轮机英语教学课件(03) Diesel Engine Construction (II)
how does a marine diesel engine workPPT演示课件
Fuel injector
Piston
Cylinder
Exhaust port
Scavenge port
Scavenge Compression
(a)
(b)
Connecting rod
Crank 曲柄
Injection (c)
燃油的燃烧给充气增加了更多的热 量，从而导致它膨胀，并且迫使发 动机活塞对曲轴做功，曲轴反过来 驱动船舶螺旋桨。
燃油喷射器
Inlet
Fuel valve
injector
Exhaust
valve排气阀
进气阀
Combustion chamber
Piston ring Piston
Piston pin活塞销
两次喷射之间的运转被称为一个工作 循环，这是由固定顺序的活动组成的。
This cycle may be achieved either in four strokes(冲程、 行程) or two.
这个循环可以由两冲程或四冲程来 实现。
In a four-stroke diesel engine, the cycle requires four separate strokes of the piston, i.e. suction( 吸 气 ), compression(压缩), expansion(膨胀) and exhaust(排气).
2001-03-20
suction
Jimei university
piston
top dead center/centre
inlet port
新版轮机英语unit3_diesel_engine_construction
The cylinder liner has drillings for cylinder lubrication （ 润 滑）, and, in later types（新 型）, has drillings for cooling
water at the uppermost part of
it.
by a cylinder cover, made of a special heat-resistant steel (耐热 钢).
The cover is mounted against a flat
surface at the top of the cylinder liner and located（定位） on the
turned( 机 加 工 的 ， 切 削 ) in the
liners.
In the part of the cylinder liner inside the scavenging air box there is a series of openings known as scavenging air ports.
somewhat down in the scavenging
air box, and sealing between the
liner and the top of the scavenging
air box is achieved by the rubber rings （ 橡 胶 圈 ） fitted into the slots （ 缝 ， 狭 槽 ） machine-
Lesson 3
Diesel Engine Construction
理解柴油机的主要固定件 理解柴油机的主要运动件 活塞的冷却
Lesson3_Diesel_Engine_Construction
Lesson 3 Diesel Engine Construction （１）The BedplateThe bedplate (Fig.7a) is the foundation on which the 2-stroke engine is built. It must be rigid enough to support the weight of the rest of the engine, and maintain the crankshaft, which sits in the bearing housings in the transverse girders, in alignment. At the same time it must be flexible enough to hog and sag with the foundation plate to which it is attached and which forms part of the ship’s structure.If the bedplate was too rigid, then as the hull flexed, the holding down bolts, which secure the engine into the ship would be likely to break, and there would be a danger of the bedplate cracking.Basically the bedplate consists of two longitudinal girders, which run the length of the engine. Connecting these longitudinal girders are the transverse girders, which are positioned between each crankshaft throw, and either side of the thrust collar. Built into the transverse girders are the main bearing pockets for the crankshaft to run in.(1)(a) (b)Fig.7The A-FramesThe A -Frames (Fig. 7b) carry the crosshead guides and support the engine entablature (the cylinder block). On large engines, the A-frames are individually erected on the bedplate directly above the transverse girders. When boxed in with plating they form the crankcase. The trend nowadays is to build the frame box as a separate fabricated construction and then, after stress relieving and machining the mating surfaces, to mount it on the bedplate. This has the advantage of saving weight.(2)When the frames are aligned on the bed-plate they are secured together by drilling and reaming and using fitted bolts.The tie rodsTo hold the bed-plate, frames and entablature firmly together in compression, and to transmit the firing forces back to the bedplate, long tie bolts ( Fig. 8a) are fitted through these three components and then tightened hydraulically. To prevent excessive bending moments in the transverse girders, the tie bolts are positioned as close to the center of the crankshaft as possible. Because the tie bolts are so close to the crankshaft, some engines employ jack bolts to hold the crankshaft main bearing cap in position instead of conventional studs and nuts.(3)(a) (b)Fig. 8The crankshaftThe crankshafts on the large modern 2-stroke crosshead engines can weigh over 300 tons. They are too big to make as a single unit and so are constructed by joining together individual forgings.(4)On older engines the so-called fully built method was used. This consisted of forging separate webs, crankpins and main journals. The crankpins and journals were machined and matching holes bored in the webs, which were slightly smaller in diameter. The webs were heated up and the crankpins and journals fitted into the holes (which due to the heat had expanded in size). As the webs cooled down, so the diameter of the bored holes would try and shrink back to their original size. In doing so, the crankpins and journals would be gripped tightly enough to stop them being able to slip when the engine was being operated normally.Today, crankshafts for large 2-stroke crosshead engines are of the semi built type. In this method of construction the crankshaft "throws" consisting of two webs and the crankpin are made from a single forging of a 0.4% carbon steel. The webs are bored to take the separately forged and machined main journals which are fitted into the webs using the shrink fitting method described above. The shrink fit allowance is between 1/570 and 1/660 of the diameter. The advantages of this method of construction is that by making the two webs and crankpin from a single forging the grain flow in the steel follows the web round into the crankpin and back down the other web.(5)The connecting rodThe Connecting Rod (Fig.8b) is fitted between the crosshead and the crankshaft. It transmits the firing force, and together with the crankshaft converts the reciprocating motion to a rotary motion.(6)Connecting Rods on the later engines are produced as a single drop forging incorporating the top half of the crankpin bearing housing and the bottom half of the solid crosshead pin bearing housing. On older engines the bearings were white metal thick wall bearings, scraped to fit. Clearances were adjusted by inserting or removing shims between the bearing halves. Modern bearings are of the "thin-wall" type, where a thin layer of white metal or a tin aluminum alloy is bonded to a steel shell backing.(7)New Words and Expressionsfoundation n. 基础rigid adj.坚固的transverse adj.横向的girder n.梁flexible adj. 柔性的hog v.使拱曲，上拱sag v.下沉，下陷flex v. 弯曲并伸展holding down bolts底脚螺栓，地脚螺栓longitudinal adj.纵向的thrust collar 推力环individually adv.独立地erect v. 建立，竖立fabricated adj. 锻造的ream v.铰孔jack bolts撑杆螺栓grip v.紧握，抓紧Notes to the text1.Built into the transverse girders are the main bearing pockets for the crankshaft to run in.制造在横梁上的是主轴承座，供曲轴转动。
新版轮机英语unit33Lesson
The ultimate goal in the centralized control room concept will be to perform and monitor every possible operation remotely from this location.
This will inevitably results in a vast amount of information reaching the control room, more than the engineer supervisor might reasonably be expected to continuously observe.
Typical operations would include the raising of steam in the boiler, the circulating of lubricating oil through the turbine and the opening of steam drains from the turbine.
Sometimes, it can even make necessary and take the necessary actions to optimized performance without human intervention.
Equipment operation from the machinery control room will be by a trained engineer. The various preparatory steps and logical timed sequence of events which an engineer will undertake cannot be expected to occur when equipment is operated from the bridge.
