中国古代四大发明中英文版
中国古代四大发明中英文版17页文档
3、法律是最保险的头盔。——爱·科 克 4、一个国家如果纲纪不正，其国风一 定颓败 。—— 塞内加 5、法律不能使人人平等，但是在法律 面前人 人是平 等的。 ——波 洛克
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❖ 知识就是财富 ❖ 丰富你的人生
71、既然我已经踏上这条道路，那么，任何东西都不应妨碍我沿着这条路走下去。——康德 72、家庭成为快乐的种子在外也不致成为障碍物但在旅行之际却是夜间的伴侣。——西塞罗 73、坚持意志伟大的事业需要始终不渝的精神。——伏尔泰 74、路漫漫其修道远，吾将上下而求索。——屈原 75、内外相应，言行相称。——韩非
四大发明简介(中英文版本)
China Ancient Four InventionsCompass, gunpowder['ɡʌn,paudə], papermaking skill and typography[tai'pɔɡrəfi], is China ancient['einʃənt]four inventions, it is one of the signs that China become to the ancient civilized['sivilaizd]country, occupy['ɔkjupai]the important position in the history of human civilization[,sivilai'zeiʃən].罗盘、火药、造纸术和印刷术,是中国古代四大发明,这是中国成为这古老文明的国家，占据在人类文明史上占有重要地位的标志之一。
1. Compass指南针The invention of the compass is the result of China ancient working people know to the object magnetism['mæɡnitizəm] in the long-term practice.指南针的发明是我国古代劳动人民长期实践中认识到物体的磁性的结果。
Because of productive labor['leibə], people have found the characteristic[,kærəktə'ristik]of the magnet['mæɡnit] pointing to direction. Through experiment and research in many ways, invented the Compass at last.由于生产劳动,人们已经发现了磁铁的指出方向的特点。
四大发明简介(中英文版本)
China Ancient Four InventionsCompass, gunpowder['ɡʌn,paudə], papermaking skill and typography[tai'pɔɡrəfi], is China ancient['einʃənt] four inventions, it is one of the signs that China become to the ancient civilized['sivilaizd]country, occupy['ɔkjupai]the important position in the history of human civilization[,sivilai'zeiʃən].罗盘、火药、造纸术和印刷术,是中国古代四大发明,这是中国成为这古老文明的国家，占据在人类文明史上占有重要地位的标志之一。
1. Compass指南针The invention of the compass is the result of China ancient working people know to the object magnetism['mæɡnitizəm] in the long-term practice.指南针的发明是我国古代劳动人民长期实践中认识到物体的磁性的结果。
Because of productive labor['leibə], people have found the characteristic[,kærəktə'ristik] of the magnet['mæɡnit]pointing to direction. Through experiment and research in many ways, invented the Compass at last.由于生产劳动,人们已经发现了磁铁的指出方向的特点。
中国四大发明中英文对照
Four Great Inventions of Ancient China is the world's four great inventions impact. Namely, papermaking, the compass, gunpowder, movable type.四大发明是指中国古代对世界具有很大影响的四种发明。
即造纸术、指南针、火药、活字印刷术。
CompassCompass is used to determine position of a simple instrument. Formerly known as Sinan. The main components are mounted on a shaft can freely rotate the needle (commonly known as magnet). Needle on the ground magnetic field can be maintained at the tangent magnetic radial direction. Needle points to the geographical North Pole South Pole, take advantage of this performance can be a sense of direction. Commonly used in navigation, geodesy, travel and military and so on.指南针指南针是用以判别方位的一种简单仪器。
前身是司南。
主要组成部分是一根装在轴上可以自由转动的磁针(俗称吸铁石)。
磁针在地磁场作用下能保持在磁子午线的切线方向上。
磁针的北极指向地理的南极，利用这一性能可以辨别方向。
常用于航海、大地测量、旅行及军事等方面。
Compass invented the ancient Chinese practice of long-term understanding of the results of magnetic objects. Ancient Chinese people into contact with magnetite, as he began to understand the nature of magnetism. It cited the first to discover the magnetic properties of iron. Then they discovered that the directivity of the magnet. After many experiments and studies, and finally invented the compass can be useful.指南针的发明是中国古人在长期的实践中对物体磁性认识的结果。
中国传统文化向外国朋友介绍 中国古代四大发明-高考英语作文突破
Step 3连词成句
Para.2 2.介绍造纸术（起源、发展和影响等） 3.在他之前，人们用龟甲、竹木片等天然材料或者是昂贵的丝织品作为书写材料。他 们除了贵，也不易携带和保存。为了解决这些问题，蔡伦用树皮、烂麻、破布和破 渔网等成功制成了纸。在那以后，纸逐渐取代了竹木和丝织品，成为写画的载体。
Before his time, people had used natural materials such as tortoise shells, animal bones, bamboo slats or expensive silk to write on. Apart from their high cost, these things were not easy to carry around or to store. To deal with these problems, Cai Lun used pieces of tree bark(树皮), sodden flax（烂麻）, rags（破布） and scraps of fishing nets （破渔网）to make paper successfully. After that, paper gradually replaced bamboo and silk as the medium for writing and painting, which has a great impact on the development of world civilization.
