2014年12月大学英语六级考试阅读理解(第1套)

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2014年6月大学英语四级(CET-4)考试答案解析(第一套)

2014年6月大学英语六级考试真题(一)答案与详解Part Ⅰ Writing审题思路本次作文一改往年常考的三段式议论文、图表作文和名言评述作文题型,设定虚拟情景，要求考生描述某处景点，考生应该把重点放在说明选取这一景点的原因上，也就是说明其独特性上。

仔细分析可知,本文依旧可以分三部分展开。

考生首先应回答“what”的问题,即去什么地方游玩;其次，考生应回答“Why”的问题，即推荐该地点的缘由;最后, 考生需要做简要的总结。

写作提纲一、回答“what”，说明去某地游玩(take vacation, on the top of my list)二、回答“why”，描述某地的独特之处：1、以泰山为例(Mount Tai)2、泰山的独特之处(spectacularity, sacredness, hope and auspici ousness)三、简要总结：1、探访泰山很有意义（engagement in ancient culture and contemporaiy prosperity)2、表达愿望(wonderful experience)范文点评全文翻译泰山之旅欣闻我的外国朋友比尔要来我的家乡度假。

由于我在英国曾受到比尔的热情款待，我将带他四处看看家乡的风景。

在所有风景中，泰山无疑是首选之地。

几个世纪前，孔子登上泰山之巅，发出登泰山而小天下之感叹;在现代，每个人必定会去欣赏泰山的壮丽和神圣。

泰山不仅仅是一座山，她还象征着希望与祥瑞，体现了深厚的文化。

此外，泰山被看作是如此神圣，以至于几乎每位古代帝王都会到这里祭祀天地,祈求国家昌盛、国泰民安。

登泰山不仅是一次登山远足，还是一次亲身体验古代文化和现代繁荣的旅行。

因此，我向你保证你一定会喜欢这次美妙的旅行的。

PartⅡ Listening ComprehensionSection A1.W: I can’t seem to reach the tea at the back of the cupboard.M： Oh. Why don’t you use the ladder? You might strain your shoulder.Q： What does the man suggest the woman do?1. A)See a doctor about her strained shoulder. C)Replace the cupboard with a new one.B) Use a ladder to help her reach the tea.D)Place the tea on a lower shelf next time.【预测】四个选项都是动词短语，由此可推断该题会对建议或计划进行提问。

2014年6月英语六级真题及答案(第一套)

2014年6月英语六级真题及答案（第一套）.C.【精析】语义理解题。

女士向男士提到了学生们正在因为学费上涨而进行抗议，男士说他也听说了这一事件，但他却不认为学生们的行为会起到什么好的效果。

由此可知，男士对学生们抗议行为的效果有所怀疑。

2.D.【精析】综合理解题。

女士说Jay就要21岁了，他到底知不知道班里正在为他的生日聚会做准备；男士说Jay并不知情，一直以为班里是为即将退休的系主任准备聚会。

由此可知，班里都瞒着Jay，没让他知道聚会的真实目的。

3.C.【精析】推理判断题。

对话中男士打电话告诉女士说，White先生上午去修车的时候，把车留在了修车厂，而他把公文包和钱包也一并落在了那里；女士说她会转告White先生，当天下午就去取回来。

由此可知，White先生把汽车、公文包和钱包都留在了修车厂。

4.D. 【精析】综合理解题。

对话中女士对男士说电视台在重播一些二十世纪六十年代的喜剧，问男士对这些喜剧的看法；男士说他并不怎么喜欢这些喜剧，同时，他也说，新出的喜剧，即使是由著名导演执导，娱乐效果也不怎么样。

由此可知，男士认为从二十世纪六十年代起，喜剧并没有什么发展。

5.D.【精析】弦外之音题。

男士向女士求助，说他的菜谱说烹饪时间为l0分钟，不知道是否应该把这些蔬菜再多煮一会儿；女士说在她看来，这些蔬菜已经可以了，不用再煮了。

由此可见，女士认为男士不应该再继续煮这些蔬菜了。

6. A.【精析】事实细节题。

对话中女士问男士他是不是要去父母家，男士说是的，他答应父母帮他们整理纳税申报单，免税代码对于他的父母来说太难懂了。

由此可知，男士会帮助父母整理纳税申报单。

7. A.【精析】推理判断题。

对话中女士说听说男士提前一个月就完成了项目，她十分吃惊；而男士说他自己也没弄明白怎么就能提前这么长时间完成项目。

由此可知，男士自己也没想到能这么快完成工作。

8. B.【精析】事实细节题。

对话中女士对男士说她希望能和男士一起上发展心理学课，男士说他也是这么想的，但是等他去注册的时候，该课程名额已经报满。

2014年12月6级真题三套(阅读和翻译部分)含答案

2014年12月6级第一套Part IIIReading comprehensionSection AQuestions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.His future subjects have not always treated the Prince of Wales with the respect one might expect. They laughed aloud in 1986 when the heir to the British (36) ________ told a TV reporter that he talked to his plants at his country house, Highgrove, to stimulate their growth. The Prince was being humorous—“My sense of humor will get me into trouble one day,”he said to the aides (随从)—but listening to Charles Windsor can indeed prove stimulating. The royal (37)________ that been promoting radical ideas for most of his adult life, some of his (38) _________ which once sounded a hit weird were simply ahead of their time. Now, finally, the world seems to be catching up with him.Take his views on farming. Prince Charles’ Duchy Home Farm went (39) ___________ back to 1996.when most shoppers cared only about the low price tag on suspiciously blemish-free(无瑕疵的)V egetables and (40) __________ large chickens piled high in supermarkets.His warnings on climate change proved farsighted; too Charles began (41) _________ action on global warming in 1990 and says he has been worried about the (42) ____________ of man on the environment since he was a teenager.Although he has gradually gained international (43) __________ as one of the a world’s leading conservationists, many British people still think of him as an (44) ____________ person who talks to plants This year, as it happens, South Korean scientists proved that plants really do (45) __________ to sound. So Charles was ahead of the game there, too.A. conformB. eccentricC. environmentalistD. expeditionsE. impactF. notionsG. organicH. originallyI. recognition J. respond K. subordinate L. suppressingM. throne N. unnaturally O. urgingSection BShould Single-Sex Education Be Eliminated?[A] Why is a neuroscientist here debating single-sex schooling? Honestly, I had no fixed ideas on the topic when I started researching it for my book, Pink Brain, Blue Brain. But any discussion of gender differences in children inevitably leads to this debate, so I felt compelled to dive into the research data on single-sex schooling. I read every study I could, weighed the existing evidence, and ultimately concluded that single-sex education is not the answer to gender gaps in achievement—or the best way forward for today’s young people. After my book was published, I met several developmental and cognitive psychologists whose work was addressing gender and education from different angles, and we published a peer-reviewed Education Forum piece in Science magazine with the provocative title, “The Pseudoscience of Single-Sex Education.”[B] We showed that three lines of research used to justify single-sex schooling—educational, neuroscience, and social psychology—all fail to support its alleged benefits, and so the widely-held view that gender separation is somehow better for boys, girls, or both is nothing more than a myth.The Research on Academic Outcomes[C] First, we reviewed the extensive educational research that has compared academic outcomes in students attending single-sex versus coeducational schools. The overwhelming conclusion when you put this enormous literature together is that there is no clear academic advantage of sitting in all-female or all-male classes, in spite of much popular belief to the contrary. I base this conclusion not on any individual study, but on large-scale and systematic reviews of thousands of studies conducted in every major English-speaking country.[D] Of course, there’re many excellent single-sex schools out there, but as these careful research reviews have demonstrated, it’s not their single-sex composition that makes them excellent. It’s all the other advantages that are typically packed into such schools, such as financial resources, quality of the faculty, and pro-academic culture, along with the family background and pre-selected ability of the students themselves that determine their outcomes.[E] A case in point is the study by Linda Sax at UCLA, who used data from a large national survey of college freshmen to evaluate the effect of single-sex versus coeducational high schools. Commissioned by the National Coalition of Girls’ Schools, the raw findings look pretty good for the funders —higher SAT scores and a stronger academic orientation among women who had attended all girls’ high schools (men weren’t studied). However, once the researchers controlled for both student and school attributes—measures such as family income, parents’ education, and school resources—most of these effects were erased or diminished.[F] When it comes to boys in particular, the data show that single-sex education is distinctly unhelpful for them. Among the minority of studies that have reported advantages of single-sex schooling, virtually all of them were studies of girls. There’re no rigorous studies in the United States that find single-sex schooling is better for boys, and in fact, a separate line of research by economists has shown both boys and girls exhibit greater cognitive growth over the school year based on the “dose” of girls in a classroom. In fact, boys benefit even more than girls from having larger numbers of female classmates. So single-sex schooling is really not the answer to the current “boy crisis” in education.Brain and Cognitive Development[G] The second line of research often used to justify single-sex education falls squarely within my area of expertise: brain and cognitive development. I t’s been more than a decade now since the “brain sex movement ” began infiltrating (渗入) our schools, and there are literally hundreds of schools caught up in the fad (新潮). Public schools in Wisconsin, Indiana, Florida and many other states now proudly declare on their websites that they separate boys and girls because “research solidly indicates that boys and girls learn differently,”due to “hard-wired”differences in their brains, eyes, ears, autonomic nervous systems, and more.[H] All of these statements can be traced to just a few would-be neuroscientists, especially physician Leonard Sax and therapist Michael Gurian. Each gives lectures, runs conferences, and does a lot of professional development on so-called “gender-specific learning.”I analyzed their various claims about sex differences in hearing, vision, language, math, stress responses, and “learning styles”in my book and along peer-reviewed paper. Other neuroscientists and psychologists have similarly exposed their work. In short, the mechanisms by which our brains learn language, math, physics, and every other subject don’t differ between boys and girls. Of course, learning does vary a lot between individual students, but research reliably shows that this variance is far greater within populations of boys or girls than between the two sexes.[I] The equal protection clause of the U.S. Constitution prohibits separation of students by sex in public education that’s based on precisely this kind of “overbroad generalizations about the different talents, capacities, or preferences of males and females.” And the reason it is prohibited is because it leads far too easily to stereotyping and sex discrimination.Social Developmental Psychology[J] That brings me to the third area of research which fails to support single-sex schooling and indeed suggests the practice is actually harmful: social-developmental psychology.[K] It’s a well-proven finding in social psychology that segregation promotes stereotyping and prejudice, whereas intergroup contact reduces them—and the results are the same whether you divide groups by race, age, gender, body mass index, sexual orientation, or any other category. What’s more, children are especially vulnerable to this kind of bias, because they are dependent on adults for learning which social categories are important and why we divide people into different groups.[L] You don’t have to look far to find evidence of stereotyping and sex discrimination in single-sex schools. There was the failed single-sex experiment in California, where six school districts used generous state grants to set up separate boys’ and girls’ academies in the late 1990s. Once boys and girls were segregated, teachers resorted to traditional gender stereotypes to run their classes, and within just three years, five of the six districts had gone back to coeducation. [M] At the same time, researchers are increasingly discovering benefits of gender interaction in youth. A large British study found that children with other-sex older siblings(兄弟姐妹) exhibit less stereotypical play than children with same-sex older siblings, such as girls who like sports and building toys and boys who like art and dramatic play. Another study of high school social networks found less bullying and aggression the higher the density of mixed-sex friendships within a given adolescent network. Then there is the finding we cited in our Science paper of higher divorce and depression rates among a large group of British men who attended single-sex schools as teenagers, which might be explained by the lack of opportunity to learn about relationships during their formative years.[N] Whether in nursery school, high school, or the business world, gender segregation narrows our perceptions of each other, facilitating stereotyping and sexist attitudes. It’s very simple: the more we structure children and adolescents’ environment around gender distinctions and separation, the more they will use these categories as the primary basis for understanding themselves and others. [O] Gender is an important issue in education. There are gaps in reading, writing, and science achievement that should be narrower. There are gaps in career choice that should be narrower—if we really want to maximize human potential and American economic growth. But stereotyping boys and girls and separating them in the name of fictitious(虚构的) brain differences is never going to close these gaps.46. Hundreds of schools separate boys from girls in class on the alleged brain and cognitive differences.47. A review of extensive educational research shows no obvious academic advantage of single-sex schooling.48. The author did not have any fixed ideas on single-sex education when she began her research on the subject49. Research found men who attended single-sex schools in their teens were more likely to sufferfrom depression.50. Studies in social psychology have shown segregation in school education has a negative impact on children.51. Reviews of research indicate there are more differences in brain and cognitive development within the same sex than between different sexes.52. The findings of the national survey of college freshmen about the impact of single-sex schooling fail to take into account student and school attributes.53. It wasn’t long before most of the school districts that experimented with single-sex education abandoned the practice.54. Boys from coeducational classes demonstrate greater cognitive abilities according to the economists’ research.55. As careful research reviews show, academic excellence in some single-sex schools is attributed to other factors than single-sex education.Section CInternational governments’ inaction concerning sustainable development is clearly worrying but the proactive(主动出击的) approaches of some leading-edge companies are encouraging. Toyota, Wal-Mart, DuPont, M&S and General Electric have made tackling environmental wastes a key economic driver.DuPont committed itself to a 65% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions in the 10 years prior to 2010. By 2007, DuPont was saving $2.2 billion a year through energy efficiency, the same as its total declared profits that year. General Electric aims to reduce the energy intensity of its operations by 50% by 2015. They have invested heavily in projects designed to change the way of using and conserving energy.Companies like Toyota and Wal-Mart are not committing to environmental goals out of the goodness of their hearts. The reason for their actions is a simple yet powerful realization that the environmental and economic footprints fit well together. When M&S launched its “Plan A”sustainability program in 2007, it was believed that it would cost over £200 million in the first five years. However, the initiative had generated £105 million by 2011/12.When we prevent physical waste, increase energy efficiency or improve resource productivity, we save money, improve profitability and enhance competitiveness. In fact, there are often huge “quick win” opportunities, thanks to years of neglect.However, there is a considerable gap between leading-edge companies and the rest of the pack. There are far too many companies still delaying creating a lean and green business system, arguing that it will cost money or require sizable capital investments. They remain stuck in the “environment is cost” mentality. Being environmentally friendly does not have to cost money. In fact, going beyond compliance saves cost at the same time that it generates cash, provided that management adopts the new lean and green model.Lean means doing more with less. Nonetheless, in most companies, economic and environmental continuous improvement is viewed as being in conflict with each other. This is one of the biggest opportunities missed across most industries. The size of the opportunity is enormous. The 3% Report recently published by World Wildlife Fund and CDP shows that the economic prize for curbing carbon emissions in the US economy is $780 billion between now and 2020. It suggests that one of the biggest levers for delivering this opportunity is “increased efficiencythrough management and behavioral change”—in other words, lean and green management.Some 50 studies show that companies that commit to such aspirational goals as zero waste, zero harmful emissions, and zero use of non-renewable resources are financially outperforming their competitors. Conversely, it was found that climate disruption is already costing $1.2 trillion annually, cutting global GDP by 1.6%. Unaddressed, this will double by 2030.56. What does the author say about some leading-edge companies?A. They operate in accordance with government policies.B. They take initiatives in handling environmental wastes.C. They are key drivers in their nations’ economic growth.D. They are major contributors to environmental problems.57. What motivates Toyota and Wal-Mart to make commitments to environmental protection?A. The goodness of their hearts.B. A strong sense of responsibility.C. The desire to generate profits.D. Pressure from environmentalists.58. Why are so many companies reluctant to create an environment-friendly business system?A. They are bent on making quick money.B. They do not have the capital for the investment.C. They believe building such a system is too costly.D. They lack the incentive to change business practices.59. What is said about the lean and green model of business?A. It helps businesses to save and gain at the same time.B. It is affordable only for a few leading-edge companies.C. It is likely to start a new round of intense competition.D. It will take a long time for all companies to embrace it.60. What is the finding of the studies about companies committed to environmental goals?A. They have greatly enhanced their sense of social responsibility.B. They do much better than their counterparts in terms of revenues.C. They have abandoned all the outdated equipment and technology.D. They make greater contributions to human progress than their rivals.Passage TwoIf you asked me to describe the rising philosophy of the day, I’d say it is data-ism. We now have the ability to gather huge amounts of data. This ability seems to carry with it certain cultural assumptions—that everything that can be measured should be measured; that data is a transparent and reliable lens that allows us to filter out emotionalism and ideology; that data will help us do remarkable things— like foretell the future.Over the next year, I’m hoping to get a better grip on some of the questions raised by the data revolution: In what situations should we rely on intuitive pattern recognition and in which situations should we ignore intuition and follow the data? What kinds of events are predictable using statistical analysis and what sorts of events are not?I confess I enter this in a skeptical frame of mind, believing that we tend to get carried away in our desire to reduce everything to the quantifiable. But at the outset let me celebrate two things data does really well.First, it’s really good at exposing when our intuitive view of reality is wrong. For example, nearly every person who runs for political office has an intuitive sense that they can powerfullyinfluence their odds of winning the election if they can just raise and spend more money. But this is largely wrong.After the 2006 election, Sean Trende constructed a graph comparing the incumbent(在任者的) campaign spending advantages with their eventual margins of victory. There was barely any relationship between more spending and a bigger victory. Likewise, many teachers have an intuitive sense that different students have different learning styles: some are verbal and some are visual; some are linear, some are holistic(整体的). Teachers imagine they will improve outcomes if they tailor their presentations to each student. But there’s no evidence to support this either.Second, data can illuminate patterns of behavior we haven’t yet noticed. For example, I’ve always assumed people who frequently use words like “I,”“me,” and “mine” are probably more self-centered than people who don’t. But as James Pennebaker of the University of Texas notes in his book, The Secret Life of Pronouns, when people are feeling confident, they are focused on the task at hand, not on themselves. High-status, confident people use fewer “I” words, not more.Our brains often don’t notice subtle verbal patterns, but Pennebaker’s computers can. Younger writers use more negative and past-tense words than older writers who use more positive and future-tense words.In sum, the data revolution is giving us wonderful ways to understand the present and the past. Will it transform our ability to predict and make decisions about the future? We’ll see.61. What do data-ists assume they can do?A. Transform people’s cultural identity.B. Change the way future events unfold.C. Get a firm grip on the most important issues.D. Eliminate emotional and ideological bias.62. What do people running for political office think they can do?A. Use data analysis to predict the election result.B. Win the election if they can raise enough funds.C. Manipulate public opinion with favorable data.D. Increase the chances of winning by foul means.63. Why do many teachers favor the idea of tailoring their presentations to different students?A. They think students prefer flexible teaching methods.B. They will be able to try different approaches.C. They believe students’ learning styles vary.D. They can accommodate students with special needs.64. What does James Pennebaker reveal in The Secret Life of Pronouns?A. The importance of using pronouns properly.B. Repeated use of first-person pronouns by self-centered people.C. Frequent use of pronouns and future tense by young people.D. A pattern in confident people’s use of pronouns.65. Why is the author skeptical of the data revolution?A. Data may not be easily accessible.B. Errors may occur with large data samples.C. Data cannot always do what we imagine it can.D. Some data may turn out to be outdated.Part IV Translation中国将努力确保到2015年就业者接受过平均13.3年的教育。

