牛津中小学英语语法汇编(教材版)
牛津中小学英语语法汇编(教材版)
牛津中小学英语语法汇编(教材版)目录第一部分小学1A-6B语法汇编 (4)第一节可数名词与不可数名词 (4)第二节名词所有格 (5)第三节定冠词 (6)第四节并列连词 (7)第五节介词 (8)第六节时态 (9)第七节一般疑问句 (12)第八节特殊疑问句 (13)第九节Like的用法 (15)第十节形容词的比较级和最高级 (15)第十一节情态动词 (18)第十二节时间表达法 (19)第十三节需要掌握知识点 (20)第二部分牛津英语7A-7B语法汇编 (21)第一节7A特殊疑问句 (21)第二节7A不定冠词的用法 (23)第三节7A一般现在时 (23)第四节7A频度副词 (24)第五节7A名词的分类 (24)第六节7A there be 句型的用法 (25)第七节7A形容词的用法 (25)第八节7A一般将来时 (26)第九节7A if条件状语从句 (26)第十节7A一般过去时 (27)第十一节7A人称代词 (27)第十二节7A物主代词 (28)第十三节7B顺序副词 (28)第十四节7B情态动词的用法 (28)第十五节7B形容词的比较级 (29)第十六节7B掌握序数词的变化及其用法 (31)第十七节7B一般疑问句 (31)第十八节7B连词and, so,but的用法 (32)第十九节7B much、more与most的用法 (33)第三部分牛津英语8A-8B语法汇编 (34)第一节8A祈使句 (34)第二节8A数字加减乘除常用表示法 (34)第三节8A指示代词this, that, these, those的用法 (35)第四节8A现在进行时 (35)第四节8B现在完成时的重点和难点 (36)第五节8B被动语态“三步曲” (38)第六节8B直接引语变间接引语 (39)牛津英语9A-9B语法汇编 (41)第一节9A接动词不定式的动词 (41)第二节9A接动名词的动词 (42)第三节9A现在完成时 (42)第四节9A被动语态 (42)第五节9B过去进行时的用法 (42)第六节9B 定于从句的用法 (42)第七节9B When 和while 的用法 (46)第一部分小学1A-6B语法汇编第一节可数名词与不可数名词一、可数名词可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。
牛津小学英语语法点汇总
牛津小学英语语法点汇总(总10页)-CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1-CAL-本页仅作为文档封面，使用请直接删除语法及练习1 be动词Be 动词的用法：(1) Am--was Is --was Are--were 口诀：我用am, 你用are, is用在他她它，复数全用are。
(2) 肯定和否定句 I am (not) from London. He is(not) a teacher. She is(not) in the dining room. My hair is(not) long. Her eyes are(not) small.(3) 一般疑问句Am I a Chinese Yes, you are. No, you aren’t. Are they American Yes, they are. No, they aren’t. Is the cat fat Yes, it is. No, it isn’t.用恰当的be动词填空。
1. I ______ a boy. ______ you a boy No, I _____ not.2. The girl______ Jack's sister.3. The dog _______ tall and fat.4. The man with big eyes _______ a teacher.5. ______ your brother in the classroom6. Where _____ your mother She ______ at home.7. How _______ your father8. Mike and Liu Tao ______ at school.9. Whose dress ______ this10. Whose socks ______ they11. That ______ my red skirt.12. Who ______ I13.The jeans ______ on the desk.14. Here ______ a scarf for you.15. Here ______ some sweaters for you.16. The black gloves ______ for Su Yang.17. This pair of gloves ______ for Yang Ling.18. The two cups of milk _____ for me.19. Some tea ______ in the glass.20. Gao shan's shirt _______ over there.21. My sister's name ______Nancy.22. This ______ not Wang Fang's pencil.23. ______ David and Helen from England24. There ______ a girl in the room.25. There ______ some apples on the tree.`26. _______ there any kites in the classroom27. _______ there any apple juice in the bottle28. There _______ some bread on the plate.29. There _______ a boy, two girls, three men and ten women in the park.30. You, he and I ______ from China.语法及练习2 人称代词和物主代词人称代词和物主代词1．人称代词主格和宾格的区别：主格通常位于句中第一个动词之前（有时候位于than 之后），宾格一般位于动词或介词之后。
小学牛津英语语法大全精心整理版
小学牛津英语语法大全第1讲字母......................... ................................................. (01)第2讲语音......................... ................................................. . (06)第3讲名词......................... ................................................. . (07)第4讲冠词......................... ................................................. (09)第5讲代词......................... ................................................. (10)第6讲形容词......................................................................... . (12)第7讲副词......................... ................................................. (13)第8讲介词......................... ................................................. (13)第9讲数词......................... ................................................. (15)第10讲连词......................... ................................................. (16)第11讲动词......................... ................................................. (17)第12讲一般现在时................................................................ (18)第13讲现在进行时................................................................ .. (19)第14讲一般过去时................................................................ .. (19)第15讲一般将来时................................................................ .. (20)第16讲句法......................................................................... . (21)第17讲听力......................... ................................................. . (23)第18讲话题......................... ................................................. . (24)第19讲构词法...................................................................... .. (26)第20讲英美文化识............................................................. . (27)第1讲字母1. 英语中共有26个字母。
苏教版牛津小学英语语法点汇总
语法及练习1 be动词Be 动词的用法：(1) Am--was Is --was Are--were 口诀：我用am, 你用are, is用在他她它，复数全用are。
(2) 肯定和否定句I am (not) from London. He is(not) a teacher. She is(not) in the dining room. My hair is(not) long. Her eyes are(not) small.(3) 一般疑问句Am I a Chinese? Yes, you are. No, you aren’t. Are they American? Yes, they are. No, they aren’t. Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it isn’t. 用恰当的be动词填空。
1. I ______ a boy. ______ you a boy? No, I _____ not.2. The girl______ Jack's sister.3. The dog _______ tall and fat.4. The man with big eyes _______ a teacher.5. ______ your brother in the classroom?6. Where _____ your mother? She ______ at home.7. How _______ your father?8. Mike and Liu Tao ______ at school.9. Whose dress ______ this?10. Whose socks ______ they?11. That ______ my red skirt.12. Who ______ I?13.The jeans ______ on the desk.14. Here ______ a scarf for you.15. Here ______ some sweaters for you.16. The black gloves ______ for Su Yang.17. This pair of gloves ______ for Yang Ling.18. The two cups of milk _____ for me.19. Some tea ______ in the glass.20. Gao shan's shirt _______ over there.21. My sister's name ______Nancy.22. This ______ not Wang Fang's pencil.23. ______ David and Helen from England?24. There ______ a girl in the room.25. There ______ some apples on the tree.26. _______ there any kites in the classroom?27. _______ there any apple juice in the bottle?28. There _______ some bread on the plate.29. There _______ a boy, two girls, three men and ten women in the park.30. You, he and I ______ from China.语法及练习2 人称代词和物主代词人称代词和物主代词1．人称代词主格和宾格的区别：主格通常位于句中第一个动词之前（有时候位于than 之后），宾格一般位于动词或介词之后。
小学牛津英语语法大全精心整理版
小学牛津英语语法年夜全之蔡仲巾千创作第1讲字母......................... ................................................. (01)第2讲语音......................... ................................................. . (06)第3讲名词......................... ................................................. . (07)第4讲冠词......................... ................................................. (09)第5讲代词......................... ................................................. (10)第6讲形容词......................................................................... . (12)第7讲副词......................... ................................................. (13)词......................... ................................................. (13)第9讲数词......................... ................................................. (15)第10讲连词......................... ................................................. (16)第11讲动词......................... ................................................. (17)第12讲一般现在时................................................................ (18)第13讲现在进行时................................................................ .. (19)第14讲一般过去时................................................................ .. (19)第15讲一般将来时................................................................ .. (20)法......................................................................... . (21)第17讲听力......................... ................................................. . (23)第18讲话题......................... ................................................. . (24)第19讲构词法...................................................................... .. (26)第20讲英美文化识............................................................. . (27)第1讲字母1. 英语中共有26个字母.Aa, Ee, Ii, Oo, Uu是元音字母, Yy 是半元音字母, 其余是辅音字母.英语单词就是由这26个字母组合而成的.Aa和Ii可以自力成词, 分别暗示“一个（张……）”和“我”的意思, Ii翻译成“我”时要年夜写.2. 英语字母可以分为印刷体和书写体.在书.报.杂志上见到的一般都是印刷体.在四线三格上书写时应注意书写位置, 可以记住以下口诀：年夜写字母不顶格, 小写字母占满格.书写时还要注意字母的笔顺.3. 英语句子的第一个单词的首字母要年夜写.单词与单词之间在书写时必需坚持适当的距离, 一般以空出一个小写字母的宽度为宜.句子的末尾要有标点符号.4. 英语中的句号是一个实心圆点(.), 省略号是三个居下的实心圆点（…）, 英语中没有顿号和书名号, 顿号用逗号替代, 书名用斜体字暗示.5. 英语缩写词6.26个英语字母依照相同的元音因素进行归类第2讲语音1. 音素：语音的最小单位.2. 元音：发音时气流不受阻碍.元音分为单位音和双元音两类.单位音发音时唇形和舌位不变；双元音发音时由一个元音向另一个元音滑动, 唇形和舌位有一个变动过程, 且前重后轻, 前长后短.3. 辅音：发音时气流受到阻碍.辅音分为清辅音和浊辅音两类.清辅音发音时声带不振动；浊辅音发音时声带振动.4. 音标：用来记录音素的符号.为了防止与字母混淆, 音标被放在斜括号/ /内.5. 英语中的一个字母或字母组合在分歧的单词中发音可能是纷歧样的, 而相同的发音对应的字母或字母组合也可能不完全相同.6. 开音节：以元音字母结尾或以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母再加不发音的e结尾（r除外）的音节.元音字母在开音节中读长音, 即该字母的名称音.闭音节：以一个或几个辅音字母（r除外）结尾.元音字母在闭音节中读短音.第3讲名词名词是指暗示人和事物名称的词, 可以分为专有名词和普通名词两年夜类.1. 专有名词：特定的人.处所.机构等专有的名称.第一个字母通常要年夜写.e.g. Jim Green, New York, Bank of China, Peking University星期.月份.节日.学科.报刊名也是专有名词.e.g. Monday, May, Christmas, Spring Festival, Maths, China Daily2. 普通名词：暗示一类人或物或笼统概念的名称.普通名词又可以分为四类:个体名词——暗示某类人或工具中的个体, 如：student , desk集体名词——暗示若干个体组成的集合体, 如：class , family物质名词——暗示无法分为个体的物质名称, 如：water , rice , sand, hair笼统名词——暗示情感, 状态, 品质等笼统名称, 如：love , carelessness个体名词和集体名词大都可以用数目来计算, 称为可数名词, 有单.复数形式；物质名词和笼统名词通常无法用数目计算, 称为不成数名词, 一般只有一种形式.注意：① 集体名词被看作一个整体时, 表达双数概念.e.g.His family was well known in the town.他家在镇里是名门望族.② 集体名词被看作若干个体的集合时, 表达复数概念.e.g.His family are waiting for him.她的家人正在等他③ 集体名词表达多个集体时, 也有复数形式.e.g.Our village is made up of300families.我们村有300户人家.3.可数名词复数形式的构陈规则：① 一般名词在末尾直接加s, 清辅音后读/ s /, 浊辅音和元音后读/ z /e.g. book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds② 以s.x.sh.ch结尾, 加es, 读/ IZ /e.g. bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches③ 以辅音字母+y结尾, 变y为i, 再加es, 读/ z /e.g. baby-babies, library-libraries, factory-factories④ 以f或fe结尾, 变f或fe为v, 再加es, 读/ vz /e.g. thief－thieves, knife－knives⑤ 以o结尾, 暗示无生命的物体时加s, 暗示有生命的物体时, 加es, 都读/ z /e.g. photo-photos, piano-pianos, radio-radios, zoo-zoospotato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes, mango-mangoes, hero-heroes⑥ 不规则变动e.g. man－men woman－women policeman－policemenchild－children mouse－mice ox－oxenfoot－feet tooth－teeth goose－geesefish－fish sheep－sheep deer－deer▲ fish暗示鱼的数量时, 单复数同形；暗示鱼的种类时, 复数为fishes.4. 不成数名词一般只有原形, 没有复数形式, 可是可以借助量词暗示一定的数量.如果表达两个或两个以上的概念时, 量词需要用复数形式, 不成数名词不变.e.g. a bottle of water , a cup of coffee, two glasses of milk , five bags of rice▲ 这种形式用于可数名词时, 量词和可数名词都要用复数.e.g. ten baskets of eggs5. 既可用作可数, 又可用作不成数的名词：不成数可数glass 玻璃 a glass 一只玻璃杯paper 纸 a paper 一份报纸.论文.文件iron 铁 a iron 一个熨斗wood 木头 a wood 一片森林beauty 美 a beauty 一个美人room 空间 a room 一个房间6. 名词所有格① 在英语中, 有些名词可以加’s来暗示所有关系, 带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格.