向另一个方向流动，形成 交流电 ②．含有动作意味的名词往往可转译成动词。 A view of Mt. Fuji can be obtained from here. 从这里可以看到富士山。 ③．英语中有些后缀-er或-or的名词，如smoker, thinker, translator, teacher, farmer等，有时在句中并意在指出 其身份和职业，而是含有较强的动作意味，往往可译为动 词。 These rustic lassies are good singers. 这些乡下小姑娘歌唱得很好。 ④．英语中有些动词的意义有时不容易用中文的动词来表 达，或用中文的动词表达引起译文生硬、文气不畅时，可 把英语的动词转译成中文的名词。这类动词如aim, act, affect, behave, direct, furnish, characterize, run, work等。
二：转性译法的具体分类 英语名词的转换
• 英语名词转译为动词：英语名词转译为动词在英译汉中十 分普遍。主要分为下列三种情况： ①．按照英语句法，每个句子中只能有一个谓语动词（包 括并列谓语动词的情况），因此动词名词化和动名词的使 用是很普遍的。而在汉语中就没有一个句子中只能使用一 个动词的限制，因此在汉语中动词出现的频率要高于英语。 之中客观情况决定了英语中的一部分名词要翻译为动词。 此种情况在科技文章和政论文章的翻译中最为普遍。 One after another, speakers called for the downfall of imperialism, abolition of exploitation of man by man, liberation of the oppressed of the world. 发言人相继表示要打倒帝国主义，消灭人剥削人的制度， 解放全世界被压迫的人民。 His very appearance at any affair proclaims it a triumph. 无论什么事情，只要他一露面，就算是成功了。
英汉笔译—转性译法
Adjectives expressing a person's emotions are more expressive when translated into verbs in Chinese.
They are not content with their present achievements. 他们不满足于自己现有的成就。 The author is grateful to his readers for valuable suggestion. 作者感谢读者提出的宝贵意见。
2）Some English nouns, which possess the property of verbs, we often transform the nouns to verbs in Chinese.
The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing. 看到我们的喷气式飞机,听见隆隆的机声,令我特别神 往。 A glance through his office window offers a panoramic view of the Washington Monument and the Lincoln Memorial. 从他的办公室窗口可以一眼看到华盛顿纪念碑和林肯 纪念馆的全景。
转性与变态
转性与变态转性译法：一：转性译法的理论基础在翻译中，将原文中的某一词类转换为译文的另一词类，如在英译汉中，将英语的名词译成汉语的动词，英语的形容词译成汉语的副词等等，这种翻译方法就叫做转性译法（conversion）。
英汉两种语言中词类不尽相同，各词类的使用频率、使用方式也不尽相同，因此，原来英语中属于某种词类的词，在译成汉语时可以转为或必须专为另一种不同的词类。
在英译汉时有些句子可以逐词对译，有些句子则不能机械地把原文词类“对号入座”，否则会使译文佶屈聱牙，甚至逻辑混乱。
具体来讲，英汉两种语言在词的分类、词的兼类、词类的句法功能以及使用频率等方面都有所不同。
有些词类英语中有而汉语中没有，如冠词、引导词、关系代词、名词性物主代词、关系副词、分词、动词不定式、动名词等等。
有些词类在汉语中有而在英语词汇中却没有，如助词。
词类划分的差异必然导致词类转换法的广泛使用。
例如：英语中倾向多用代词，特别是人称代词，汉语则倾向于重复名称、人名或称谓。
朱光潜先生曾说过：“中外文在用词方面各有特点，例如中文球明确，一般不轻易使用代词，《红楼梦》里黛玉总是黛玉，从来不用‘她’，在中文里轻易用代词常导致误解。
”二：转性译法的具体分类英语名词的转换英语名词转译为动词：英语名词转译为动词在英译汉中十分普遍。
主要分为下列三种情况：①．按照英语句法，每个句子中只能有一个谓语动词（包括并列谓语动词的情况），因此动词名词化和动名词的使用是很普遍的。
而在汉语中就没有一个句子中只能使用一个动词的限制，因此在汉语中动词出现的频率要高于英语。
之中客观情况决定了英语中的一部分名词要翻译为动词。
此种情况在科技文章和政论文章的翻译中最为普遍。
One after another, speakers called for the downfall of imperialism, abolition of exploitation of man by man, liberation of the oppressed of the world.发言人相继表示要打倒帝国主义，消灭人剥削人的制度，解放全世界被压迫的人民。
Conversion-and-Change-of-Voice--转性与变态
• 二、英被动→汉被动 1、不带表示被动意义的标记
2、带有表示被动意义的标记
• 1、不带 • Eg: Levi’s jeans were first introduced
to the east, apparently, during the
dude-ranch craze in the 1930s… • 翻译：李维的牛仔裤最初引进到东部，显
I am afraid I can’t teach you swimming.I think my little brother is a better teacher than me. 我未必会教你游泳，我想我的小弟弟比我教的好。 • 4 前置词转译成动词 • “Coming!”Away she skimmed over the lawn,up the path ,up the steps,across the veranda ,and into the porch.