2014年12月英语四级考试真题以及答案(第1套)

2014年12月英语四级考试真题以及答案(第1套)2014年12月英语四级考试真题以及答案(第1套)Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of "The Importance of Time Management". You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.The Importance of Time ManagementTime management is an essential skill that everyone should possess. It is the process of planning and organizing how much time you spend on various activities to maximize productivity and efficiency. Effective time management can help you achieve your goals, reduce stress, and improve your overall quality of life.Firstly, time management helps you achieve your goals. By setting priorities and allocating time to each task, you can ensure that you are making progress towards your objectives. This can help you stay motivated and focused, and ultimately lead to greater success.Secondly, time management can reduce stress. When you have a lot of tasks to complete, it can be overwhelming and stressful. However, by breaking down your tasks into smaller, more manageable chunks, you can reduce the feeling of being overwhelmed and make progress towards your goals.Finally, effective time management can improve your overall quality of life. By managing your time effectively, you can create more time for the things that matter most to you, such as spending time with family and friends, pursuing hobbies, or simply relaxing.In conclusion, time management is a crucial skill that can help you achieve your goals, reduce stress, and improve your overall quality of life. By taking the time to plan and organize your activities, you can make the most of your time and achieve greater success.。

2014年12月大学英语六级考试真题（第1套）

indispensable in education. You should give sound arguments to support your views and write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. 6. A) She does not like John at all. C) She does not think John is handsome. B) John has got many admirers. D) John has just got a bachelor's degree. 7. A) He has been bumping along for hours. C) He is involved in a serious accident. B) He has got a sharp pain in the neck. D) He is trapped in a terrible traffic jam. 8. A) She is good at repairing things. C) She should improve her physical condition. B) She is a professional mechanic. D) She cannot go without a washing machine. Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 9. A) Some witnesses failed to appear in court. C) The accused was found guilty of stealing. B) The case caused debate among the public. D) The accused refused to plead guilty in court. 10. A) He was out of his mind. C) His wife deserted him. B) He was unemployed. D) His children were sick. 11. A) He had been in jail before. C) He was unlikely to get employed. B) He was unworthy of sympathy. D) He had committed the same sort of crime. Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 12. A) Irresponsible. B) Unsatisfactory. C) Aggressive. D) Conservative. 13. A) Internal communication. C) Public relations. B) Distribution of brochures. D) Product design. 14. A) Placing advertisements in the trade press. C) Advertising in the national press. B) Drawing sketches for advertisements. D) Making television commercials. 15. A) She has the motivation to do the job. C) She is not so easy to get along with. B) She knows the tricks of advertising. D) She is not suitable for the position. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Passage One Questions 16 to 19 are based on the passage you have just heard. 16. A) The cozy communal life. C) Innovative academic programs. B) The cultural diversity. D) Impressive school buildings. 17. A) It is very beneficial to their academic progress. B) It helps them soak up the surrounding culture. C) It is as important as their learning experience. D) It ensures their physical and mental health. 18. A) It offers the most challenging academic programs. B) It has the world's best-known military academies. C) It provides numerous options for students. D) It draws faculty from all around the world. 19. A) They try to give students opportunities for experimentation. B) They are responsible merely to their Ministry of Education. C) They strive to develop every student's academic potential. D) They ensure that all students get roughly equal attention. Passage Two Questions 20 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard. 20. A) It will arrive at Boulogne at half past two. C) It is now about half way to the French coast. B) It crosses the English Channel twice a day. D) It is leaving Folkestone in about five minutes. 21. A) Opposite the ship's office. C) At the rear of B deck. B) Next to the duty-free shop. D) In the front of A deck. 22. A) It is for the sole use of passengers travelling with cars. B) It is much more spacious than the lounge on C deck. C) It is for the use of passengers travelling with children. D) It is for senior passengers and people with VIP cards. Passage Three Questions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard. 23. A) It was named after its location. C) It was named after a cave art expert. B) It was named after its discoverer. D) It was named after one of its painters. 24. A) Animal painting was part of the spiritual life of the time. B) Deer were worshiped by the ancient Cro-Magnon people. C) Cro-Magnon people painted animals they hunted and ate. D) They were believed to keep evils away from cave dwellers. 25. A) They know little about why the paintings were created. B) They have difficulty telling when the paintings were done. C) They are unable to draw such interesting and fine paintings. D) They have misinterpreted the meaning of the cave paintings. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you you should should should listen listen listen carefully carefully carefully for for for its its its general general general idea. idea. idea. When When When the the the passage passage passage is is is read read read for for for the the the second second second time, time, time, you you you are are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written. If you are attending a local college, especially one without residence halls, you'll probably live at home and commute to classes. This arrangement has a lot of 26 . It's cheaper. It provides a comfortable and familiar setting, and it means you'll get the kind of home cooking you're used to instead of the monotony (单调) that 27 even the best institutional food. However, commuting students need to 28 to become involved in the life of their college and to take special steps to meet their fellow students. Often, this means a certain amount of initiative on your part in 29 and talking to people in your classes whom you think you might like. One problem that commuting students sometimes face is their parents' unwillingness to recognize that they're adults. The 30 from high school to college is a big one, and if you live at home you need to develop the same kind of independence you'd have if you were living away. Home rules that might have been 31 when you were in high school don't apply. If your parents are 32 to renegotiate, you can speed the process along by letting your behavior show that you have the responsibility that goes with maturity. Parents are more willing to 33 their children as adults when they behave like adults. If, however, there's so much friction at home that it 34 your academic work, you might want to consider sharing an apartment with one or more friends. Sometimes this is a happy solution when family 35 make everyone miserable. Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage. Children are natural-born scientists. They have 36 minds, and they aren't afraid to admit they don't know something. Most of them, 37 , lose this as they get older. They become self-conscious and don't want to appear stupid. Instead of finding things out for themselves they make 38 that often turn out to be wrong. So it's not a case of getting kids interested in science. You just have to avoid killing the 39 for learning that they were born with. It's no coincidence that kids start deserting science once it becomes formalised. Children naturally have a blurred approach to 40 knowledge. They see learning about science or biology or cooking as all part of the same act —it's all learning. It's only because of the practicalities of education that you have to start breaking down the curriculum into specialist subjects. You need to have specialist teachers who 41 what what they they they know. know. know. Thus Thus Thus once once once they they they enter enter enter school, school, school, children children children begin begin begin to to to define define define subjects subjects subjects and and and erect erect boundaries that needn't otherwise exist. Dividing subjects into science, maths, English, etc. is something we do for 42 . In the end it's all learning, but many children today 43 themselves from a scientific education. They think science is for scientists, not for them. Of course we need to specialise 44 . Each of us has only so much time on Earth, so we can't study everything. At 5 years old, our field of knowledge and 45 is broad, covering anything from learning to walk to learning to count. Gradually it narrows down so that by the time we are 45, it might be one tiny little corner within science. A) accidentally B) acquiring C) assumptions D) convenience E) eventually F) exclude G) exertion H) exploration I) formulas J) ignite K) impart L) inquiring M) passion N) provoking O) unfortunately Section B Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2. Meaning Is Healthier Than Happiness [A] For at least the last decade, the happiness craze has been building. In the last three months alone, over 1,000 books on happiness were released on Amazon, including Happy Money, Happy-People-Pills For All, and, for those just starting out, Happiness for Beginners. [B] One of the consistent claims of books like these is that happiness is associated with all sorts of good life outcomes, including —most promisingly —good health. Many studies have noted the connection between a happy mind and a healthy body —the happier we are, the better health outcomes we seem to have. In an overview of 150 studies on this topic, researchers put it like this: "Inductions of well-being lead to healthy functioning, and inductions of ill-being lead to compromised health." [C] [C] But But But a a a new new new study, study, study, just just just published published published in in in the the the Proceedings Proceedings Proceedings of of of the the the National National National Academy Academy Academy of of of Sciences Sciences Sciences (PNAS) (PNAS) challenges the rosy picture. Happiness may not be as good for the body as researchers thought. It might even be bad. [D] Of course, it's important to first define happiness. A few months ago, I wrote a piece called "There's More to Life Than Being Happy" about a psychology study that dug into what happiness really means to people. It specifically explored the difference between a meaningful life and a happy life. [E] It seems strange that there would be a difference at all. But the researchers, who looked at a large sample of people over a month-long period, found that happiness is associated with selfish "taking" behavior and that having a sense of meaning in life is associated with selfless "giving" behavior. [F] [F] "Happiness "Happiness "Happiness without without without meaning meaning meaning characterizes characterizes characterizes a a relatively relatively shallow, shallow, shallow, self-absorbed self-absorbed self-absorbed or or or even even even selfish selfish selfish life, life, life, in in which things go well, needs and desires are easily satisfied, and complicated relationships are avoided," the authors of the study wrote. "If anything, pure happiness is linked to not helping others in need." While being happy is about feeling good, meaning is derived from contributing to others or to society in a bigger way. As Roy Baumeister, one of the researchers, told me, "Partly what we do as human beings is to take care of others and contribute to others. This makes life meaningful but it does not necessarily make us happy." [G] The new PNAS study also sheds light on the difference between meaning and happiness, but on the biological level. Barbara Fredrickson, a psychological researcher at the University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, and Steve Cole, a genetics and psychiatry (精神病学) researcher at UCLA, examined the self-reported levels of happiness and meaning in 80 research subjects. [H] Happiness was defined, as in the earlier study, by feeling good. The researchers measured happiness by asking subjects questions like "How often did you feel happy?", "How often did you feel interested in life?" and "How often did you feel satisfied?" The more strongly people endorsed these measures of "hedonic (享乐主义的) well-being," or pleasure, the higher they scored on happiness. [I] Meaning was defined as an orientation to something bigger than the self. They measured meaning by asking questions like "How often did you feel that your life has a sense of direction or meaning to it?" and "How often did you feel that you had something to contribute to society?" The more people endorsed these measures of "eudaimonic (幸福论的) well-being"—or, simply put, virtue —the more meaning they felt in life. [J] After noting the sense of meaning and happiness that each subject had, Fredrickson and Cole, with their research colleagues, looked at the ways certain genes expressed themselves in each of the participants. Like neuroscieritists who use fMRI (功能磁共振成像) scanning to determine how regions in the brain respond to different different stimuli, stimuli, stimuli, Cole Cole Cole and Fredrickson and Fredrickson are are interested interested interested in in in how how how the the the body, body, body, at at the the genetic genetic genetic level, level, level, responds responds responds to to feelings of happiness and meaning. [K] Cole's past work has linked various kinds of chronic adversity to a particular gene expression pattern. When people feel lonely, are grieving the loss of a loved one, or are