年夜大都暗示有生命的工具.e.g. Tom's book② 如果复数名词末尾已有s, 就直接加’. e.g. the teachers' office③ 如果一些物品为两者共有, 只需在后一个名词后加’s ；如果为各自所有, 则需在每个名词后加’s.e.g. Lucy and Lily's bedroom.（Lucy 和 Lily共用一个卧室）Lucy's and Lily's bedrooms.（Lucy 和 Lily分别拥有各自的卧室）④ 暗示无生命的物体的名词所有格, 一般与of短语连用.e.g. a map of the world , a photo of my family⑤ 双重所有格：把of所有格和’s所有格结合在一起暗示所有关系.e.g. a friend of my father's第4讲冠词冠词一般用在名词的前面, 对名词起限定作用, 不能离开名词独自存在.1. 不定冠词a, an用在双数可数名词前面, 泛指一类人或物中的任何一个.① a用于辅音音素开头的名词之前.e.g. a bed, a computer, a “U”② an用于元音音素开头的名词之前. e.g. an egg, an umbrella, an hour2. 定冠词the用在双数或复数可数名词前, 也可用在不成数名词前.① 暗示特指的人或物前.e.g. The man with a flower in his hand is Jack.② 指说话人双方都知道的人或物前.e.g. Lily,close the door,please.③ 在上文提到过, 第二次又提到的人或物前.④暗示世界上唯一无二的事物前.e.g. The sun is bigger than the moon.⑤用在序数词前面.e.g. It is the first day of the new term.⑥用在乐器名称前.e.g. He often plays the violin at weekends.⑦用在形容词最高级前.e.g. Spring is the best season in a year.⑧用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前.e.g. I went to the Great Wall last week.⑨用在国家名称的缩写前.e.g. He is from the UK. （英国）3. 零冠词：名词前不用冠词的情况.在季节.月份.星期.节假日.三餐.球类或棋类运动前, 通常不用冠词.e.g. have breakfast , play basketball, play chess第5讲代词1、人称代词：暗示“我、你、他、她、它、我们、你们、他们”的词.2、物主代词：暗示所有关系的代词叫物主代词.①形容词性物主代词后面一般要带上名词.如：my watch, his cousin, our school②名词性物主代词自己就可以看作是名词, 故其后不能再加名词, 可独自使用.e.g. —Is that your bike？—No. Mine is blue.3. 不定代词：没有明确指定取代某个（些）人或物的词叫不定代词.(1)some和any都暗示“一些”, 既可以修饰可数名词, 也可以修饰不成数名词.① some多用在肯定句中, any多用在否定句和疑问句中.② 在暗示邀请和希望对方给予肯定回答的疑问句中也要用some. （2）both和all① both暗示“两个都……”, 只指代或修饰可数名词.e.g. We are both policemen.（强调两人）② all暗示“三个或三个以上都……”, 既可指代或修饰可数名词, 也可指代或修饰不成数名词. e.g. They are all in the room.（至少三人）（3）many和much都暗示“许多”, many修饰可数名词, much修饰不成数名词.（4）each和everyeach强调个人, 指两个或两个以上的人或事物中的“每个”；every是指许多人或事物的“全体”, 与all的意思相近.e.g. I‟ll buy a present for each of her parents. 我要为她的父母每人买一件礼物.Every book in his study is interesting. 他书房里的每本书都很有趣.（5）other 作形容词时意思是“其他的”, 指尚未提到的部份, 其后一般接复数名词.e.g. We study Chinese, English, Maths and other subjects.（6）something和everything① something 某事；某物 e.g. I want something to drink.② everything 一切事物；每样事物 e.g. Tell me everything about you.（7）nobody 没有人 e.g. She likes nobody and nobody likes her.4、疑问代词：用来表达疑问或构成疑问句的代词, 一般放在疑问句的句首.5. 指示代词① this（这个）.these（这些）暗示在时间上或空间上较近的人或物.② that（那个）.those（那些）暗示在时间上或空间上较远的人或物.第6讲形容词形容词用来修饰名词或代词, 暗示人或事物的性质.状态和特征.它的位置通常放在被修饰的名词前, 也可以放在be动词和look.feel.taste.sound.get之后.在英语中, 形容词有三个品级, 即原级.比力级和最高级.1. 暗示两者“同等”时用原级, 结构为：as＋原级＋as, 暗示“xx和xx一样……”e.g. Are you as tall as your twin sister?其否定形式结构为：not＋as＋原级＋as, 暗示“xx和xxx纷歧样……”e.g. I‟m not as tall as you.2. 暗示两者“比力”时用比力级, 结构为：比力级＋than, 暗示“xx比xxx更……”e.g. He‟s one year younger than me.形容词比力级的构陈规则：① 一般在词尾加ere.g. taller, longer, stronger, younger② 以字母e结尾, 只加r e.g. late－later, nice－nicer③ 以辅音字母＋y结尾, 变y为i, 再加ere.g. heavy－heavier④ 双写末尾的辅音字母, 再加ere.g. fat－fatter, thin－thinner, big－bigger⑤ 双音节和多音节词的比力级, 在原级前加moree.g. more beautiful, more careful⑥ 不规则变动e.g. good-better, many / much-more, far-farther, bad / ill-worse3. 三个或三个以上的人或物进行比力, 用形容词最高级.结构为：the + 形容词最高级＋in/of等暗示范围的短语, 暗示“最……”.e.g. Autumn is the best season in New York.She is the tallest girl of our three.第7讲副词1. 副词是一种用来修饰动词或形容词的词, 说明时间.水平.方式等概念.年夜大都副词都可以放在动词后面.e.g. dance beautifully, listen carefully, sit quietly, speak loudly, very happy2. 副词的比力级变动规则与形容词比力级基秘闻同, 以ly结尾的副词一般用more.e.g. more carefully , more quietly第8讲介词介词又叫前置词, 是一种用来暗示词与词.词与句之间关系的词, 它一般放在名词.代词（宾格）或动词（动词ing形式）前面.1. in① 在……里面.如：in the classroom② in＋颜色, 穿戴……颜色的衣服.如：Who's the man in white?③ in＋语言, 用某种语言说.如：What's this in English?④ 在上午.下午.晚上.如：in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening⑤ 在年.月.季节前.如：in 2008, in August, in summer⑥ 在国家.