2019年中考英语语法考点知识复习1
2019年中考英语语法知识
动词时态、语态i. 要点1、一般现在时(1) 表示经常发生的动作或现在存在的状态，常与sometimes, always, often, every day等时间状语连用。
如：sometimes, we go swimming after school.(2) 表示客观真理、科学事实等。
如：the earth goes round the sun.2、现在进行时(1) 表示说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作，常与now, at present等时间状语连用。
如：what are you doing now?(2) 和always, continually等连用，表一种经常反复的动作，常含有某种情感。
如：he is always doing good deeds.3、现在完成时主要表示动作发生在过去，对现在仍有影响，或动作一直延续到现在，或可能还要继续下去，常与just, already, so far, once, never 等词连用。
如:have you ever been to beijing?4、一般将来时表示将来某一时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与tomorrow, next year等连用。
如：i'll meet you at the school gate tomorrow morning.we're going to see a film next monday.5、一般过去时表示在过去某一时间或某一阶段内发生的动作或存在的状态，常与yesterday, last year, in 1998, a moment ago等词连用。
如：it happened many years ago.6、过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某一时期正在发生的动作。
如：what were you doing this time yesterday?7、过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。
2019年中考英语知识点梳理
2019年中考英语知识点梳理2019年中考英语知识点梳理一、复合不定代词复合不定代词是由some、every、no、any和one、thing、body组合而成的代词，包括someone、something、somebody、everyone、everything、everybody、no one、nothing、nobody、anyone、anything和anybody。
1.由every构成的不定代词大多具有复数的含义，但这并不意味着可以将其用作复数形式，因为它们更强调个体，使用时应以单数对待。
例如：Every student is trying his or her best to achieve high XXX.2.由no构成的不定代词表示否定意义，作主语时，谓语动词多用单数形式。
例如：Nothing is impossible if you put your heart into it。
二、不定代词之普通不定代词初中阶段常用的普通不定代词包括some、any、few、little、many、much、either、neither、each、every、both、all、none、one和other。
1.some与anysome通常用于肯定句中，在疑问句中，当表示说话人希望得到的肯定回答或表达请求、建议时应用some。
例如：Would you like some coffee。
Yes。
please.any一般用来修饰或代替不可数名词及可数名词复数，多用于疑问句、否定句、条件状语从句中，用于肯定句表示任何一个或任何一些。
例如：Do you have any bread。
I am so hungry.2.many与muchmany修饰可数名词复数，还可以与表示程度的副词如so、too、as、how等连用。
much修饰不可数名词，也可以与表示程度的副词如so、too、as、how等连用。
例如：XXX.XXX.Few and a few are pronouns used to replace or modify countable nouns。
2019中考英语知识点大全(一)
2019中考英语知识点大全（一）英语的学习，日常积累很重要。
当积累到一定程度，必然能够量变引起质变，做题、写作时信手拈来。
以下是我为你整理的2019中考英语知识点，希望对你有所帮助！2019中考英语知识点1：并列人称代词的排列顺序1) 单数人称代词并列作主语时，其顺序为：第二人称 -> 第三人称 -> 第一人称you -> he/she; it -> IYou， he and I should return on time。
2) 复数人称代词作主语时，其顺序为：第一人称 -> 第二人称 -> 第三人称we -> you -> They注意：在下列情况中，第一人称放在前面。
a。
在承认错误，承担责任时，It was I and John that made her angry。
是我和约翰惹她生气了。
b。
在长辈对晚辈，长官对下属说话时，如长官为第一人称，如：I and you try to finish it。
c。
并列主语只有第一人称和第三人称时，d。
当其他人称代词或名词被定语从句修饰时。
2019中考英语知识点2：物主代词1)物主代词既有表示所属的作用又有指代作用例如：John had cut his finger; apparently there wasa broken glass on his desk。
约翰割破了手指，显而易见，他桌子上有个破玻璃杯。
物主代词有形容词性(my， your等)和名词性(mine，yours等)两种，形容词性的物主代词属于限定词。
名词性的物主代词在用法上相当于省略了中心名词的--‘s属格结构，例如：Jack‘s cap 意为The cap is Jack’s。
His cap 意为 The cap is his。
2) 名词性物主代词的句法功能a。
作主语，例如：May I use your pen? Yours works better。
2019最新中考英语语法必考知识点归纳
5、动词 ( v. ) ： 表示动作或状态。如： am, is,are,have,see .
6、 副词 ( adv. ) ： 修饰动词、形容词或其他副词 , 说明时间、地点、 程度等。如： now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly.
7、冠词 ( art. .) ：用在名词前 , 帮助说明名词。如： a, an, the.
2、普通名词 是许多人或事物的共有名称。如： pupil, family, man, foot.
普通名词又分为可数名词和不可数名词。
▲ 可数名词 是可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词 child, orange ；
, 如： box,
▲不可数名词 是不可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词。如： news, oil, population, information .
water,
2、英语可数名词的单复数： 英语可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。
1、名词由单数变复数的基本方法如下：
①在单数名词词尾加 s。如： map → maps,boy → boys,horse → horses, table → tables.
② s,o,x ,sh,ch 结尾的词加 es. 如： class → classes, box → boxes, hero → heroes, dish →dishes, bench →benches.
(2) 动词→名词 , 如： look, walk, rest, work, study, swim, go, talk 等等。
(3) 名词→动词 , 如： hand( 手) → ( 传递 ), face ( 脸) → ( 面对 ) 等 等。
(4) 形容词→副词 , 如： early → early, fast → fast 等等。
2019中考英语语法必考知识点归纳
2019中考英语语法必考知识点归纳一、词类、句子成分和构词法：1、词类：英语词类分十种：名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。
1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。
如：boy, morning, bag, ball,class, orange.2、代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。
如：who, she, you, it .3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。
如：good, right, white, orange .4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。
如：one, two, three, first, second,third, fourth.5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。
如：am, is,are,have,see .6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。
如：now,very, here, often, quietly, slowly.7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。
如：a, an, the.8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。
如in, on, from, above, behind.9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。
如and, but, before .10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。
如：oh, well, hi, hello.2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。
1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。
通常用名词或代词担任。
如：I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐)2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。
主要由动词担任。
如：Jackcleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间)3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。
2019届中考英语复习 第一篇 语言基础知识 第18课 九年级 Units 7-8基础知识
第18课九年级 Units 7—8课前预热中考词汇拓展中考词组短语中考句型回顾课堂突破中考重点单词与短语一、allow的用法【例句展示】1. My parents allow me to see films with my friends on weekends. 我的父母允许我周末与朋友去看电影。
2. In our school, boys are not allowed to have long hair.在我们学校，男生不允许留长发。