船舶柴油机Marinedieselengine
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销定位连杆大端
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chapter2 柴油机主要结构和部件
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螺栓柱面定位连杆大端
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chapter2 柴油机主要结构和部件
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连杆大端轴瓦
厚壁轴瓦： 低碳钢或青铜瓦背，t/D>0.065, 合金0.75～2mm 刚性好，轴瓦本身保证孔精度，对座孔要求低； 单件刮配，小批量生产,仅主轴承中应用。 轴瓦磨损过大时，可抽去调隙垫片再刮配。 为了防止轴瓦在座孔内移动，可用销钉定位。 易疲劳损坏
(锡青铜衬套或浇有轴承合金的卷制衬套 )
a)工字形杆身由模锻而成
b)圆形杆身由自由锻造毛坯车削加工成型 c)增加顶部中央截面抗弯能力的结构(四冲程) d)锥形活塞销座时相适应，主要承压面增大 e)阶梯形活塞销座时相适应，主要承压面增大 f)连杆小端衬套内表面制有许多布油槽
连杆小端的结构形式 活塞销与连杆小端固定连接 其它,活塞销与连杆小端固定形式 (见图)
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2.3.1 连杆(connecting rod)
连杆的功用及工作条件 连杆的要求与材料 筒形活塞式连杆结构 十字头式柴油机连杆结构 V型柴油机连杆 连杆螺栓
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chapter2 柴油机主要结构和部件
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2.3.1 连杆(connecting rod)
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筒状活塞式柴油机的连杆
连杆大端-(曲柄销的轴承)
(上、下两半,螺栓连接) 1. 船用式连杆大端
1：压缩比， 2：轴承间隙
图2-44 船用式和平切口式连杆大端
轮机英语考证单词讲诉
Lesson 1 Types of Diesel Engine 柴油机的类型Terms in the textParagraph 1diesel engine 柴油机mechanical engineer 机械工程师shipping industry 航运业propulsion 推进steam turbine 蒸汽涡轮机gas turbine 燃气涡轮机compression ignition engine 压燃机slow-speed engine 低速机medium-speed engine 中速机high-speed engine 高速机Paragraph 2two-stroke cycle 两冲程工作循环engine power 发动机功率KW (kilowatt) 千瓦component 部件rotational speed 转速power output 输出功率Paragraph 3large, slow-speed ,two-stroke marine diesel engine 大型，低速两冲程船用柴油机cylinder 气缸moving part 运动部件be coupled to 被连接到propeller 螺旋桨gearbox(reduction gear box) 减速齿轮箱reversible 可换向的reversing gear 换向齿轮controllable pitch propeller 可调螺距螺旋桨Paragraph 4merchant ship 商船fixed pitch propeller 固定螺距螺旋桨thrust force 推力be transferred to 被传递到hull 船体thrust bearing 推力轴承Paragraph 5speed range 速度范围r/min(revolutions per minute) 每分钟转速Ro-ro ship 滚装船passenger ship 客船electrical power generation engine 发电机cargo ship 货船Paragraph 6compact 紧凑的low quality heavy oil 质量差的重油application 应用Paragraph 7non-reversible 不可换向的astern thrust 倒车推力Paragraph 8utilize 利用tug 拖轮ferry 渡轮barge 小驳船emergency power generation 发电diesel driven emergency pump 柴油机驱动的应急泵compressor 压缩机Lesson 2 How does a marine diesel engine work? Terms in the textParagraph 1internal combustion engine 内燃机combustion chamber 燃烧室on board ship 在船上principle of operation 操作原理Paragraph 2a charge of fresh air 一股新鲜空气compress 压缩moving piston 正在运动的活塞Paragraph 3fine spray of fuel 细雾状的燃油air charge 充入的空气do work on 做功Paragraph 4working cycle 工作循环suction 吸气compression 压缩expansion 膨胀exhaust 排气revolution 转动，转速Paragraph 5revolve 转动clockwise 顺时针top dead centre 上止点fuel injector 喷油器，油头atomize 雾化droplet 滴fuel burning 燃油的燃烧work energy 工作能量burning fuel 燃烧的燃油exhaust valve 排气阀exhaust gas 废气nitrogen 氮气carbon dioxide 二氧化碳water vapor 水蒸汽scavenge port 扫气口pressurized air 增压空气scavenging 扫气bottom dead centre 下止点timing diagram 定时图Paragraph 7working stroke 工作冲程power stroke 动力冲程theoretically 理论上地swept volume 气缸工作容积inefficient scavenging 无效的扫气power advantage 功率优势valve operating mechanism 气阀操纵机构offset 抵消consume 消耗lubricating oil 滑油Paragraph 8result in 导致slow-speed main propulsion diesel低速主推进柴油机auxiliaries 辅机alternator 交流发电机Lesson 3 Diesel Engine Construction (Ⅰ)柴油机的结构Terms in the textParagraph 1bedplate 机座frame 机架welded design 焊接设计be bolted to 被螺栓连接到seating 底座double bottom of the ship 船舶的双层底secure 固定in transverse direction 在横向上by means of 借助于side-choke bolt 侧气垫螺栓in longitudinal direction 在纵向上end-choke bolt 端气垫螺栓Paragraph 2crankshaft 曲轴bearing 轴承cross girder 横梁main bearing 主轴承shell 轴瓦housing 瓦座machine 车削stud 双头螺栓bearing cap 轴承盖thrust block 推力快thrust bearing 推力轴承be integral with 与…成整体Paragraph 3A-shaped frame A字型机架entablature 气缸体be manufactured of 由…制成cast iron 铸铁fabricated steel 锻钢cast iron casing 铸铁框架scavenging air box 扫气箱vertical flange 垂直法兰chain transmission 链条传动camshaft 凸轮轴enclose 封闭cast iron casing 铸铁箱chain drive casing 链条传动箱Paragraph 4cylinder block 气缸体cooling jacket 冷却水套Paragraph 5tie rod 贯穿螺栓rigid construction 坚固结构deformation 变形in service 在使用中vibration 振动Paragraph 6cylinder liner 缸套alloyed cast iron 合金铸铁chromium-plated 镀铬的sealing 密封rubber ring 橡皮环slot 槽machine-turned 车削的Paragraph 7scavenging air port 扫气口expose 暴露，露出upper edge of the piston 活塞上边缘drill 钻孔at angle of 以…角度scavenging air 扫气空气rotary movement 旋转运动Paragraph 8cylinder cover 气缸盖special heat-resistant steel 特殊的耐热钢mount 安装guide 导板insert 插入groove 环槽conical part 锥体be carried out with care 小心完成sealing ring 密封环screw into 旋入cylinder frame 气缸体Paragraph 9drilling 钻孔cylinder lubrication 气缸润滑cooling water 冷却水uppermost part 最上部Paragraph 10exhaust valve 排气阀fuel valve 喷油阀starting valve 启东阀safety valve 安全阀indicator cock 示功旋塞cooling water inlet 冷却水的进口cooling water outlet 冷却水的出口exhaust valve cooling chamber 排气阀冷却水腔Lesson 4Diesel Engine Construction (Ⅱ)柴油机的结构Terms in the textParagraph 1piston 活塞piston rod 活塞杆a lower part 下部piston skirt 活塞裙an upper part 上部piston crown 活塞头piston rod 活塞杆machine-turned recess 车削的凹槽dowel pin 定位销piston ring 活塞环chromium-plated groove 镀铬的环槽narrow ring 窄环diagonal cut 斜切口overlapping end joint 重叠搭口oil distribution ring 布油环round 开倒角oil film 油膜running-in period 磨合期Paragraph 2thermal stress 热应力thin-wall intensively cooled piston 薄壁强冷活塞insert 插件cooling liquid flow 冷却液流intensify 加强cocktail effect 鸡尾振荡的冷却效果Paragraph 3bore 镗孔top flange 顶部法兰outside diameter 外径annular