城市和较年夜的处所前.如：in China, in Wuxi, in the playground⑦ 固定搭配. 如：in the middle of（在……中间）, do well in（擅长）, in the day（在白天）, take part in（介入）, stay in bed（躺在床上）, in the street（在街上）2. on①在……上面. 如：on the desk②用在某一天（上.下午）前.如：on the 5th of May, onSu nday, on Monday morning ③以Day结尾的节日前.如： on Children's Day, on New Year's Day④固定搭配.如：on foot（步行）, on duty（值日）, put on （穿上）, get on（上车） turn on（翻开）, on the right / left（在右边/左边）, on the wall (在墙上),on Zhongshan Road（在中山路上）注意：树上长的水果用on the tree；不是树上长的外来物用in the tree.如：I can see a lot of apples on the tree. There is a boy in the tree.3. at①在某个时刻前.如：at seven o'clock②在传统节日前.如：at Spring Festival, at Mid-Autumn Festival, at Christmas③在较小的地址.如：at the bus stop④固定搭配.如：at once（立刻, 马上）, be good at（擅长……）, look at（看）,at home（在家）, at school（在学校）, at weekends （在周末）,at the back of（在……后部）, at night（在夜晚）4. under 在……下面如：There is a cat under the table.5. behind 在……后面如：There is an umbrella behind the door.6. near 靠近……如：There is a park near my house.7.beside 在……旁边如：The students are standing beside the teacher.8.next to 紧靠……旁边如：The teachers‟ office is nextto our classroom.9.before （时间上）在……之前如： before class（上课前）10.after （时间上）在……之后；依照固定搭配： after class（课后）, after school（放学后）, look after（照看）,run after（追赶）, read after me（跟我读）11.between 在两者之间如：There are some trees between Building A andBuilding B. 12.by 乘某种交通工具如：by bus, by plane, by the way（顺便说一下）①be from = come from（来自……）如：Mr Smiths is/comes from Australia. ②from…to…（从……到……）We go to school from Monday to Friday.14.to 到.去…… 如：Let's go to the zoo. 固定搭配：write to（给xx写信）15.about 关于；年夜约如: I want to buy a book about animals. It's about one kilometer away.16.for 为.给…… 如：Here's a letter for you. What's for breakfast?固定搭配：look for （寻找）, wait for（等待）①与……一起.如：I'll go shopping with my mother. ②具有某种特征.如：Who's the boy with big eyes?③help... with... 在某方面帮手某人如： Can you help me with my English?④play with... 和……一起玩；拿……玩如：play with me, play with a yo-yo18.in front of 在……前面in the front of 在……前部19.along 沿着, 顺着如：Go along this street.20.as 作为如：What would you like as a birthday present?21.out of 从……出来；往……之外如：The dog is running out of the house.22.of ……的, 属于…… 如：a map of China , a map of the world23.off 离开, 在……之外如：keep off the grass（勿踏草坪), get off（下车）24.up 向上如：stand up（起立）, pull up carrots（拔胡萝卜）25.down 向下如：sit down（坐下）, jump up and down（上下跳）第9讲数词1、基数词：暗示数目几多.注意：数字“0”可以读作“zero”, 也可以读作字母“o”.2、序数词：暗示顺序先后.基数词变序数词记忆口诀：一.二.三, 需要记, 八去t, 九省e, ve结尾时, f来取代, ty结尾时, y变ie, 再加th, 若是几十几, 前基后序别忘记.第10讲连词连词, 顾名思义, 是一种起连接作用的词.1.and “和”, 暗示并列关系.2.but “可是”, 暗示转折关系.3.or “还是”, 暗示选择关系.注意：在疑问句或否定句中, 当暗示并列关系时, 不用and, 而用or.4.than “比”, 暗示比较关系.5.because “因为”, 暗示因果关系.6.so “所以”, 暗示结果关系.如：she didn‟t go to school yesterday.第11讲动词动词是暗示举措或行为的词.按其词义和在句子中的作用可以分为连系动词.助动词.情态动词和行为动词.1.be动词（am, is, are）① be动词做谓语时, 要与主语在人称和数上坚持一致.用法口诀: 我用am, 你用are, is 用在他.她.它, 复数全用are.② be动词的否定形式：am not(无缩写形式), is not＝isn't, are not=aren't2.助动词(do, does, did)① do, does用于一般现在时, does用于第三人称双数, 其他人称和数用do.其过去式did用于一般过去时.他们通经常使用在疑问句和否定句中.助动词后动词要用原形.② 否定形式：do not = don't, does not =doesn't, didnot=didn't3.情态动词（can, may, must, should, will, would, shall等）情态动词暗示说话人对某一举措或状态的态度, 暗示“可能”, “可以”, “需要”,“必需”, “应当”等意思.情态动词没有人称和数的变动, 后面的动词要用原形.1）can和may都可以用来暗示请求或允许, 但may比can更正式, 更客气些.如： Can I use your pen? May I come in？2）must和should① must意为“必需, 应当”, 含有一种命令的语气, 比力生硬, 不容商量.② should意为“应当, 应该”, 暗示建议或劝告, 语气比力委婉, 客气.如：You must finish your homework before you go to bed.You should stay in bed and have a good rest.3）will和would用于疑问句, 暗示说话人向对方提出请求或询问, 用would比will更委婉, 更客气.如：Will you pleaseopen the window？ Would you like some coffee?