【精讲辨析】1. allow作动词，意为“允许”。
2. allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事。
3. be allowed to do sth.被允许做某事。
【活学活用】用allow的适当形式填空。
1. —My parents________ me to stay out before 10:00 p.m. at weekends.—You are lucky. I must be back home at 9:00 p.m.2. I think teenagers should________ choose their own clothes.二、pick up的用法【例句展示】1. Would you mind picking it up?你介意把它捡起来吗？2. Could you pick me up at the station?你能在车站捎上我吗？【精讲辨析】pick up为“动词+副词”型短语，代词作宾语时应放两词中间，意为“拾起；捡起；中途载客；收拾；整理”等。
【活学活用】用适当的词填空。
Karin saw some waste paper. She it and threw it into the dustbin.三、get sth. done的用法【例句展示】Anna wants to get her ears pierced.安娜想去打耳洞。
2019中考英语语法知识点归纳
中考英语语法其实，初中阶段的英语学习，主要就是学语法、记单词和研究并熟练题型。
其中，语法是大多数同学最头疼的问题，原因在于其内容之繁杂和零散，下面将初中英语、尤其是困扰着广大初三面临中考的同学的难点语法，整理出来供大家系统学习。
1 宾语从句1. 宾语从句的含义充当主句宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。
如：She knew that the teacher had seen the film.她知道这位老师看过这部电影。
“that the teacher had seen the film”做knew 的宾语，同时又是由连接词that 引导的从句，所以它叫做宾语从句。
2. 宾语从句的分类（1）动词宾语从句：顾名思义，它是位于动词后面的宾语从句。
如：He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class．他问我们班上谁的书法最好。
（2）介词宾语从句：顾名思义，它是位于介词后面的宾语从句。
如：I agree with what you said just now.我同意你刚才说的话。
（3）形容词宾语从句：顾名思义，它是位于形容词后面的宾语从句。
如：I am afraid that I will be late. 恐怕我要迟到了。
3. 引导宾语从句的连接词（1）that：没有含义，在宾语从句中不做成分（2）whether/if：表示是否，在宾语从句中不做成分。
I don't know if /whether he still lives here after so many years. 我不知道这么多年后，他是否还住在这里。
（3）连接代词：what, which, who, whom, whose（在宾语从句中做主、宾、表和定语）连接副词：where, when, how, why（在宾语从句中做状语）The small children don't know what is in their stockings．（what 在宾语从句中做主语）这些小孩子不知道什么在他们的长筒袜里。
2019年中考英语语法专题复习
2019年中考英语语法专题复习主谓一致主谓一致是英语语言中特有的语法现象，受汉语的影响，初中考生容易忽视而导致错误，这就要求考生掌握好这一知识点。
中考中主要是考查一般现在时和现在完成时中的主谓一致，分值为4~5分左右;而自主招生考试中将着重考查就近原则及意义一致，分值在5~8分。
现总结如下：一.语法一致的原则(1)当主语是单数形式时，谓语动词用单数形式。
(2)主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。
(3)“名词+but /except /besides /with /as well as+名词”作主语时，谓语动词在人称和数上与第一个名词保持一致。
—How many people are there in your group?—Four. Three boys B in our group this time.A. isB. areC. wereD. was此题主语three boys为复数，时间为现在，故be动词应为现在时的复数形式Everybody except Mike and Linda C there when the meeting began.A. isB. areC. wasD. were如果主语由“a number of+复数名词”构成，谓语动词要用复数形式，意思为“许多的……”;而“the number of斗复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式，意思为“……的数量”。
A number of our school students are going to visit the Great Wall.我们学校有许多学生要去游览长城。
The number of our school students is about 1,000.我们学校的学生人数大约为一千人。
二. 就近一致的原则就近一致的原则是指谓语动词用单数形式还是复数形式，取决于最靠近它的主语。
具体情况见下表:Neither the headmaster nor the teachers D take a vacation next week.A. were going toB. is going toC. was going toD. are going to由neither .., nor…连接并列主语时，谓语动词的数与nor后的主语的数保持一致，the teachers为复数，谓语动词应用相应形式，又时间为next week，故用一般将来时，可知答案。
人教版2019年中考英语语法知识点难点总结
人教版2019年中考英语语法知识难点大全英语语法知识难点（一）（一）形容词和副词I．要点A．形容词1、形容词的用法形容词是用来修饰、描绘名词的，通常在句中作定语、表语或宾补，有时还可作状语。
如：He is honest and hardworking.I found the book interesting.某些形容词与定冠词连用表示一类人作主语时，谓语通常用复数形式。
如：The rich and the poor live in different parts of the city.The English like to be with their families.多个形容词作定语修饰名词的顺序：冠词+序数词+基数词+性质状态（描述性）+形状大小+新旧老少+颜色+国籍+材料+名词。
如：the second five interesting big new red Chinese wall papers.2、形容词比较等级的形式（1）规则形式一般说来，单音节词及少数双音节词在后加-er; --est 来构成比较级和最高级；其他双音节词及多音节词在前加more, most.如：great-greater-greatestbusy-busier-busiestimportant-more important-(the)most important（2）不规则形式good (well)-better-bestbad (ill)-worse-worstmany (much)-more-mostlittle-less-least（3）形容词比较等级的用法①表示两者的比较，用形容词的比较级+than. 如：He is cleverer than the other boys.This one is more beautiful than that one.②表示两者以上的比较，用"the +形容词最高级（+名词）+of(in) …"如：He is the cleverest boy in his class.③表示两者是同等程度，用"as +形容词原级+as". 如：He is as tall as I.I have as many books as you.④越… 越…例如：The more I learn, the happier I am.⑤ You can never be too careful. 越小心越好又如：You can never praise the teacher too highly.你怎么赞扬这个老师也不过分。
2019年中考英语语法点讲解（推荐）
2019年中考英语语法点讲解（推荐）2019年中考英语语法点讲解(名师点拨中考必考语法知识点,建议背诵学习)(绝对精品文档，对2019年中考很有帮助,价值很高，值得下载背诵) 目录1.中考考点冠词的讲解2.形容词副词的等级变化3.英语中“最”的句型表达4.形容词与副词的区分5.句型not only.....but also 的专项讲解6.主谓一致的专项讲解7.动词的种类8.实义动词的专项讲解9.谓语动词的时态（1）-（6）10.短暂性动词与延续性动词11.时态的综合练习题12.状语从句的讲解（1）-（2）13.谓语动词的语态（1）-（2）14.谓语动词的情态（1）-（2）15.宾语从句（1）语序-（2）连接词-（3）时态1 冠词的专项讲解1.英语试卷的第21题，考查冠词，亘古不变的题型，你次次都做对了吗？简单的能做对，稍微带点坑的都做错。
2.你知道考查冠词的题，到底考查的是哪些知识点吗？考查a与an 的区分；考查a/an 与the 的区分；考查the 与/ 的区分。
情景一：不定冠词 a / an 的区分※泛指，表....中的一个。
用于单数的可数名词前；※a一般用于以辅音因素开始的词前；an 一般用于以元音音素开始的词前；1）26个字母前 a / an 的区分，I i /ai/ , L l /el/, an: A a /ei/, E e /i:/ , F f /ef/, H h /eit∫／/, S s /es/，X x /eks/M m /em/，N n /en/，O o /?u/, R r /ɑ：(标红的均为元音因素) 共12个a: B b /bi:/， C c /si:/, D d /di:/，G g /d3i:/, J j /d3ei/ K k /kei/，P p /pi:/，Q q /kju:/ T t /ti:/，U u /ju:/ V v /vi:/ ，W w /′d?blju:/，Y y /wai/，Z z /zi:/，2) 数字前的区分an eight-year-old boy an eighteenth-meter-long river an eighty-word article an eleven-day holiday.3) 形容词前的词区分an: an interesting film; an exciting news; an important meeting; an unlucky day;.........a: a useful book; a European country; (这里的u和字母u 发音一样，故用a)4) 名词前的区分an : an hour ; an umbrella; an orange.......a : a university (这里的u和字母u 发音一样，故用a)情景二：不定冠词a/an与定冠词the的区分我们来看三道经典例题：例1. --What a heavy rain it was! （泛指：It was a heavy rain. 那是一场大雨。
2019年中考英语精品复习语法基础.doc
2019 年中考英语精选复习语法基础非谓语动词指的是在句中起名词，形容词或副词作用的动词形式，而不是作谓语的动词形式。
动词的非谓语形式分为动名词，分词，动词不定式。
climbing mountain is a good exercise. (climbing...,动名词起名词作用）登山是一项好运动。
