状语从句语法讲解

咼中英语状语从句定义:在句中作状语的从句是状语从句，修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等.状语从句由从属连词引导，从属连词在句中不充当句子成分，只起连接作用，状语从句放在句首时，要用逗号，放在句尾时不用.分类根据意义上的不同，状语从句可分为：①时间状语从句②地点状语从句③原因状语从句④目的状语从句⑤条件状语从句⑥结果状语从句⑦让步状语从句⑧方式状语从句⑨比较状语从句三、时间状语从句主句是一般将来时，时间状语从句用一般现在时表将来；主句是—过去将来时，从句用一般过去时表示过去将来时；主句是一般过去时忆：“主将，从句用一般过去时.记从现”(一)引导时间状语从句的连词有：As，whe n (whe never)，before，after，as soo n as，un til (till)，since，every time，once. |（二）、具体应用1）“while ”主、从句动作或状态同时发生.用while引导的从句用延续性动词，常表示较长的时间或一个过程.记忆：While 后用进行时.While we were having supper，all the lights went out.Please kee p quiet while others are study in g」While I was writing letters last night，he was watching TV. 2 ）When 表示“就在”的时候"，while 意为反而，可是，表示转折.One evening Beethoven was walking in a street，when he sudde niy stopped outside a little house.3）When ever无论什么时候，随时1.When ever some one throws in some rubbish，the truck p roduees a pi eee of music. 每当有人扔进一些垃圾时，它（汽车）就放一段音乐2.When ever we' re in trouble，they will help us.3.I go to the theatre, whe never I am free.e and see me whe never you want to.你随时来看我4) till和until(表示"直到” ”)句首多用until |1在肯定句中表示“直到”为止”，主句谓语动词要用延续性动词I was wait ing un til/till he arrived.2、在否定句中表示“直到，，才”主句谓语动词常用终止性动词，这时until和till常被before 替换.I did n' t leave till/un til she came back.5) si nee:主句用完成时，从句用一般过去时，si nee引导的从句间或可用现在完成时It is two years since I have studied En glish.1.We have known each other si nee we were childre n.2.We have bee n friends （ever sin ce） since we met at school.3.It is ”（一段时间）+since+—般过去时态句子It is two years since my sister married. I（一段时间）have/has passed since +—般过去时态句子 Two sisters have/has p assed since my sister married.Si nce+时间点 1.1 have bee n at home since three o' clock this after noon.2. Maria has bee n in Chi na si nee two years ago. | 6) Every time, each time, next time Every time you get back at ni ght, you drop your boots on the floor. Every time I catch cold, I have pain in my back.Next time I go there, I will visit them. | 7) once —旦，就 Once you begin, you must go on. 你一开了头，就应该继续下去 .四、地点状语从句地点状语从句用 where, wherever 引导We should go where the people n eed us.我们应该去人民需要我们的地方 Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者，事竟成.Wherever they went, they received a worm welcome. 无论他们走到哪儿都受到热烈欢迎 .1 She follow him whose he goes.他无论到哪里她总跟着五、原因状语从句原因状语从句用 because （因为）,since （既然）,as （由于）引导1、字母由多到少，语气由强到弱.2、由 why 提问必须用 because 回答Since, as 不回答why 的提问，而且从句一般放在句首‘because —般放在主句之后.3、 before of + 名词Because of the rain, we did n' t go to the park.because 禾口 so 不可连用，只能选其一.(另有 although, but ) Why did n' t he come to school? Because he was ill.Si nee I must die, I must. 既然我一定要死，我一定这样做 .Si nee a lot of people make mistakes in life, Mr Smith wan ted to give Joh n a Chance.5、for 并列连词，不能放在句首，主要放在两个并列句之间.For 所提供的理由为一个补充说明而且前面常有逗号隔开The days we short, for it is December now. 目的状语从句用 so （常用于口语）,that, so that, in order that 引导目的状语从句的谓语常含有 may, might, can, could, should, would 等情态动词.1. We'll sit n ever to the front so we can hear well.2. He studied hard so that he might succeed.3.门I sp eak slowly so that you can take no tes. |4. They hurried to the stati on in order that they could catch the train.4、 八、目的状语从句5.1 took a taxi so that I could get there earlier. |6. I' m going to the lecture early so that I may get a good seat.七、条件状语从句条件状语从句由if, uni ess, （so） as long as（只需）弓丨导在条件状语从句中要用一般时表示将来时（与时间状语从句相同）We will miss the train if you don' t hurry.He said we would miss the train if we did n't hurry.You will fail the exam uni ess you study hard.=(if you don ' t study hard)He won ‘ t come uni ess he is in vited.=(if he isn't in vited) |Eat less food uni ess you want to become fatter.=(if you don ‘ t want to become better)As long as you are not afraid of difficulties, you are sure to succeed.As long as you don't lose heart, you will succeed.八、结果状语从句结果状语从句由such, that, so, .that, so that, that 引导1.Such, that的常用句型such +a/an +形容词+可数名词单数+that such +形容词+可数名词单数+that+thatSuch+形容词+可数名词复数（不可数名词）注意so many (much, few, little) + 名词,such a lot of (或lots of)+ 名词是惯用法，不可乱用. She is such a beautiful girl that we all like her. |They were such beautiful flower that we bought home.It was such delicious food that they ate it up.2. so+形容词或副词+thatso+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+thatHe is so rich that he can buy lot of things for himself.He works so hard that he did everyth ing well.It was so hot a day that we all went swim ming.It was such a good day that we all went swim ming.3.S0 that, that都可以引导结果状语从句He did n't study hard, (so) that he failed the exam.4.Too, to, enough, to可以引导结果状语从句与so, that替换,so, that结构可以用too, to替换必须具备两个条件，一是主句和结果状语从句的主语必须一致，二是从句中的谓语部分必须含有can (could) not.She is young that she can’ t go to school.She is too young to go to schoo~|She isn't old eno ugh to go to school.