2.介绍造纸术（起源、发展和影响等） Para3:总结+期待
Step2 罗列要点(关键词) Para1:招呼用语+写信背景+目的
How’s everything going? be interested in / be fond of, the Four Great Inventions of Ancient China，
中国古代四大发明中英文版剖析
4、Gunpowder
Gunpowder was invented in China, dating back more than 1000 years. Research began in ancient alchemy . Alchemy was popular for a thousand years, but finally nothing. However, some of the specific methods used in alchemy still has merit, and it shows the original form of the chemical, refining methods like gunpowder. Thus the invention of gunpowder has some chance. 火药是中国人发明的，距今已有1000多年了。火药的研究始于古代 炼丹术。炼丹术流行了一千多年，最后还是一无所获。但是，炼丹术所 采用的一些具体方法还是有可取之处的，它显示了化学的原始形态，就 如火药的炼制方法。因此火药的发明具有一定的偶然性。 Gunpowder consists of saltpeter, sulfur and charcoal powder, so it is also called "black powder." 火药是用硝石、硫磺和木炭的粉末混合制成的，所以也叫“黑火 药”。
如今的造纸经验在什么时候就出现了？由谁发明？ 东汉末年，蔡伦总结了造纸经验，改进了造纸法，所以这种纸又称为“蔡候 纸”。
What raw materials used in Eastern Han Dynasty papermaking ? What is the process? Raw materials - bark, hemp head, rags, old fishing nets Process - Pulping, paper fishing, drying
四大发明用英语介绍短文
四大发明用英语介绍短文What are The Four Great Inventions?The Four Great Inventions are: The Compass，Gun powder，Papermaking，Printing Techniques.中国古代四项伟大的发明是指南针、火药、造纸术、印刷术。
The Four Great Inventions of ancient China are celebrated in Chinese culture for their historic significance and as signs of ancient China’s advanced science and technology. These fourinventions greatly promoted the development of China’s economy, politics, and culture.中国古代的四大发明因其历史意义和作为中国古代先进科学技术的标志而在中国文化中受到赞扬。
这四大发明大大促进了中国经济、政治和文化的发展。
The CompassThe history of the compass can be dated back tothe Warring States Period (476–221 BC), when Chinese people used a device calledsi nan to point the direction.指南针的历史可以追溯到战国时期（公元前476-221年），当时中国人使用一种叫做司南的装置来指明方向。
After constant improvement, a round compass with a tiny needle made of magnetized steel were invented during the early Song Dynasty. One end of the tiny needle points to the south and the other points to the north. The compass was then introduced to the Arab world and Europe during the Northern Song era (960–1127).经过不断的改进，在宋朝初期发明了一种带有磁化钢制成的小针的圆形罗盘。
中国古代四大发明英语
Four Great Inventions of Ancient China is the world's four great inventions impact. Namely, papermaking, the compass, gunpowder, movable type.四大发明是指中国古代对世界具有很大影响的四种发明。
即造纸术、指南针、火药、活字印刷术。
(一)CompassCompass is used to determine position of a simple instrument. Formerly known as Sinan. The main components are mounted on a shaft can freely rotate the needle (commonly known as magnet). Needle on the ground magnetic field can be maintained at the tangent magnetic radial direction. Needle points to the geographical North Pole South Pole, take advantage of this performance can be a sense of direction. Commonly used in navigation, geodesy, travel and military and so on.(一)指南针指南针是用以判别方位的一种简单仪器。
前身是司南。
主要组成部分是一根装在轴上可以自由转动的磁针(俗称吸铁石)。
磁针在地磁场作用下能保持在磁子午线的切线方向上。
磁针的北极指向地理的南极，利用这一性能可以辨别方向。
常用于航海、大地测量、旅行及军事等方面。
Compass invented the ancient Chinese practice of long-term understanding of the results of magnetic objects. Ancient Chinesepeople into contact with magnetite, as he began to understand the nature of magnetism. It cited the first to discover the magnetic properties of iron. Then they discovered that the directivity of the magnet. After many experiments and studies, and finally invented the compass can be useful.指南针的发明是中国古人在长期的实践中对物体磁性认识的结果。
中国古代四大发明中英文版17页文档