do you know the man wearing a white shirt.（wearing ...分词起形容词作用）你认识那个穿白衬衣的人吗？he gets up early to catch the first bus.(to catch ....不定式起副词作用）他早早起床是为了追上第一班汽车。
谓语动词和非谓语动词的差别：2)谓语动词在句中可独自作谓语，而非谓语动词不可以独自作谓语。
miss mary teaches us english.玛丽教我们英语。
（teaches动词作谓语）mr.victor came to our classroom to have a talk with us last week.维克托先生上周到达了我们教室和我们讲话。
（to have a talk....不定式作状语）3)谓语动词受主语的人称和数的限制，而非谓语动词形式没有这类限制。
larke likes the pop music.拉克喜爱流行音乐。
（动词用单数第三人称形式）larke has nothing to do today.拉克今日没什么事要做。
（do 用原形）非谓语动词的特点：2假如非谓语动词是及物动词，后边须跟宾语。
studying english is my favorite.学习英语是我的喜好。
（ studying后跟宾语）to help him is my duty.帮助他是我的责任。
（help后跟宾语）34562019-04-08非谓语动词指的是在句中起名词，形容词或副词作用的动词形式，而不是作谓语的动词形式。
【2019年备考】中考英语语法专题复习—句子成分专题
句子成分专题学习目标:1.掌握不同的句子成分。
2.掌握五种基本句型结构。
3.掌握动词填空题的解题技巧。
一、句子成分概述【知识梳理】构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。
句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。
除此之外还有插入语和感叹语。
批注：同位语在初中不做考查，也不需要学生掌握，有能力的学生做了解即可。
在讲解其他句子成分时可以适当让学生举例句。
【例题精讲】指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分1.The students got on the school bus. 主语2. He handed me the newspaper. 宾语3. I shall answer your question after class. 谓语4. What a beautiful Chinese painting! 定语5. They went hunting together early in the morning. 状语6. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.宾语补足语批注：这个例题主要是用来检验一下学生对句子成分的基本了解如何，让学生自己完成，判断画线的词所做的句子成分，由于同位语不需要掌握可以不设置题目。
【课堂练习】指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分1. The apples tasted sweet.（）2. His wish is to become a scientist.（）（）3. Tom came to ask me for advice.（）4. He found it important to learn English.（）（）5. Do you have anything else to say?（）答案：1.表语 2.主语表语 3.状语 4.形式宾语真正的宾语 5.定语二、主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、宾语补足语等定义【知识梳理】(1)主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。
2019中考初中英语全部知识点(一)
2019中考初中英语全部知识点（一）各位读友大家好，此文档由网络收集而来，欢迎您下载，谢谢【知识梳理】I. 重点短语1. Sit down2. on duty3. in English4. have a seat5. at home6. look like7. look at8. have a look9. come on 10. at work 11. at school 12. put on 13. look after 14. get up 15. go shoppingII. 重要句型1. help sb. do sth. 2. What about (3)Let?s do sth. 4. It?s time to do It?s time for … 6. What?s…? It is…/ It?s…7. Where is…? It?s…. 8. How old are you? I?m…. 9. What class are you in? I?m in….10. Welcome to…. 11. What?s …plus…? It?s….12. I think… 13. Who?s this? This is…. 14. What can you see?I can see…. 15. There is …. 16.What colour is it ? It?s …17. Whose …is this? It?s….18. What time is it? It?s….III. 交际用语1. Good morning, Miss/Mr….2. Hello! Hi!3. Nice to meet you. Nice to meet you, too.4. How are you? I?m fine, thank you/thanks. And you?5. See you. See you later.6. Thank you! You?re Goodbye! Bye! 8. What?s your name? My name is ….9. Here you are. This way, please. 10. Who?s on duty today?11. Let?s Let me see.IV. 重要语法1. 动词be的用法;2. 人称代词和物主代词的用法;3. 名词的单复数和所有格的用法;4. 冠词的基本用法;5. There be句型的用法。
2019中考英语精华知识点全汇总
2019中考英语精华知识点全汇总2019中考英语精华知识点全汇总一．英语语法重点与难点1.As…as…结构To express that two things are equal in quality。
we use the structure “as…as…” For example。
“You’re a boy as good as Tom” can be rewritten as “You’re as good a boy as Tom.”2.Too…to与so…that sb。
can’t…的句型转换The structure “too…to…” is used to express that something is not possible。
For example。
“The man was too angry to be able to speak.” On the other hand。
the structure “so…that sb。
can’t…” is used to express the same idea in a complex sentence。
For example。
“The man was so angry that he XXX”3.形容词原级表示比较级含义To express that one thing is less than another。
we use the comparative form of adjectives。
For example。
“John is not so stupid as Mike” can be rewritten as “John is less stupid than Mike” or “John is cleverer than XXX.”4.用比较级表示最高级To express that something is the highest or best in a group。
2019年湖南省长沙市人教九年级英语中考语法复习一名词、名词所有格(一)
（九年级下册）
备课教师
授课时间
2019年5月20日
第47课时
教学内容
名词/名词所有格（一）
教学目标
掌握名词/名词所有格的用法。
教学重难点
如何运用名词/名词所有格。
教学方法与手段
Practice and explanation.
教学准备
多媒体课件。
名词
(一)名词的分类：名词是表示人或事物名称的词。它分为专有名词和普通名词。
在词尾加-'s
Tony's pen
以－s结尾的名词只加-'
the students' textbooks
不规则复数名词在词尾加-'s
Women's Day
Children's Day
两人共同拥有某物用A and B's
Lucy and Lily's mother
两人分别拥有某物用A's and B's
France
Frenchman
Frenchmen
Germany
German
Germans
America
American
Americans
Australia
Australian
Australians
India
Indian
Indians
Canada
Canadian
Canadians
Italy
Italian
5．表时间、金钱、距离的名词作主语时，视为一个整体，谓语动词用单数。
Ten yearsis(be) a very long time.
名词所有格
【中考英语总复习 夯基础+提能力】01 名词性从句要点呈现与讲解
3. if, whether引导的名词性从句 (1)引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时一般用whether, 不用if。 The question is whether technology is going to be our servant or our master. (2)whether与if引导宾语从句时大多数情况下可以互换, 但下列情况下只能用 whether: ①后面直接跟or not时用whether They now have two weeks to decide whether or not to buy.
(2)wh-ever既可引导名词性从句, 又可引导让步状语从句; 而no matter wh-只能引 导让步状语从句。 The gold medal will be awarded to whoever (anyone who)wins the first place in the bicycle race. No one is allowed to break the regulations, whoever (anyone who)he is.
【点津】 ①whether可引导表语从句, 但与之同义的if不用于引导表语从句。 ②That is because. . . 指原因或理由。 That is why. . . 指由于各种原因所造成的后果。 The question is whether he will join us next time. He did not see the film last night. That is because he had to help his little sister with her homework. He had seen the film before. That is why he did not see it last night.