space 环形空间Paragraph 4nut 螺母dowel pin 定位销correct assembly of the components 部件正确的组装Paragraph 5journal 轴颈crosshead shoe 十字头滑块built-in 内装的crosshead guide 十字头导板engine frame 机架tap-bolt 锥体螺栓Paragraph 6white metal lined 内衬有白合金的groove 环槽cut horizontally 水平切割lubricating oil 滑油Paragraph 7bearing pressure 轴承承受的压力distribute evenly 平均分配peripheral speed 圆周速度later design 新型的设计Paragraph 8forced lubricating system 强制润滑系统cooling oil 冷却油cooling space 冷却空间telescopic pipe 伸缩管articulated pipe 铰链管duct 管子slotted pipe 开槽管control box 控制箱sight glass 观察镜Paragraph 9piston rod stuffing box 活塞杆填料箱scraper ring 刮油环coil spring 圈弹簧Paragraph 10connecting rod 连杆main bearing 主轴承crosshead bearing 十字头轴承crankpin bearing 曲柄销轴承cast steel 铸钢fitted bolt 拂配螺栓compression shim 压缩片bottom end bearing 下端轴承palm 端Paragraph 11white mental bearing surface 白合金轴承表面lubrication groove 滑油槽lubricating and cooling oil 滑油冷却油shims of different thickness 不同厚度的垫片shell 轴瓦adjustment of the bearing clearance 轴承间隙的调节Paragraph 12lubricating groove 滑油槽bearing cap 轴承盖stud 双头螺栓Paragraph 13forced feed lubrication system 强制润滑系统main bearing cap 主轴承盖channel 通道crankpin bearing 曲柄销轴承Paragraph 14built-up type 组合型semi-built type 半组合型forge 锻造be shrunk into 以红套方式嵌入crank throw 曲拐crank journal 曲柄销fully-built type 全组合型main journal 主轴颈displace from 错开balancing purpose 平衡的目的Lesson 5 Fuel Oil System 燃油系统Terms in the textParagraph 1heavy residual fuel oil 重油vary 变化quality 质量analysis 分析成分crude oil 石油原油refinery 精炼，提炼Paragraph 2specification 规格parameter 参数samples of the oil 油样Paragraph 3density 密度consignment 交货centrifuge 离心式分油机purification 净化Paragraph 4viscosity 粘度treat 处理Paragraph 5flash point 闪点Paragraph 6cetane number 十六烷值calorific value 发热值sulphur 硫carbon residual 残碳ash 灰分combustion product 燃烧产物maintenance 维护保养have a lot to do with 与…有很大关setting point 凝点specific gravity 比重water content 水分mechanical impurity 机械杂质Paragraph 7fuel oil system 燃油系统fuel supply system 燃油供应系统fuel injection system 燃油喷射系统deal with 涉及provision 供应Paragraph 8transfer 驳运storage tank 储油柜settling tank 沉淀柜sludge 油渣settle out 沉淀by gravity 依靠重力be drained off 被泄放purification system 净化系统discharge 排放dairy tank 日用柜service tank 日用柜lag 包扎conserve 保持Paragraph 9treated oil 已处理的油pressurized fuel system 已增压的燃油系统circulation connection inhibit 抑制boiling 蒸发gasification 气化cavitations 气蚀Paragraph 10(fuel) supply pump 供油泵returns 回流circulating pump 循环泵booster pump （燃油）增压泵heater 加热器viscosity regulator 粘度调节器fine filter 细过滤器oil at the correct viscosity 适当粘度的油Paragraph 11prime 灌注at uniform temperature 以相同的温度buffer 缓冲器venting tank 放气柜Paragraph 12safety device 安全装置alarm 报警detect 探测quick closing valve 速闭阀remote switch 遥控开关in emergency 在紧急情况下Paragraph 13a metered amount of fuel 计量的油timing mechanism 定时机构delivery 输送means 方法atomize the fuel 雾化燃油Paragraph 14Jerk pump (injection) system 脉动泵喷油系统barrel 套筒plunger 柱塞cam 凸轮dimension 标出尺寸displace 排放port 油口in combination with 合并slot 油槽timing of its entry to the cylinder 燃油进入气缸的定时spring-loaded needle valve 弹簧加载的针阀atomization 雾化Paragraph 15governor 调速器regulate the engine’s speed 调节发动机的速度quantity 数量flyweight type governor 飞重式调速器adjustable 可调节的regulating movement 调节动作be transmitted to 被传递到rod 杆built-in 机内的servomotor 伺服电动机gear-type 齿轮型Paragraph 16indication 迹象clear exhaust 清晰的废气power produced 产生的功率throttle 节流uneven 不均匀的knocking from cylinder 敲缸Paragraph 17resistance to flow 流动的阻力cSt(centistokes) 厘池Paragraph 18split up 分裂atomizer 雾化器Paragraph 19penetration 穿透力mix with 混合velocity 速度Paragraph 20turbulence 紊流compressed air 压缩空气Lesson 6 Cooling Water System 冷却水系统Terms in the textParagraph 1heat engine 热机heat energy 热能damage 损害respectively 分别地term 术语上称为fresh water cooling system 淡水冷却系统sea water cooling system 海水冷却系统Paragraph 2cylinder jacket 气缸冷却水套water cooled turbocharger 水冷的涡轮增压器Paragraph 3in duplicate 一式两份stand by 备用pressure relief valve 压力释放阀warning of pressure loss 失压警报warning of High or low tank level 高或低液位警报Paragraph 4fresh water cooler 淡水冷却器bypass valve 旁通阀possibility of sea water leakage into the system 海水泄露入系统的可能性Paragraph 5deposit of scale 水垢的沉积distilled water 蒸馏水pitting 起麻点，凹陷erosion 侵蚀acidic 酸性的corrosion 腐蚀inhibitor 抑制剂alkaline agent 碱性剂Paragraph 6chemical additive 化学添加剂nitrite-borate 亚硝酸盐a thin passive oxide surface layer 一层薄薄的氧化层treatment 处理zinc anode 锌阳极galvanized piping 镀锌管solder joint 焊接点Paragraph 7line diagram 管路图jacket water cooling 缸套冷却oil-cooled piston 油冷活塞Paragraph 8jacket cooling water system 缸套冷却水系统 a closed circuit 闭式水路reverse 相反provision 装置expansion of the water 水的膨胀entrain 夹带water make-up 水补给leakage 泄露a head tank 高置水柜an expansion tank 膨胀水柜atmosphere 大气small changes in volume 水量少量的变化accommodate 容纳，适应Paragraph 9closed system 闭式系统vent 放气steam pocket 气穴air lock 气塞vent pipes of small-bore tube 小口径的放气管release of air 放气facilitate 使…便利warming of the engine 暖机，暖缸prior to 在…之前auxiliary engine 副机couple 连接standby period 备车期间fresh water generator 造水机waste heat 废热Paragraph 10regulate 调节 a bypass (valve) 旁通阀jacket water cooler 缸套水冷却器proportion 比例bypass 旁通 a three-way valve 三通阀maintain a constant outlet water temperature 保持稳定的出口水温regardless of 不管，不顾Paragraph 11piston cooling water system 活塞冷却水系统be independent of 独立于contamination 污染in the event of 万一发生piston gland 活塞密封压盖Paragraph 12fuel valve cooling system 喷油阀冷却系统incorporate 包括Paragraph 13cooling liquid 冷却液individual cooler 单个的冷却器a central cooling system 中央冷却系统sea water circulated cooler 海水循环冷却器in contact with 与…接触Paragraph 14sea water