定语从句21大核心考点(十二)
高考英语语法冲刺专题12 定语从句
专题12 定语从句2023年高考英语冲刺复习考点通关大全【考点详解】【命题解读】在复合句中,修饰限定某一名词(或代词)的句子,叫定语从句。
定语从句是历年高考的重要考点。
研究近年的高考真题不难看出,近年高考对名词的考查主语侧重于以下几个方面:1.考查关系词2.考查定语从句中的主谓一致3.考查定语从句中关系代词和关系副词混用【命题预测】预计2022年高考对语境的要求会更高。
侧重考查先行词在具体语境中的含义,同时,对定语从句和名词性从句的辨析也将是命题者测试的考点。
【复习建议】1掌握关系词的用法2.掌握限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别3.熟练掌握句子结构的分析。
判断从句中是否缺主语、宾语、定语,如果缺少,则填关系代词;若从句中不缺少主语、宾语、定语成分,则要填关系副词或考虑“介词+关系代词”(注意介词后只能填which/whom)。
考点一(关系代词引导的定语从句)关系代词:who, whom, which, that, whose, as等。
关系代词可在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语等。
作用:相当于形容词,修饰名词或代词,在句中作定语。
位置:定语从句常置于被修饰词之后;as引导的非限制性定语从句可置于主句前、句中,也可置于主句之后。
①The students who are from China raise your hands, please.来自中国的学生请举手。
②As is known to us all, Taiwan is part of China.众所周知,台湾是中国的一部分。
1.who, whom, that代替的先行词是表示人的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等。
I've made good friends with several of the students who/whom/that I met in the calligraphy competition last year.我已与去年在书法演讲比赛中遇到的几个学生结交为好朋友。
2020年高考英语必考点全梳理专题12-定语从句(高效演练)(含解析)
专题12 定语从句——高效演练一. 单句语法填空1.Many young people,most of ________were well-educated,headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.【答案】whom【解析】考查定语从句的用法。
句意:很多年轻人前往偏远地区去追逐他们的梦想,他们中的很多人都受过良好教育。
根据句子结构可知,此处为定语从句,先行词为Many young people,作介词of的宾语,故要用whom。
2.We will put off the picnic in the park until next week,________ the weather may be better.【答案】when【解析】句意:我们将把公园的野餐推迟到下个星期,那时天气可能会更好。
考查定语从句。
先行词是next week,定语从句中不缺少主宾表,缺少时间状语,所以用when3.(天津高考改编)One day,mentally exhausted,I wrote down all the reasons ________ this problem could not be solved. 【答案】why【解析】句意:一天,精疲力竭,我写下这个问题不能解决的所有原因。
考查定语从句。
从句缺少原因状语,用why 引导。
4.(浙江高考改编)Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears,none of ________ has been proved.【答案】which【解析】句意:关于人类为什么哭的时候会流泪,科学家已经提出了很多理论,没有一个得到了证明。
考查定语从句,先行词是theories,指物,定语从句中用“代词+介词+关系代词which”引导。
[精]高中英语定语从句知识点、难点与考点解析
高中英语语法重点难点回顾――定语从句用来说明主句中某一名词或代词(有时也可说明整个主句或主句中一部分)而起定语作用的句子叫作定语从句。
一、关系代词引导的定语从句1. 关系代词用来指代先行词是人或物的名词或代词句子成分用于限制从句或非限制性从句只用于限制性从句代替人代替物代替人或物主语Who which that主语Whom which that宾语Whose(=of whom) whose(=of which)例1:This is the detective who came from London.例2:The book which I am reading is written by Tomas Hardy.例3:The desk whose leg is broken is very old.例4:This is the room that Shakespeare was born in.2.关系代词的用法(1) 如果先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代词,关系代词一般只用that,不用which。
例如:All the people that are present burst into tears.(2) 如果先等词被形容词最高级以及first, last, any, only, few, mush, no, some, very等词修饰,关系代词常用that,不用which, who,或whom。
例如:(3) 非限制性定语从句中,不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。
例如:There are about seven million people taking part in the election, most of whom are well educated.(4) which还有一种特殊用法,它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句,代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。
高考英语语法复习定语从句讲义
定语从句定语从句的核心考点1.功能:相当于形容词,修饰名词或代词,在句中作定语。