2019最新中考英语语法必考知识点汇总
2019最新中考英语语法必考知识点汇总一、词类、句子成分和构词法：1、词类：英语词类分十种：名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。
1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。
如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange.2、代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。
如：who, she, you, it .3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。
如：good, right, white, orange .4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。
如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth.5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。
如：am, is,are,have,see .6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。
如：now, very, here, often, quietly,slowly.7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。
如：a, an, the.8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。
如in, on, from, above, behind.9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。
如and, but,before .10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。
如：oh, well, hi, hello.2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。
1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。
通常用名词或代词担任。
如：I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐)2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。
主要由动词担任。
如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间)3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。
2019届中考英语复习第一篇语言基础知识第1课七上Units1_5基础知识
第一篇中考语言基础知识第1课七上Units 1—5课前预热中考词汇拓展中考词组短语中考句型回顾课堂突破中考重点单词与短语一、call的用法【例句展示】1. Please call Tom at 567-1348.请拨打电话567-1348给汤姆。
2. I have a brother called Jim.我有一个叫吉姆的兄弟。
3. Please mae a phone call to Tom.请打电话给汤姆。
【精讲辨析】1. vt. 打电话。
2. vt. 叫；称呼。
3. n. 电话。
【活学活用】根据短文内容和所给汉语提示，在空白处写出单词的正确形式。
每空限填一词。
I’m James Brown. You can （叫）me James. If you have any question, mae a phone （电话）to me. （打电话）me at 158-7684.二、family的用法【例句展示】1. He has a big family.他有一个大家庭。
2. His family are having lunch.他一家人正在吃午饭。
【精讲辨析】1. n. 家；家庭。
强调整体，视为单数。
2. n. 家人。
强调个体成员，视为复数。
【活学活用】用be动词的适当形式填空。
My family a small one and all my family basetball fans.三、play的用法【例句展示】1. Let’s play basetball.让我们打篮球吧。
2. He can play the guitar.他会弹吉他。
3. She often plays with her classmates.她经常和同学们一起玩。
4. The radio was playing very loudly.收音机开得很响。
5. All wor and no play maes Jac a dull boy.只工作不玩耍，聪明也变傻。
2019年总结中考英语考点要点汇总
2019年总结中考英语考点要点汇总1.宾语从句:怎样判断出一个从句是宾语从句? 在动词后作宾语(动宾):Do you know where he comes from? 划线部分是动词know的宾语..在有些接双宾结构的动词后作宾语:He asked me when we would leave. 此句中me与从句when-分别是ask的宾语｡在介词后作宾语(介宾):Let’s talk about how we solve this problem.在I’m sorry…, I’m afraid…, I’m sure…等结构后的句子也被认为是宾语从句.宾语从句需注意的时态问题:主句若是一般现在时,从句根据不同情况用不同时态｡He says (that) he will have a walk soon. (soon指将来,从句用将来时)The teacher asks who is the cleverest in the school. (暗指目前谁最聪明,从句用现在时)I want to know who came here late this morning. (今早已过去,从句用过去时)主句若是一般过去时,从句也要用过去时｡He wondered if I would come. She told me that her son had got well.She said that she liked watching TV. We thought Jim was wrong.无论主句是何时态,从句若表客观真理,要用一般现在时｡Mr. Li said the moon is smaller than the earth.宾语从句无论有何引导词,句子都要用陈述句语序｡Could you tell me when you will get back to Wuhan?(不是will you)Do you know which sweater she is wearing? (不是is she)2.状语从句:此处所说的状语从句用法仅包括条件(if和unless引导)状语从句和时间(when等引导,见下文)状语从句｡状语从句需注意以下问题:主句若是一般将来时､祈使句或含不表过去的情态动词等,则if(如果), unless(除非),when(当…的时候), as soon as(一…就…),before, after, until, till, as(当…的时候)所引导的状语从句用一般现在时｡You may take a rest when you finish doing your work. (主句有情态动词)Could you look after my son after I leave home?(情态动词could是为了让语气委婉,并不指过去时,从句仍用一般现在时)I will go out as soon as it stops raining this afternoon. (主句是将来时)Wait for your brother at the bus station until he arrives. (主句是祈使句)而主句若是一般过去时,从句也要用表过去时的适当时态,如:I would give the money to the charity if I had a million dollars.When he got to the park, his classmates had left.My son ran towards me as soon as he saw me on the street.3.定语从句:定语从句是指修饰前面名词或代词的句子｡从句前面的名词或代词叫先行词,从句中的引导词叫关系代词或关系副词｡关系代词who只指人,which只指物｡that既可指人又可指物｡whose 后必须跟有名词,既指人,也可指物｡关系词作主语时,不可省略,作宾语时可省略｡whom 只指人,只作宾语｡关系副词where指“在那里”,when指“在那时”｡ (以下所给例子凡斜体字部分均作定语从句｡)She is a girl who / that is beautiful and kind-hearted. The girl who / that is tall is my sister.(以上关系词作主语,不可省略｡)She is a girl (who / whom / that) I know very well. (关系词做know的宾语,可以省略｡) That boy whose hair is very long is my brother. I own a bike whose price is high.(关系词whose表所属,后需接名词｡前句指人,译为“这个孩子的”;后句指物,译为“这个自行车的”｡)I bought a watch (which / that) I paid 100 yuan for. (指物, 作pay的宾语,可以省略｡)I prefer a place which / that is clean and quiet. (关系词译为“这个地方”,主语,不可省)I prefer a place where I can live a quiet life. (关系词译为“在这个地方”,是地点副词｡)I shall never forget the day when a boy helped me find my dog. (“在这一天”,是时间副词)4.wish和hope:wish既可接to do sth. 也可接sb + to do sth. 也可接that从句.I wish to spend my summer holiday in Qingdao. I wish you to join my party this Sunday.I wish (that) I could be a scientist. (注:接that从句时,从句用虚拟语气｡)hope接to do sth. 或that从句. 但不接sb to do sth.I hope to receive a letter from you some day. I hope you will get well soon.I hope (that) everything goes well. (接从句时不用虚拟)5.thanks for和thanks to: Thanks for your helping me with the work.(此句表达对对方为自己做了某事的感谢,后无补充的结果｡)Thanks to your suggestion, I didn’t make such mistakes.(此句表达感谢由于某方所做的有利的事,出现了后面的结果｡)6.感官动词用法之一:see, hear, listen to, watch, notice等词,后接宾语,再接动词原形或ing形式｡前者表全过程,后者表正在进行｡句中有频率词时,以上的词也常跟动词原形｡ I heard someone knocking at the door when I fell asleep. (我入睡时有人正敲门)I heard someone knock at the door three times. (听的是全过程)I often watch my classmates play volleyball after school. (此处有频率词often)若以上词用于被动语态,后面原有动词原形改为带to不定式:We saw him go into the restaurant. → He was seen to go into the restaurant.I hear the boy cry every day. → The boy is heard to cry every day.7.感官动词用法之二:look, sound, smell, taste, feel可当系动词,后接形容词｡He looks angry. It sounds good. The flowers smell beautiful. The sweets taste sweet. The silk feels soft. I felt tired. They all looked tired.这些动词都不用于被动语态｡如:The sweets are tasted sweet.是错误的｡