注意区别：I'd like…我想要……（接名词）如：I'd like some tea.I'd like to…我想要做……（接动词原形）如：I'd like to go with you.I like… 我喜欢……（接名词或动名词）如：I like monkeys.I like reading.4） shall 在问句中暗示征求对方的意见, 主要用于第一人称.如：Shall we go there by bus?5）否定形式：can't, may not, mustn't, shouldn't, wouldn't, shall not行为动词也叫实意动词, 是具有实际意义的动词.如run（跑）, jump（跳）, listen（听）,sing（唱）,eat （吃）,think（想）等.行为动词在句子中有人称和时态的变动.在英语中, 分歧时间里发生的举措或存在的状态, 需要用分歧的动词形式来暗示, 这就叫时态.第12讲一般现在时1.界说：暗示经常发生或习惯性的举措.状态.句中通常有usually, often, every day, sometimes, always, at weekends, on Sundays等暗示经常性时间的短语.2.构成：1）当谓语是be动词时, 一般现在时的构成：主语＋be动词＋其他如：I am a student. He is Jim's father. They are from Japan.2）当谓语是行为动词时, 一般现在时的构成：①主语（非第三人称双数）＋动词原形＋其他②主语（第三人称双数）＋动词的第三人称双数形式＋其他3、动词三单形式的变动规则：4、一般现在时的句型转换：肯定句否定句一般疑问句及回答They watch TV They don't watch TV —Dothey watch TV everyevery day. every day. day?—Yes, they do. / No, theydon't.She watches TV evey day. She doesn't watchTV every day.—Does watch TV every day?—Yes, she does. / No, shedoesn't.第13讲现在进行时1.界说：暗示现在或现阶段正在进行或发生的举措.句中常有now, look, listen等词. 如：I am washing clothes now.Look! Liu Tao is climbing the tree.Listen! Jane is singing in the music room.2.构成：be动词（am/is/are）+ 动词现在分词（V-ing）3. 动词现在分词构成：4.动名词其实就是动词的现在分词, 它既有名词性质（可作主语）, 又有动词性质（可带宾语）.如：Asking the wayMy hobby is collecting stamps.He is good at skating.5、现在进行时的句型转换：肯定句否定句一般疑问句及回答He is running now. He isn't running now. —Is he running now? —Yes, he is. / No,he isn'tThey are making a puppet. They aren't making apuppet.—Are they making a puppet?—Yes, they are. / No, they aren't. 第14讲一般过去时1.界说：暗示过去某个时间里发生的举措或存在的状态.常和暗示过去的时间状语连用.如：a moment ago, just now, yesterday, last week, this morning等.如：My brother often went to school by bike last term.2.构成：主语＋动词的过去式＋其他3.动词过去式的变动规则肯定句否定句一般疑问句及回答HewatchedTVyesterday. He didn't watched TVyesterday.—Did he watch TV yesterday?—Yes, he did. / No,he didn't.They played games just now.They didn't play gamesjust now.—Did they play games just now?—Yes, they did. / No, they didn't. 第15讲一般将来时1.界说：暗示将要发生的举措或存在的状态, 以及筹算.计划或准备某事.句中一般含有暗示将来的时间状语, 如：tomorrow morning, next week, this afternoon等暗示将来的时间状语.2.构成：① be gong to +动词原形如：I am going to see a Beijing opera tomorrow.We are going to meet at bus stop at half past ten.Dad and I are going to see a Beijing opera this afternoon.② will +动词原形如：They will go swimming this afternoon.3.be going to 和will 区别：① be going to暗示经过事先安插.筹算或决定要做的事情, 基本上一定会发生；will则暗示有可能去做, 但纷歧定发生, 也常暗示说话人的临时决定.如：I am going to take part in a party this evening.They are cleaning the library now. I‟ll go and join them.②be going to暗示近期或眼下就要发生的事情；will暗示的将来时间则较远一些.如：He is going to write a letter tomorrow. I will meet her one day.③ be go ing to还可以用来暗示有迹象标明某件事将要发生, 经常使用于天气等自然现象.如：Look! It‟s going to rain.将来时的句型转换肯定句否定句一般疑问句及回答She is going to have a picnic tomorrow. She isn't going to have apicnic tomorrow.—Is she going to have a picnictomorrow?—Yes, she is. / No, she isn't.They will go swimming this afternoon. They willnot(won't) goswimming this afternoon.—Will they goswimmingthisafternoon?—Yes, they will. / No, they won't.第16讲句法说明事实或陈说说话人观点的句子.基本结构：主语＋谓语＋其他1）肯定陈说句 We all like pandas very much.2）否定陈说句 He doesn't do housework at weekends.3）肯定陈说句改否定陈说句①一般是在be动词或情态动词后加not.Mary was at school yesterday. —> Mary was not at school yesterday.I can make a model plane. —>I can not make a model plane.②不含be动词或情态动词的, 行为动词前要用助动词的否定式（don't, doesn't, didn't）, 后面跟动词的原形.He likes drawing pictures.—>He doesn't like drawing pictures.I went to the park yesterday. —>I didn't go to the park yesterday.4）陈说句改一般疑问句①有be动词或情态动词的, 把be动词或情态动词提前.Mary was at school yesterday. —> Was Mary at school yesterday?I can make a model plane. —> Can you make a model plane?