a few days.
• 翻译：几天以内全国武装起来。
• 2、带有 Eg :Any minute we would surely be spotted by enemy planes flying in and out of the airfield. 解释：我们随时都会被出入机场的敌机发 现。
• 解析：列句中被动语态译成汉语的“被”， 汉语表示被动语态的标记比英语来得丰富 多彩，常见的有“被”、“由”、“给”、 “把”、“让”、“遭（受）”、“为… 所”、“获”、“加以”、“予以”、 “蒙”等等，译者可酌情进行选择。
Conversion and Change of Voice （第六章 第一节）
转性与变态
2010级本科一班： 王雯怡 1014030207 沈晨 1014030208 周慧 1014030211
中口词法翻译考点之一：转性译法
• 4. 四大基本趋势&动态变化： The American airline industry has enjoyed significant expansion in the last twenty years. 发展 The growing concentration of wealth in the hands of a few people raised social and political issues. 集中在
介词 含有动作意味的 介词词组 动词
N.
Adj.
动词
Prep.
V. → 名词
名词派生的动词： In Greek mythology, love is personified by the goddess Aphrodite. 化身/ 象征
Adj. → 名词
the + adj. 表某一类人，或一类事物的 集合： The old, weak, sick, disabled and pregnant 老、弱、病、残、孕 They did their best to help the sick and the wounded. 病号、伤员
与上涨、下跌、波动有关的常见的词和短语
上涨 &下跌： 直线上升&一落千丈：rocket plummet 猛涨&猛跌：soar slump 明显上升&明显下降：surge subside 稳中稍有涨&稳中稍有落：ease up ease down 波动： Fluctuate， swing； Ups and downs, twists and turns, ebbs and flows, surge and subside.
• （08.09）If a grad is ready to accept an entry-level job, give a little on job requirements and move if the company asks, chances are he’ll land a job. • 名词转为动词：很有可能… • 如果一个毕业生准备入行，若他能按照 公司的要求略做调整，降低点要求，那 他就很有可能得到这份工作。
英译汉教学课件 转性译法
He is both a bibliomaniac and a lover of calligraphy. 他既有藏书癖，又爱好书法。（名词转为动词） He objected that the plan is not practical. 他反对的理由是：这个计划不现实。（动词转为名词） He roared, which threatened his enemies away. 他的吼声吓走了敌人。（动词转为名词） He is a great drinker. 他能喝很多酒。（动词转为名词） He is a great talker. 他这个人最爱说话。（动词转为名词） His sister is a great liar. 他妹妹老是说谎。（动词转为名词） He has long been used to last-minute decisions. 他长期以来习惯于在最后一分钟作出决定。（动词转为名词）
一、转性译法
Her hatred for them grew more. 她对他们越来越憎恨。（动词转为名词） He is an ardent lover of classic music. 他热爱古典音乐。（动词转为名词） He is a commander of a regiment. 他指挥着一个团。（动词转为名词） He is the murder of his boss. 他谋杀了他的老板。（动词转为名词） He had been the ruler of that region for as long as twenty years. 他统治那个地区长达二十年之久。（动词转为名词） He was between sheets by eleven. 十一点时，他已准在被窝里。（动词转为名词） He wrote down his own name on the wall with his finger. 他用手指在墙上写下了自己的名字。（动词转为名词）
课件：转性与变态(一)
Lecture Four
Conversion & Transformation (I)
汉英词类句法功能对照表
汉语 主语;宾语;定语; 名 词 状语;谓语
英语 主语;宾语; 表语;定语
形容词
定语;表语;主语;宾语; 状语;谓语
the exam.
• 他因考试作弊而受到学校的处分。
• The electronic computer is chiefly characterized by its accurate and quick computations.