注意:如果加介词like, 则后不可接形容词,而接名词或代词:He looks like his mother. That sounds like a good idea. It sounds like great fun. It smells like a flower. It tastes like salt.8.find和think部分用法: find / think + 宾语 + 宾语补足语｡(代替宾从)宾补有以下情况:.名词短语 John found his son a clever boy.形容词短语 Mrs. Smith thinks her husband kind of lazy.有时宾补后可接带to不定式 I found it hard to fool the girl.find后也有v-ing形式作宾语补足语｡I found him reading a book just now.9.would like / want / feel like: would like,和want类似:◇都可接名词短语:I would like / want another three desks.◇都可接带to 不定式:I would like / want to go out for a walk.◇都可接sb,然后再跟带to 不定式: I would like you to give me a hand.feel like: ◇后也可接名词短语:Do you feel like some tea?◇后若接动词,须用动词ing形式:Do you feel like having a walk?I don’t feel like drinking tea. 【注:feel like常用于疑问句或否定句中｡】10.词序易错的短语:形容词修饰不定代词或不定副词,形容词在后面｡Is there anything delicious in the fridge? Nothing serious.There is something wrong with the computer. I want to go somewhere warm.else修饰疑问词和不定代词､不定副词,也放在后面｡What else can you see in the picture? Who else is in the room?Do you have anything else to say? Where else can you see it?enough修饰形容词和副词,enough 放在后面｡This sweater is cheap enough. Nemo is old enough to work.He ran fast enough to catch up with the dog. She doesn’t listen carefully enough.11.对“评价”､“天气”的提问之区别:What do you think of …?=How do y ou like …? =How / What do you feel about…?“你对…怎么看?”(How…?句中有like,是动词｡)What’s the weather like in…? = How is the weather in…?“…的天气什么样?”(What…?句中有like,是介词,“像”｡而How…?句中无like.)12.take, cost, pay, spend区别:It + take + sb + some time + to do sth: It took us half an hour to cut down the tree.物 + cost + sb + 钱: The bag cost me thirty yuan.若cost后无sb, 则译作“价钱是”: The bag costs 30 Yuan.人+ pay + sb + 钱 + for sth: I paid the seller 200 Yuan for the bike..(pay后所加内容可视具体情况取舍｡切记for后接的是物,而不是人或钱｡)人 + spend + 时间/ 钱 + on sth / (in) doing sth.The girl spent two hours (in) searching the Internet.The girl always spends much money on her clothes.spend 有时可指“度过”:spend holiday / weekends / winter13.双宾结构:pass / give / teach / offer / lend / send / sell / call / show / buy / ask / tell 等可加双宾结构｡也就是接sb + sth. Pass me the book, please. He gave us some pens.其中pass, give, offer, lend, send, sell, show等也可接sth + to sb. 如: lend the book to me.buy, build等可接sth + for sb. My brother bought a dictionary for me.另外,若sth是代词时,不用双宾结构｡Please show it to me. 而不说show me it.14.部分词作连词与介词:(连词接句子,介词接名词或代词)Keep careful when you are listening to the teacher. (斜体部分是句子,when是连词) Keep careful when listening to the teacher. (斜体部分是名词短语,when是介词)类似的,while, than, before, after, as, since, until等｡如:I’ll wait until I hear from her. (连词) I’ll wait until hearing from her. (介词)I’ll wait until next Friday / September / 11:00. (接的都是表时间的短语,until是介词)15.动词ed与动词ing作形容词用法之一: . 动词ed作形容词:表示被动或已发生,常作定语｡The boy named Peter is my friend. 那个叫做彼得的男孩是我的朋友｡此处是后置定语,划线部分起修饰作用,下同｡He’s eating fried chicken. “他在吃炸鸡｡”做chicken的前置定语｡There is no time left. “没时间剩余了｡”做time的后置定语｡I have read a novel written by Lu Xun.我读了一部鲁迅写的小说｡做后置定语｡下同｡He lives in a house built twenty years ago. 他住在一个二十年前被建造的房子里｡一般来说,定语部分不只一个词时, 常放在名词的后面｡动词ing作形容词:表示正在进行或表示功能,常作定语｡the crying boy, a running bus, the rising sun, a bus running on the road,the boy crying in the corner (以上表示正在进行)a sitting room, the bathing suit, a cutting machine, writing paper…… (本行表示功能)16.动词ed与动词ing作形容词用法之二: 由一些及物动词派生而来,和心理感受有关,但ed修饰人,ing常修饰物｡以下词凡是译为“使…”的及物动词,其ed形式的形容词都译为“感到…的”,其ing形式的形容词都译为“令人(感到)…的”｡以下带-ed形式的词的各个短语一般都译为“对…感到…”｡及物动词, 后接人 ed形式及常见短语 ing形式excite(使兴奋,使激动)surprise(使惊讶,使吃惊)amaze(使吃惊)embarrass(使尴尬)encourage(使受鼓舞, 鼓励)frustrate(使失望,使沮丧)interest(使感兴趣)thrill(使激动/ 紧张)terrify(使恐怖,使害怕)please (使高兴,使满意)satisfy (使满意)frighten (使害怕,使惊惧)tire(使厌烦)bore(使厌烦)relax(使放松)fascinate(使着迷)annoy(使烦恼)move(使感动)worry(使担忧)confuse(使困惑)His words amazed me. The news frustrated us very much. (都是及物动词,后接人)His words were amazing. (修饰物) I was amazed at his words. (修饰人)How exciting the film is! (修饰物) He was moved by the movie. (修饰人)17.动词ing和带to不定式作主语:To be a teacher is my dream. Working hard brings you success.Taking care of our environment is very important. To plant trees makes me happy.Reading books gives you knowledge. (以上各句谓语都用单数,见黑体部分)Listening and writing are both difficult. (此句主语因指两件事,谓语用复数) ter / after / ago / before: later“…时间后”结构:时间段+later常用于一般过去时｡They went to Beijing five days later.(later前无时间段,单独在句尾,常用于将来时:I’ll see you later.)after“…时间后”结构:after+时间段,常用于一般过去时,和相同｡They went to Beijing after five days. The dog died after a week.(after也可加句子, 但主句不一定用一般过去时:I’ll send you an e-mail after I get home.Return it to me after you finish it. 见2.)ago“…时间前”结构:时间段+ago, 用于一般过去时｡The Greens moved to Shanghai four weeks ago. I saw it ten minutes ago.(若有since+时间段+ago,常用现在完成时:Mr. Li has worked here since 5 years ago.)before 单独放在句尾,常用现在完成时:“以前”I have been to London before. He has seen the film before.(若是时间段+before,常用过去完成时,“…前”: I had seen the film two weeks before.We had found out the answer to the problem an hour before.)19.四季:spring春;summer夏;autumn秋;winter冬;season季20.月:January, 一月; February, 二月; March, 三月; April, 四月; May, 五月;June, 六月; July, 七月; August, 八月; September, 九月; October, 十月;November, 十一月; December, 十二月｡21.星期:Sunday, 周日;Monday, 周一;Tuesday, 周二;Wednesday, 周三;Thursday, 周四;Friday, 周五;Saturday, 周六｡Sunday是一周的第一天, Saturday是最后一天｡22.“也”:either, 用于否定句的末尾｡also, 通常挨着动词,少用于句尾｡too, 通常在句尾,前常有逗号｡as well, 只用于句尾, 前无逗号｡注意:后三个词都不用于否定句｡23.带to不定式用法之一:带to不定式有逻辑宾语在前时,to后动词用及物动词;不及物时需跟介词｡The work is too hard for me to do. (work做及物动词do的逻辑宾语)I have nothing to say. (nothing做及物动词say的逻辑宾语)I have a letter to write. (letter是及物动词write的逻辑宾语) 而以下情况有介词:I have a pen to write a letter with. ( 用钢笔写信,所以要有“用”字,故加with.)The zoo is not a good place for animals to live in.(“住在动物园里”,zoo是live in的逻辑宾语,故不及物动词live加介词in. )Tom has no friends to talk to. (friends 是talk to的逻辑宾语,to不可少｡)He runs too fast for us to catch up with. (he是catch up with的逻辑宾语,带with.)There are no seats to sit on. (坐在座位上,故sit后要加on.)24.(a) lit tle / (a) few: few,little“几乎没有;少”否定词｡few加可数名词复数, little加不可数名词｡ There is little water in the bottle, is there? (前否定,后肯定)Tom is so shy that he has few friends.a few“一些”肯定词,加可数名词复数; a little“一些;一点”也是肯定词,加不可数名词｡