九、让步状语从句although, thougheven though = even if, whether, or however = no matter how whatever = no matter what whoever = no matter who | whe never = no matter whe n wherever = no matter where *although禾口though者E表示"虽然”只是although 更正式，多用于句首，而though 用于句中，二者都可与yet, still连用，但不与but连用Although/Though they are poor, they ofte n help others.They are poor, but they often help others.Although he has failed many times, he does n' t give up trying.Whatever/No matter what you say, I won' t believe you.No matter what you say, I don' t care.No matter who you are, you must obey the rules of our school.However hard he tried, he failed aga in.No matter what the weather is like, you can always find surfers out ridi ng the waves.十、方式状语从句方式状语从句由as如同，按照),as if (though)引导*as和like都有“像”的意思，as是连词，后面连接句子，like是介词后面可加名词、代词或名词性短语.I did the work as others did. 相当于I did like others.You must do as I do.as if(though)两者意义相同，从句谓语动词常用虚拟语气，但实现可能性较大，则用连接词.It seems as if/though it' s going to rain.They are talki ng as if/though they were old frien ds.She treats me as if I were her brother.Whe n you are in home,do as the Roma ns do.Now that everybody has come, let ‘ s begin our conference.The higher in come tax is harmful in that it may discourage people from tryi ng to earn more. Con sideri ng that he is no more tha n 12 years old, his height of 1.80 m is quite remarkable.4.目的状语从句 常用引导词：so that, in order that 特殊引导词：lest, in case, for fearthat,i n the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end that The boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters so that he could sig n them.The teacher raised his voice on purpose that the stude nts in the back could hear more clearly.5•结果状语从句特殊弓丨导词： such that, to the degree that, to the exte nt that, to such a degree that, got up soearly that he caught the first bus.It ' s such a good chanee that we must not miss it.To such an degree was he excited that he couldn ‘ t sleep last night.常用引导词：if, un less,例 You must doI told you.A. afterB. beforeC. whereD. as (D) The stude nts must dothe teacher told them.A. asB. beforeC. afterD. if (A)卜一、比较状语从句比较状语从句由 as, as, not as(so) as, than, the+比较级,the+比较级引导He swims as well as you. (do)He does n' t swim as well as you (do). He got here earlier tha n you. (did)The busier he is, the happier he feels.英语语法状语从句类型综述状语从句主要用来修饰主句 或主句的谓语.一般可分为九大类，分别表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、 比较和方式.尽管种类较多，但由于状语从句与汉语结构和用法相似 ，所以理解和掌握它并不难.状语从句的关键是要掌握引导不同状语从句的常用连接词和特殊的连接词即考点.现分别列举如下：1.时间状语从句常用弓丨导词： whe n, as, while, as soon as, while, before, after, since , till, un til特殊引导词：the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day,the instant, immediately , directly,I didn ‘ t realize how special myno sooner ,than, hardly , when, scarcely , whenmother was un til I became an adult.While Joh n was watch ing TV, his wife was cook ing.The children ran away from the orchard(果园)the moment they saw the guard. No sooner had I arrived home tha n it bega n to rain.Every time I liste n to your advice, I get into trouble. 词：where2 •地点状语从句常用引导特殊引导词： wherever, any where, everywhereGen erally, air will be heavilyp olluted where there are factories. |Wherever you go, you should work hard.3.原因状语从句常用弓丨导词： because,since, as, sincecon sideri ng that, i nasmuch as, in somuch as andsuccessful.特殊弓丨导词：seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that.My friends dislike me because I ‘ m handsome常用引导词：so , that, so, that, such , thatHe6.条件状语从句特殊弓丨导词：as/so long as, only if, p rovidi ng/p rovided that, suppose that, i n case that, onWe ' ll start our p roject if the p reside nt agrees.7 .让步状语从句 常用引导词：though, although, even if, even though 特殊引导词：as （用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装）,while （ 一般用在句首 ）,no matter , , in spite of the fact that, while, whatever, whoever,wherever, whe never, however, whichever his prop osal..尽管我很尊敬他，我却不同意他的建议.The old man always enjoys swimmi ng even though the weather is rough. No matter how hard he tried, she could not cha nge her mind. He won ' t listen whatever you may say.&比较状语从句 常用引导词：as （同级比较）,than （不同程度的比较）the more , the more , ; just as , , so, ; A is to B what /as X is to Y; no ,more than; not Aso much as BShe is as bad-te mp ered as her mother] The house is three times as big as ours.The more you exercise, the healthier you will be.Food is to men what oil is to machine. 食物之于人，犹如油之于机器.9 .方式状语从句常用弓丨导词： as, as if, how 特殊引导词：the wayWhen in Rome, do as the Roma n do. She behaved as if she were the boss]Sometimes we teach our children the way our parents have taught us. 英语语法状语从句con diti on thatYou will certa inly succeed so long as you kee p on trying.Provided that there is no oppo siti on, we shall hold the meeti ng here.Much as I respect him, I can ' t agree to特殊引导词:。