2.位置:定语从句置于被修饰词之后。
Those who are for the plan raise your hands,please.3.先行词:被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词。
先行词一般是名词和不定代词,如:some-,any-,every-和no-与-body,-thing的合成词;或all,none,any,some,that,those等代词。
数词也可以作先行词,人称代词也同样可作先行词。
4.关系词:连接先行词与从句的词叫关系词。
关系代词:who,whom,which,that,whose,as等关系副词:when,where,why等5.确定关系词的步骤:(1)先找先行词,看先行词指的是什么。
(2)看关系词在从句中所充当的成分。
注意:先行词与关系词是等量关系。
(1)先行词在从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的数由先行词而定。
This is the place which is worth visiting.(2)关系词在从句句子中充当了成分,其意思就是先行词的意义,所以在从句中不能重复其意。
There are many places we can visit (them) in China.6.在定语从句中,当先行词指物时,下列情况的关系词宜用that而不用which:(1)当先行词是序数词或形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。
(2)先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much,the only,the very,few等修饰时。
(3)先行词为all,much,little,none,few,something,anything等不定代词时。
(4)先行词中既有人又有物时。
He was looking pleasantly at the children and parcels that filled his bus.(5)先行词在主句中作表语时。
定语从句相关知识点总结
定语从句相关知识点总结一、定语从句的概念。
1. 在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。
- 例如:I like the book which/that is very interesting. 其中“book”是先行词,“which/that is very interesting”是定语从句,用来修饰“book”。
二、关系代词的用法。
1. that.- 既可以指人也可以指物,在从句中作主语或宾语。
- 当先行词是all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none等不定代词时,关系代词用that。
- 例如:All that can be done has been done.(先行词是“All”,关系代词“that”在从句中作主语)- 当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时,关系代词用that。
- 例如:This is the best film that I have ever seen.(先行词“film”被最高级“the best”修饰,关系代词“that”在从句中作宾语,可省略)- 当先行词被the only, the very, the same等修饰时,关系代词用that。
- 例如:This is the very book that I want.(先行词“book”被“the very”修饰,关系代词“that”在从句中作宾语)2. which.- 指物,在从句中作主语或宾语。
- 例如:The book which/that is on the desk is mine.(“which/that”在从句中作主语);I like the book which/that you lent me.(“which/that”在从句中作宾语)- 在非限制性定语从句(从句与主句之间用逗号隔开)中,只能用which,不能用that。
与定语从句相关的考点归纳
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分析近几年高考试题中的定语从句考点,我们不难发现,从开始只是考查定语从句的基本知识,而且句子都不长、结构简单,逐渐过渡到考查考生的语言运用能力,命题人通过在题干中加入插入语、介词短语、使用抽象名词作为先行词等来增加句子的长度,努力营造语言环境,从而达到考查考生实际运用英语的能力。
下面,笔者将结合实例谈谈定语从句的高频考点。
一、考查定语从句的基本结构定语从句的基本结构为“先行词+关系词+从句”,这是在做题时判断一道题是否是考查定语从句的基本标准,也是考试中主要考查的形式,变式考题都是围绕着这个基本结构变化的。
而这个结构以及各种变形中的考查重点大多是围绕着关系词的正确选择,也就是所谓的“万变不离其宗”,在定语从句中这个“宗”就是关系词。
不管试题形式怎么变,只要我们掌握核心解题方法,即“还原法”,就能立于不败之地。
例1:The old town has narrow streets and small houses _______are built close to each other.A.theyB.whereC.whatD.that 【答案】D 。
有关定语从句的考点归纳
This is the material book which , as I have told
)
此句的先行词 home“家”是表示地点的名词,在
从句中作地点状语,因此只能用关系副词 where。
(3)关 系 副 词 why 引 导 定 语 从 句 时 ,先 行 词 为
I like the house in which I lived.(我喜欢我居住过
reason,关系副词 why 在从句中作原因状语。例如:
. 我来给你看我从
语从句用关系代词引导也可用关系副词引导。若先
此句中有两个定语从句,第一个定语从句 I bor⁃
词来引导;若在从句中作状语时,则用关系副词来引
新开的图书馆借来的那本小说。
)
rowed from the library 用 that 来引导,所以第二个定语
从句 was newly open to us 只能用 which 来引导。
and cheer up the old people.