circulating pump 海水循环泵lubricating oil cooler 滑油冷却器discharge overboard 排到舷外cool charge air 冷却增压空气Paragraph 15fresh water cooler 淡水冷却器fresh water generator 造水机merely 仅仅blind-flange 盲板法兰Lesson 7 Starting Air System 启动空气系统Terms in the textParagraph 1starting system 起动系统compressed air 压缩空气in the appropriate sequence 以适当的顺序a supply of compressed air 一定量的压缩空气air reservoir/bottle/receiver 空气瓶12 starts 十二次起动interlock 联锁装置not in order 处于异常状态Paragraph 2air compressor 空压机 a large bore pipe 大口径管道remote operating non-return valve 遥控操作的止回阀cylinder air start valve 气缸起动阀pilot air system 控制空气系统Paragraph 3pilot air 控制空气pilot air control valve起动控制阀air start lever 起动操纵杆，起动手柄air distributor 空气分配器camshaft 凸轮轴control cylinders of the cylinder air start valves 气缸起动阀的控制缸spring 弹簧Paragraph 4remote operating valve line 遥控阀管路turning gear 盘车机engage the turning gear 合上盘车机disengage the turning gear 脱开盘车机Paragraph 5be capable of 能够Multi-cylinder Vee type engine 多缸V型机one bank of cylinder 一组气缸Paragraph 6air start explosions 起动空气爆炸start air line 起动空气管路air start manifold 起动空气总管regular maintenance work 定期的维护保养工作take safety precautions 采取安全的预防措施occurrence 事故Paragraph 7deposit 沉积in the event of 万一adjacent to 相邻feed the fire 加剧火焰的燃烧lead to 导致an explosion in the pipeline 起动空气管路的爆炸maintain 维护保养drain 放残oil discharged from compressors 空压机排出的滑油Paragraph 8in an attempt to 试图flame trap 阻燃器relief valve 安全阀bursting cap 防爆帽disc 防爆片in addition 另外，此外an isolating non-return valve 独立的止回阀overheated air discharge 过热的压缩空气的排出pipeline 管线，管路，管系high temperature alarm 高温警报器fusible plug 易熔塞guard against 预防Lesson 8 Operation and maintenance of main engine主机的操作和维护保养Terms in the text.1.operating procedures 操作程序2.manoeuvring 操纵3.reversing gearbox 换向减速齿轮箱4.controllable pitch propeller 变距桨5.engine reversing 发动机的倒转制造商的使用说明书6. a manufacturer’s instruction book7.consult 查阅8.preparation for standby 备车的准备9.warm through (up) the engine 暖缸10.circulate hot water through the jackets 循环热水通过缸套11.in relation to 与…有关12.supply tank 补给柜13.filter 过滤器14.drains 放残装置15.lubricating oil pump 滑油泵16.circulating water pump 循环水泵17.visible return可视的回流18.indicator cock示功考克19.turning gear 盘车机20.engage/put in 合上21.disengage/take out/remove脱开22.auxiliary scavenge blower 辅助扫气泵23.manually operated 手动地24.turn over the engine on (compressed)air依靠压缩空气转动发动机25.Engine starting26.direction handle 方向手柄27.ahead 正车28.astern 倒车29.telegraph reply lever 车钟应答手柄30.manoeuvring handle 操纵手柄，操车手柄31.separate air start button 独立的起动按钮32.firing speed 发火速度33.accelerate 加速34.air admission 空气的进入35.cease 停止36.Engine reversing 发动机换向37.manoeuvring speed 机动速度38. auxiliary blower 辅助鼓风机38.Maintenance39.routine maintenance 日常的维护保养40.nozzle 喷嘴41.free from coke 积碳42.heavy oil containing asphalt 含有沥青的重油43.deposit 沉积44.nozzle hole 喷嘴小孔45.impair 受损害46.smoky exhaust 冒黑烟的废气47.When necessary48.insert/element 滤芯49.defect 缺陷，不足50.nipple 喷嘴51.scavenging pump 扫气泵52.catch device 接合处53.manoeuvring segment 操纵部件54.grease 油脂55.lubricant 润滑剂56.turbocharged engine 增压式的发动机57.protecting cap 保护罩58.After about 300 hours’ running59.air intake strainer 进气空气的过滤器60.tightening 上紧，预紧力61.stay-bolt nut撑杆螺栓的螺母62.After about 2000 hours running63.scraper ring 刮油环64.under unfavorable working condition 在不利的工作情况下65.poor quality 质量差的66.ring piston blower 环形活塞式扫气泵67.dismount 拆下68.charge valve 排气阀69.slackness 松紧度70.partition （cylinder）wall 部分缸壁71.outer radial clearance 外向径向间隙72.housing 外壳73.elastic coupling rubber bushes 弹性连接器橡皮垫子74.After about 4000 hours running75.plant having lubricating oil tank 带有滑油柜的装置76.wet sump 湿的油底壳77.replacement 更换78.gear wheel 齿轮79.tightness of water and oil system 油水密封系统80.alignment 对中81.misalignment 失中80 After about 8000 hours running81.. dismantle 拆卸82.working piston 工作活塞83.oil chamber 油腔84.deposit 沉积物85.bottom and top end bearings 上下端轴承86.silencer 消音器87.soot 灰88.coke deposit 积碳89.After about 16000 hours running90.brass 铜套91.measure the wear 测量磨损量92.crack 裂纹Unit 2 Auxiliary Machinery辅助机械Lesson 9 Marine Boiler 船用锅炉Terms in the text.Paragraph 1steam turbine 蒸汽涡轮机auxiliary machine 辅机windlass 起锚机fire-tube boiler 火管锅炉smoke tube boiler 烟管锅炉donkey boiler 辅助锅炉water-tube boiler 水管锅炉Paragraph 2diagram 图 a cylindrical steel shell 圆柱形钢外壳furnace 炉膛 a smoke box 烟箱horizontal tube 水平管uptakes 上升烟道waste gases 废气Paragraph 3riveted and welded construction 铆接和焊接结构poor quality feed water 质量差的给水generate more power 产生更多的动力low pressure steam production 低压蒸汽的产生auxiliary purpose 辅助目的Paragraph 4replace 更换generate high-pressure ,high-temperature, high capacity steam 产生高压高温大产气量的蒸汽cargo pump turbine 货油泵涡轮机steam drum 汽筒water drum 水筒banks of tubes 管束a fireproof casing 耐热的外壳downcomer 下降管feeder 给水器paragraph 5transfer to 传递到a reservoir of relatively cool water 相当冷的水柜convection current 对流generating tubes 产汽管radiant heat 辐射热furnace gases 炉膛烟气superheater 过热器rows of tubes 排管paragraph 6gauge 仪表attach to 连接boiler mountings 锅炉附件safety valve 安全阀to protect the boiler against overpressure 保护锅炉以免超压a main (steam) stop valve 主蒸汽截止阀to control the passage of steam to the engine 控制蒸汽进入发动机feed check valve 给水止回阀to control the final entry of water into the boiler 控制给水最后进入锅炉water lever indicators 水位显示器to show the level in the boiler 显示锅炉的水位a blow-down valve 下排污阀to enable water to be blown down or emptied from the boiler 使水能够从锅炉里排放及放空a scum valve 上排污阀removal of scum and impurities 去除浮渣和杂质thermometer 温度计to blow away soot 吹灰productions of combustion 燃烧产物soot blower 吹灰器salinometer