四大发明简介(中英文版本)

China Ancient Four Inventions

Compass, gunpowder['ɡʌn,paudə], papermaking skill and typography[tai'pɔɡrəfi], is China ancient['einʃənt] four inventions, it is one of the signs that China become to the ancient civilized['sivilaizd]country, occupy['ɔkjupai]the important position in the history of human civilization[,sivilai'zeiʃən].

罗盘、火药、造纸术和印刷术,是中国古代四大发明,这是中国成为这古老文明的国家，占据在人类文明史上占有重要地位的标志之一。

1. Compass指南针

The invention of the compass is the result of China ancient working people know to the object magnetism['mæɡnitizəm] in the long-term practice.

指南针的发明是我国古代劳动人民长期实践中认识到物体的磁性的结果。Because of productive labor['leibə], people have found the characteristic[,kærəktə'ristik] of the magnet['mæɡnit]pointing to direction. Through experiment and research in many ways, invented the Compass at last.

由于生产劳动,人们已经发现了磁铁的指出方向的特点。通过试验和在许多方面的研究,发明了指南针。

The Compass give play to important function['fʌŋkʃən] in the navigation[,nævi'ɡeiʃən] after introducing to Europ['juərəp]e.

指南针在传入欧洲后，在导航上发挥了重要的作用

2. Gunpowder火药

The gunpowder is made of niter, sulfur['sʌlfə]and charcoal['tʃɑ:kəul]three kinds of materials[mə'tiəriəlz] mixing.

火药是由硝石、硫和木炭三种原料混合制成的。

In the Tang Dynasty['dinəsti], the gunpowder begins to be applied[ə'plaid]to the military['militəri] affairs [ə'fεə]. 唐朝，火药开始应用到军事上。

People utilize['ju:tilaiz]the throwing stone machine [mə'ʃi:n], light the gunpowder bag and throw out, burn the enemy['enimi], this is the most primitive['primitiv]cannon ['kænən].

人们利用抛射石头的抛石机，把火药包点着以后，抛射出去，烧伤敌人，这是最原始的火炮。

3. Papermaking skill造纸术

The invention of papermaking skill is China’s contribution to the civilization of the world.造纸技术的发明，是中华民族对世界文明的杰出贡献之一。

In the Eastern Han Dynasty (A.D. 105), the papermaking skill inventor Cai lun is on the basis of that forefathers['fɔr,fɑðɚ] weave[wi:v] silks[silks] experience, have made into the vegetable['vedʒitəbl]fiber['faibə]paper with bark, broken fishing['fiʃiŋ]network, rag[ræɡ], etc. raw materials. From then on, paper become to the material that generally['dʒenərəli] write.

东汉和帝元兴元年(公元105年)，蔡伦在总结前人制造丝织晶的经验的基础上，发明了用树皮、破渔网、破布、麻头等作为原料，制造成了适合书写的植物纤维纸，才使纸成为人们普遍使用的书写材料。被称为“蔡侯纸”。

4. Typography印刷术

The typography is one of the most important four inventions in ancient China.

印刷术是最重要的中国古代四大发明之一

The woodblock['wudblɔk]printing appear in Sui dynasty, it is that carve[kɑ:v] protruding[prəu'tru:d] Backward Chinese character['kærəktə] on woodblock with knife, then brush Chinese ink-liquid['likwid], print[print] on the paper.

它开始于隋朝的雕版印刷，是用刀在一块块木板上雕刻成凸出来的反写字，然后再上墨，印到纸上。

In Sung Dynasty, word worker Bi Sheng (A.D. 1004 ——1048), Use the clay[klei] with viscidity[vi'sidəti], make into the rectangle['rek,tæŋɡl] cube[kju:b], carve the single Chinese characters on it, burn it with the fire, form the font[fɔnt]. The printing skill is named the typography.

北宋刻字工人毕升在公元1004年至1048年间，用质细且带有粘性的胶泥，做成一个个四方形的长柱体，在上面刻上反写的单字，一个字一个印，放在土窑里用火烧硬，形成活字。这种改进之后的印刷术叫做活板印刷术。

In a word, China ancient four inventions, has left behind a magnificent[mæɡ'nifisənt] chapter['tʃæptə]in the history of human science and culture. These great inventions once influenced['influəns]and benefited['benifit]the whole[həul]world, had promoted the advancing[əd'vɑ:nsiŋ] of human history.

总之，中国古代四大发明，在人类科学和文化史上留下了一个辉煌篇章。这些伟大的发明曾经影响并有利于整个世界，推动了人类历史的前进。