Personally, the biggest challenge last year was the
总之,插入语的形式多样,在平时英语学习中,同
学们要注意对插入语进行归纳总结,从而丰富语言积
英语篇
康、富有和聪明的未来。
毫无疑问,北京最有代表性的文化标志是紫禁
达一百万。
)
在此句中,先行词 book 被 the very 所修饰,所以
After the fire in his house, the watch is the only
在此句中,先行词是 people 指人,关系代词在从
thing that he owns.(房子失火后,那块手表是他唯一
定语从句21大核心考点(一)
定语从句21大核心考点(一)定语从句(Attributive Clauses)定语从句(Attributive Clauses)定义:在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词(antecedent)。
定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。
关系词分类:由在从句中的地位划分上讲,引导词可分为三类:一.主语,宾语引导词.如: who , whom , that , which , as二 .定语引导词.如: whose三 .状语引导词.如: where , when , why(非常六加三,九个关系词)关系词的作用:一是引导从句;作为从句的重要标志.二是代替先行词, 被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词,先行词一般是名词和不定代词,如:some-, any-, every-和no与-boy,-thing的合成词;或all、none、any、some、that、those等代词。
数词也可以作先行词,人称代词也同样可作先行词; 三是在从句中充当成分,可充当主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语等。
关系词在从句子中充当了成分,其意思就是先行词的意义,所以在从句中不能重复其意。
解题技巧:牢记口诀:“一看是人还是物,二看介词在何处,三看句中作何用,四看是否属特殊”一、关系代词引导的定语从句【考点1】关系代词who & whom【考点2】关系代词whose (口诀:定从之中少定语,whose为你唱一曲;whose指人又指物,所属关系要记住。
)【考点3】关系代词that 的用法【考点4】关系代词which【考点5】关系代词(that, which, whom)的省略(The omission of the relative pronouns):【考点6】as 的用法二、关系副词引导的定语从句【考点7】关系副词where【考点8】where一词引导的定语从句与状语从句。
【考点9】关系副词when【考点10】关系副词why三、判断关系代词与关系副词【考点11】关系代词与关系副词区别四、限制性和非限制性定语从句【考点12】非限制性定语从句Non-restrictive【考点13】as, which 非限定性定语从句五、介词+关系词(重点难点)【超级考点14】Prep.(介词)+ which/whom【考点15】介词+关系代词的结构拓展---Prep. + which/whom +to do…【考点16】名词(代词)+ of which/whom ( most of /both of/some of/ …+ which/whom)六、特例(Special ones):【考点17】分隔性定语从句(带有插入语的定语从句)。
高考英语考点专项突破12定语从句(含解析)
定语从句一、基础达标训练1.(2021·黑龙江鹤岗市·鹤岗一中高一月考)It was the park________he first met his wife.【答案】where【详解】考查定语从句。
句意:那是他第一次遇见他妻子的公园。
此处the park是先行词,在后面的定语从句中作地点状语,定语从句由关系副词where引导。
故填where。
2.(2021·全国高一专题练习)Library is always the first place ________ he goes to when he feels upset.【答案】that【详解】考查定语从句。
句意:当他感到不安时,图书馆总是去的第一个地方。
分析句子可知,空格引导定语从句,修饰place,先行词由序数词first修饰,在从句中作宾语,用关系代词that,故填that。
3.(2021·江苏镇江市·高一期末)Who is the person ________ is standing at the gate?【答案】that【详解】考查定语从句。
句意:站在校门口的那个人是谁?句中先行词是the person,后面定语从句中缺主语,而且先行词是人,可以使用that/who都可以。
因为本句前面已经有了who,为了避免重复,所以本句使用that 引导定语从句。
根据句意,故填that。
4.(2021·四川成都市·成都外国语学校高一期中)China’s Chang’e 5 lunar probe ________ landed on the moon has successfully brought moon samples back to earth.【答案】which【详解】考查定语从句。
句意:中国“嫦娥五号”月球探测器成功登陆月球,将月球样本带回地球。
此处为定语从句修饰先行词China’s Chang’e 5 lunar probe,先行词在从句中作主语,指物,故应用关系代词which。
2021年中考英语真题分项汇编 12 宾语从句和定语从句 专题 (2)
2021年中考真题英语分项汇编考点 1 宾语从句1.(2021·辽宁中考真题)—Can you tell me ______ Beijing?—Twice.A.how often you go to B.how soon you’ll go toC.how long you have been in D.how many times you have been to【答案】D【详解】句意:—你能告诉我你来北京几次吗?—两次。
考查宾语从句。
根据“Twice”可知,此处应询问去某地的次数,且用现在完成时have done的结构表示已经完成的动作,故选D。
2.(2021·辽宁锦州市·中考真题)—Could you tell me ______?—In two weeks.A.when you go to the movies B.how often you take exerciseC.how soon he will come back D.how long it will take you to get home【答案】C【详解】句意:—你能告诉我他多久会回来吗?—两周后。
考查宾语从句。
根据答语“In two weeks”可知,应用how soon引导宾语从句,故选C。