valve 盐度计阀sample of water 给水水样chemical dosing valve 化学品投放阀Lesson 10 Boiler Management 锅炉管理Terms in the text.Paragraph 1general management principles 一般的管理原则operating procedures 操作程序mishap 故障Paragraph 2small package boiler 小型组装锅炉automatic control sequence 自动控制顺序a diesel oil supply 柴油供油facilitate 便利starting from cold 冷炉启动flush through with diesel oil 用柴油彻底冲洗on light duty 低负荷secure the boiler 停炉diesel fuel 柴油burner tip 燃烧器的前端light 点火shut off fuel 切断燃油vent furnace 炉膛通风Paragraph 3complete ignition of fuel 燃油的完全燃烧smoke indicator 排烟指示器funnel 烟囱incandescent 发白热光的an orange shade 橘色色调flame tip 火焰前端a faint brownish haze 淡灰色的轻烟primary swirler 主配风器air register 调风器Paragraph 4PH value PH值density 浓度PPM 百万分之concentration 浓度suspended matter 悬浮物blowdown 下排污sludge content 渣含量low water cut-out 低水位切断floating scum 浮渣Paragraph 5igniter electrodes 点火器电极carbon deposit 积碳Paragraph 6brush 冲刷at six-month intervals 每六个月的间隔oil-burning section 燃油部件 a wire bristle brush 短毛钢丝刷feed water treatment 给水处理Paragraph 7steaming 产汽input 输入waste heat recovery plant 废气回收装置free from hazard 无危险deterioration 恶化scale 水垢water level controller 水位控制器operable 可操作的external steam-using plant 外部使用蒸汽装置water carry-out danger 汽水共腾Paragraph 8closed dry storage 干燥密封储存desiccant 干燥剂steam-heated coil 蒸汽加热盘管Paragraph 9boiler protecting device 锅炉保护装置Paragraph 10drum-mounted water level indicator 安装在锅筒上的水位显示器remote water level indicator 远距离水位器discrepancy 差距contribute to 归于failure 故障shortage of water 缺少oil-fired 燃油的sigh glass 观察镜resolve 恢复Paragraph 11bulge 飘曲变形fracture 破裂Burst 爆裂remote tripping of fuel supply valve 燃油阀的速闭阀forced draught air pressure 强制通风压力relieve 释放metallic fracture 金属破裂practicable 实践可行的Paragraph 12air/fuel ratio 燃油空气比grease 加油脂润滑Paragraph 13high salinity alarm 高盐度报警condensate system 冷凝系统elimination 去除contamination 污染Paragraph 14take safety precautions 采取安全的预防措施boiler under steam 产汽锅炉Lesson 11 Type and Construction of Marine Pump船用泵的类型和结构Terms in the Text.Paragraph 1build up a pressure 建立压力pumping action 泵作用pipe work 管路characteristics 特点Paragraph 2(positive) displacement pump 容积式泵centrifugal pump 离心泵reciprocating pump 往复泵rotary pump 回转泵direct acting reciprocating pump 直接作用式往复泵power type reciprocating pump 动力驱动式往复泵crank-fly wheel type reciprocating pump 曲轴飞轮驱动式往复泵gear pump 齿轮泵vane pump 叶片泵screw pump 螺杆泵piston type rotary pump 柱塞式叶片泵volute type w蜗壳式diffuser type 导轮式mixed-flow type 混流式axial-flow 轴流式turbine type 涡轮式regenerative type 再生式Paragraph 3volume 容积 a reciprocating action 往复作用a rotating unit 回转装置Paragraph 4double-acting 双作用的discharge valve 排出阀suction stroke 吸入冲程Paragraph 5a relief valve 释放阀suction and discharge chamber 吸排室discharge line 排出管Paragraph 6self-priming 自吸式的suction lift 吸入高度discharge pressure 排出压力vapor 气体entrained gases 携带的气体complicated in construction 结构复杂Paragraph 7lift 抬起damage 损害Paragraph 8regardless of 不管rupture 破裂throughput 流通量abrasive 磨蚀的helices(helix的复数) 螺旋管clearance 间隙Paragraph 9impeller rotating at high speed 高速旋转的叶轮centrifugal force 离心力periphery 外围delivery outlet 排出口Paragraph 10a vertical, single stage ,single entry ,centrifugal pump 直立，单极，单侧吸入离心泵general marine duties 通用船用pumping element(assembly) 泵转子组件top cover 顶盖pump shaft 泵轴bearing bush 轴承套sealing arrangement 密封装置a packed gland 填料箱式密封压盖 a mechanical seal 机械密封replaceable wear ring 可更换耐磨环Paragraph 11priming unit 自吸装置prime 引水灌注delivery valve 输出阀Paragraph 12shaft seal 轴封gland 密封压盖loss of performance 失去性能minor or major overhaul 小修或大修suction strainer 吸口过滤器priming system 自吸系统choke 堵塞Paragraph 13discharge a near constant amount of liquid 排出几乎等量的液体a bursting pressure 破坏性的压力stall 堵转nonpositive 非容积式的Paragraph 14moderate 中等的 a number of impellers in series 叶轮串联to attain a high final delivery pressure 获得很高的最终输出压力nonpulsating 无脉动的Lesson 12 Centrifugal Pump-Maintenance, OperationProblems and Remedies离心泵- 维护保养，操作问题和解决办法Terms in the Text.trouble-free service 无故障使用typical 典型的cavitation 气蚀atmospheric pressure 大气压wear and tear 磨损Operational problems 操作中的问题water mass 水团eye of impeller 叶轮中心的小眼vacuum 真空saturation temperature 饱和温度prevailing vacuum 当时的真空evaporate 蒸发vapor bubble 气泡unstable 不稳定的implosion 内向爆炸pitting 麻点状腐蚀adjoining material 临近的材料wastage 损耗net positive suction head 负吸力压头replacement 更换remedy 修复apart from 除外…还有be coated with 涂…hard epoxy layer 坚硬的环氧层friction 摩擦wear rings 耐磨环reduction in volumetric efficiency 容积效率的降低gland packing 密封压盖sleeve 轴套wearing off 磨损consume 消耗Removal of Pump for Inspection and Maintenance 拆下泵检查和维护保养1 isolate 独立的electrical circuit breaker 电路断路器main switchboard主配电盘 a warning notice 警告2 switch off 关local supply panel 机旁供电板3 hand wheel 手轮4 drain valve 放残阀cease 停止crack open 稍稍打开5 shackle 卸扣lifting pad eye 吊眼chain block 差动滑车SWL 安全工作负荷sling 吊货索6 center-punch 冲子match 匹配7 motor supply cable 马达供电线tap 轻敲bare ends 裸露insulating tape 绝缘带8 eyebolt 吊环螺栓clear of 远离overhead 高处的out of harm’s way 安全地带cardboard 纸板masking tape 遮蔽胶带9 disconnect 脱开10 scrape off 刮去mating surface 啮合面gasket 密封圈assembly 组件smear of 涂13 reassemble 重新组装stagger 错开Inspection Procedure for Pump and Motor泵及驱动马达的检查程序Pump1 volute 蜗壳2 two-part alloy epoxy putty3 main drive shaft bearing 主驱动轴的轴承thrust bearing 推力轴承4 feeler gauge 塞尺5 keyway 键槽unscrew 拧出thread 螺纹retighten 重新上紧manufacturers torque settings 制造商的转矩设定值6 residue 残留物7 enter 记录maintenance record card 维护保养记录卡Drive motor1 grip 夹住axial and longitudinal movement 轴向和纵向运动2 Megger 兆欧表motor windings 马达线圈dampness 潮湿rotor and stator 转子和定子3 grease