6、最大的骄傲于最大的自卑都表示心灵的最软弱无力。——斯宾诺莎 7、自知之明是最难得的知识。——西班牙 8、勇气通往天堂，怯懦通往地狱。——塞内加 9、有时候读书是一种巧妙地避开思考的方法。——赫尔普斯 10、阅读一切好书如同和过去最杰出的人谈话。——笛卡儿
中国古代四大发明中英文版
36、如果我们国家的法律中只有某种 神灵， 而不是 殚精竭 虑将神 灵揉进 宪法， 总体上 来说， 法律就 会更好 。—— 马克·吐 温 37、纲纪废弃之日，便是暴政兴起之 时。— —威·皮 物特
38、若是没有公众舆论的支持，法律 是丝毫 没有力 量的。 ——菲 力普斯 39、一个判例造出另k you
四大发明简介(中英文版本)
China Ancient Four InventionsCompass, gunpowder['ɡʌn,paudə], papermaking skill and typography[tai'pɔɡrəfi], is China ancient['einʃənt]four inventions, it is one of the signs that China become to the ancient civilized['sivilaizd] country, occupy['ɔkjupai]the important position in the history of human civilization[,sivilai'zeiʃən].罗盘、火药、造纸术和印刷术,是中国古代四大发明,这是中国成为这古老文明的国家，占据在人类文明史上占有重要地位的标志之一。
1. Compass指南针The invention of the compass is the result of China ancient working people know to the object magnetism['mæɡnitizəm] in the long-term practice.指南针的发明是我国古代劳动人民长期实践中认识到物体的磁性的结果。
Because of productive labor['leibə], people have found the characteristic[,kærəktə'ristik]of the magnet['mæɡnit]pointing to direction. Through experiment and research in many ways, invented the Compass at last.由于生产劳动,人们已经发现了磁铁的指出方向的特点。
中国古代四大发明英语
中国古代四大发明英语Four Great Inventions of Ancient China is the world's four great inventions impact. Namely, papermaking, the compass, gunpowder, movable type.四大发明是指中国古代对世界具有很大影响的四种发明。
即造纸术、指南针、火药、活字印刷术。
(一)CompassCompass is used to determine position of a simple instrument. Formerly known as Sinan. The main components are mounted on a shaft can freely rotate the needle (commonly known as magnet). Needle on the ground magnetic field can be maintained at the tangent magnetic radial direction. Needle points to the geographical North Pole South Pole, take advantage of this performance can be a sense of direction. Commonly used in navigation, geodesy, travel and military and so on.(一)指南针指南针是用以判别方位的一种简单仪器。
前身是司南。
主要组成部分是一根装在轴上可以自由转动的磁针(俗称吸铁石)。
磁针在地磁场作用下能保持在磁子午线的切线方向上。
磁针的北极指向地理的南极，利用这一性能可以辨别方向。
常用于航海、大地测量、旅行及军事等方面。
英文写作： 中华传统文化之四大发明
英文写作： 中华传统文化之四大发明一、请将下面这段话翻译成英文：中国的四大发明包括指南针、火药、造纸术和印刷术，它们是中国在人类文明史上占有重要地位的标志之一。
第一个指南针产生于战国时期(the Warring States Period)，是利用天然磁石(natural magnet)来辨别方向的一种简单仪器。
火药发明于隋唐时期，主要应用于军事领域，造纸术于东汉年间由蔡伦改进，使纸成为人们普遍使用的书写材料。
印刷术，又称活字印刷术，大大促进了文化的传播。
四大发明对世界经济的发展和人类文化的进步做出了巨大的贡献。
【参考翻译】Four great inventions of China include the compass, gun powder, the paper-making technique and the printing technique. They are one of the marks that China occupies an important position in the history of human civilization.The first compass was invented during the Warring States Period. It was a simple device employing natural magnets to identify directions. Gunpowder was invented in Sui and Tang Dynasties and was mainly used in military areas. The paper-making technique was developed by Cai Lun in the Eastern Han Dynasty, making paper a commonly used writing material. The Printing technique, also called movable type printing, promoted the spread of culture significantly. Thefour great inventions of China made tremendous contribution to the development of the world's economy and the progress of the culture of mankind.二、翻译：四大发明六级练习题（2013年12月卷四）中国以引进新的方式方法来改变人类的生活而著称。
四大发明英文版
PAPERMAKING
The oldest paper Fang matan Paper
History
Paper-making is one of the four great inventions of China, the paper is the han long experience accumulation and the crystallization of the wisdom of working people, human a brilliant invention in the history of civilization.