3.(2021·辽宁中考真题)—Uncle Li, I wonder ______ in Beijing.—The red autumn leaves of the Fragrant Hills(香山)are the most beautiful.A.when I can eat Beijing DuckB.what the weather is likeC.where I can enjoy the beautiful autumnD.how I can get to the Great Wall【答案】C【详解】句意:—李叔叔, 我想知道我在哪里可以享受到北京美丽的秋天。
2020年高考英语必考点全梳理专题12-定语从句(精讲深剖)(含解析)
专题12定语从句——精讲深剖1.(2019·江苏卷·单项填空) We have entered into an age _______ dreams have the best chance of coming true. A. which B. whatC. whenD. that【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句。
句意:我们已经进入到了一个时代,在这个时代梦想实现的机会最大。
句中先行词为an age (一个时代),且先行词在从句中做时间状语,所以关系词用when 。
故选C 。
2.(2019·天津卷·单项填空)11.Their child is at the stage__________ she can say individual words but not full sentences. A. whyB. whereC. whichD. what【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句。
句意:他们的孩子正处于能说单个单词而不能说完整句子的阶段。
句中she can say individual words but not full sentences 是一个定语从句,先行词是the stage ,关系词在定语从句中作地点状语,用关系副词where ,故选B 。
3.(2019·新课标I 卷·短文改错)One afternoon where I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground. 【答案】One afternoonwherewhenI was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground. 【解析】考查定语从句。
先行词one afternoon 表示时间在定语从句中作状语,所以关系词使用when 。
定语从句的用法归纳
定语从句的用法归纳定语从句的用法归纳你知道在英语中的定语从句是什么吗,那它的用法又是什么呢?以下是店铺为大家整理的定语从句的用法归纳,仅供参考,希望能够帮助大家。
一. 定义:定语由一个句子来充当,那么这个句子就叫做定语从句。
eg: 其中划线部分为定语从句。
二. 分类:分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句,还有间隔性定语从句。
(限制性定语从句)(非限制性定语从句)( 间隔性定语从句)注:定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句无逗号隔开、不可缺少、起修饰限制作用;而非限制性定语从句有逗号隔开、可有可无、起补充说明作用。
三. 构成:定语从句有先行词、引导词和从句构成。
先行词是定语从句所修饰限制的名词或代词。
引导词是用来引导定语从句的关系代词或关系副词。
eg: The old town has narrow streets and small houses that are built close to each other. 此句中先行词为:narrow streets and small houses, 引导词为:that,定语从句为:that are built close to each other四.基本原则定语从句中不能出现与先行词在意义上相一致的词与book指同一物,所以要去掉。
)五.定语从句中常见考点:考点一.关系代词和关系副词的.辨别1. 关系代词that(人、物),which(物)、who(m)(人)、whose(某人的,某物的)、as2. 关系副词when(表时间)、where(表地点)、why(表原因)注:关系副词可变为“介词+关系代词”结构(即:关系副词=介词+关系代词)。
eg:This is the mountain village where(=in which)I stayed last month.3. 怎样选择正确的关系代词或关系副词方法一:找出先行词和定语从句中动词,看定从中动词与先行词能否构成习惯搭配。
初中英语定语从句语法及考点归纳
定语从句定语从句(Attributive Clauses)通常皆放在它所修饰的名、代词之后,这种名、代词就叫做先行词。
引导定语从句的关联词为关系代词和关系副词。
1.关系代词引导的定语从句在下面几种情况下必须用关系代词that引导定语从句:(1) 先行词是不定代词all ,few, little, everything ,nothing anything, none等。
如:Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop?你在商店里有什么东西要买吗?(2) 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级。
如:This is the best movie I’ve ever seen.这是我看到过的最好的一部电影。
(3) 先行词被all, any ,every ,each, few, little, no ,some等修饰时。
如:I have read all the books(that )you gave me.我读了你给我的所有的书。
(4) 先行词被the only , the every ,the same, the last 修饰时。
如:He is the only person that I want to talk to .他就是我要谈话的那个人。
(5) 当并列的两个先行词分别表示人和物时。
如:They are talking about things and persons that they remembered. 他们在谈论他们所能回忆起来的人和事。
(6) 为避免重复,在以who或which开头的特殊疑问句中。
如:Who is the girl that is crying ?正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁?Which of the books that borrowed from the library is yours从图书馆借的哪一本书是你的?(7) 用作关系代词,修饰表示时间的名词如day, time , moment 代替when 。