Tom is not an Englishman , but he knows a little English.另外,在too, very, so等词后用few, little; 在only, just, still等词后用a few, a little.而quite a few / a little 都译为“很多”,分别相当于many和much.(注:有时a little…..并不是固定短语｡如: a little sheep译为“一只小羊”)25.及物动词+副词:put on (穿上) / put off (推迟) / put away (把…整理好) / put up (举起,搭起,挂起,张贴) / put down (放下) / put out(扑灭); break down(损坏,倒塌); turn on(打开) / turn off (关闭) / turn up (调大) / turn down(关小); get back(取回);use up(用光); cut up(切碎) eat up(吃光) sell out(卖完) cheer up(振作) give away(赠送) / give out(发放) / give up(放弃) / give back(归还); pick up(捡起､拿起)try out(验证) / try on(试穿); ring up/ call up(打电话); clean up / out (打扫干净);set up(成立); think up(想出;想起); hand in (上交) / hand out(分发;散发);fix up(修理); work out(算出) dress up(打扮); help out(帮人解决);keep off / keep out(阻止;挡住); take off(脱下) / take away(拿走) / take out(拿出); look up(查找) / look over(仔细查看); throw away / off (抛弃) wake up(叫醒); write down(写下); let down(使沮丧); make up(编造､组成); set off(激起､触发) 注:名词做以上短语的宾语,可放在它们中间或后边;而代词做宾语,只放在中间｡26.as……as用法:中间加形容词和副词原级｡和…一样… His room is as big as mine.He runs as fast as I do / me / I. You should keep the room as clean as your brother’s. as…as possible / sb can “尽可能…” We went there as soon as possible.Listen to the teacher as carefully as you can. He went there as quickly as he could.有些短语有几个意思:as soon as 和…一样快;一…就…; as much as和…一样多;多达; as longas和…一样长;长达;只要; as well as和…一样好;和…一样;as far as远达;就…来说(as…as…在否定句中也可说so…as….)也可表示倍数: This room is twice as big as that one. 这个房间是那个房间的两倍大｡27.prefer用法:prefer sth to sth 或 prefer doing sth to doing sth.“比起…更喜欢…”prefer to do sth rather than do sth宁愿…也不愿…若单独一个prefer,和like 用法类似,后接 to do sth 或doing sth “更喜欢做某事”28. some-, any-, every-用法:some-“某~,一些~”,用于肯定的陈述句中｡I have something to tell you. Maybe somebody has taken it.若用于疑问句中表示期待对方肯定的回答或表示请求或建议.Why not ask somebody to help you? Shall we give him something to eat?What about some milk? Could you please lend me some chairs?Will you buy me some books? May I give you some tea? Would you like some milk?在一些”do some…”短语中, 即使是疑问句中, some也不变为any. 如:Will you do some washing next Sunday? 这些短语有:do some shopping / cleaning / cooking / sweeping / washing 等｡any-, 在疑问句中仍译为“某~,一些~”Do you have anything to say?Is anybody in the house? Have you seen it anywhere?在if 引导的句中,常用any. 如:If you have any water, please give me some.在肯定句和否定句中译为“任何~” You may put the box anywhere in the room.He is taller than any other student in the class. We won’t have anything to eat now. every-“每~”,强调所有,既包括此也包括彼｡Is everybody here?-No,Tom and Lucy have asked for leave.The glass was broken, and the water went everywhere.29.动词时态和形式:八个时态:一般现在时､现在进行时(am / is / are + v.ing)､一般将来时(will / shall / be going to+动词原形)､一般过去时､过去进行时(was / were+ v.ing)､现在完成时(have / has + v. 过去分词)､过去完成时(had + v. 过去分词)､过去将来时(would + v. 原形) 六个形式: 原形; 过去式(规则的加ed);过去分词(规则的加ed); 第三人称单数(加s / es); 现在分词(v.ing); 带to不定式｡30.if / whether区别:if 如果(引导条件状语从句) / 是否(引导宾语从句)Do you know if he will go to the post office? If he goes there, I will ask him to buyme some stamps. 两个if, 前者“是否”;后者“如果”,观察其后时态的不同｡(各见语法1､2)whether“无论”引导让步状语从句/ “是否”引导宾语从句(相当于if)都译为“是否”时,whether可接or not, 也可接带to不定式｡而if 则不可｡另外,if可接any-单词,常不接some-单词｡ (见语法28.)31.因为:because, 常是对why的回答,语气最强｡位置:Because…, …或…, because….since, 表显然的或已知的理由Since it’s already late, I must go now.for, 位置:…,for….语气最弱｡I drove carefully, for it’s snowing.as有时也指“因为”,用法基本无限制｡As I am ill, I won’t go.32.表推测:must, may, might, could, can, can’tmust“一定”,可能性最大,常用于肯定句｡There is the door bell, it must be Tom. 门铃响了,一定是汤姆(来了)｡may / might“也许”一般用于肯定句, may比might可能性大｡She is coming to us. She might be our new teacher.can / could“可能”could比can语气更委婉｡但can多用于否定｡You could be right, but I don’t think y ou are.The light in the office is off. The teacher can’t be there now.33.so与such区别:so是副词,后跟形容词/副词,so tall / slowly / carefully / young…such是形容词,后跟名词短语｡such bad weather / good news /beautiful music…;such a beautiful girl / an important lesson / a hea vy stone / an interesting lesson…; such kind boys / new desks / friendly people / amazing movies / clever children…;若名词前形容词是many, much, few, little时,不用such, 而用so.so many flowers / much rain / few friends / little water…也常有“so / such …that…”句型,译为“如此…以致于…”｡34.so的另两个用法:so + be / 情态动词 / 助动词 + 主语,“…也”上下文所指不是同一个人或物｡ The twins are working, so am I.I will leave tonight, and so will Peter. If you go there, so will I . (最后一句参见语法2)又如:A: I woke up late this morning. B: So did I.so + 主语 + be/情态动词 / 助动词,“的确…是”上下文所指是同一个人或物｡A: We have lunch at school. B: So you do.又如:A: Bruce can work out the problem. B: So he can. (注意以上黑体字的照应)35.neither / nor用法之一:neither / nor + be / 情态动词 / 助动词 + 主语“…也不”上文是否定句｡She didn’t get well, nor did her brother.Tim isn’t g oing to do his work, neither is John.又如:A: Jim hasn’t had breakfast. B: Neither have I. (注意以上黑体字的照应)36.keep, make, get, have用法:keep + sb / sth doing sth “让…一直做…” I’m sorry for keeping you waiting so long. (区别:keep + doing sth “坚持做某事,一直做某事”)make + sb / sth do sth让…做某事(接动原) I’ll try to make you understand what I mean.I feel sorry that I have made him wait for long.make若用于被动语态,原有后接动词原形要改为带to不定式(另见语法6的类似说法):I made him wait for long. →He was made to wait for long.get + sb / sth to do sth.让…做某事｡He got Peter to buy him a pen.have + 宾语+ 动词原形 / ing / 过去分词Have him do it, please.让他做它吧｡(him 和 do 逻辑上形成主谓关系,do用原形｡)We had the machine working.我们让机器一直工作着｡(让某物一直在进行着某事｡)We had the machine repaired.我们让人修理了那台机器(让机器被修理了,表被动｡)也都可接形容词:keep safe / busy, keep the door closed / open,make us happy, get the door closed, have everything ready. get her ears pierced.ed短语:used to + 动原,“过去常常” He used to smoke.be used to 译为“被用于…”,后接动原｡ It is used to cut things. (主语是物)be used to 译为“习惯于…”,后接动词ing或名词 / 代词. (主语常是人)如:He’s used to working late. We are used to the country life. Are you used toit?be used for “被用于…”,后接名词或动词ing (主语也是物) 如:English is used for business. Knives are used for cutting things.38. through / past / across 区别: 都可作介词,“穿过”,前常有位移动词(以下黑体部分)｡