struggling to make ends meet, their bodies go into threat mode. This triggers the activation of a stress-related gene pattern that has two features: an increase in the activity of pro-inflammatory (促炎症的) genes and a decrease in the activity of genes involved in anti-viral responses. [L] Cole and Fredrickson found that people who are happy but have little to no sense of meaning in their lives have the same gene expression patterns as people who are responding to and enduring chronic adversity. That That is, is, is, the the the bodies bodies bodies of of of these these these happy happy happy people people people are are are preparing preparing preparing them them them for for for bacterial bacterial bacterial threats threats threats by by by activating activating activating the the pro-inflammatory response. Chronic inflammation is, of course, associated with major illnesses like heart disease and various cancers. [M] [M] "Empty "Empty "Empty positive positive positive emotions"emotions"emotions"——like like the the the kind kind kind people people people experience experience experience during during during manic manic manic ((狂喜的) ) episodes episodes episodes or or artificially induced euphoria (欣快) from alcohol and drugs—"are about as good for you as adversity," says Fredrickson. [N] It's important to understand that for many people, a sense of meaning and happiness in life overlap; many people score jointly high (or jointly low) on the happiness and meaning measures in the study. But for many others, there is a dissonance (不一致)—they feel that they are low on happiness and high on meaning or that their lives are very high in happiness, but low in meaning. This last group, which has the gene expression pattern associated with adversity, formed 75 percent of study participants. Only one quarter of the study participants participants had had had what what what the the the researchers researchers researchers call call call "eudaimonic "eudaimonic "eudaimonic predominance"predominance"predominance"——that that is, is, is, their their their sense sense sense of of of meaning meaning outpaced their feelings of happiness. [O] [O] This This This is is is too too too bad bad bad given given given the the the more more more beneficial beneficial beneficial gene gene gene expression expression expression pattern pattern pattern associated associated associated with with with meaningfulness. meaningfulness. People whose levels of happiness and meaning line up, and people who have a strong sense of meaning but are not necessarily happy, showed a de-activation of the adversity stress response. Their bodies were not preparing them for the bacterial infections that we get when we are alone or in trouble, but for the viral infections we get when surrounded by a lot of other people. [P] Fredrickson's past research, described in her two books, Positivity and Love 2.0, has mapped the benefits of positive emotions in individuals. She has found that positive emotions broaden a person's perspective and help protect people against adversity. So it was surprising to her that hedonic well-being, which is associated with positive emotions and pleasure, did so badly in this study compared with eudaimonic well-being. [Q] [Q] "It's "It's "It's not not not the the the amount amount amount of of of hedonic hedonic hedonic happiness happiness happiness that's that's that's a a a problem." problem." problem." Fredrickson Fredrickson Fredrickson tells tells tells me, me, me, "It's "It's "It's that that that it's it's it's not not matched by eudaimonic well-being. It's great when both are in step. But if you have more hedonic well-being than would be expected, that's when this [gene] pattern that's similar to adversity emerged." [R] The terms hedonism and eudaimonism bring to mind the great philosophical debate, which has shaped Western civilization for over 2,000 years, about the nature of the good life. Does happiness lie in feeling good, as hedonists think, or in doing and being good, as Aristotle and his intellectual descendants, the virtue ethicists (伦理学家), think? From the evidence of this study, it seems that feeling good is not enough. People need meaning to thrive. In the words of Carl Jung, "The least of things with a meaning is worth more in life than the greatest of things without it." Jung's wisdom certainly seems to apply to our bodies, if not also to our hearts and our minds. 46. The author's recent article examined how a meaningful life is different from a happy life. 47. It should be noted that many people feel their life is both happy and meaningful. 48. According to one survey, there is a close relationship between hedonic well-being measures and high scores on happiness. 49. According to one of the authors of a new study, what makes life meaningful may not make people happy. 50. Experiments were carried out to determine our body's genetic expression of feelings of happiness and meaning. 51. A new study claims happiness may not contribute to health. 52. According to the researchers, taking makes for happiness while giving adds meaning to life. 53. Evidence from research shows that it takes meaning for people to thrive. 54. With regard to gene expression patterns, happy people with little or no sense of meaning in life are found to be similar to those suffering from chronic adversity. 55. Most books on happiness today assert that happiness is beneficial to health. Section C Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage One Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage. Nothing Nothing succeeds succeeds succeeds in in in business business business books books books like like like the the the study study study of of of success. success. success. The The The current current current business-book business-book business-book boom boom boom was was launched launched in in in 1982 1982 1982 by by by Tom Tom Tom Peters Peters Peters and and and Robert Robert Robert Waterman Waterman Waterman with with with In In In Search Search Search of of of Excellence. Excellence. Excellence. The The The trend trend trend has has continued with a succession of experts and would-be experts who promise to distil the essence of excellence into three (or five or seven) simple rules. The Three Rules is a self-conscious contribution to this type of writing; it even includes a bibliography of "success studies". Michael Raynor and Mumtaz Ahmed work for a consultancy, Deloitte, that is determined to turn itself into more of a thought-leader and less a corporate repairman. They employ all the tricks of the success success books. books. books. They They They insist insist insist that that that their their their conclusions conclusions conclusions are are are "measurable "measurable "measurable and and and actionable"actionable"actionable"——guides guides to to to behaviour behaviour rather than analysis for its own sake. Success authors usually serve up vivid stories about how exceptional businesspeople businesspeople stamped stamped stamped their their their personalities personalities personalities on on on a a a company company company or or or rescued rescued rescued it it it from from from a a a life-threatening life-threatening life-threatening crisis. crisis. MessrsRaynor MessrsRaynor and and and Ahmed Ahmed Ahmed are are are happier happier happier chewing chewing chewing the the the numbers: numbers: numbers: they they they provide provide provide detailed detailed detailed appendices appendices appendices on on "calculating the elements of advantage" and "detailed analysis". The authors spent five years studying the behaviour of their 344 "exceptional companies", only to come up at first with nothing. Every hunch (直觉) led to a blind alley and every hypothesis to a dead end. It was only when they shifted their attention from how companies behave to how they think that they began to make sense of their voluminous material. Management Management is is is all all all about about about making making making difficult difficult difficult tradeoffs tradeoffs tradeoffs in in in conditions conditions conditions that that that are are are always always always uncertain uncertain uncertain and and and often often fast-changing. fast-changing. But But But exceptional exceptional exceptional companies companies companies approach approach approach these these these tradeoffs tradeoffs tradeoffs with with with two two two simple simple simple rules rules rules in in in mind, mind, sometimes consciously, sometimes unconsciously. First: better before cheaper. Companies are more likely to succeed in the long run if they compete on quality or performance than on price. Second: revenue before cost. Companies have more to gain in the long run from driving up revenue than by driving down costs. Most success studies suffer from two faults. There is "the halo (光环) effect", whereby good performance leads commentators to attribute all manner of virtues to anything and everything the company does. These virtues then suddenly become vices when the company fails. MessrsRaynor and Ahmed work hard to avoid these mistakes by studying large bodies of date over several decades. But they end up embracing a different error: error: stating stating stating the the the obvious. obvious. obvious. Most Most Most businesspeople businesspeople businesspeople will will will not not not be be be surprised surprised surprised to to to learn learn learn that that that it it it is is is better better better to to to find find find a a profitable niche (隙缝市场) and focus on boosting your revenues than to compete on price and cut your way to success. The difficult question is how to find that profitable niche and protect it. There, The Three Rules is less useful. 56. What kind of business books are most likely to sell well? A) Books on excellence. C) Books on business rules. B) Guides to management. D) Analyses of market trends. 57. What does the author imply about books on success so far? A) They help businessmen one way or another. B) They are written by well-recognised experts. C) They more or less fall into the same stereotype. D) They are based on analyses of corporate leaders. 58. How does The Three Rules differ from other success books according to the passage? A) It focuses on the behaviour of exceptional businessmen. B) It bases its detailed analysis on large amounts of data. C) It offers practicable advice to businessmen. D) It draws conclusions from vivid examples. 59. What does the passage say contributes to the success of exceptional companies? A) Focuis on quality and revenue. B) Management and sales promotion. C) Lower production costs and competitive prices. D) Emphasis on after-sale service and maintenance. 60. What is the author's comment on The Three Rules? A) It can help to locate profitable niches. C) It is noted for its detailed data analysis. B) It has little to offer to businesspeople. D) It fails to identify the keys to success. Passage Two Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage. When When Harvard Harvard Harvard student student student Mark Mark Mark Zuckerberg Zuckerberg Zuckerberg launched launched launched in in in Feb. Feb. Feb. 2004, 2004, 2004, even even even he he he could could could not not imagine the forces it would let loose. His intent was to connect college students. Facebook, which is what this website rapidly evolved into, ended up connecting the world. To the children of this connected era, the world is one giant social network. They are not bound —as were previous generations of humans —by what they were taught. They are only limited by their curiosity and ambition. ambition. During During During my my my childhood, childhood, childhood, all all all knowledge knowledge knowledge was was was local. local. local. You You You learned learned learned everything everything everything you you you knew knew knew from from from your your parents, teachers, preachers, and friends. With the high-quality and timely information at their fingertips, today's children are rising above the fears and biases of their parents. Adults are also participating in this revolution. India's normally tame middle class is speaking up against social ills. Silicon Valley executives are being shamed into adding women to their boards. Political leaders are marshalling the energy of millions for elections and political causes. All of this is being done with social media technologies that Facebook and its competitors set free. As As does does does every every every advancing advancing advancing technology, technology, technology, social social social media media media has has has created created created many many many new new new problems. problems. problems. It It It is is is commonly commonly addictive and creates risks for younger users. Social media is used by extremists in the Middle East and elsewhere to seek and brainwash recruits. And it exposes us and our friends to disagreeable spying. We may leave our lights on in the house when we are on vacation, but through social media we tell criminals exactly where we are, when we plan to return home, and how to blackmail (敲诈) us. Governments don't need informers any more. Social media allows government agencies to spy on their own citizens. We record our thoughts, emotions, likes and dislikes on Facebook; we share our political views, social social preferences, preferences, preferences, and and and plans. plans. plans. We We We post post post intimate intimate intimate photographs photographs photographs of of of ourselves. ourselves. ourselves. No No No spy spy spy agency agency agency or or or criminal criminal organization could actively gather the type of data that we voluntarily post for them. The marketers are also seeing big opportunities. Amazon is trying to predict what we will order. Google is trying to judge our needs and wants based on our social-media profiles. We need to be aware of the risks and keep working to alleviate the dangers. Regardless of what social media people use, one thing is certain: we are in a period of accelerating change. The next decade will be even more amazing and unpredictable than the last. Just as no one could predict what 。