2020年高考英语必考点全梳理专题12-定语从句(精讲深剖)(含解析)
专题12定语从句——精讲深剖1.(2019·江苏卷·单项填空) We have entered into an age _______ dreams have the best chance of coming true. A. which B. whatC. whenD. that【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句。
句意:我们已经进入到了一个时代,在这个时代梦想实现的机会最大。
句中先行词为an age (一个时代),且先行词在从句中做时间状语,所以关系词用when 。
故选C 。
2.(2019·天津卷·单项填空)11.Their child is at the stage__________ she can say individual words but not full sentences. A. whyB. whereC. whichD. what【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句。
句意:他们的孩子正处于能说单个单词而不能说完整句子的阶段。
句中she can say individual words but not full sentences 是一个定语从句,先行词是the stage ,关系词在定语从句中作地点状语,用关系副词where ,故选B 。
3.(2019·新课标I 卷·短文改错)One afternoon where I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground. 【答案】One afternoonwherewhenI was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground. 【解析】考查定语从句。
先行词one afternoon 表示时间在定语从句中作状语,所以关系词使用when 。
2021年高考英语语法核心考点复习:定语从句知识点
2021年高考英语语法核心考点复习:定语从句知识点在复合句中作定语的从句叫定语从句。
被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词,定语从句一般位于先行词之后,引导定语从句的词叫关系词,可分为关系代词和关系副词。
关系词放在先行词和定语从句之间,引导定语从句,同时它又作定语从句的一个成分。
使用什么样的关系词要根据先行词在定语从句中所作的句子成分而定。
关系代词在定语从句中作主语时不能省略,作宾语时在限定性定语从句中可省略,但如果直接置于介词之后作宾语,则不可省略。
关系代词which 或whom 在从句中作介词的宾语时,介词一般可放在 which 或whom之前,也可放在从句原来的位子上,在含有介词的动词固定词组中,介词只能放在原来位子上,而不放在 which 或whom 之前。
关系代词:1. who(指人,主格)在定语从句中who 作主语。
如:This is the doctor who saved the boy’s life.这就是救了那个男孩的医生。
The students who don’t study hard now will not work very well in the future.现在学习不努力的学生将来也不会很好地工作。
It is dangerous to let the children who aren’t old enough swim alone in the river.让那些年龄不够大的孩子们单独去河里游泳是危险的。
This is the girl who I think is a good student.这就是我认为是个好学生的那个女孩。
(此处关系词只能用主格who,原因是先行词the girl在定语从句中作了I think的宾语从句的主语,还原为: I think the girl is a good student.可知是在定语从句中作主语。
)2. whom(指人,宾格)在定语从句中作宾语。
高中英语定语从句考点大全
高中英语定语从句考点大全定语从句作为英语语法,在学习过程中属于中较难理解与掌握的部分,也正是由于其复杂程度较高、逻辑性较强、理解难度很大,屡屡让童鞋们在考试中丢分数、失信心、丧斗志!如果你对这一部分的内容不太熟悉的话,一定要好好看看这篇文章!概念定语可以由形容词、名词、代词、分词、不定式以及介词短语等来担任,也可以由一个句子来充当,充当定语功能的句子称为定语从句。
定语从句“三要素”1.先行词:被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词①指人的先行词②指物的先行词★先行词还可以是前面整个句子所叙述的事情。
He has passed the driving test, which surprises all of us. (which替代前面所叙述的事情) 先行词2.关系词:引导定语的词(1)关系词的作用①替代前面的先行词(替代作用)②连接主句和定语从句(连接作用)③在定语从句中作句子成分(成分作用)(2)关系词的分类①标准:根据关系词在从句中做的句子成分种类②关系代词:在从句中做主,宾,表,定(that/which/who/whom/whose/as)③关系副词:在从句中作状语(When/where/why)3.定语从句:用来做定语,修饰限定先行词的句子定语从句的分类1.限制性定语从句:对先行词起限定修饰作用。
He is a teacher who works at our school.2.非限制性定语从句:对先行词起补充说明作用(先行词与定语从句之间有逗号隔开)Beijing, which is the capital of China, is a beautiful city with a long history.比较:He has two sons, who work in the same company.(He has only two sons.)He has two sons who work in the same company.(Perhaps he has two more sons)定语从句的10个难点1.关系代词的省略(限定性定语从句)(1)关系代词在定语从句中作宾语She is the girl (whom / that) I loved before. (可以省略whom/that)(2)关系代词在定语从句中作表语He is no longer the boy (that) he used to be. (可以省略that)(3)关系代词作介词宾语,介词在从句句尾时可以省略Housing price is a problem (that/which) people are interested in.比较:Housing price is a problem in which people are interested.