bearing 用油脂润滑轴承Procedure to start the pumpexpel air 驱气reinstate breaker 重新恢复断路器current 电流Lesson 13 Marine Refrigeration 船舶制冷Terms in the Text.Paragraph 1refrigeration 制冷surroundings 环境space being cooled 被冷却的空间air conditioning 空调entail 需要marine refrigeration plant 船用制冷装置vapor refrigeration cycle 蒸汽制冷循环Paragraph 2compressor 压缩机condenser 冷凝器expansion valve 膨胀阀evaporator 蒸发器cooling coil 冷却盘管refrigeration fluid 制冷液refrigerant 制冷剂vaporize 蒸发liquefy 液化refrigeration cycle 制冷循环boil 沸腾condense 冷凝saturation temperature 饱和温度vaporized refrigerant 已蒸发的制冷剂promote 促进Paragraph 3domestic refrigerator 船内的冰机latent heat 潜热cooling medium 冷却媒介物(liquid) receiver 储液器Paragraph 4regulator调节器throttling effect 节流作用delivery pressure 排出压力Paragraph 5pressure drop 压降boil off 蒸发remainder 剩余物Paragraph 6throttle 节流maintain the pressure difference 保持压差thermostatically 热力地Paragraph 7evaporator coil 蒸发器盘管give up 释放Paragraph 9overcharge 充剂过多Paragraph 10refrigerant charge 制冷剂的充注purge valve 驱气阀vent off air 放气Paragraph 11under-charge 充剂不足sight glass 观察玻璃镜rectification 修复Freon plant 氟利昂装置a leak detector lamp 检漏灯concentration 溶度Paragraph 12drier 干燥器drying chemicals 干燥剂Paragraph 13high pressure cut-outs 高压继电器low pressure cut-outs 低压继电器(lubricating) oil failure cut-outs 滑油失压继电器bursting discs 防爆片Lesson 14 Air Conditioning System 空调系统Terms in the Text.Paragraph 1climate condition 气候条件acceptable 可接受的relative humidity 相对湿度in conjunction with 连同human comfort 人体的舒适water vapor pressure 水蒸汽的压力saturated vapor pressure 饱和蒸汽的压力Paragraph 2individual unit system 独立空调系统fan 风机air cooler 空气冷却器central system 中央空调系统output 输出 a variety of means 各种方法a simple direct expansion ducted system 简单的直接膨胀式风管系统the single duct 单风管the twin duct 双风管single duct with reheat 带有再加热的单风管Paragraph 3conditioned air 已被调节的空气cabin 舱室via 通过re-circulated air 再循环的空气dehumidify 除湿humidify 加湿electric heating element 电加热部件conditioned space 空调间variation of the volume flow of air 空气流动量的变化Paragraph 4flexibility 灵活性Paragraph 5treated space 被处理空间thermostat setting 温控器的设定Paragraph 6a direct-expansion system 直接膨胀系统a reciprocating compressor 往复式压缩机sea water cooled condenser 海水冷却的冷凝器a thermostatically controlled regulating valve 温控调节阀air to be cooled 将被冷却的空气cooling effect 冷却效果facility 便利Paragraph 7air conditioning appliance 空调设施thermostat 温控器in extreme weather conditions 在极端天气下capacity 调节量under tropical condition 在热带天气下arise 出现in intermediate weather condition 在中等天气下by trial and error 反复试验ease 缓和chilled brine 冷盐水lower 降低progressively 逐渐地Paragraph 8porthole 舷窗go through accommodation 巡视生活去wet and dry bulb temperature 干湿球温度keep a log of 保留记录malfunction 故障Paragraph 9quantity of cooled air delivered by an conditioning unit空调输出冷风量quantity of air recirculated to the unit 再循环回空调的风量quantity (of air) mechanically exhausted 机械排风量supply fan 供风机exhaust fan 排风机upset the balance 破坏平衡Paragraph 10air filter 空气过滤器washable 可洗的disposable 一次性的Paragraph 11fan belt 风机皮带greasing of linkage 连接器的油脂润滑cooled air duct 冷风管insulation vapor seal 隔热气密a plastic film vapor seal 塑料膜气密drip patch 水滴块damp patch 潮湿块ceiling 天花板Lesson 15 Oily Water Separator油水分离器Terms in the textParagraph 1oily water separator 油水分离器aboard 在船上discharge of oil overboard 排油到舷外bilges 舱底水deballast 排压载水international legislation 国际立法oily emulsion 油类乳化物photosynthesis 光合作用re-aeration 再充气algae 藻类plankton 浮游生物inshore 近岸的compulsory 强制的ocean going ship 远洋船annexure 附录Paragraph 3criteria 标准type-approval certificate 型号认可的证书inter-connected 互相连接的common bed 共同的底座water passage pipe 出水管oil discharge pipe 排油管1st chamber 第一腔室rough separation 粗分离specific gravity 比重relative density 相对密度multiple parallel plate 多层平行的分离盘separating compartment 分离室layer 层micron 微米2nd chamber 第二腔室coalescer 凝聚过滤器coagulate 凝固stainless steel 不锈钢heat/corrosion resistant glass fibre 抗热和抗腐蚀玻璃纤维fine filter element 细过滤器的部件contaminate 污染Pipe between the 1st and 2nd chamber 第一腔室和第二腔室间的管子T-shaped strainer T型过滤器 a non-return valve 止回阀T-shape strainer T型过滤器self-cleaning type 自清型的arrest 捕集foreign matter 外来物质50 mesh/inch 50英寸的筛孔Oil discharge pipe 排油管solenoid valve 电磁阀globe valve 球阀Automatic oil discharge device 自动排油装置an oil level detecting probe 油位探针direct drive type 直接驱动式Y-type strainer Y型过滤器Oil level detector 油位探测器oil level detector 油位探测器activate alarm 启动报警oil/water interface 油水混合物的分界面Heating equipment 加热设备steam heater 蒸汽加热器separated oil 被分离出来的油Lesson 16 Sewage Treatment Device生活污水处理装置Terms in the text1 Summaryclean SBT Series 干净的专用压载舱系列compact sized sewage treatment system 紧凑型生活污水处理系统superior performance capabilities 高性能marine installation 船用装置submerged Bil-filter Treatment System 淹没式生物滤器处理系统transposition 调换sterilization compartment 灭菌室pitch and roll 纵摇横摇accommodate 容纳effluent 污水Marine Sanitation Device 船用污水装置U.S. Coast Guard 美国海岸警卫队BOD 生物耗氧量SS 悬浮固体量Coliform bacteria 大肠型细菌2 Construction2.1 General of Bio-filter Methodbiological film 生物膜packing media 填料aeration 曝气organic matter 有机物质biochemical oxidation 生化氧化2.2 Constructiona. Bio-filter Tank 生物过滤柜foreign object 外来物质screen 网break up 分裂microorganism 微生物b. sterilization compartment 灭菌室disinfect 消毒chemical sterilizing tube 化学消毒管Lesson 17 Oil Separator 分油机Terms in the textparagraph 1suspended solids 悬浮固体物immiscible 不溶的。
轮机英语3精品PPT课件
❖ 3．In a two-stroke engine, there are always a series of openings known as ________, and in some circumstances, there are also openings known as ________, in the part of the cylinder liner inside the scavenging air box.