He climbed through the window and saw what he could take away. (从窗户内部经过)He went past me without saying any words. (从我旁边经过)He swam across the river. (从河的表面经过)【through,内部; past,旁边; across,表面】位移动词 + past 有时相当于动词pass; 位移动词 + across有时相当于动词cross.39.the number of / a number of: 前者“…的数量”;后者“许多的”都跟可数名词复数｡前者作主语,谓语用单数;后者作主语,谓语用复数｡The number of the trees is two thousand. (用单数谓语. 另注意trees前有限定词)A number of trees have been cut down. (用复数谓语. 另注意trees前无限定词)40.延续性动词:how long,since,for,(以上见84)until / till等所在肯定句中的主句谓语要用延续性动词(以下划线部分): We have been in Zhengzhou for ten years.How long may I keep this novel? I’ve lived here since 2002.Let’s wait until he comes back.. 但否定句中可用短暂性动词,如下面的see与leave:I haven’t seen you for a long time. They won’t leave until it stops raining.另外,请观察以下短暂性动词转换成延续性动词的常见表达:lose →be lost. start / begin to do→do go off→be offstart, begin→be on turn on→be on move to→live inend→be over get, buy→have, own borrow→keepdie→be dead go out→be out fall asleep→be asleepget / become + adj →be + adj. open(动词,“打开”) →be open(形容词,表状态) arrive in, get to, reach→be in, stay in leave, go away (from)→be away (from)如以下例子的划线部分(并注意黑体部分的变化):The dog died five hours ago. →The dog has been dead for five hours.I lost my dictionary two weeks ago. →My dictionary has been lost since two weeks ago. He began to teach English last year. →.He has taught English for one year.Lucy arrived in Beijing the day before yesterday. →Lucy has been in Beijing for two days.I bought this bike six months ago. →I have owned this book since six months ago. My friend borrowed the book last month. →My friend has kept the book for a month. He left Beijing in 1990. →H e has been away from Beijing since 1990.(注意以上的“for + 时间段”与“since + 时间段+ ago”或“since + 时间点”可互换) 41.all / each / both / none / either / neither不定代词或形容词的用法:All boys / All of the boys are from China. (all 若接可数复数, 谓语也用复数｡)All of the water is polluted. (若接不可数,谓语用单数｡)Each boy / Each of the boys has a different bag.each接名词单数或接of + 限定词+复数,其后谓语都用单数｡Both of the twins are clever. 后面谓语用复数｡None of the students has / have been there before.none +of +限定词+复数, 谓语用单､复数都可｡另见88.-When shall we meet, Saturday or Sunday?-Either day is OK. / Either of the days is OK. 谓语用单数｡-When shall we meet, Saturday or Sunday?-Sorry, I have to look after my mother these two days. That is, neither time is OK. / neither of the days is OK. 谓语用单数｡【 all / each / none分别指三者或更多中的“都” / “每一个”/“没有一个”｡both / either / neither分别指两者中“都”/“任何一个”/“没有一个” 】42.计量表达法:数量+单位+形容词｡ The street is two kilometers long.That boy can jump four meters away.(此处不用far, 见49) The fish is five kilos heavy. The street is forty meters wide. This baby is only six months old.若计量表达的后面跟有名词,则要用连字符,单位不用复数｡They dug an eight-meter-deep hole. /. I bought a 10-kilo-heavy fish.It’s a piece of 2-meter-thick ice. / They built a 50-meter-wide street.It’s a two-month holiday. She is a three-child mother. (最后两句计量中省略了形容词)43. Must I / May I / Need I …? 用法:Must I …? “我必须…吗?”A: Must I finish the work? B: Yes, you must. / No, you needn’t.Need I…? “我有必要…吗?”或“我需要…吗?”A: Need I clean the house? B: Yes, you must. / No, you needn’t.May I …? “我可以…吗?”表示请求｡A: May I go out for a walk now? B: Yes, you can. / No, you mustn’t / can’t. 44.hundred / thousand / million / billion: 前有具体数字,这些词不加s及of. 如: nine hundred people, ten thousand students等｡这些词前若无具体数字,后加s和of. 如:thousands of trees; many millions of people; hundreds of cars; billions of stars 但前若有several, 后常不加s和of:several million pounds45.反意疑问句 (此处用QT表示反意疑问句后一部分内容) 的部分用法:something, nothing, anything, everything作主语,QT主语用it.Something is wrong, isn’t it? / Nothing is difficult, is it?当主句中think的主语是第一人称时,QT要结合think后的从句而定:I think Lucy can do well in the exam, can’t she?I don’t think he will come here on time, will he?祈使句的QT一般用will you?(包括let us …..), 而Let’s …用shall we?Get up now, will you? Don’t be noisy, will you? Be quiet, will you?Please don’t talk, will you? Let us do it now, will you? Don’t talk in class, will you?Let’s do it now, shall we? Let’s sing a song, shall we?There be句型,QT主语用there.There is a man working in the field, isn’t there?There used to be a meeting on Friday, didn’t there?There won’t be a movie in the theatre, will there?46.put on, wear, dress, in: put on,“穿上”后接物｡表行为,是短暂动词｡You should put on your coat when you leave.wear,“穿,穿着”后接物,表状态,是延续性动词｡He always wears the yellow sweater in winter. I like wearing beautiful clothes. dress, “给…穿衣”后接人｡You can dress yourself, baby.Lucy is dressing her little brother now.be dressed in后常接具有某种特征的衣物｡也可直接加表示颜色的词｡The lady is dressed in a white skirt. The students are all dressed in yellow. get dressed “穿好衣服”,常不接宾语: He went out as soon as he got dressed. dress up (as) ...“装扮(成)......” He dressed up as a clown. 他装扮成小丑｡in, “穿着”后接具有某种特征的衣物,表状态,是介词,不可作谓语,可作状语｡也可以直接加表示颜色的词｡ The woman in a white skirt is my teacher.Do you know the girl in a red coat? (你认识那个穿着红外套的姑娘吗?)I want to talk to the boy in black. (我想找那个穿着黑衣服的男孩谈谈｡)47.虚拟语气部分用法:在非真实条件句中要用虚拟语气,即if 从句中用一般过去时,而主句动词用would / should + 动词原形,表示与现在相反的主观设想,也可以表示在说话人看来实现的可能性很小的情况｡(注意:虚拟语气中的be动词都要用were.)If there were no air, people would die. (与现在事实相反)If I got rich, I would travel around the world. (可能性很小)48.other / others / the other / the others / another:如果不特定指出哪一个,是泛指,“另一个”要用another, 后加可数名词单数｡If you are still thirsty, you may have another cup of tea.(没特定指出哪一杯茶,是泛指｡cup是单数｡)another也可+数字+可数复数:The meeting will last another two hours. (再持续两小时) We need another six desks. (此处两句分别相当于:two more hours; six more desks.) 如果只有两个或只有两部分,就给出了范围,其中另一个或另一部分是特指 (other前有the.), 有如下用法:第一种,所说内容只有两个:Mrs. Green has two sons, one is interested in math, the other (one / son) is good at science. 【只有两个,用the other, 不加s, 后面名词可省略｡】又如:This pair of shoes is strange. One is blue, yet the other is green. “这双鞋子很怪,一只蓝色,而另一只绿色｡”第二种,只有两部分:此种情况下the other后接可数名词复数,或不接名词而只在the other后加s. Two children went there, but the other children / the others stayed.Two fifths of the students in our class are boys, the other students / the others are girls.