It's.....
Magnetic compass is a device used to determine geographic direction,usually consisting of a magnetic needle or needles horizontally mounted and free to pivot until aligned with the magnetic field of Earth.
blocks, and then
characters
were
engraved in relief on the
blocks.
Ink was brushed on the engraved block and a white sheet of paper was spread across it and then brushed with a clean brush on its back leaving
By CAI lun in eastern han dynasty (105) of the first year of yuan xing papermaking, improved by CAI lun in the bark, hemp heads and our raw materials such as cloth, fishing nets, after falling, dao, copy paper, drying technology, manufacturing, is the origin of modern paper. This paper, the raw material is easy to find and very cheap, quality is also improved, gradually widely used. In honour of the feat, CAI lun later generations called this paper "Cai Hou paper"
值得收藏！用英语介绍中国四大发明，中国四大发明用英语怎么说？
值得收藏！用英语介绍中国四大发明，中国四大发明用英语怎么说？我们都知道中国有四大发明，分别是“火药”、“指南针”、“造纸术”和“印刷术”，这四大发明是我们的骄傲；我们跟外国的朋友介绍的时候会经常提到，那么四大发明用英文该怎么表达呢？火药 Gunpowder简介一种黑色或棕色的炸药，由硝酸钾、木炭和硫磺机械混合而成，最初均制成粉末状，以后一般制成大小不同的颗粒状，可供不同用途之需，在采用无烟火药以前，一直用作唯一的军用发射药指南针 Compass简介指南针是一种判别方位的简单仪器，又称指北针。
指南针的前身是中国古代四大发明之一的司南。
主要组成部分是一根装在轴上可以自由转动的磁针，磁针在地磁场作用下能保持在磁子午线的切线方向上，磁针的北极指向地理的北极，利用这一性能可以辨别方向。
常用于航海、大地测量、旅行及军事等方面。
造纸术 Papermaking technique简介造纸术是中国四大发明之一，人类文明史上的一项杰出的发明创造。
中国是世界上最早养蚕织丝的国家。
汉族劳动人民以上等蚕茧抽丝织绸，剩下的恶茧、病茧等则用漂絮法制取丝绵。
漂絮完毕，篾席上会遗留一些残絮。
当漂絮的次数多了，篾席上的残絮便积成一层纤维薄片，经晾干之后剥离下来，可用于书写。
这种漂絮的副产物数量不多，在古书上称它为赫蹏或方絮。
这表明了中国汉族造纸术的起源同丝絮有着渊源关系。
活字印刷术 Movable type printing简介活字印刷术是一种古代印刷方法。
是中国古代汉族劳动人民经过长期实践和研究才发明的。
先制成单字的阳文反文字模，然后按照稿件把单字挑选出来，排列在字盘内，涂墨印刷，印完后再将字模拆出，留待下次排印时再次使用。
活字印刷术的发明是印刷史上一次伟大的技术革命。
北宋庆历间（1041-1048）中国的毕升（约970年—1051年）发明的泥活字标志活字印刷术的诞生。
他是世界上第一个发明人，比德国J.谷登堡活字印术早约400年。
四大发明讲解词范文
四大发明讲解词范文（中英文版）Section 1: IntroductionHello everyone, today I"m going to talk about the Four Great Inventions of ancient China.These inventions have had a significant impact on the world and are still influential today.大家好，今天我要讲的是中国古代的四大发明。
这些发明对世界产生了重大影响，至今仍在发挥其作用。
Section 2: PapermakingThe first great invention is papermaking.Before papermaking was invented in China during the Eastern Han Dynasty, people used materials like bamboo strips and silk to record information.These materials were expensive and not very practical.第一种是造纸术。
在东汉时期中国发明造纸术之前，人们使用像竹片和丝绸这样的材料来记录信息。
这些材料既昂贵又不实用。
Section 3: PrintingThe second great invention is printing.The movable type printing invented by Bi Sheng during the Song Dynasty revolutionized the way information was disseminated.This innovation made it possible to produce books on a large scale, which in turn facilitated the spread of knowledge and ideas.第二种是印刷术。
中国古代四大发明
中国古代四大发明英文版搜集整理人：邓顺雨The Four Great Inventions are :The Compass, Gun powder, Papermaking, and Printing.The compass[pitiful:The western people use the compass to point the direction, while ancient Chinese used it to predict the fates.]A compass is an instrument containing a freely suspended magnetic element which displays theThe magnetic compass is an made in China during the Qin dynasty (221-206 B.C.). (a mineral composed of an ironEventually someone noticed that the lodestones were better at pointing out real directions, leading to the first compasses. They designed the compass on a square slab which had markings for the cardinal points and the constellations. The pointing needle was a lodestone spoon-shaped device, with a handle that would always point south.Magnetized NeedlesMagnetized needles used as direction pointers instead of the spoon-shaped lodestones appeared in the 8th century AD, again in China, and between 850 and 1050 they seem to have become common as navigational devices on ships.Compass as a Navigational AidThe first person recorded to have used the compass as a navigational aid was Zheng He (1371-1435), from the Y unnan province in China, who made seven ocean voyages between 1405 and 1433.The Gunpowder[ Pitiful: The western people used the gunpowder to produce the weapons, while ancient Chinese used it to make