• 电子计算机的主要特点是计算迅速准确。
• 转性译法时要注意的问题
• Robin Hood and his merry men hated the rich and loved and protected the poor.
• 罗宾汉和他的伙伴痛恨阔人，热爱并保护穷人。
• 英语副词的转换 • We should open the windows to let fresh air in.
• 恐怕我不能教你游泳。我想我弟弟比我教得好。
• His very appearance at any affair proclaims it a triumph.
• 无论什么事情，只要他一露面，就算是成功了。
• Ford’s first pledge was, “Mr. President, you have my support and my loyalty.”
• 转译应当根据上下文的语义和表达的习惯进行， 往往配合其他译法同时使用。
• 当英语中的动词转译成中文的名词后，原来修饰 动词的副词也相应地转换成中文的形容词；当英 语中的名词转译成中文的动词后，原来修饰名词 的形容词也要相应地转译成副词。
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• 3) The judge sat in the dinning-room amid his morning mail.
• 法官坐在餐厅里处理一大堆早班邮件。 • 4) I found him at his book when I came into the room. • 我走进房间，见他正在看书。
Lecture Six
•Conversion and Change of Voice •（转，由于两种语言在语法和表达习惯上的 差异，在保证原文意思不变的情况下，译文必须 改变其词类，这就叫词类转译法。这种方法不仅 指词类的改变，而且还包括词类作用的改变和一 定词序的改变。当然主要是指词类的变化，如原 文中的名词可以转移成译文中的动词等词类。众 所周知，语言是个无限生成的系统，在翻译实践 中，词类转移的情况也是千变万化的。词类转译 的情况归纳起来有以下四种：1、转译成动词、2、 转译成名词、3、转译成形容词、4、转译成其他 词类。
Nouns in the cognate object into double verbs.
• 1) He smiled a happy smile. • 他愉快地微笑了一下。 • 2) Let's go for a walk after supper. • 晚饭后咱们去散散步吧。 • 3) Let him sleep a peaceful sleep. • 让他安安静静地睡一觉吧。 • 4) They fought a beautiful fight . • 他们打了一个漂亮仗。 • 5) He sighed a long sigh. • 他长长地叹了一口气。
triumph. • 在任何场合，只要他一露面。就算是成功了。 • 3) He urged upon citizens of the country the necessity of
persisting in participation in political controversies. • 他告诫全国人民，必须坚持参加政治论战。
2、介词转译成动词
• 1) Up the street they want, past stores, across a broad square, and then entered a high building.
• 他们沿着大街走去，经过许多商店，窜过一个大广场， 然后进入了一座大厦。
• 2) We drove home a bit after midnight, over the rive and through the lively old sleeping town.
3、形容词转译成动词
under him and could not more step further. • 一想到这场灾难，两腿就像千斤重，再也挪不动
一步了。
V+er=n
• 1) He is no smoker, but his father is a chain smoker.
• 他倒是不抽烟，但他爸爸却一支接一支不停地 抽。
assent or dissert.
• 他瞧了他一下，表示他听见了。但没表示同意或不同意。
• 3) The Party branch secretary showed great concern for the
students’ health.
•
党支书很关心学生的健康。
• 4) She had high praise for Dr.. Higpan, although she complained
Nouns in some idiomatic expressions should be converted into Chinese V.
• 1) He has already made mention of the matter in his speech.
•
他在讲演中曾提到过此事。
• 2) He showed with his eyes that he heard, but made no sign of
（一）转译成动词
• 1、名词转译成动词 • Nouns derived from verbs. • 1) An acquaintance of world history is helpful to the study
of current affairs. • 熟悉一些世界史有助于学习时事。 • 2) His very appearance of any affair proclaims it a
about his strictness.
• 她高度赞扬了西格潘医生，但抱怨他过于严格。
• 5) I had another good look at the boring machine, and found a loose
screw in need of adjustment.
• 我又仔细地检查了这恼人的机器，发现一颗松动的螺栓需要调整。
• 2) He was a regular visitor. • 他经常来。 • 3) She is a lover of Chinese painting. • 她酷爱中国油画。 • 4) There were various possible players for the
role. • 可能扮演这个角色的有好几个人
Nouns implying an action.
• 1) On the walk through the city they saw breadlines.
• 在走过市区的时候，他们看见领救济食物的人 们排着长队。
• 2) A view of Mt. Fuji can be obtained from here. • 从这儿可以看到富士山。 • 3) At the thought of the mishap his legs stiffened