(此时只能用which且不能省略)2.先行词是人(that/who的区别)(1)用that的情况①以疑问词who开头的句子中Who is the man that is shouting there?②关系代词在从句中作表语时She is not the girl that she used to be.③先行词被the very, the right, the only修饰This is the very person that we are looking for.(2)用who的情况①先行词是one, ones, anybody, all, none, those 等Those who want to go to the cinema will have to wait at the gate of the school.②句子中有两个定语从句,一个用了that,另外一个用whoWho is the boy that won the gold medal?③在there be 结构中There are many young men who are against him.④在非限定性定语从句当中Tom, who is my best friend, has gone abroad to study.3.先行词是物(that / which的区别)(1)用which的情况①在非限定性定语从句中She lost the game, which depressed her greatly.②关系词置于介词之后,作宾语The pen with which you write is Jack’s.③先行词是that或定语从句中套定语从句,一个关系词用that,另一个用which.Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which is newly open to us.(2)用that的情况①先行词是不定代词如all, little, few, much,anything, everything, nothing, none, no one等She did all that she could to help us.②先行词被all, every, no, some, little, much, the only, he very, the right,the last等所修饰时This is the very book that I want.③先行词中既有人又有物时She described in her compositions the people and he places that impressed her most.④先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时This is the best book that I have ever read.This is the first film that I’ve seen since I came here.⑤定语从句中套定语从句,其中一个关系词以用which, 另外一个用thatHe built a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.⑥当主句的主语是疑问词which,另一个用thatWho is the person that is standing at the gate?4.As引导定语从句用法(1)As 既可以引导限制性定语从句也可以用于非限定性定句中充当主语,宾语,表语等。
备战高考英语考点21关系代词引导的定语从句(含解析)(2021年整理)
考点21 关系代词引导的定语从句高考频度:★★★★★【考点解读】定语从句在高考的基础知识方面的考查主要体现在单选题,语法填空及短文改错中,在单项选择中主要考查定语从句的一些基本用法,如常见关系词的选择,在选择的过程中,一定要注意限制性与非限制性定语从句的区别,定语从句与名词性从句,及状语从句的引导词的区别等,有时也会与其他修饰性的句型结构之间进行误导性考查,如与强调句性等,所以重点掌握的是从高考题中总结规律,达到熟练应用。
【高考预测】定语从句是历年高考的重点,主要考查常见关系代词和关系副词的用法,比如which/that/as/ when/where的用法及区别性的选择等,及与其他从句如名词性从句的区别等.在高考的中主要体现在语法填空,短文改错,完型填空等中,且完形填空80%每年会出一道题.考向一常见关系代词的基本用法1. that可指人或物;在定语从句中作主语,宾语,表语。
指人时,相当于who或 whom;指物时,相当于which。
不能引导非限制性定语从句;不可置于介词后作宾语。
2. which指物;在定语从句中作主语,宾语。
如:The book which/that was on the desk was bought by my father.(主语)3. who, whom, whose(1)who: 主格, 在从句中作主语,只可指人(2)whom:宾格,在从句中只能作宾语;只可指人(3)whose: 表所属关系,在从句中作定语。
译为:某人的,某物的(4)whose + 名词 =the + n。
+ of which (某物的) = he + n。
+ of whom (某人的)注意:① 关系代词作介词宾语 (在定语从句中,介词提前时,介词后:表人用 whom;表物用which)② 关系代词在定语从句中用作介词宾语时, 介词可放于从句之首,也可放于从句之末. 但以放于句首较为正式.(介词前置,必须注意不影响动词词组的含义.关系代词who 和 that 用作介词宾语时, 介词必须放在句末。
定语从句知识点归纳
定语从句复习一、语法知识归纳定语从句( Attributive Clause) 句子作定语叫做定语从句。
定语从句放在先行词之后。
Ⅰ定语从句的引导词:关系代词和关系副词。
1. 关系代词(Relative pronoun)Do you still remember the chicken farm (that) we visited three months ago?I live in the house whose window faces the street. (=I live in the house the window of which faces the street.)2. 关系副词We are living in an age when many things are done on computer.Ⅱ定语从句的分类:限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
限制性定语从句(一)限制性定语从句的基本特征:限制性定语从句对被修饰的先行词有限定制约作用,使该词的含义更具体,更明确。
限制性定语从句不能被省略,否则句意就不完整。
从句与先行词之间没有逗号。