fireworks.]Chinese taoist alchemists were the major force behind the early invention of gunpowder. Emperor Wu Di (156-87 B.C.) of the Han dynasty financed research done by the alchemists on the secrets of eternal life. The alchemists experimented with the sulphur and saltpeter heating the substances in order to transform them. The alchemist Wei Boyang wrote the Book of the Kinship of the Three detailing the experiments made by the alchemists.During the 8th century T ang dynasty, sulphur and saltpeter were first combined with charcoal to create an explosive called huoyao or gunpowder. A substance that did not encourage eternal life, however, gunpowder was used to treat skin diseases and as a fumigant to kill insects before its advantage as a weapon was made clear.The Chinese began experimenting with the gunpowder filled tubes. At some point, they attached bamboo tubes to arrows and launched them with bows. Soon they discovered that these gunpowder tubes could launch themselves just by the power produced from the escaping gas. The true rocket was born.The papermakingThe word paper is derived from the name of the reedy plant papyrus, which grows abundantly along the Nile River in Egypt. However, true paper is made of pulped cellulose fibers like wood, cotton or flax.First There Was PapyrusPapyrus is made from the sliced sections of the flower stem of the papyrus plant, pressed together and dried, and then used from writing or drawing. Papyrus appeared in Egypt around 2400 B.C.Then There Was PaperA courtier named Ts'ai-Lun, from Lei-yang in China, was the first recorded inventor of paper circa 105 A.D. Ts'ai-Lun presented paper and a papermaking process to the Chinese Emperor and that was noted in the imperial court records. There may have been papermaking in China earlier than the above date, but inventor Ts'ai-Lun did much for the spread of papermaking technology in China.Chinese PapermakingThe ancient Chinese first made paper in the following fashion.∙Plant fibers such as hemp were soaked and beaten into a sludge∙The sludge was strained through a cloth sieve attached to a frame that also served as a drying platform for the resulting paperNewsprintCharles Fenerty of Halifax made the first paper from wood pulp (newsprint) in 1838. Charles Fenerty was helping a local paper mill maintain an adequate supply of rags to make paper, when he succeeded in making paper from wood pulp. He neglected to patent his invention and others did patent papermaking processes based on wood fiber.Corrugated Papermaking - CardboardIn 1856, Englishmen, Healey and Allen, received a patent for the first corrugated or pleated paper. The paper was used to line men's tall hats.American, Robert Gair promptly invented the corrugated cardboard box in 1870. These were pre-cut flat pieces manufactured in bulk that opened up and folded into boxes.On December 20, 1871, Albert Jones of New York NY, patented a stronger corrugated paper (cardboard) used as a shipping material for bottles and glass lanterns.In 1874, G. Smyth built the first single sided corrugated board-making machine. Also in 1874, Oliver Long improved upon the Jones patent and invented a lined corrugated cardboard.Paper BagsThe first recorded historical reference to grocery paper bags was made in 1630. The use of paper sacks only really started to take off during the Industrial Revolution: between 1700 and 1800.Margaret Knight (1838-1914) was an employee in a paper bag factory when she invented a new machine part to make square bottoms for paper bags. Paper bags had been more like envelopes before. Knight can be considered the mother of the grocery bag, she founded the Eastern Paper Bag Company in 1870.On February 20, 1872, Luther Crowell also patented a machine that manufactured paper bags.Paper PlatesPaper foodservice disposables products were first made at the beginning of the 20th century. The paper plate was the first single-use foodservice product invented in 1904.Dixie CupsHugh Moore was an inventor who owned a paper cup