2014年12月大学英语六级答案解析(一)

2014年12月大学英语六级考试真题(一)答案与详解Part ⅠWriting1、审题:本次作文是图画作文【考频:★★☆】，这是2013年12月六级改革后第一次出现该类型作文，但体裁仍是常见的议论文。

本次作文给出的图画理解起来难度不大，而且涉及的话题是教育和科技的关系，这是考生比较熟悉的话题，因此写起来并不难。

2、列提纲：3. 语言:对图画的描述要用词准确，议论部分可适当使用从句等高分句型。

Technology and EducationWhat the drawing vividly depicts is that a pupil tells his teacher he needs tech support to solve an extremely easy question on the blackboard. The drawing illustrates that we-are highly dependent on technology, overlooking the importance of independent thinking.Those who favor the significance of technology in education argue that it facilitates learning and enables us to have easier access to infinite learning resources. In contrast, people who hold the opposite opinion maintain that over-dependence on technology is harmful. They think that a student who gets into the habit of doing his homework by downloading answers from the Internet will end up ignorant and being unable to think critically and creatively. And the drawing is a good illustration of this point. For another example, if you always write your homework or reports on a word processor，you may forget how to write the words in no time.As far as I am concerned, technology plays an important but not indispensable role in education. Over-dependence on technology does more harm than good. I suggest that we should master the basic knowledge on our own and learn how to apply technology in education properly. Only in this way can we benefit most from our learning process.PartⅡListening Comprehension1.听力原文：M: Before we play again, I’m going to buy a good tennis racket.W:Your shoes aren’t in a very good shape，either.Q: What does the woman mean?1. A) The man’s tennis racket is good enough.B)The man should get a pair of new shoes.C)She can wait for the man for a little while.D)Physical exercise helps her stay in shape.【预测】由A)“男士的网球拍已经足够好了”、B)“男士应该买双新鞋”和D)“体育锻炼帮她保持身材”可以推测，对话内容与体育锻炼有关。

2014年12月大学英语六级真题及详解(第一套)【圣才出品】

2014年12月大学英语六级真题及详解（第一套）Part I Writing(30minutes)Directions:For this part,you are allowed30minutes to write an essay based on the picture below.You should start your essay with a brief description of thepicture and then discuss whether technology is indispensable ineducation.You should give sound arguments to support your views andwrite at least150words but no more than200words.“I’m going to need tech support.”【审题构思】本题是画图作文，考生需要根据图片内容及题目给出的话题写作。

图片中可以看到学生对于非常简单的问题都不能自己独立回答，而需要借助于技术，由此可知，教育太过依赖于技术，学生都失去了自己独立解决问题的能力。

根据话题，要求讨论技术是否在教育中必不可少，考生可以从图片内容入手，指出自己的观点：技术虽然可以一定程度帮助我们学习，但是并不是必不可少的，太过依赖于技术反而不利于学习。

接着在第二段针对此观点进行论证时，则可以根据技术在学习中的这两个方面分别进行论述。

【参考范文】Is Technology Indispensable in Education?(1)The phenomenon depicted in the cartoon that the student cannot complete such easy calculation as“what is2plus2?”without a tech support,reveals that nowadays in education,we are too dependent on technology and the essence of learning is ignored.As far as I am concerned,technology plays a useful but not indispensable role in education.(2)Undoubtedly,technology is a useful tool in assisting students in study if used appropriately.(3)For example,if you want to learn certain skills or solve certain problems,the Internet allows you to search for different kinds of materials that you need and the computer can help you deal with some sophisticated calculations.(4)However,education is not just to solve some certain problems,but to inspire the students and help them tap their potentials.If the students are too dependent on technology,if they just resort to technology instead of thinking by themselves,they will never learn how to solve problem and their potentials can never be touched.And then,the essence of education,learning,is totally ignored.(5)All in all,technology is not indispensable in education and students cannot depend on technology to solve every problem.If possible,technology can be employed by students as a tool,but it can never replace learning.【行文点评】(1)揭示图片内容，并表达自己的观点：在现代教育中，我们过于依赖技术，而学习的本质已被忽视。

2014年12月六级真题答案解析（第一套）

2014年12⽉六级真题答案解析（第⼀套）2014年12⽉⼤学英语六级考试真题(⼀)Part I Writing (30minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay based on the picture below. Youshould start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then discuss whether technology isindispensable in education. You should give sound arguments to support your views and write at least 150words but no more than 200 words.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension (30minutes)SectionA注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

1.A． The man's tennis racket is good enough.B． The man should get a pair of new shoes.C． She can wait for the man for a little while.D． Physical exercise helps her stay in shape.2.A． The woman will skip Dr. Smith's lecture to help the man.B． Kathy is very pleased to attend the lecture by Dr. Smith.C． The woman is good at doing lab demonstrations.D． The man will do all he can to assist the woman.3.A． The woman asked the man to accompany her to the party.B． Steve became rich soon after graduation from college.C． Steve invited his classmates to visit his big cottage.D． The speakers and Steve used to be classmates.4.A． In a bus.B． In a clinic.C． In a boat.D． In a plane.5.A． 10:10.B． 9: 50.C． 9 : 40.D． 9..10.6.A． She does not like John at all.B． John has got many admirers.C． She does not think John is handsome.D． John has just got a bachelor's degree.7.A． He has been bumping along for hours.B． He has got a sharp pain in the neck.C． He is involved in a serious accident.D． He is trapped in a terrible traffic jam.8.A． She is good at repairing things.B． She is a professional mechaniC.C． She should improve her physical condition.D． She cannot go without a washing machine.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9.A． Some witnesses failed to appear in court.B． The case caused debate among the public.C． The accused was found guilty of stealing.D．The accused refused to plead guilty in court.10.A． He was out of his mind.B． He was unemployed.C． His wife deserted him.D． His children were sick.11.A． He had been in jail before.B． He was unworthy of sympathy.C． He was unlikely to get employed.D． He had committed the same sort of crime.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12.A． Irresponsible.B． Unsatisfactory.C． Aggressive.D． Conservative.13.A． Internal communication.B． Distribution of brochures.C． Public relations.D． Product design.14.A． Placing advertisements in the trade press.B．Drawing sketches for advertisementC． Advertising in the national press.D． Making television commercials.15.A． She has the motivation to do the job.B． She knows the tricks of advertising.C． She is not so easy to get along with.D． She is not suitable for the position.SectionBDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear somequestions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, youmust choose the best answer from the four choices marked A ), B ), C ) and D ). Then mark thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Passage OneQuestions 16 to 19 are based on the passage you have just heard. 16.A． The cozy communal life.B． The cultural diversity.C． Innovative academic programs.D． Impressive school buildings.17.A． It is very beneficial to their academic progress.B． It helps them soak up the surrounding culture.C． It is as important as their learning experience.D． It ensures their physical and mental health.18.A． It offers the most challenging academic programs.B． It has the world's best-known military academies.C． It provides numerous options for students.D． It draws faculty from all around the world.19.A． They try to give students opportunities for experimentation. B． They are responsible merely to their Ministry of Education. C． They strive to develop every student's academic potential. D． They ensure that all students get roughly equal attention. Passage TwoQuestions 20 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard. 20.A． It will arrive at Boulogne at half past two.B． It crosses the English Channel twice a day.C． It is now about half way to the French coast.D． It is leaving Folkestone in about five minutes.21.A． Opposite the ship's office.B． Next to the duty-free shop.C． At the rear of B deck.D． In the front of A deck.22.A． It is for the sole use of passengers travelling with cars. B． It is much more spacious than the lounge on C deck.C． It is for the use of passengers travelling with children.D． It is for senior passengers and people with VIP cards.Passage ThreeQuestions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard. 23.A． It was named after its location.B． It was named after its discoverer.C． It was named after a cave art expert.D． It was named after one of its painters.24.A． Animal painting was part of the spiritual life of the time. B． Deer were worshiped by the ancient Cro-Magnon people.C． Cro-Magnon people painted animals they hunted and ate.D． They were believed to keep evils away from cave dwellers.25.A． They know little about why the paintings were created.B． They have difficulty telling when the paintings were done.C． They are unable to draw such interesting and fine paintings.D． They have misinterpreted the meaning of the cave paintings.Section CDirections.. In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time,you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you arerequired to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. Finally, when the passage is read forthe third time,, you should check what you have written. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

2014年12月英语六级真题及答案(完整版共三套)

17. A) It is very beneficial to their academic progress. B) It helps them soak up the surrounding culture. C) It is as important as their learning experience. D) It ensures their physical and mental health.
Passage Two Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.
19. A) They try to give students opportunities for experimentation. B) They are responsible merely to their Ministry of Education. C) They strive to develop every student's academic potential. D) They ensure that all students get roughly equal attention.
2. A) The woman will skip Dr. Smith's lecture to help the man. B) Kathy is very pleased to attend the lecture by Dr. Smith. C) The woman is good at doing lab demonstrations. D) The man will do all he can do assist the woman.