He has two sons who work in the same company. (Perhaps he has more than two sons.)(二)限制性定语从句中关系代词的用法1. that, which当先行词指物,并且关系代词在定语从句中充当主语或宾语时,用which/that引导定语从句。
在限制性定语从句中有些情况下只能用关系代词that,不用which。
(1) 当先行词是不定代词all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, the one时。
You should hand in all that you have.(2) 当先行词前面被the only, the very, any, few, little, no, all等词修饰时。
备战2021年高考英语考点一遍过专题22关系副词引导的定语从句(含解析)
备战2021年高考英语考点一遍过专题22关系副词引导的定语从句(含解析)高考频度:★★★★★关系副词引导的定语从句1.关系副词when,where,why的先行词是表示时刻、地点或缘故(一样为reason)的名词,在从句中作状语。
有时可用"介词+which"结构替换。
☞I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.我还记得我第一次来北京的那天。
2.当定语从句中缺少主语或宾语时,即使先行词是表示时刻、地点和缘故的词仍用which/that。
☞Is this the reason (that) he explained for his rudeness at the meeting?这是他在会议上说明的无礼的缘故吗?3.当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词,如:point,situation,case,stage等,假如引导词在从句中作状语,常用关系副词where引导定语从句;假如不作状语,则用关系代词that/which。
☞The media can often help solve problems and draw attention to situations where help is needed.媒体经常能够关心解决问题,把注意力吸引到需要关心的情形。
关系代词和关系副词的选择用法依据依照从句谓语动词若是及物动词,后面若无宾语,用关系代词;若是不及物动词则用关系副词。
依照关系词在从句中作的成分把关系词放进定语从句中,若作主语或宾语用关系代词;作状语则用关系副词。
1.(2021·天津卷)We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, the weather may be better.A. thatB. whereC. whichD. when【参考答案】D【试题解析】句意:我们将把公园的野餐推迟到下个星期,那时天气可能会更好。
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定语从句21大核心考点(十二)定语从句(Attributive Clauses)定语从句(Attributive Clauses)定义:在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词(antecedent)。
定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。
关系词分类:由在从句中的地位划分上讲,引导词可分为三类:一.主语,宾语引导词.如: who , whom , that , which , as二 .定语引导词.如: whose三 .状语引导词.如: where , when , why(非常六加三,九个关系词)关系词的作用:一是引导从句;作为从句的重要标志.二是代替先行词, 被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词,先行词一般是名词和不定代词,如:some-, any-, every-和no与-boy,-thing的合成词;或all、none、any、some、that、those等代词。
数词也可以作先行词,人称代词也同样可作先行词; 三是在从句中充当成分,可充当主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语等。
关系词在从句子中充当了成分,其意思就是先行词的意义,所以在从句中不能重复其意。
解题技巧:牢记口诀:“一看是人还是物,二看介词在何处,三看句中作何用,四看是否属特殊”一、关系代词引导的定语从句【考点1】关系代词who & whom【考点2】关系代词whose (口诀:定从之中少定语,whose为你唱一曲;whose指人又指物,所属关系要记住。
)【考点3】关系代词that 的用法【考点4】关系代词which【考点5】关系代词(that, which, whom)的省略(The omission of the relative pronouns):【考点6】as 的用法二、关系副词引导的定语从句【考点7】关系副词where【考点8】where一词引导的定语从句与状语从句。
【考点9】关系副词when【考点10】关系副词why三、判断关系代词与关系副词【考点11】关系代词与关系副词区别四、限制性和非限制性定语从句【考点12】非限制性定语从句Non-restrictive【考点13】as, which 非限定性定语从句五、介词+关系词(重点难点)【超级考点14】Prep.(介词)+ which/whom【考点15】介词+关系代词的结构拓展---Prep. + which/whom +to do…【考点16】名词(代词)+ of which/whom ( most of /both of/some of/ …+ which/whom)六、特例(Special ones):【考点17】分隔性定语从句(带有插入语的定语从句)。
【考点18】特殊关系代词than & but七、定语从句与名词性从句的区别(先行词和关系词二合一)【考点19】whoever = anyone who 或those who【考点20】what/whatever; that/what; who/whoever八、定语从句的主谓一致【考点21】定语从句的主谓一致九、定语从句与六种易混句型巧区分十、【相似结构对比练】十一、【综合精炼】单项填空十二、定语从句改错40题十三、巧联定语从句十四、定语从句十大典型错误例析四、限制性和非限制性定语从句1) 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。
限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分,去掉它主句意思往往不明确;非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明,去掉了也不会影响主句的意思,它与主句之间通常用逗号分开,例如:This is the house which we bought last month.这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。