factory, located next door to the Dixie Doll Company. The word Dixie was printed on the doll company's front door. Moore saw the word everyday, which reminded him of "dixies," the ten dollar bank notes from a New Orleans' bank that had the French word "dix' printed on the face of the bill. The bank had a great reputation in the early 1800s. Moore decided that "dixies" was a great name. After getting permission from his neighbor to use the name, he renamed his paper cups "Dixie Cups". It should be mentioned that Moore's paper cups first invented in 1908 were originally called health cups and replaced the single repeat-use metal cup that had been used with water fountains.The printingThe Chinese invention of Woodblock Printing, at some point before the first dated book in 868(the Diamond Sutra)金刚经, produced the world's first print culture. However, it is suspected in western world that book printing may have occurred long before this date.。
中国古代四大发明thefourgreatinventionsofancientCh
中国古代四大发明thefourgreatinventionsofancientCh中国古代四大发明 the four great inventions of ancient China 火药gunpowder 印刷术printing 造纸术paper-making指南针the compass 书法calligraphy文房四宝(笔墨纸砚)：The Four Treasure of the Study(Brush, Ink-stick, Paper, and Ink-stone)京剧Peking opera 秦腔Qin opera 相声comic cross talk杂技acrobatics 踩高跷stilt walk 木偶戏puppet show皮影戏shadowplay 折子戏opera highlight 泥人 clay figure口技ventriloquism 花灯festival lantern 灯谜lantern riddle刺绣embroidery 剪纸paper cutting 针灸acupuncture中国画 traditional Chinese painting水墨画 Chinese brush painting中国结 Chinese knot小吃摊snack bar/snack stand 月饼 moon cake年糕 rice cake 油条 deep-fried dough sticks豆浆 soybean milk 馒头 steamed buns花卷 steamed twisted rolls 包子 steamed stuffed buns拉面hand-stretched noodles 馄饨wonton (dumplings in soup)豆腐 tofu; bean curd 麻花 fried dough twist蛋炒饭 fried rice with egg春节：the Spring Festival 元宵节：the Lantern Festival清明节：the Tomb-sweeping Day 端午节：the Dragon-boat Festival中秋节：the Mid-autumn Day 重阳节：the Double-ninth Day 七夕节：the Double-seventh Day大学》The Great Learning 《中庸》The Doctrine of the Mean 《论语》The Analects of Confucius 《孟子》The Mencius《孙子兵法》The Art of War 《三国演义》Three Kingdoms《西游记》Journey to the West 《红楼梦》Dream of the Red Mansions 《水浒传》Heroes of the Marshes《山海经》The Classic of Mountains and Rivers《资治通鉴》History as a Mirror 《春秋》The Spring and Autumn Annals 《史记》Historical Records 《诗经》The Book of Songs《易经》The Book of Changes 《礼记》The Book of Rites《三字经》Three-character Scriptures秦始皇陵 the Mausoleum of Emperor Qinshihuang兵马俑 T erracotta Warriors and Horses 大雁塔 Big Wild Goose Pagoda 丝绸之路the Silk Road 敦煌莫高窟Mogao Grottoes 华清池 Huaqing Hot Springs 五台山Wutai Mountain九华山 Jiuhua Mountain 蛾眉山Mount Emei泰山 Mount Tai 黄山 Mount Huangshan; the Yellow Mountain 故宫 the Imperial Palace 天坛 the Temple of Heaven苏州园林 Suzhou gardens 西湖 West Lake九寨沟 Jiuzhaigou Valley 日月潭 Sun Moon Lake布达拉宫Potala Palace。
中国四大发明(英文版)
Four Great Inventions四大发明Four great inventions: the compass, gunpowder, paper and movable type printing, were ancient China’s outstanding scientific and technological contributions to world civilization.The Compass罗盘The world’s first compass was made in China during the Warring States Period (475-221 B.C. ) by balancing a piece of lodestone carved in the shape of a ladle on a smooth, flat plate and letting it spin. When it stopped, the handle always pointed to the south. After the Northern Song Dynasty (A.D. 960-1127) the Chinese people connected the compass with a square plate engraved with directional points, thus creating the basis for the compasses of today.The compass give play to important function in the navigation after introducing to Europe.Gunpowder火药The Chinese people invented gunpowder in the 7th century. After the invention of gunpowder, human beings suddenly had an unprecedented great force. At the end of the Tang Dynasty and the beginning of the Song Dynasty (10th century), gunpowder began tobe used in weapons. From 1225 to 1248, gunpowder and firearms were introduced to Arab countries from India, and then taken to European countries from Arab regions.Paper造纸Cai