❖ A. open; short; after B. closed; short; after
❖ C. open; long; before D. closed; long; before ❖ 答案 A (p8, para 2)
❖ 如果柴油机是自然换气或带有径流增压器的小型高速机， 气阀重叠的时间，即两气阀同时开启的时间将很短。排 气阀将在上止点后10度左右关闭。
在汽缸套伸入扫气箱内的部位也有一列开口被称作排气口。
❖ scavenging air box 扫气箱
❖ 4．In some type of two-stroke engines, besides some small holes for ________, starting valve, safety valve, indicator cock, and so on, there is a large central opening in each cylinder cover for mounting the _________.
器，起动阀，安全阀，示功阀等，还有一个大型的中心孔用于安 装排气阀。
轮机英语教学课件(01) How Does A Marine Diesel
3. That is why a two-stroke diesel engine will theoretically develop twice the power of a four-stroke engine of the same size.
why 引导一个表语从句 E.g. That is why I was late for the meeting.
7. What’s the difference between a 4-stroke engine
and 2-stroke one?
8. What is the advantage of a 2-stroke engine?
9. What is the 2-stroke engine usually used for on
4-stroke diesel engine
Need reduction box between the engine and the propeller to provide a propeller speed of 90-120 rpm
250rpm-750rpm Two revolutions of the crankshaft to make
This term we are going to learn Engineering English. It’s very important for us students to learn it well, so that we are capable of working on oceangoing ships efficiently in the future.
But if we change them into passive voice they will be as follows:
Lesson 7 Diesel Engine Construction (2)
Lesson 7 Diesel Engine Construction (2)The CrankshaftThe crankshafts on the large modern 2 stroke crosshead engines can weigh over 300 tonnes. 大型现代二冲程十字头发动机的曲轴重量超过300吨。
They are too big to make as a single unit and so are constructed by joining together individual forgings. 它们太大了，不能作为一个整体来制造，所以是通过将单个锻件连接在一起来建造的。
On older engines the so called fully built method was used. 在老式发动机上，使用所谓的整体建造方法。
This consisted of forging separate webs, crankpins and main journals. 这些组成锻件分为:曲拐、曲柄销和主轴颈。
The crankpins and journals were machined and matching holes bored in the webs, which were slightly smaller in diameter. 曲柄销和轴颈经过加工，并与曲拐上的钻孔相匹配，这些孔的直径稍小。
The webs were heated up and the crankpins and journals fitted into the holes (which due to the heat had expanded in size). 曲拐被加热后，曲柄销和轴颈安装到孔中（由于受热，孔的尺寸扩大了）。
As the webs cooled down, so the diameter of the bored holes would try and shrink back to their original size. 随着曲拐被冷却下来，钻孔的直径会尽量缩小到原来的尺寸。
轮机英语lesson-3
个环形空间 22. assembly n. 组件 assemble v. 组装
reassemble v. 重新组装 disassemble v. 拆开，分 解
China Maritime Police Academy
ship. 底座形成船舶双层底的一部分。
5． liner n. 内衬，衬套 cylinder liner 缸套，缸衬
China Maritime Police Academy
6． side-chock bolt n. 侧楔垫螺栓 end-chock bolt 端楔垫螺栓
7． bearing n. 轴承 bearing cap 轴承帽，轴承盖 main bearing 主
23. component n. 成分，组成，部件 = part 24. horizontally adv. 水平地 vertically adv.
垂直地 25. duct n. 粗而短的管子， 比较pipe 管道,
tube 试管 and hose 软管 26. shim n. 垫片 shims of different thicknesses
这些轴承称作主轴承。每个轴承由两块 轴瓦组成，两块轴瓦由在机座上加工出的瓦 座支撑，用双头螺栓和轴承盖固定，
China Maritime Police Academy
The thrust block or thrust bearing(推力轴承), located at the aft end of the engine, may be integral with, or separate from, the bedplate.
轮机英语教学课件(02) Diesel Engine Construction (I)
大型低速二冲程柴油机
Generator 发电机
What are the main parts of a diesel engine?
A diesel engine mainly consists of two parts: the moving parts and the fixed parts.
liners bolted together? 22. Why are there some holes on each
cylinder cover?
8. What is A-shaped frame also called? 9. What is there at the top of the A-frames? 10. How is the scavenging air box built? 11. What’s the function of the chain
PC cylinder liner
新型DS机气缸套
5. In the part of the cylinders inside the scavenging air box, there is a series of openings (known as scavenging air ports). Theses ports are located at such a height that they are just exposed by the upper edge of the piston when the piston is in the bottom dead center position.
Vocabulary
1. bedplate n. 机座
The main engine is fixed on the bedplate.
轮机英语lesson 3
China Maritime Police Academy
The crankshaft rests(放置、坐 落) in bearing built into cross girders(横梁) of the bedplate.
曲轴安放在机座横梁的轴承上。
China Maritime Police Academy
17. dowel pin n. 定位销
18. narrow a. 窄的 broad a. 宽的 wide a. 宽广的 19. distributor n. 分配器 an oil distributor ring 布油环 20. round a. 圆的 v. 弄圆 be rounded on the external top 外部顶端成圆角
China Maritime Police Academy
56. crosshead shoes 十字头滑块 crosshead guides 十字头导板 guide shoes 导板滑块 57. be white metal lined 表面浇有白合金 58. be distributed evenly 均匀分布 59. the forced lubricating system 强力润滑系 统 60. articulated pipes 伸缩管 telescopic pipes伸 缩管
在大多数情况下机座是焊接结构，用螺栓 固定在构成船舶双层底的底座上。
China Maritime Police Academy
Cylinder cover
Tie rod
Cylinder block
A-Frame
(Entablature)
轮机英语课件lesson
Emergency procedures
Familiarity with emergency procedures such as firefighting, conflict avoidance, and man overboard recovery
Ship emergency response
Safe operation
Explain the working principle of ship pipeline systems, including fluid flow, pressure transfer, etc.
Working principle
Introduce the daily maintenance and upkeep methods of ship pipeline systems, as well as the diagnosis and troubleshooting of common faults.
Working principle: Explain the working principle of ship electrical equipment, including electromagnetic induction, circuit analysis, etc.
Ship electrical equipment
Category Introduction: Introduce the types of ship pipeline systems, such as fuel pipelines, lubricating oil pipelines, cooling water pipelines, etc., as well as their characteristics and usage scenarios.
轮机英语 lesson .ppt
3. Start up jacket water pumps and check pressures. Bring into operation the heating system of the cooling water.
The temperature of the cooling water returns from the jackets, liners and pistons should be raised gradually to 60℃(140℉).