2014年12月大学英语六级第一套答案解析(卷一)

2014年12月大学英语六级考试第一套答案与详解（卷一）Part ⅠWriting1、审题:本次作文是图画作文【考频:★★☆】，这是2013年12月六级改革后第一次出现该类型作文，但体裁仍是常见的议论文。

本次作文给出的图画理解起来难度不大，而且涉及的话题是教育和科技的关系，这是考生比较熟悉的话题，因此写起来并不难。

2、列提纲：3. 语言:对图画的描述要用词准确，议论部分可适当使用从句等高分句型。

2014年12月英语六级真题及答案(卷一)(文字完整版)

2014年12月英语六级真题及答案（卷一）目录2014年12月英语六级考试真题（卷一） (1)2014年12月英语六级考试真题答案（卷一） (13)2014年12月英语六级考试真题（卷一）Part I WritingDirections：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write on essay based on the picture below. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then discuss what qualities an employer should look for in job applicants. You should give sound arguments to support your views and write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.2014年12月英语六级作文真题范文1：学历歧视Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay based on the picture below. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then discuss what qualities an employer should look for in job applicant. You should give sound arguments to supportyour views and write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.According to the picture, an employer turns down a job applicant, for his degree is less advanced than the other applicants, even though he has a good resume. Actually, what’s behind the cartoon is the tendency that employers focus on academic performance when hiring.No one disputes that a college or higher degree opens doors. Despite that, as far as I’m concerned, academic degree should not be the primary criteria in selecting talents. First of all,academic degrees only represent the applicants’proficiency in their school work, and cannotdemonstrate their personality or other abilities. For instance, the responsibility of a human resources manager is to deal with people, and thus it requires advanced people skill which is by no means shown in the diploma. Second, emphasis on degrees may stall the development of the company. They will lose real talents if they judge people only by their educational background, while it is often the case that college drop-outs like Bill Gates, Michael Dell, Steve Jobs, etc., run wildly successful enterprises.Therefore, instead of running after applicants with higher degrees, companies shouldbecome more concerned about what it takes to do the job and what a college education actually provides.2014年12月英语六级作文真题范文2：学历歧视【真题范文】In the modern society, with competition becomes increasingly fierce, to find a job is too difficult for the young generation. Academic qualification, as a job a stepping-stone, is an essential factor during the job hunting.Some people think that the highly educated must be able to find a good job, because education can prove that a person has a good capacity. Therefore, it is commonly believe that a job seeker with a master degree must be easier to find a promising job than a undergraduate. However, now the company interviewers generally prefer to required a even higher academic qualification, like a doctor degree. Otherwise, the applicants, even though he or she has tremendous potential, will be refused relentlessly.As far as I am concerned, education should not be the single standard in an interview. As for the companies, it is not necessarily a good principle as well. Now the whole community often talk about working ability and efficiency. For example, some people may have high academic qualification, but actually his ability is very limited. So both the individual and the community ought to change their attitude on academic qualification. We should realize that it is the operational capability and service ability which can help you to find a good job.【范文译文】在现代社会，随着竞争越来越激烈，找工作对于年轻人来说异常困难。

2014年12月大学英语六级考试真题第1套-Reading Comprehension Section A

（自我意识）Children are natural-born scientists. They have inquiring minds, and they aren’t afraid to admit they don’t know something. Most of them, unfortunately, lose this as they get older. They become self-conscious and don’t want to appear stupid. Instead of finding things out for themselves they make assumption that often turn out to be wrong.vt.So it’s not a case of getting kids interested in science. You just have to avoid killing the passion for learning that they were born with. It’s no coincidence that kids start deserting science once it becomes formalised. Children naturally have a blurred approach to acquiringknowledge. They see learning about science or biology or cooking as all part of the same act---it’s all learning. It’s only because of the practicalities of education that you have to start breaking down the curriculum into specialist subjects. You need to have specialist teachers who impart what they know. Thus once they enter school, children begin to define subjects and erect boundaries that needn’t otherwise exist.Dividing subjects into science, maths, English, etc. is something we do for convenience. In the end it’s all learning, but many children today exclude themselves from a scientific education. They think science is forscientists, not for them.（直到）Of course we need to specialise eventually. Each of us has only so much time on Earth, so we can’t study everything. At 5 years old, our field of knowledge andexploration is broad, covering anything from learning to walk to learning to count. Gradually it narrows down so that by the time we are 45, it might be one tiny little corner within science.。

2014年12月英语四级考试阅读真题及答案

2014年12⽉英语四级考试阅读真题及答案 Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section A Directions：In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. For decades, Americans have taken for granted the XXXX development of new technologies. The innovations(创新)XXXX opment during World War II and afterwards were(36)_____ to the prosperity of the nation in the second half of the 20th century. Those innovations, upon which virtually all aspects of(37)_____ society now depend, were possible because the United States then(38)_____ the world in mathematics and science education. Today, however, despite increasing demand for workers with strong skills in mathematics and science, the(39)_____ of degrees awarded in science, math, and engineering are decreasing. The deeling in degree production in what are called the STEM disciplines(science, technology, engineering, and math.)seems to be(40)_____related to the comparatively weak performance by U.S. schoolchildren on international assessments of math and science. Many students entering college have weak skills in mathematics. According to the 2005 report of the Business Higher Education Forum, 22 percent of college freshmen must take remediat(补习的)math(41)_____, and less than half of the students who plan to major in science or engineering(42)_____complete a major in those fields. The result has been a decrease in the number of American college graduates who have the skills, (43)_____ in mathematics, to power a workforce that can keep the country at the forefront(前⾔)of innovation and maintain its standard of living. With the(44)_____ performance of American students in math and science has come increased competition from students from other countries that have strongly supported education in these areas. Many more students earn(45)_____ in the STEM disciplines in developing countries than in the United States. A.accelerating B.actually C.closely D.contemporary E.courses F.critical G.declining H.degrees I.especially J.future K.led L.met M.procedures N.proportions O.sphetes Section B Directions：In this section，you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2. Ban sugary drinks that will add fuel to the obesity war [A] On a train last Thursday, I sat opposite a man who was so fat he filled more than one seat. He was pale and disfigured and looked sick to death, which he probably was: obesity(肥胖的)leads to many nasty ways of dying. Looking around the carriage, I saw quite a few people like him, including a couple of fatty children with swollen checks pressingagainst their eyes. These people are part of what is without exaggeration an epidemic(流⾏病)of obesity. [B] But it is quite unnecessary: there is a simple idea- far from new- that could spare millions of such people a lifetime of chronic(长期的)ill health, and at the same time save the National Health Service(NHS)at least ￡14 billion a year in England and Wales. There would, you might think, be considerable public interest in it. This simple idea is that sugar is as good- or as bad- as poison and should be avoided. It is pure, white and deadly, as Professor John Yudkin described it 40 years ago in a revolutionary book of that name. The subtitle was How Sugar Is Killing Us. [C] In its countless hidden forms, in ready meals, junk food and sweet drinks, sugar leads to addiction(瘾), to hormonal upsets to the appetite, to metabolic(新陈代谢的)malfunctions and obesity and from there to type 2 diabetes(糖尿病)and its many horrible complication. If people really grasped that, they would try to kick the habit, particularly as Britain is the ― fat man of Europe‖ . They might even feel driven to support government measures to prevent people from consuming this deadly stuff. Yet so far this idea has met little but resistance. [D] It is not difficult to imagine the vested interests(既得利益集团)lined up against any sugar control- all the food and drink manufacturers, processors, promoters and retailers who make such easy pickings out of the magic powers of sugar. Then there are the liberals, with whom I would normally side, who protest that government regulation would be yet another instance of interference in our lives. [E]That is true, but people should realize that you cannot have a welfare state without a nanny state(保姆国家), to some degree. If we are all to be responsible for one another’s health insurance, through socialized medicine, then we are all closely involved in one another’s health, including everyone’s eating and drinking. That has already been admitted, finally, with smoking. But it has yet to be admitted with overeating, even though one in four adults in this country is obese and that number is predicted to double by the year 2050.Quite apart from anything else, obesity will cripple the NHS. [F]Recently, though, there have been signs that the medical establishment is trying to sound the alarm. Last month the Academy of Medical Royal Colleges(AMRC)published a report saying that obesity is the greatest public health issue affecting the UK and urging government to do something. [G]The report offers 10 recommendations, of which the first is imposing a tax of 20 percent on sugary drinks for at least a year, on top of the existing 20 percent value-added tax. That at least would be an excellent start. The amounts of sugar in soft drinks are horrifying, and turn straight to fat. As Professor Terence Stephenson, head of the AMRC, has said, sugary soft drinks are ―the ultimate bad food. You are just consuming neat sugar. Your body didn’t evolve to handle this kind of thing.‖ [H]Precisely. The risks of eating too much fat or salt(which are very different)pale into insignificant compared with the harm done by sugar. And it is everywhere. [I]It is difficult to buy anything in a supermarket, other than plain, unprepared meat, fish or vegetables, that doesn’t have a large amount of sugar in it. This has come about because the prevailing scientific views of the 1960s and 1970s ignored the evidence about sugar, and instead saw fat as the really serious risk, both to the heart and other organs, as well as the cause of obesity. [J]The fashion was to avoid fat. But finding that food with much of its fat removed is not very appetizing, food producers turned to sugar as a magic alternative flavor enhancer, often in the forms of syrups(糖浆)that had recently been developed from corn, and put it generously into most prepared foods and soft drinks. [K]This stuff is not just fattening. It is addictive. It interferes with the body’s metabolism, possibly via the activity of an appetite-controlling hormone. There’s plenty of evidence for this, for those who will accept the truth. [L]Theoretically, people ought to make ―healthy choices‖ and avoid overeating. But sugar additives are not easy to identify and are hard to avoid. So the snacking, over-drinking and over eating that makes people fat is not really their own fault: obesity is in large part something that is being done to them. It should be stopped, or rather the government should stop it. [M]Going round my local supermarket, I am constantly astonished that it is still legal to sell all the poisons stacked high on the shelves. The problem is that they are worse than useless. They are poisonous. They are known to be addictive. They are known to make people obese. And giving small children sweet drinks or bottles of fake juice all day long is nothing less than child abuse. [N]Clearly, the sale of such stuff ought to be illegal. I hate to think of yet more government regulation. But a bit of tax on sweet soda and a little more health education, a bit of cooking in schools and banning vending machines(⾃动售货机)here and there — as suggested try the AMRC report — is not going to achieve very much. Labelling is quite inadequate. What is needed is legislation banning high levels of sugary syrups used in foods and drinks. [O]In June 2012, the then minister for public health said the government was not scared of the food industry and had notruled out legislation, because of the costs of obesity to the NHS. However, nothing has happened yet. Why not have another Jammie Dodger biscuit and forget about it. 46、Avoiding over-consumption of sugar can improve people’s health as well as save medical expenses. 47、Laws should be passed to make it illegal to produce overly sweet foods or drinks. 48、Giving small children sweet juices to drink all the time is equal to child abuse. 59、Looking around, the author found obesity quite widespread. 50、The number of obese people is expected to increase quickly in the next few decades. 51、If people really understood the horrible consequences of sugary foods and drinks, they would support government measures against sugar consumption. 52、It would be a very good beginning wo improve an additional tax on sugary drinks. 53、The government has not yet taken any action to regulate sugar consumption although it indicated its intention to do so some time ago. 54、Sugar is far more harmful to health than fat and salt. 55、Consumers of sweet foods are not really to blame because they cannot tell what food is sugary.Section C Directions：There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C)and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. The rise of the Internet has been one of the most transformative developments in human history, comparable in impact to the invention of the printing press and the telegraph. Over two billion people worldwide now have access to vastly more information than ever before, and can communicate with each other instantly, often using Web-connected mobile devices they carry everywhere. But the Internet’s tremendous impacts has only just begun. ―Mass adoption of the Internet is driving one of the most exciting social, cultural, and political transformations in history, and unlike earlier periods of change, this time the effects are fully global,‖ Schmidt and Cohen write in their new book. The New Digital Age. Perhaps the most profound changes will come when the five billion people worldwide who currently lack Internet access get online. The authors do an excellent job of examining the implications of the Internet revolution for individuals, governments, and institutions like the news media. But if the book has one major shortcoming, it’s that authors don’t spend enough time applying a critical eye to the role of Internet businesses in these weeping changes. In their book, the authors provide the most authoritative volume to date that describes — and more importantly predicts — how the Internet will shape our lives in the coming decades. They paint a picture of a world in which individuals, companies, institutions, and governments must deal with two realities, one physical, and one virtual. At the core of the book is the idea that ―technology is neutral, but people aren’t.‖ By using this concept as a starting point, the authors aim to move beyond the now familiar optimist vs. pessimist dichotomy(对⽴观点)that has characterized many recent debates about whether the rise of the Internet will ultimately be good or bad for society. In an interview with TIME earlier this week, Cohen said although he and his co-author are optimistic about many aspects of the Internet, they’re also realistic about the risks and dangers that lie ahead when the next five billion people come online, particularly with respect to personal privacy and state surveillance(监视). 56、In what way is the rise of the Internet similar to the invention of the printing press and the telegraph? A.It transforms human history. B.It facilitates daily communication. C.It is adopted by all humanity. D.It revolutionizes people's thinking. 57、How do Schmidt and Cohen describe the effects of the Internet? A.They are immeasurable. B.They are worldwide. C.They are unpredictable. D.They are contaminating 58、In what respect is the book The New Digital Age considered inadequate? A.It fails to recognize the impact of the Internet technology. B.It fails to look into the social implications of the Internet. / p > p > 0 0 C . I t l a c k s a n o b j e c t i v e e v a l u a t i o n o f t h e r o l e o f I n t e r n e t b u s i n e s s e s . / p > p > 0 0 D . I t d o e s n o t a d d r e s s t h e t e c h n i c a l a s p e c t s o f I n t e r n e t c o m m u n i c a t i o n . / p > p > 0 0 5 9 0 W h a t w i l l t h e f u t u r e b e l i k e w h e n e v e r y b o d y g e t s o n l i n e ? / p > p > 0 0 A . P e o p l e w i l l b e l i v i n g i n t w o d i f f e r e n t r e a l i t i e s . / p > p > 0 0 B . P e o p l e w i l l h a v e e q u a l a c c e s s t o i n f o r m a t i o n . / p > p > 0 0 C . P e o p l e d o n t h a v e t o t r a v e l t o s e e t h e w o r l d . / p > p > 00 D . P e o p l e d o n t h a v e t o c o m m u n i c a t e f a c e t o f a c e . / p > p > 0 0 6 0 0 W h a t d o e s t h e p a s s a g e s a ya b o u t t h e a u t h o r s o f T h e N e w D i g i t a l A g e ? / p > p > 0 0 A . T h e y l e a v e m a n y q u e s t i o n s u n a n s w e r e d c o n c e r n i n g t h e I n t e r n e t . / p > p > 0 0 B . T h e y a r e o p t i m i s t i c a b o u t t h e f u t u r e o f t h e I n t e r n e t r e v o l u t i o n . / p > p > 0 0 C . T h e y h a v e e x p l o r e d t h e u n k n o w n t e r r i t o r i e s o f t h e v i r t u a l w o r l d . / p > p > 0 0 D . T h e y d o n t t a k e s i d e s i n a n a l y z i n g t h e e f f e c t s o f t h e I n t e r n e t . / p >。