Lun, who lived during the Eastern Han Dynasty (25-220), produced high quality paper using tree bark, remnants of hemp, linen rags and other materials. The invention of Cai Lun’s paper-making technique marked the ripening of China’s paper-making technique, and meanwhile enabled the people to leave behind them the days of writing on bamboo slips and cotton cloth.China’s paper-making technology was introduced to Korea and Japan in the 7th century, taken to Arab countries from Central Asia and eventually to European countries during the 12th to 16th centuries. China’s paper-making technology played a great role in the European Renaissance and other cultural and scientific undertaking of the world.Printing印刷术The typography is one of the most important four inventions in ancient China.The invention of China’s printing technique went through twostages, block printing and movable-type printing. BI Sheng’s movable-type printing was introduced to Korea and Japan in the 8th century, and then to Arabia and Europe in the 12th century. Main Religion and philosophy宗教和哲学In China, different religions are respected. People have their own right to choose their belief in God or Allah or in others. people believing in different religions live happily together.gift•Gift giving is a big part of any culture. China is no exception.There are sth interesting in gift giving in China.•For example,Do not give knives, scissors, letter openers, etc. It implies thesevering of a relationshipDo not expect that a gift will be opened immediatelyAvoid giving things to people in groups of four, since thenumber four in Chinese is a homonym for the word 'death' .Never give a Chinese gentleman a green hat. It is associatedwith adultery.Do not give aged people a clock. It is a homonym for the word ‘death’.。
中国古代四大发明中英文版
External communication of gunpowder In the 13th century, gunpowder was passed by the Indian businessman into Arab countries. The Greeks knew gunpowder by translating the books of Arabs. 火药的对外传播 13 世纪火药是由商人经印度传入阿拉伯国家的。希腊人通过翻译阿拉伯人的 书籍才知道火药。 Gunpowder weapons spread through the Arab countries by war , in the period of Genghis Khan westward conquest, the Mongol army used gunpowder weapons. In the 1260 year , Kublai Khan's army was defeated in war with Syria, the Arabs seized their weapons and gunpowder, so as to equip the manufacture and use of gunpowder weapons. 火药武器是通过战争传到阿拉伯国家，成吉思汗西征，蒙古军队使用了火药 兵器。公元1260年元世祖的军队在与叙利亚作战中被击溃，阿拉伯人缴获了他 们的火药武器，从而掌握火药武器的制造和使用。 Some European countries at war with Arabs, and gradually mastered the manufacture of gunpowder and gunpowder weapons technology. 欧洲的一些国家也在与阿拉伯人进行的战争中，逐步掌握了制造火药和火药 兵器的技术。
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External communication of gunpowder In the 13th century, gunpowder was passed by the Indian businessman into Arab countries. The Greeks knew gunpowder by translating the books of Arabs. 火药的对外传播 13 世纪火药是由商人经印度传入阿拉伯国家的。希腊人通过翻译阿拉伯人的 书籍才知道火药。 Gunpowder weapons spread through the Arab countries by war , in the period of Genghis Khan westward conquest, the Mongol army used gunpowder weapons. In the 1260 year , Kublai Khan's army was defeated in war with Syria, the Arabs seized their weapons and gunpowder, so as to equip the manufacture and use of gunpowder weapons. 火药武器是通过战争传到阿拉伯国家，成吉思汗西征，蒙古军队使用了火药 兵器。公元1260年元世祖的军队在与叙利亚作战中被击溃，阿拉伯人缴获了他 们的火药武器，从而掌握火药武器的制造和使用。 Some European countries at war with Arabs, and gradually mastered the manufacture of gunpowder and gunpowder weapons technology. 欧洲的一些国家也在与阿拉伯人进行的战争中，逐步掌握了制造火药和火药 兵器的技术。
东汉时造纸使用什么原料？有什么工序？ 原料——树皮、麻头、破布、旧鱼网 工序——制浆、捞纸、烘干
Papermaking
papermaking propagation 4th century AD, introduced to the Korean, Vietnam. 7th century, introduced to Japan, the Arab region. 12th century, spread to Europe, Africa. 造纸术对外流传 公元4世纪，传入朝鲜、越南。 公元7世纪，传入日本、阿拉伯地区。 公元12世纪，传入欧洲、非洲。
印刷术是怎么样产生的？ 最早的书籍是用手来抄写的，但是这样既费时费力也容易出错。因此就产生的 印刷术。
Most original printing - rubbing method. In 4th century AD, people put the paper on the stone rubbing, get some rubbings.This method is the most original printed methods.