如果没有显示出只有两部分,未给出范围,则是泛指,不加the.Lei Feng liked helping other people / others. Do you have any other questions? Alice didn’t like tha t dress, so she asked to see some others.other的另一用法:用比较级的形式,体现最高级的含义｡He is taller than any other boy in his class. (划线中boy常用单数) =He is taller than all ( of ) the other boys in his class. (划线中boy用复数)他比班里任何男孩都高(他是班里男孩中最高的)｡49.how long / how often / how soon / how far: how long 是对长度或时间段提问｡How long is the river? -It’s 5,000 kilometers long. (对长度提问)How long have you lived there? -For five months. / Since 2002. (对时间段提问) how often是对频率提问,如:never, sometimes, often, usually, always, once a week, twice a day, three times a year, every day / year / month / week等｡How often do you watch TV? -Every two days. / Twice a week. / Sometimes.【若只有次数,则用how many times 提问:How many times do you watch TV a week? -Twice. / only once.】how soon 是对“in +时间段”提问:How soon will you return to Beijing? -In a week./ In two days.how far是对以下三种表达法的提问:—How far is it from your home to the school? 有以下三种回答:▲—It’s five minutes’ walk / an hour’s ride / thirteen minutes’ drive. ▲—It’s about 20 kilometers (fa r) away. (注意回答时不再用far,而用away, 或far away) ▲—It’s 15 minutes by bus / on foot / by train / by bike.50.分数表达:二分之一: half a / an 或a half. 如:half an hour = a half hour半小时It’s half past seven.(省略冠词)以下情况中,分子(基数词)若超过一,分母(序数词)需加s:三分之一: a / one third 三分之二: two thirds四分之一: a / one fourth 或a / one quarter四分之三: three fourths或three quarters.。
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2012年中考英语考点1名词(一) 知识概要名词的概念在不同的语法教课书中有不同的解释和分类方法，但就实际应用来讲还是不要过分地追求其理论概念，而更多的要把注意力放在其应用上来。
我们不妨把它分为两大类：专有名词与普通名词。
顾名思义，专有名词是指：个人、事物、机关等所专有的名称，如，the Great Wall，America…它们是不能随意变动的。
而普通名词中则包括个体名词，如pen, worker…它表示单一的个体人或事物；集体名词，如：family,class，team,它表示的是由若干个个体组成的集合体；物质名词，如：water,paper…它表示的是一种物质，原材料；而后一种是抽象名词，如:work, time…它表示着一种在实际生活中看不见、摸不到，但却与实际生活紧密相关的某些动作、状态、品质的抽象概念。
见下表。
名词一览表种类专有名词London, John, the Communist Party of China普通名词类名词nurse, boy, worker, pencil, dog, table集体名词class, family, army, police, team, people物质名词water, steel, glass, cotton, wood, sand抽象名词happiness, love, work, life, courage, honest功用主语My family is now in New York.表语His father is a scientist.宾语We love our great motherland.宾语补足语He made London the base for his work.定语The girls are making paper flowesrs.状语The car cost him 1000 dollars.同位语Mr Brown, a famous scientist, will come here.名词在使用中的难点在于名词的数，即可数名词与不可数名词的实际应用。
不可数名词不能用数字计算，所以它通常只有单数形式。
它包含有专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词等，如：English,air,water,cotton,work…可数名词是可以用数量加以计算的名词，所以它具有单数形式和复数形式两种。
可数名词复数形式的构成规律是：1. 一般情况加s,如：pen—pens, doctor—doctors,boy—boys,其读音规则是在清辅音后读［s］，在元音和浊辅音后读［z］。
如:map—map ，boy—boys.2. 在以s,sh,ch,x结尾的名词后面加es，如：bus—buses,class—classes,其读音为［iz］。
3. 以ce,se,ze,(d)ge结尾的名词加s，其读音为［iz］。
4. 以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，要将y变为i再加es，读作［z］，如：factory—factories,country—countries, family—families.但要注意的是以元音字母加y结尾的名词的复数形式只加s，如:boy—boys,day—days。
5. 以o结尾的名词的复数形式一般要加es，但如果o前面是元音字母或外来词，缩写词以o结尾的则只加s，如：tomato—tomatoes,hero—heroes;photo—photos,radio—radios,piano—pianos6. 以f或fe结尾的名词的复数形式要将f或fe变为v再加es，如：knife—knives, leaf—leaves, 但有些例外的词如roof的复数形式是roofs。
7. 不规则名词的复数形式是要单个记忆的，它没有规律可循，如:man—men,woman—women, child—children, foot—feet,tooth—teeth, mouse—mice8. 单复同形的名词有：fish, sheep,deer…9. 单数形式但其意为复数的名词有:people,police等。
名词还有格的变化，其主格可作主语，宾格可作宾语。
还有所有格，用来表示人或物的所有，以及领属关系。
表示有生命的名词的所有格其单数形式是加's其复数形式是s'，如其结尾不是s的复数形式仍加's，如：a student's room, students' rooms, Children's Day.在表示时间、距离、世界、国家……名词的所有格要用's，如：a twenty minutes' walk.但无生命名词的所有格则必须用of结构，如：the capital of our country, the colour of the flowers(二) 正误辨析［误］Please give me a paper.［正］Please give me a piece of paper.［析］不要认为可以数的名词就是可数名词，这种原因是对英语中可数与不可数名词的概念与中文中的能数与不能数相混淆了，所以造成了这样的错误，因paper在英语中是属于物质名词一类，是不可数名词。
而不可数名词要表达数量时，要用与之相关的量词来表达，如：two pieces of paper.［误］Please give me two letter papers.［正］Please give me two pieces of letter paper.［析］paper作为纸讲是不可数名词，而作为报纸、考卷、文章讲时则是可数名词，如：Each student should write a paper on what he has learnt.［误］My glasses is broken.［正］My glasses are broken.［误］I want to buy two shoes.［正］I want to buy two pairs of shoes.［析］英语中glasses—眼镜，shoes—鞋，trousers—裤子等由两部分组成的名词一般要用复数形式。
如果要表示一副眼镜应用a pair of glasses而这时的谓语动词应与量词相一致。
如：This pair of glasses is very good.［误］May I borrow two radioes?［正］May I borrow two radios?［析］以o结尾的名词大都是用加es来表示其复数形式，但如果o前面是一个元音字母或外来语时则只加s就可以了。
这样的词有zoo—zoos,piano—pianos.［误］This is a Mary's dictionary.［正］This is Mary's dictionary.［析］如名词前有指示代词this, that, these those,及其他修饰词our,some, every, which, 或所有格时，则不要再加冠词。
［误］There are much people in the garden.［正］There are many people in the garden.［析］可数名词前应用many, few, a few, a lot of 来修饰，而people是可数名词，而且是复数名词，如：The people are planting trees here.［误］I want a few water.［正］I want a little water.［析］不可数名词前可以用a little, little, a lot of, some来修饰，但不可用many,few来修饰。
［误］Thank you very much. Your family is very kind to me.［正］Thank you very much. Your family are very kind to me.［误］Tom's and Mary's family are waiting for us.［正］Tom's and Mary's families are waiting for us.［误］I'm sorry. I have to go. Tom's families are waiting for me.［正］I'm sorry. I have to go. Tom's family are waiting for me.［析］集合名词如果指某个集合的整体，则应视为单数，如指某个集合体中的个体则应视为复数。
如:My family is a big family. When I came in, Tom's family were watching TV. 即汤姆一家人正在看电视。
这样的集合名词有：family class, team等。
［误］Don't eat too much meats.［正］Don't eat too much meat.［误］Food in that restaurant is very good.［正］The food in that restaurant is very good.［析］物质名词是不可数名词，在使用中不可以加s，即它没有复数形式。
也不可加不定冠词。
但如果用于特指某一物质时可以加定冠词。
如：I don't like drinking coffee, but the coffee in that cup is really good.［误］Please give me two waters.［正］Please give me two glasses of water.［正］Please give me two coffees.［析］物质名词如要加计量时，一定要加量词，如：two cups of tea,two glasses of water,a glass of milk,a loaf of bread,a piece of bread,a box of sugar,a bowl of rice,a bottle of orange,a bag of earth例：I'll tell you a piece of good news.但只有coffee可以用coffees来取代many cups of coffee.［误］Can you give me the newspaper of today?［正］Can you give me today's newspaper?［析］加's构成所有格的名词一般应指有生命的人或物。