②不含be动词或情态动词的句子, 借助助动词开头, 动词还原成原形.He likes drawing pictures.—>Does he like drawing pictures.I went to the park yesterday. —>Did you go to the park yesterday?用来提出问题, 询问情况的句子, 末尾用问号.1）一般疑问句：一般疑问句经常使用来询问一件事是否属实, 通常以be动词, 助动词或情态动词开头, 用yes或no来回答, 因此又叫是非疑问句, 通常读升调.—Is Mr Green from the UK? —Yes, he is. / No, he isn't.—Do you have any hobbies? —Yes, I do. / No, I don't.—Can you play the guitar? —Yes, I can. / No, I can't. 2）特殊疑问句：以特殊疑问词引导, 要求回答具体问题, 不能用yes或no来回答.—How do you go to work every day? —I go to work by car.3）选择疑问句：提供两种或两种以上情况, 让对方选择, 往往用or连接.—Would you like some tea or coffee? —Some coffee, please.4）反意疑问句：反意疑问句是由陈说句和附在其后的附加疑问句组成.—It's a fine day, isn't it? — Yes ,it is.暗示请求或命令他人做某事或不做某事.1）用于第二人称, 通常省略you.①肯定祈使句：Open the door, please.②否定祈使句：Don't be late again.2）用于第一人称和第三人称, 通常以let（let后跟宾格）或shall开头.Let me have a look. Let's play a game now. Let him go home now.Shall we meet at one thirty in front of the Garden Theatre?表达喜怒哀乐等强烈感情, 句尾经常使用感叹号（!）, 语气用降调.1）what + 名词或名词性短语What a big garden (it is)!What an interesting storybook (it is) !What lovely weather (it is)!What pretty girls (they are)!2）how +形容词或副词＋主语＋动词How nice!How beautiful the flowers are!How tall Yao Ming is!5.there be 句型暗示在某地有某人或某物.1）主语是双数, be动词用is(was)；主语是复数, be动词用are(were).There is some milk in the fridge.There are some peaches in the basket.2）如果有几个分歧的人或物并列存在, be动词根据最靠近的那个名词而定.There isThere are3）there be句型和have/has区别：there be句型暗示某地有某人或某物；have/has暗示某人有某物.has用于第三人称双数, 其余人称和数用have.There are some English books on the desk.I have some English books.第17讲听力人类交际中80％以上是通过口头进行的, 而听懂对方的话语是进行有效交际的前提和关键.因此, 听力至关重要, 它位于“听说读写”四种能力之首.英语听力测试一般有以下题型：1．听音辨词2．听录音给图或句子排序3．听问句选答句4．听短文或对话进行选择或判断5．听录音填空第18讲话题My name is Tom.I'm Gao Shan.This is David.The man in a white coat is my father.Hello! /Hi!Good morning! / Good afternoon! /Good evening!How are you? --- Fine, thank you. / Not bad, thank you. / Not so good.Nice to meet you. --- Nice to meet you , too.How do you do?---How do you do?Goodbye! / Bye! / Bye-Bye!See you (tomorrow/later).Good night.What's your name? / Your name, please?Who is he?What's this in English?How old are you?Where are you from? / Are you from the USA?What's your job?What is she?May I come in?Can I have a look?Yes. / Sure.Sorry, you can't.Don't forget to close the windows.We must go home now.Let's go to school.Shall we go now?Why don't you buy a new one?What about a cup of tea?Would you like a hamburger?What would you like?Yes, please. / Yes, I'd like to./ Yes, I'd love to. No, thanks.Excuse me.Sorry. / I''s OK/all right. / It's doesn't matter. Thanks. / Thank you. / Thank you very much.Not at all. / You 're welcome. / It's my pleasure.It's pretty/ smart/nice.How nice!What's the time? / what time is it now?---It's twelve o'clock. It's time to have lunch.What day is it today?---It'sSunday/Monday/Tuesday/Wednesday/Thursday/Friday.What date is it today? --- It's the 12th of July.Can I help you?/What can I do for you?/What would you like?---I'd like a/an/some…Anything else?What about the red one?How many kilos? --- Five kilos, please.How much is it/are they?---It's /They're twenty yuan.。
牛津小学 初中英语基本语法汇总总结