The Four Great Inventions of ancient China
Papermaking
Printing
Gunpowder
Compass
1、Papermaking
When the paper appeared? What is to be made of? First paper appeared at Xi'an in the Western Han Dynasty, and it made by oakum . In 1986, a tomb in Tianshui of Gansu Province unearthed a paper map. According to appraisal of some experts ，this piece of paper is a plant fiber paper. 最早的纸出现在西汉时期的西安，是用麻絮来制成的。 1986年，在甘肃省天水的一座古墓中 出土了一幅纸地图。经专家鉴定， 认为西汉时期的纸属于植物纤维纸。
2、Printing
Printing
How is the printing generated? The earliest books are copied by hand, but then it is also timeconsuming and error-prone. Therefore， printing generated .
最原始的印刷术——拓印方法。 公元4世纪，人们把纸放在石碑上拓印，得到一些拓本。这种方法就是最原 始的印刷方法。
Woodblock printing Sui and Tang dynasties, people put words carved on wood, let the word protruding ink painted on top, then spread on top of paper, brush it. This is the famous woodblock printing.
Gunpowder
Gunpowder applications: In the Tang Dynasty, gunpowder began to be used for military. For example, people often use the "Rocket" in the fire attack. During the Song and Yuan Dynasty (AD 960 - AD 1368), gunpowder is widely used in the military, there has been a lot of gunpowder weapons, such as rockets, handguns, spears, guns and so on. 火药的应用： 唐朝末年，火药开始用于军事。比如在火攻中常使用“火箭”。 宋、元时期(公元960年~公元1368年)，军事上广泛应用火药，出现了许 多火药武器，主要有火箭、火铳、突火枪、火炮等。
雕版印刷术 隋唐时期，人们把字刻在木板上，让字凸出，在上面涂上墨，再把纸铺在上 面，刷一刷就可以了。这就是闻名的雕版印刷术。
Printing
Movable type - Bi Sheng In the 11th century, the Song Dynasty people Bi Sheng invented movable type. This printing method both effort and quickly find errors ，which can also be corrected promptly.
如今的造纸经验在什么时候就出现了？由谁发明？ 东汉末年，蔡伦总结了造纸经验，改进了造纸法，所以这种纸又称为“蔡候 纸”。
What raw materials used in Eastern Han Dynasty papermaking ? What is the process? Raw materials - bark, hemp head, rags, old fishing nets Process - Pulping, paper fishing, drying
后来人们还发明印刷质量更高的技术 木活字——铜活字——铅活字
Movable type external communication It gradually spread to Korea, Japan and Western countries.
活字印刷术对外传播 陆续传到朝鲜、日本和西方各国。
Papermaking
When it appeared that today's paper experience ? Who invented it? In Eastern Han Dynasty, Cai Lun summarizeved paper making, so this paper is also known as "Marquis Cai's paper."
活字印刷术——毕升 公元11世纪，宋代人毕升发明了活字印刷术。这种印刷方法既省力又迅速，发现错误还可 以及时改正。
Later it was also invented a higher quality printing technology Wood type - copper type - type of lead
3、Compass
What inspired people to make the guide tools? Long ago, people discovered that lodestone can absorb the iron (which is now what we call the magnet). As early as the Warring States period, Chinese ancestors have made Si nan by lodestone to indicate direction. This is the first guide tool. 人们是受到什么启发才制造了指南工具的？ 很早以前，人们发现了能吸铁的天然磁石（即现在我们所说的磁铁）。 早在战国时期，中国先民已用天然磁石制成指示方向的司南。这就是最 早的指南工具。
In the Three Kingdoms period, Ma Jun invented the guide car. Song dynasty scientist Shen Kuo describes a method of making use of the needle pointing in its "Dream Pool Essays" . Later, it developed into a needle and bearing plate into the compass. In the late Northern Song dynasty, the compass has been used in navigation; In the Southern Song Dynasty, people have been using dial navigation. The invention of the compass, for the exchange of maritime traffic and the economic and cultural development, played a significant role. 在三国时，马钧发明了指南车。宋代科学家沈括在其《梦溪笔谈》 中记载了制作指向用的磁针的方法。后来，又发展成磁针和方位盘联成 一体的罗盘。在北宋后期，指南针已用于航海；南宋时，已使用针盘导 航。指南针的发明，对于海上交通的发展和经济文化的交流，起了极大 作用。