(限制性)The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮,是我们上个月买的。
(非限制性)2) 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时,其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的,例如:Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理·史密斯去年退休了,他曾经是我的老师。
My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。
This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人,我已经读了三遍。
3) 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数,例如:He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思,这使我心烦。
Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽,这就叫做蒸发。
【说明】:1、关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。
2、在非限制性定语从句关系代词不能省略。
【经典对比】:1. She has a son who is a doctor.她有一个当医生的儿子。
(不止一个)She has a son,who is a doctor.她有一个儿子,是当医生的。
(仅有一个)2.He said nothing that made her angry.他没说使她生气的话。
He said nothing,which made her angry.他没吭声,她非常生气。
= He said nothing and that made her angry.【考点12】非限制性定语从句Non-restrictive【考例】1.You can find whatever you need at the shopping centre, ___ is always busy at the weekend.(上海卷06春-37)A. thatB. whereC. whatD. which2.John said that he'd been working in the office for an hour,___ was true.(上海卷2000春)A. heB. thisC. whichD. who3.The weather turned out to be very cold, ____ was more than we could expected.(94)A. whatB. whichC. thatD. it4.In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30 p.m., ____many people have gone home.(上海’95)A.whose time B.that C.on which D.by which time5.Wilma became the first American woman to win 3 Olypic gold medals in track, ___ made her mother very proud. (91上海)A. itB. thatC. whichD. this6. He was very rude to the customs officer, ____ of course made things even worse. (98上海)A. whoB. whomC. whatD. which7.(天津卷04-23)Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others , ___ , of course , made the others envy him .A. whoB. thatC. whatD. which8.(07湖南卷)32.By serving others, a person focuses on someone other than himself or herself, ___________ can be very eye-opening and rewarding. A.who B.which C.what D.that【答案与简析】1-5 DCBDC 6 DDB3.先行词5:30 p.m.与time之间是一种同位关系,可用which来作定语替代。
从句中的完成状态,常与by短语连用,故选D。
【超链接】I.1.that不能用来引导非限制性定语从句2.除which外,还可用when where whose whom等引导非限制性定语从句,且各自的用法及差异与它们用在限制性定语从句时相同。
如:Next month, when you’ll spend your summer holidays in your hometown, is approaching.下个月即将来临,届时你们将在家乡度暑假。
(关系副词when指代表示时间的名词next month,并作从句的状语。
)She is going to live in Macao, where she has some close friends.(关系副词where指代表示地点的名词Macao,她要到澳门去居住,在那里她有几个密友。
并在从句中作状语。
)3.在非限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词不能省略。
如:He was eager to go to the hospital to see his stepmother, whom he loved as his own mother.他迫切地想到医院去看望他继母,他把继母当自己的亲妈妈一样爱戴。
4.非限制性定语从句的关系代词which,既可以指代前面的先行词,也可以指代前面整句的含义。
5.修饰先行主句时as和which的差异从句置于句首时,非限制性定语从句只能用as引导,而置于句末时,as和which都行。
II.非限制性定语从句的五个“不能”一、非限制性定语从句通常不能用that引导。
如:1. I like the book, which was bought yesterday. 我喜欢这本书,这是昨天买的。
2. I like the book which / that was bought yesterday. 我喜欢昨天买的那本书。