An additional generator engine should be started to provide a spinning( 自 转 , 绕 转 , 空 转 ) power reserve during the arrival period, and the starting air system should be drained.
21. Inform bridge that engine room would like to turn engine over slowly on air. On engine with bridge control the control selector must be turned to the desired position.
1. Check that the fuel, lubricating oil and cooling water are at working level and drain any water or sludge from all lubricating oil and fuel tanks.
13. Pump up the starting air reservoirs to their maximum pressure and drain the air reservoirs and air system.
轮机英语说课稿
《轮机英语》课程说课（Marine Engineering English)轮机系轮机英语教研组说课内容课程设置设计课程整体设计课程教学组织设计课程资源开发与利用设计课程教学成果课程特色一、课程设置设计1.课程性质1) 主干专业课2) 轮机英语3) 船员适任证书考试2.设置依据1) 国际海事组织（IMO）制定的国际海员培训发证值班标准《STCW 78/10修正案》、2) 《中华人民共和国海船船员适任考试和发证规则》、3) 《中华人民共和国船员教育和培训质量管理规则》3.课程教学目标1. 能力培养目标1). 熟练掌握主辅机及电气设备主要部件、仪器仪表及修理工具的英文名称；2). 掌握主辅机及电气设备的结构、工作原理及安全管理英语资料和阅读方法；3). 掌握值班职责、船舶结构及各类法规公约英语表达法；4). 掌握专业阅读和翻译技巧，能看懂专业英语资料;5) 较熟练地用英语规范的书写各种专业文书。
2. 社会能力目标1）增强爱国主义意识2）敬业爱岗，具有良好的职业道德。
二、本课程的整体设计1. 船用柴油机1）. 柴油机工作原理、结构及主要部件2）. 柴油机的工作系统3）. 柴油机的备车过程4）. 柴油机的故障分析与排除2. 船舶辅助机械1).船用辅锅炉2). 船用泵3). 船舶制冷装置4). 船舶空调装置5). 分油机6). 防污染设备7). 海水淡化装置8). 船舶甲板机械9). 液压系统3. 船舶电气1). 船用发电机2). 船用配电板3). 船舶电气设备4. 船舶轮机管理1). 安全管理知识2). 船舶检验3). 港口国监督检查5. 国际公约、规则的阅读与理解1). 《海员培训、发证和值班标准国际公约》(STCW公约）2)．《国际防止船舶造成污染公约》（MARPOL 73/78）3). 《国际海上人命安全公约》（SOLAS 74)4). 《国际安全管理规则》和《国际船舶和港口设施保安规则》等(ISM) 和（ISPS 2002）6.专业书写部分1）轮机日志2）修理单3) 信函4) 传真及电子邮件1.课程适用范围：轮机工程专业2.学分：10学分3.学时分配见下表：三、课程教学组织设计2.教学环节设计引入课题词汇及短语 课程结构 课文阅读材料布置作业及题库习题 归纳总结 1. 小结知识点，巩固所学的内容。
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18. piston rod stuffing box 活塞杆填料箱
19. sealing rings and scraper rings 密封环和刮油环
oil springs 弹簧圈， 卡簧
21. crankpin bearings 曲柄销轴承
22. compression shims 压缩片， 调整片
9. the outside diameter of the pipe 管子的外径
10. to ensure the correct assembly of the components 确保各部件的正确组装
Useful Expressions
11. crosshead shoes 十字头滑块
crosshead guides 十字头导板
7. component n. 组成部分, 部件 =part
8. horizontally adv. 水平地
vertically adv. 垂直地
9. duct n. 比较 pipe, tube and hose 10. shim n. 垫片
shims of different thicknesses
16. What are the crossheads and crankpin bearings made of?
17. What does each of them consist of?
18. What are inserted between the shells to adjust the bearing clearance?
Useful Expressions
1. piston skirt 活塞裙 piston crown 活塞头 piston head 活塞头 piston rod 活塞杆
2. machine-turned recesses 机加工的凹槽
3. narrow rings having diagonal cuts 带有斜切口的窄环 4. broad rings with overlapping end joints 带有重叠搭口的宽环
23. lubrication grooves 滑油槽
24. the bearing clearances 轴承间隙
25. the force-feed lubrication system 强力润滑系统
Cylinder head 气缸头
Inlet valve 进气阀
Exhaust valve 排气阀
Step Four Try to answer the following questions?
2. What is the piston skirt made of and what is the piston crown made of?
5. during the running-in period 在磨合期间
6. thermal stress 热应力
活塞
A trunk piston 筒形活塞
Useful Expressions
7. to direct the cooling liquid flow 引导冷却液流
8. to intensify the conventional ‘cocktail shaker’ effect 加强，加剧常规的“鸡尾振荡”效应
pipes. The oil is led to the cooling spaces of the piston through the telescopic pipes. The oil is conducted from the pistons through the internal pipes of the piston rods.
Step Three: Grammatical points
1. in relation to… 相关的，有关的 related to relating to 2. be admitted to (through), be led to, be conducted to e.g. The cooling oil is admitted through the
6. What are the next two piston rings?
7. What is the lowest ring used for?
8. Why are all rings slightly rounded on the external top and bottom edges?
9. What is the internal structure of a piton rod?
3. What are the functions of the dowel pin and machine-turned recesses?
4. How many rings does a piston usually have?
5. What are the two or three topmost rings?
11. clearance n. to adjust the clearance 12. channel n. 频道, 通道, =passage
the English Channel 英吉利海峡 13. carrier ring n. 承磨环 14. built-in a. 内装的，机内的， 固定的 15. tap-bolt n. 锥体螺栓 16. white metal 白合金 17. telescopic pipe 伸缩管，拉管 18. fitted bolt n. 紧配螺栓
19. What are used to support the crankshaft?
20. What type is the crankshaft usually adopted?
Lesson Three
Diesel Engine Construction (II)
Teaching Procedures:
Step One: Lead-in Question
Step Two: Vocabulary
Step Three: Grammatical Points
Step Four: Questions
13. Why is the crosshead short and rigid?
14. What are the pistons usually cooled by? And how are they cooled?
15. What’s the function of the piston rod stuffing box?
guide shoes
导向滑块
12. be white metal lined 表面浇有白合金
13. be distributed evenly 均匀分布
14. the forced lubricating system 强力润滑系统
15. articulated pipes telescopic pipes 伸缩管
10. What are the crosshead shoes mounted?
11. By what are the guide shoes secured to the crosshead?
12. Why do the white-metal-lined crosshead shoes have horizontal grooves?
16. the slotted pipes 开槽的管子
Crankshaft 曲轴
Crank throw 曲拐 Crankpin journal 曲柄销
Crank throw web (arm) 曲柄臂 Main bearing journal 主轴颈
Useful Expressions
17. sight glass 观察镜
Step Five: Related Multiple Choices to the
Competency Test
Vocabulary
1. dowel pin n. 定位销
2. narrow a. 窄的 broad
a. 宽的 wide a. 广泛的
3. distributor n. an oil distributor ring 布油环
4. round a. v. be rounded on the external top
5. annular a. to form an annular space
形成环形空间
6. assembly n. 组装, 组件
assemble v. 组装, reassemble v. 重新组装
disassemble v. 拆卸, 分解