2014年12月英语六级词汇语法模拟试题及答案汇总(5套)

2014年12月大学英语六级CET6考试词汇语法模拟试题及答案汇总目录2014年12月大学英语六级CET6考试词汇语法模拟试题及答案（1） (1)2014年12月大学英语六级CET6考试词汇语法模拟试题及答案（2） (5)2014年12月大学英语六级CET6考试词汇语法模拟试题及答案（3） (9)2014年12月大学英语六级CET6考试词汇语法模拟试题及答案（4） (13)2014年12月大学英语六级CET6考试词汇语法模拟试题及答案（5） (17)2014年12月大学英语六级CET6考试词汇语法模拟试题及答案（1）1.____in the past, at the moment it is a favorite choice for wedding gown.A. Unpopular has as white beenB. White has been as unpopularC. Unpopular has been as whiteD. Unpopular as white has been2.____for a long time, the fields are all dried up.A. There has been no rainB. Having no rainC. There having been no rainD. There being no rain3. The millions of calculations involved, ____by hand, would have lost allpractical value by the time they were finished.A. had they been doneB. they had been doneC. having been doneD. they were done4. Televisions enable us to see things happen almost at the exact moment____.A. which they are happeningB. they are happeningC. which they happenD. they have happened5.____me most was that the young boy who had lost both arms in an accident could handle a pen with his feet.A. That amazedB. It amazedC. Which amazedD. What amazed6. Although she wrote a lot of short stories and poems when she was very young, ____she was twenty five.A. her first real success did not come untilB. her real first success came until notC. since her first real success did not come untilD. not until her first real success7. You should know better than____ your little sister at home by herself.A. to leaveB. leavingC. to have leftD. left8. As the train will not leave until one hour later, we ____grab a bite at the snack bar.A. may wellB. just as wellC. might as wellD. as well9. She resorted to ____ when she had no money to buy foods for her children.A. have stolenB. stealC. stoleD. stealing10. The boy has admitted to ____ the window while playing football yesterday.A. breakingB. having been brokenC. breakD. be breaking11. Betty advised me to label our luggage carefully in case it gets ____in transit.A. misusedB. mishandledC. mistakenD. mislaid12.____money, she is quite rich. However, this does not mean that she is happy.A. ConcerningB. As toC. In terms ofD. In the light of13. A well written composition ____good choice of words and clear organization among other things.A. calls forB. calls onC. calls upD. calls off14. It is ____with the customer not to let the shop assistants guess what shereally likes and wants until the last moment.A. in her honorB. on her honorC. a point of honorD. an honor15. This house will probably come on the ____next month.A. fairB. marketC. shopD. store16. George was introduced to ____activities at a young age, when she was hireto act as a lookout for drugdealers.A. illegalB. lawfulC. faithfulD. peaceful17. An institution that properly carries the name university is a more comprehensive and complex institution than any other kind of higher education____.A. settlementB. establishmentC. costructionD. structure18. People’s status in society is frequently ____by how much they own.A. measuredB. examinedC. testedD. questioned19. Jack is so ____to his appearance that he never has his clothes pressed.A. adverseB. anonymousC. indifferentD. casual20. There is an increasing ____to make movies describing violence.A. strengthB. directionC. traditionD. trend21. Outside my office window there is a fire ____ on the right.A. escapeB. ladderC. stepsD. stairs22. I ____with the Browns during my stay in New York City.A. put inB. put downC. put onD. put up23. Operations which left patients ____ and in need of long periods of discoverytime now leave them feeling relaxed and comfortable.A. exhaustedB. unhealthyC. upsetD. fearful24. Farmers are allowed to grow small gardens of their own and they sell theirvegetables ____ the black market.A. onB. atC. inD. for25. The electric fan does not work because of the ____of service.A. pauseB. breakC. interruptionD. breakdown试题答案1. D)2. C)3. A)4. B)5. D)6. A)7. A)8. C)9. D)10. A)11. D)12. C)13. A)14. C)15. B)16. A)17. B)18. A)19. C)20. D)21. A)22. D)23. A)24. A)25. C)2014年12月大学英语六级CET6考试词汇语法模拟试题及答案（2）1.____native to North America, corn has now spread all over the world.A. In spite ofB. That it isC. It wasD. Although2. Our civilization cannot be thought of as____in a short period of time.A. to have been createdB. to be createdC. having been createdD. beingcreated3. We feel it is high time that the Government ____something to check theinflation.A. didB. doC.should doD. would do4. It has been proposed that we____our decision until the next meeting.A.delayedB.delayC. can delayD. are to delay5. Hurricanes are severe cyclones with winds over seventy five miles anhour ____originate over tropical ocean waters.A. whichB. whoC. whereD.how to6.____is announced in the papers, our country has launched a large scale movement against smuggling and fraudulent activities in foreign currency exchangedeals.A. WhatB. AsC. WhichD. That7. All the flights____because of the snowstorm, we had to take the train instead.A.were canceledB. had been canceledC. having canceledD. having beencanceled8. Once ____, this power station will supply all the neighboring towns and villages with electricity.A. it being completedB. it completedC. completedD. it completes9. He might have been killed ____the timely arrival of the ambulance.A. but forB. except forC. besidesD. except10. If you have never planted anything, you won’t be able to know the pleasureof watching the thing you have planted ____.A.growB. to growC. growingD. to be growing11. He did me a ____turn by lending me ten pounds.A. goodB. niceC. fineD. pretty12. Once our chickens started laying eggs, we had such a ____of eggs that wewere giving many away to our neighbors.A. outputB. surplusC. productionD. plenty13. Following are comments about the behavior that people in Korea usuallyexpect in various social ____.A. occasionsB. casesC.situationsD. circumstances14. They have considered their high standard of living a(n)____for practising their basic beliefs.A. awardB. rewardC. resultD. consequence15. Mac’s close____to his brother made people mistake them for one another.A. resemblanceB. identityC. appearanceD. relationship16. The thieves____the waste paper all over the room while they were searching for the diamond ring.A. spreadB. scratchedC.scatteredD. burned17. The sight of the fruit salad made our daughter Kit’s mouth ____.A. wetB. waterC. soakD. taste18. The____problem of bring a space ship back from the moon has been solved.A. technicalB. technologicalC. techniqueD. technology19. A large part of a person’s memory is____words and combination of words.A.by means ofB. in terms ofC. in connection withD. by way of20. At her word she stood up and walked away, stopping at the window to pull back the curtain and ____.A.look roundB. look outC. look upD. look on21. Their happiness was very____.A. crispB. brittleC. delicateD. fragile22. I was awfully tired when I got home from work, but a half hour nap ____me.A.revivedB. releasedC. relievedD. recovered23. We should always keep in mind that____decisions often lead to bitter regrets.A.hastyB. instantC. promptD.rapid24. Information and opinion gap exercises have to have some content____talking about.A. worthwhileB. worthilyC. worthD. worthy25. “If we fail to act now,”said Tom, “We’ll find ourselves ____in action later on.”A.paid backB. paid forC.paid upD.paid off参考答案：1——5：BDBCC6——10：BDCDC11——15：AADCD16——20：DCAAB2014年12月大学英语六级CET6考试词汇语法模拟试题及答案（3）1.____in the past, at the moment it is a favorite choice for wedding gown.A. Unpopular has as white beenB. White has been as unpopularC. Unpopular has been as whiteD. Unpopular as white has been2.____for a long time, the fields are all dried up.A. There has been no rainB. Having no rainC. There having been no rainD. There being no rain3. The millions of calculations involved, ____by hand, would have lost allpractical value by the time they were finished.A. had they been doneB. they had been doneC. having been doneD. they were done4. Televisions enable us to see things happen almost at the exact moment____.A. which they are happeningB. they are happeningC. which they happenD. they have happened5.____me most was that the young boy who had lost both arms in an accident could handle a pen with his feet.A. That amazedB. It amazedC. Which amazedD. What amazed6. Although she wrote a lot of short stories and poems when she was very young,____she was twenty five.A. her first real success did not come untilB. her real first success came until notC. since her first real success did not come untilD. not until her first real success7. You should know better than____ your little sister at home by herself.A. to leaveB. leavingC. to have leftD. left8. As the train will not leave until one hour later, we ____grab a bite at the snack bar.A. may wellB. just as wellC. might as wellD. as well9. She resorted to ____ when she had no money to buy foods for her children.A. have stolenB. stealC. stoleD. stealing10. The boy has admitted to ____ the window while playing football yesterday.A. breakingB. having been brokenC. breakD. be breaking[11. Betty advised me to label our luggage carefully in case it gets ____in transit.A. misusedB. mishandledC. mistakenD. mislaid12.____money, she is quite rich. However, this does not mean that she is happy.A. ConcerningB. As toC. In terms ofD. In the light of13. A well written composition ____good choice of words and clearorganization among other things.A. calls forB. calls onC. calls upD. calls off14. It is ____with the customer not to let the shop assistants guess what shereally likes and wants until the last moment.A. in her honorB. on her honorC. a point of honorD. an honor15. This house will probably come on the ____next month.A. fairB. marketC. shopD. store16. George was introduced to ____activities at a young age, when she was hireto act as a lookout for drugdealers.A. illegalB. lawfulC. faithfulD. peaceful17. An institution that properly carries the name university is a more comprehensive and complex institution than any other kind of higher education____.A. settlementB. establishmentC. costructionD. structure18. People’s status in society is frequently ____by how much they own.A. measuredB. examinedC. testedD. questioned19. Jack is so ____to his appearance that he never has his clothes pressed.A. adverseB. anonymousC. indifferentD. casual20. There is an increasing ____to make movies describing violence.A. strengthB. directionC. traditionD. trend21. Outside my office window there is a fire ____ on the right.A. escapeB. ladderC. stepsD. stairs22. I ____with the Browns during my stay in New York City.A. put inB. put downC. put onD. put up23. Operations which left patients ____ and in need of long periods of discoverytime now leave them feeling relaxed and comfortable.A. exhaustedB. unhealthyC. upsetD. fearful24. Farmers are allowed to grow small gardens of their own and they sell theirvegetables ____ the black market.A. onB. atC. inD. for25. The electric fan does not work because of the ____of service.A. pauseB. breakC. interruptionD. breakdown试题答案1. D)2. C)3. A)4. B)5. D)6. A)7. A)8. C)9. D)10. A)11. D)12. C)13. A)14. C)15. B)16. A)17. B)18. A)19. C)20. D)21. A)22. D)23. A)24. A)25. C)2014年12月大学英语六级CET6考试词汇语法模拟试题及答案（4）1. Nowhere in nature is aluminum found free, owing to its always____with otherelements, most commonly with oxygen.A. being combinedB. having combinedC. to combineD. combined2. Physics is the present day equivalent of ____used to be called naturalphilosophy, from ____most of present day science arose.A. which, whatB. that, whichC. what, whichD. what, that3. On no account ____ever leave the baby at home alone.A. should youB. you shouldC. shall youD. you shall4. ____the center of our planetary system was considered as heresy by thechurch in the Middle Ages.A. It is the sun and not the earthB. That the sun and not the earthC. Being the sun and not the earthD. The sun and not the earth5. The reason that his property was confiscated by the country, it ____, was that he was involved in a lot of fraudulent activities during the war.A. was turned outB. was being turned outC. being turned outD. turned out6. I’d rather you ____by train because the weather forecast said there would be heavy snow tomorrow.A. wentB. should goC. will goD. go7. Einstein won the Nobel Prize in 1921 and enjoyed great fame in Germany until the rise of Nazism ____he was expelled from Germany because he was a Jew.A. whenB. whoC. thenD. which8. Nowhere but in the remotest region of the country ____find a place to settledown.A. can heB. he canC. heD. for him to9. With one leg broken in that car accident, he cannot even walk,____run.A. let aloneB. that’s to sayC. not to speakD. not to mention10.____, she led a life of complete seclusion.A. Being disgracedB. DisgracedC. DisgracingD. She was disgraced11. Sometimes a bus ____gets on the bus to check the tickets.A. agentB. officerC. conductorD. inspector12. He made a quick ____from his illness.A. reliefB. recoveryC. survivalD. relaxation13.____the stress of examinations are over, we can all relax.A. WhileB. Even thoughC. Now thatD. For14. My cousin Nancy is often in a poisonous mood; I suppose it’s because she is ____child.A. oneB. a loneC. a singleD. an only15.____the factors already referred to, people sometimes feel insecure becausetheir motives are misunderstood by others.A. But forB. Except forC. Apart fromD. Except that16. If the scheme is ____carried out without waste of time or energy I shall be completely satisfied.A.relativelyB. noticeablyC. appropriatelyD. efficiently17. One day we all may find it useful to have a(n) ____for sending documents, writing any pictures across the telephone lines.A. receiverB. echoC. extensionD. facility18. To their credit the Department of Energy ____these ideas and funded adetailed study.A. took overB. took onC. took upD. took to19. Feeling that she was in the right, she took ____at the dirty remark.A. protectionB. offenseC. defenseD. guard20. They agreed to share in common any ____of funds after all expenses werepaid in full.A. sufficiencyB. surpassC. excessD. surplus21. He was ____her in intelligence.A. belowB. underC. beneathD. down22. It took a lot of imagination to come up with such an ____ plan.A. brightB. cleverC. brilliantD. ingenious23. In the refining process, rice and flour lose much of their ____.A. acidB. alcoholC. vitaminD. sulphur24. Individual lines of the poem were very beautiful, but I didn’t see how thelines fit together. To me, the poem wasn’t ____.A. inherentB. coherentC. logicalD. corporate25. To an especially sensitive child, a simple scolding can be a ____experience.A. hystericalB. grievousC. graciousD. sensible试题答案与解析1. A)2. C)3. A)4. B)5. D)6. A)7. A)8. A)9. A)10. B)11. C)12. B)13. C)14. D)15. C)16. D)17. D)18. C)19. B)20. D)21. A)22. D)23. C)24. B)25. B)2014年12月大学英语六级CET6考试词汇语法模拟试题及答案（5）1. It was requested that all of the equipment ____in the agreed time.A. erectedB. would be erectedC. be erectedD. will be erected2. The man sitting opposite me smiled dreamily, as if ____ something pleasant inthe past.A. to rememberB. rememberedC. having been rememberedD. remembering3. I ____ him the Christmas gift by mail because he came home during theChristmas holidays.A. ought to have sentB. couldn’t have sentC. must have sentD. needn’t have sent4. It turned out that the children were not ____for the accident.A. to blameB. to be blamedC. to be blamingD. to have been blamed5. The desegregation was achieved through a number of struggles,____beenmentioned in previous chapters.A. a few of whichB. a few of themC. a few of thoseD. a few of that6. Setting up a committee might be a way____the project more efficiently.A. to be doingB. doingC. to doD. being done7. It____to see so many children in that mountainous area cannot even afford elementary education.A.pains herB. makes her painC. is painingD. is pained8. Our boss, Mr. Thompson,____a raise in salary for ages, but nothing hashappened yet.A.was promisingB. has been promisingC. promisedD. has promised9. He was determined to sail around the world ____his illness and old age.A. givenB. althoughC. despiteD. in spite10. The board deemed it’s urgent that these invitations ____ first thing tomorrowmorning.A. had to be put in the mailB. must be put in the mailC. be put in the mailD. should have been put in the mail11.____drills that have no real topic have to remainas they are.A. ManufactureB. ManipulativeC. ManipulateD.Manifest12. This book has been in the works so long that I have lost ____of most of thesources found for me by the staff of the library.A. traceB. trailC. trackD. touch13. The elbows on your coat have worn thin, so I must ____them.A. mendB. patchC. repairD. pitch14. ____and wage increases have not kept in step.A. ProductionB. ProductC. ProduceD. Productivity15. People under stress have performed____feats of strength, like lifting anautomobile off an accident victim.A. specificB. extraordinaryC. abruptD. abnormal16. Modern appliances____us from a good deal of household work.For instance,the dryer frees us from hanging the laundry.A.escape B . benefit C. liberate D. comfort17. The audience waited in____silence while their aged speaker searched amonghis note for the figures he could not remember.A. respectiveB. respectC. respectfulD. respectable18. The disappearance of her paper has never been ____.A. counted forB. looked upC.accounted forD. checked up19. When he was asked about the missing briefcase, the man ____ever seeing it.A. refusedB. deniedC. opposedD. resisted20. Communication between a young couple is a(n)____business.A. sharpB. dreadfulC. intenseD. delicate21. After so many weeks without rain, the ground quickly ____ the little rain that fell last night.A. skippedB. soakedC. retrievedD. absorbed22. We’ll ____you as soon as we have any further information.A. notifyB. signifyC. communicateD. impart23. The fox fell into the____the hunters had set forit.A. bushB. trapC. trickD. circle24. I don’t know you want to keep the letter. I’ve ____it up.A. tornB. givenC. brokenD. disposed25. The old lady____and fell from the top of the stairs to the bottom.A. slidedB. slippedC. splitD. spilled试题答案1. C)2. A)3. D)4. A)5. A)6. C)7. A)8. B)9. C)10. C)11. B)12. C)13. B)14. D)15. B)16. C)17. C)18. C)19. B)20. D)21. D)22. A)23. B)24. A)25. B)第21 页共21 页。

2014年12月英语六级真题及答案(卷一仔细阅读)(文字版)

2014年12月英语六级仔细阅读真题及答案（卷一）Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. . You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage oneIt is easy to miss amid the day-to-day headlines of global economic recession, but there is a less conspicuous kind of social upheaval(剧变)underway that is fast altering both the face of the planet and the way human beings live. That change is the rapid acceleration of urbanization. In 2008, for the first time in human history, more than half the world’s population was living in towns and cities. And as a recently published paper shows, the process of urbanization will only accelerate in the decades to come—with an enormous impact on biodiversity and potentially on climate change.As Karen Seto, the led author of the paper, points out, the wave of urbanization isn’t just about the migration of people into urban environments, but about the environments themselves becoming bigger to accommodate all those people. The rapid expansion of urban areas will have a huge impact on biodiversity hotspots and on carbon emissions in those urban areas.Humans are the ultimate invasive species—when the move into new territory, the often displace the wildlife that was already living there. And as land is cleared for those new cities—especially in the dense tropical forests—carbon will be released into the atmosphere as well. It’s true that as people in developing nations move from the countryside to the city, the shift may reduce the pressure on land, which could in turn be good for the environment. This is especially so in desperately poor countries, where residents in the countryside slash and burn forests each growing season to clear space for farming. But the real difference is that in developing nations, the move from rural areas to cities often leads to an accompanying increase in income — and that increase leads to an increase in the consumption of food and energy, which in turn causes a rise in carbon emissions. Getting enough to eat and enjoying the safety and comfort of living fully on the grid is certainly a good thing — but it does carry an environmental price.The urbanization wave can’t be stopped — and it shouldn’t be. But Seto’s paper does underscore the importance of managing that transition. Ifwe do it the right way, we can reduce urbanization’s impact on the environment. “There’s an enormous opportunity here, and a lot of pressure and responsibility to think about how we urbanize,” says Seto. “One thing that’s clear is that we can’t build cities the way we have over the last couple of hundred years. The scale of this transition won’t allow that.” We’re headed towards an urban planet no matter what, but whether it becomes heaven or hell is up to us.56. What issue does the author try to draw people’s attention to?A. The shrinking biodiversity worldwide.B. The rapid increase of world population.C. The ongoing global economic recession.D. The impact of accelerating urbanization.【答案】D57. In what sense are humans the ultimate invasive species?A. They are much greedier than other species.B. They are a unique species born to conquer.C. They force other species out of their territories.D. They have an urge to expand their living space.【答案】C58. In what way is urbanization in poor countries good for the environment?A. More land will be preserved for wildlife.B. The pressure on farmland will be lessened.C. Carbon emissions will be considerably reduced.D. Natural resources will be used more effectively.【答案】B59. What does the author say about living comfortably in the city?A. It incurs a high environmental price.B. It brings poverty and insecurity to an end.C. It causes a big change in people’s lifestyle.D. It narrows the gap between city and country.【答案】A60. What can be done to minimize the negative impact of urbanization according to Seto?A. Slowing down the speed of transition.B. Innovative use of advanced technology.C. Appropriate management of the process.D. Enhancing people’s sense of responsibility.【答案】CPassage TwoWhen Harvard student Mark Zuckerberg launched in Feb. 2004, even he could not imagine the forces it would let loose. His intent was to connect college students. Facebook, which is what this website rapidly evolved into, ended up connecting the world.To the children of this connected era, the world is one giant social network. They are not bound — as were previous generations of humans— by what they were taught. They are only limited by their curiosity and ambition. During my childhood, all knowledge was local. You learned everything you knew from your parents, teachers, preachers, and friends. With the high-quality and timely information at their fingertips, today’s children are rising normally tame middle class is speaking up against social ills. Silicon Valley executives are being shamed into adding women to their boards. Political leaders are marshalling the energy of millions for elections and political causes. All of this is being done with social media technologies that Facebook and its competitors set free.As does every advancing technology, social media has created many new problems. It is commonly addictive and creates risks for younger users. Social media is used by extremists in the Middle East and elsewhere to seek and brainwash recruits. And it exposes us and our friends to disagreeable spying. We may leave our lights on in the house when we are on vacation, but through social media we tell criminals exactly where we are, when we plan to return home, and how to blackmail(敲诈)us. Governments don’t need informers any more. Social media allows government agencies to spy on their own citizens. We record our thoughts, emotions, likes and dislikes on Facebook; we share our political views, social preferences, and plans. We post intimate photographs of ourselves. No spy agency or criminal organization could actively gather the type of data that we voluntarily post for them.The marketers are also seeing big opportunities. Amazon is trying to predict what we will order. Google is trying to judge our needs and wants based on our social-media profiles. We need to be aware of the risks and keep working to alleviate the dangers.Regardless of what social media people use, one thing is certain: we are in a period of accelerating change. The next decade will be even more amazing and unpredictable than the last. Just as no one could predict what would happen with social media in the last decade, no one can accurately predict where this technology will take us. I am optimistic, however, that a connected humanity will find a way to uplift itself.61. What was the purpose of Facebook when it was first created?A. To help students connect with the outside world.B. To bring university students into closer contact.C. To help students learn to live in a connected era.D. To combine the world into an integral whole.【答案】B62. What difference does social media make to learning?A. Local knowledge and global knowledge will merge.B. Student will become more curious and ambitious.C. People are able to learn wherever they travel.D. Sources of information are greatly expanded.【答案】D63. What is the author’s greatest concern with social media technology?A. Individuals and organizations may use it for evil purposes.B. Government will find it hard to protect classified information.C. People may disclose their friends’ information unintentionally.D. People’s attention will be easily distractedfrom their work in hand.【答案】A64. What do businesses use social media for?A. Creating a good corporate image.B. Conducting large-scale market surveys.C. Anticipating the needs of customers.D. Minimizing possible risks and dangers.【答案】B65. What does the author think of social media as a whole?A. It will enable human society to advance at a faster pace.B. It will pose a grave threat to our traditional ways of life.C. It is bound to bring about another information revolution.D. It breaks down the final barriers in human communication.【答案】A。

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2014年12月大学英语六级考试真题（第1套）Section BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Meaning Is Healthier Than Happiness[A]For at least the last decade, the happiness craze has been building. In the last three months alone, over 1,000 books on happiness were released on Amazon, including Happy Money, Happy-People-Pills For All, and, for those just starting out, Happiness for Beginners.[B]One of the consistent claims of books like these is that happiness is associated with all sorts of good life outcomes, including - most promisingly - good health. Many studies have noted the connection between a happy mind and a healthy body - the happier you are, the better health outcomes we seem to have. In a meta-analysis (overview) of 150 studies on this topic, researchers put it like this: “Inductions of well-being lead to healthy functioning, and inductions of ill-being lead to compromised health.”[C]But a new study, just published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) challenges the rosy picture. Happiness may not be as good for the body as researchers thought. It might even be bad.[D]Of course, it's important to first define happiness. A few months ago, I wrote a piece called “There's More to Life Than Being Happy”about a psychology study that dug into what happiness really means to people. It specifically explored the difference between a meaningful life and a happy life.[E]It seems strange that there would be a difference at all. But the researchers, who looked at a large sample of people over a month-long period, found that happiness is associated with selfish “taking”behavior and that having a sense of meaning in life is associated with selfless “giving”behavior.[F]"Happiness without meaning characterizes a relatively shallow, self-absorbed or even selfish life, in which things go well, needs and desire are easily satisfied, and difficult or taxing entanglements are avoided," the authors of the study wrote. "If anything, pure happiness is linked to not helping others in need.”While being happy is about feeling good, meaning is derived from contributing to others or to society in a bigger way. As Roy Baumeister, one of the researchers, told me, "Partly what we do as human beings is to take care of others and contribute to others. This makes life meaningful but it does not necessarily make us happy.”[G]The new PNAS study also sheds light on the difference between meaning and happiness, but on the biological level. Barbara Fredrickson, a psychological researcher who specializes in positive emotions at the University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, and Steve Cole, a genetics and psychiatric researcher at UCLA, examined the self-reported levels of happiness and meaning in 80 research subjects.[H]Happiness was defined, as in the earlier study, by feeling good. The researchers measured happiness by asking subjects questions like “How often did you feel happy?”“How often did you feel interested in life?”and “How often did you feel satisfied?”The more strongly people endorsed these measures of “hedonic well-being,”or pleasure, the higher they scored on happiness.[I]Meaning was defined as an orientation to something bigger than the self. They measured meaning by asking questions like “How often did you feel that your life has a sense of direction or meaning to it?”, “How often did you feel that you had something to contribute to society?”, and “How often did you feel that you belonged to a community social group?”The more people endorsed these measures of “eudaimonic well-being”- or, simply put, virtue - the more meaning they felt in life.[J]After noting the sense of meaning and happiness that each subject had, Fredrickson and Cole, with their research colleagues, looked at the ways certain genes expressed themselves in each of the participants. Like neuroscientists who use fMRI scanning to determine how regions in the brain respond to different stimuli, Cole and Fredrickson are interested in how the body, at the genetic level, responds to feelings of happiness and meaning.[K] Cole's past work has linked various kinds of chronic adversity to a particular gene expression pattern. When people feel lonely, are grieving the loss of a loved one, or are struggling to make ends meet, their bodies go into threat mode. This triggers the activation of a stress-related gene pattern that has two features: an increase in the activity of pron-inflammatory genes and a decrease in the activity of genes involved in anti-viral responses.[L]Cole and Fredrickson found that people who are happy but have little to no sense of meaning in their lives - proverbially, simply here for the party - have the same gene expression patterns as people who are responding to and enduring chronic adversity. That is, the bodies of these happy people are preparing them for bacterial threats by activating the pro-inflammatory response. Chronic inflammation is, of course, associated with major illnesses like heart disease and various cancers.[M]"Empty positive emotions" - like the kind people experience during manic episodes or artificially induced euphoria from alcohol and drugs - "are about as good for you for as adversity," says Fredrickson.[N]It's important to understand that for many people, a sense of meaning and happiness in life overlap; many people score jointly high (or jointly low) on the happiness and meaning measures in the study. But for many others, there is a dissonance - they feel that they are low on happiness and high on meaning or that their lives are very high in happiness, but low in meaning. This last group, which has the gene expression pattern associated with adversity, formed a whopping 75 percent of study participants. Only one quarter of the study participants had what the researchers call “eudaimonic predominance”- that is, their sense of meaning outpaced their feelings of happiness.[O]This is too bad given the more beneficial gene expression pattern associated with meaningfulness. People whose levels of happiness and meaning line up, and people who have a strong sense of meaning but are not necessarily happy, showed a deactivation of the adversity stress response. Their bodies were not preparing them for the bacterial infections that we get when we are alone or in trouble, but for the viral infections we get when surrounded by a lot of other people.[P]Fredrickson's past research, described in her two books, Positivity and Love 2.0, has mapped the benefits of positive emotions in individuals. She has found that positive emotions broaden a person's perspective and buffers people against adversity. So it was surprising to her that hedonistic well-being, which is associated with positive emotions and pleasure, did so badly in this study compared with eudaimonic well-being.[Q]“It's not the amount of hedonic happiness that's a problem,”Fredrickson tells me, “It's that it's not matched by eudaimonic well-being. It's great when both are in step. But if you have more hedonic well-being than would be expected, that's when this [gene] pattern that's akin to adversity emerged.”[R]The terms hedonism and eudemonism bring to mind the great philosophical debate, which has shaped Western civilization for over 2,000 years, about the nature of the good life. Does happiness lie in feeling good, as hedonists think, or in doing and being good, as Aristotle and his intellectual descendants, the virtue ethicists, think? From the evidence of this study, it seems that feeling good is not enough. People need meaning to thrive. In the words of Carl Jung, “The least of things with a meaning is worth more in life than the greatest of things without it.”Jung's wisdom certainly seems to apply to our bodies, if not also to our hearts and our minds.46 . The author's recent article examined how a meaningful life is different from a happy life.47 . It should be noted that many people feel their life is both happy and meaningful.48 . According to one survey, there is a close relationship between hedonic well-being measures and high scores on happiness.49 . According to one of the authors of a new study, what makes life meaningful may not make people happy.50 . Experiments were carried out to determine our body's genetic expression of feelings of happiness and meaning.51 . A new study claims happiness may not contribute to health.52 . According to researchers, taking makes for happiness while giving adds meaning to life.53 . Evidence from research shows that it takes meaning for people to thrive.54 . With regard to gene expression patterns, happy people with little or no sense of meaning in life are found to be similar to those suffering from chronic adversity.55 . Most books on happiness today assert that happiness is beneficial to health.Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.Nothing succeeds in business books like the study of success. The current business-book boom was launched in 1982 by Tom Peters and Robert Waterman with “In Search of Excellence”. It has been kept going ever since by a succession of gurus and would-be gurus who promise to distil the essence of excellence into three(or five or seven) simple rules.The Three Rules is a self-conscious contribution to this type; it even includes a bibliography of “success studies”. Messrs Raynor and Mumtaz Ahmed work for a consultancy, Deloitte, that is determined to turn itself into more of a thought-leader and less a corporate repairman. They employ all the tricks of the success genre. They insist that their conclusions are “measurable and actionable”-guide to behavior rather than analysis for its own sake. Success authors usually serve up vivid stories about how exceptional business-people stamped their personalities on a company or rescued it from a life-threatening crisis. Messrs Raynor and Ahmed are happier chewing the numbers: they provide detailed appendices on “calculating the elements of advantage”and “detailed analysis”.The authors spent five years studying the behavior of their 344 “exceptional companies”, only to come up at first with nothing. Every hunch(直觉)led to a blind alley and every hypothesis to a dead end. It was only when they shifted their attention from how companies behave to how they think that they began to make sense of their voluminous material.Management is all about making difficult tradeoffs in conditions that are always uncertain and ever-changing. But exceptional companies' approach these trade-offs with two simple rules in mind, sometimes consciously, sometimes unconsciously. First: better before cheaper. Companies are more likely to succeed in the long run if they compete on quality or performance than on price. Second: revenue before cost. Companies have more to gain in the long run from driving up revenue than by driving down costs.Most success studies suffer from two faults. There is “the halo (光环) effect”, whereby good performance leads commentators to attribute all manner of virtues to anything and everything the company does. These virtues then suddenly become vices when the company fails. Messrs Raynor and Ahmed work hard to avoid these mistakes by studying large bodies of data over several decades. But they end up embracing a different error: stating the obvious. Most businesspeople will not be surprised to learn that it is better to find a profitable niche (缝隙市场) and focus on boosting your revenues than to compete on price and cut your way to success. The difficult question is how to find that profitable niche and protect it. There, The Three Rules is less useful.56 . What kind of business books are most likely to sell well?A Books on excellence.B Guides to management.C Books on business rules.D Analyses of market trends.57 . What does the author imply about books on success so far?A They help businessmen on way or another.B They are written by well-recognized experts.C They more or less fall into the same stereotype.D They are based on analyses of corporate leaders.58 . How does The Three Rules different from other success books according to the passage?A It focuses on the behavior of exceptional businessmen.B It bases its detailed analysis on large amount of data.C It offers practicable advice to businessmen.D It draws conclusion from vivid examples.59 . What does the passage say contributes to the success of exceptional companies?A Focus on quality and revenue.B Management and sales promotion.C Lower production costs and competitive prices.D Emphasis on after-sale service and maintenance.60 . What is the author's comment on The Three Rules?A It can help to locate profitable niches.B It has little to offer to businesspeople.C It is noted for its detailed data analysis.D It fails to identify the keys to success.Passage TwoQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.Until recently, the University of Kent prided itself on its friendly image. Not any more. Over the past few months it has been working hard. With the help of media consultants, to play down its cosy reputation in favour of something more academic and serious.Kent is not alone in considering an image revamp (翻新). Changes to next year's funding regime are forcing universities to justify charging students up to ￡9,000 in fees.Nowadays universities are putting much more of a focus on their brands and what their value propositions are. While in the past universities have often focused on student social life and attractions of the university town in recruitment campaigns, they are now concentrating on more tangible(实在的)attractions, such as employment prospects, engagement with industry, and lecturer contact hours, making clear exactly what students are going to get for their money.The problem for universities is that if those benefits fail to materialize, students notice. That worries Rob Behrens, who deals with student complaints. “Universities need to be extremely careful in describing what's going to happen to students”he says. “As competition is going to get greater for attracting gifted students, there is a danger that universities will go the extra mile.”One university told prospective engineering students they would be able to design a car and race it at Brands Hatch, which never happened, he says. Others have promised use of sophisticated equipment that turned out to be broken or unavailable. “If universities spent as much money on handling complaints and appeals appropriately as they spend on marketing, they would do better at keeping students, and in the National Student Survey returns,”he says.Ongoing research tracking prospective 2012 students suggests that they are not only becoming more time researching evidence to back up institutional claims.Hence the growing importance of the student survey. From next September. All institutions will also be expected to publish on their websites key information sets, allowing easier comparison between institution, between promises and reality, and the types of jobs and salaries graduates go on to.As a result, it is hardly surprising that universities are beginning to change the way they market themselves. While the best form of marketing for institutions is to be good at what they do, they also need to be clear about how they are different from others.And it is vital that once an institution claims to be particularly good at something, it must live up to it, the moment you position yourself, you become exposed, and if you fail in that you are in trouble.61 . What was the University of Kent famous for?A Its comfortable campus life.B Its up-to-date course offerings.C Its distinguished teaching staff.DI ts diverse academic programs.62 . What are universities trying to do to attract students?A Improve their learning environment.B Upgrade their campus facilities.C Offer more scholarships to the gifted.D Present a better academic image.63 . What does Rob Behrens suggest universities do in marketing themselves?A Publicize the achievements of their graduates.B Go to extra lengths to cater to students' needs.C Refrain from making promises they cannot honor.D Survey the expectations of their prospective students.64 . What is students' chief consideration in choosing a university?A Whether it promises the best job prospects.B Whether it is able to deliver what they want.C Whether it ranks high among similar institutions.D Whether it offers opportunities for practical training.65 . What must universities show to win recruitment campaigns?A They are positioned to meet the future needs of society.B They are responsible to students for their growth.C They are ever ready to improve themselves.D They are unique one way or another.46 . 正确答案是D统计：全站统计：本题共被作答538 次，总正确率8% ，最容易被选错的选项为C 解析：D段第二句提到，几个月之前，作者写了一篇关于心理学研究的文章，深入探讨了快乐对于人们来说究竟意味着人们；接着最后一句提到作者在这篇文章中还专门探索了有意义的生活与快乐的生活之间的区别。

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