牛津小学+初中英语基本语法汇总总结中小学英语语法总结2012-10-9目录第一部分名词2一名词的单复数 2二名词的格 3第二部分冠词4一不定冠词的用法 4二定冠词的用法 4三零冠词的用法 4第三部分代词5一人称代词 5二物主代词 5一形容词 5二副词6三形容词和副词比较等级 6第五部分数词6一基数词 6二序数词7第六部分动词7一动词的基本形式及时态7二动词的被动语态 8三情态动词8四．非谓语动词9第七部分介词10一介词的定义与分类10二常见介词的用法 11第八部分简单句与复合句 15一简单句15二复合句16三倒装句17四虚拟语气17第九部分时态一般现在时现在进行时一般过去时18 一一般现在时18二一般过去时18三现在进行时19四一般将来时19第十部分 There be句型与have has的区别19缩略形式20重要句型20牛津小学英语语法汇总第名词一名词的数在英语中名词按其所表示的事物的性质可分为可数名词和不可数名词可数名词可分为单数和复数两种形式表示一个人或事物的名词用单数形式在使用时前面一般加不定冠词a或an表示两个或两个以上的人或事物的名词用复数形式一般是在词干后附加词尾s 或es如bags boxes名词单数变复数具体规则如下1 规则变化名词的复数形式一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es现将构成方法与读音规则列表如下规则例词 1 一般情况在词尾加-s map-maps sea-seas girl-girls day-days 2 以s x ch sh结尾的名词后加-es class-classes box-boxes watch-watches dish-dishes 3 以-f 或-fe结尾的词变-f和-fe为v再加-es leaf-leaves thief-thieves knife-knives loaf-loaves wife-wives 加-s belief-beliefs chief-chiefs proof-proofs roof-roofs gulf-gulfs4 以辅音字母加y结尾的名词变y为i加-es party-partiesfamily-families story-stories city-cities 5 元音字母y结尾的名词专有名词以y结尾的-s toy-toys boy-boys day-days ray-rays Henry-Henrys6 以辅音字母加-o结尾的名词一般加-es hero-heroesNegro-Negroes potato-potatoes tomato-tomatoes 不少外来词加-s piano-pianos photo-photos auto-autos kilo-kilos solo-solos两者皆可zero-zeroszeroes volcano-volcanoes volcanos 7以元音字母加-o结尾的名词加-s radio-radios bamboo-bamboos zoo-zoos 8 以-th结尾的名词加-s truth-truths mouth-mouths month-months path-paths 2 不规则变化规则例词 1 改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式man-men woman-women foot-feet goose-geese mouse-mice 2 单复数相同sheep deer series means works fish species li yuan jin 3 只有复数形式ashes trousers clothes thanks goods glasses compasses contents4 一些集体名词总是用作复数people police cattle staff5 部分集体名词既可作单数整体也可作复数成员audience class family crowd couple group committee government population crew team public enemy party6 复数形式表示特别含义 customs 海关 forces 军队 times 时代spirits 情绪 drinks 饮料 sands 沙滩 papers 文件报纸 manners 礼貌looks 外表 brains 头脑智力 greens 青菜 ruins 废墟7 表示某国人加-s Americans Australians Germans Greeks Swedes Europeans 单复数同形Swiss Portuguese Chinese Japanese 以-man或-woman结尾的改为-men-women Englishmen Frenchwomen8 合成名词将主体名词变为复数sons-in-law lookers-on passers-by story-tellers boy friends 无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数grown-ups housewives stopwatches 将两部分变为复数women singers men servants 3不可数名词没有单复数形式要表示不可数名词的数量可用以下两种方法①用much a little a lot of lots of some any等修饰不可数名词如 The rich man has a lot of money②可用表单位的词修饰不可数名词如 a piece of paper two pieces of paper a bottle of orange a glass of milk three bags of rice表示民族的名词顺口溜1中日瑞友好是一致2英法联盟a变e3其他一律加s 即chinesejapanese单复数同形englishmanfrenchman的复数为englishmenfrenchmen其他像germanamericanaustralian等的复数形式是在后面加so结尾的名词顺口溜1有生命的以o结尾的名词变复数时词尾加es凡无生命的以o结尾的名词变复数时词尾加s有生命potato-potatoes tomato-tomatoes hero-heroes negro--negroes如无生命zoo-zoos radio-radios photo-photos piano-pianos zero-zeros bamboo竹竿--bamboos tobacco烟丝--tobaccos12两人两菜一火山es小学中学课本中以o结尾的名词构成复数时加es的只有negro黑人hero英雄potato土豆tomato西红杮volcano火山这就是两人两菜一火山或黑人和英雄吃土豆和西红柿egroes and heroes eat tomatoes and potatoes 2其余以o结尾的名词变复数时均加sfe结尾的顺口溜以f e 结尾的名词变为复数时有的把f e 改为v e 再加s其他的以f e 结尾的名词则直接加s妻子持刀去宰狼小偷吓得发了慌躲在架后保己命半片树叶遮目光 wife妻子knife刀子wolf狼thief小偷shelf架子life生命leaf树叶self自己half 一半这9个名词变复数时都要改f e 为ve再加s特殊情况直接加-s的如gulf roof chief serf belief proof handkerchief编成口诀联想海湾边屋顶上首领农仆相望谁说他们无信仰语气定在手帕上巧记不规则名词单变复1 元音字母变化如man--men 男人 woman--women 妇女 tooth--teeth 牙齿 foot--feet 脚mouse--mice 老鼠policeman--policemen 警察policewoman--policewomen 女警察2 词尾发生变化如child--children 小孩 ox--oxen 公牛3 单复数形式相同如fish--fish 鱼 sheep--sheep 绵羊 deer--deer 鹿 chinese--chinese 中国人 yuan--yuan 元注意不说an english要说an englishmanfish作鱼肉讲时不可数没有复数 fishes指各种不同种类鱼或指几条鱼4 形似单数实为复数意义如people 人人们 these people 不说a people可说a personpolice 公安警察 ten police 不说a police可说a policeman5 由man和woman构成的合成名词变复数将名词及man或woman都变成复数如a man driver-men drivers 男司机a woman doctor-women doctors 女医生6 合成名词变为复数时通常只将里面所含的主体名词变为复数如passer-by-passers-by 过路人bus driver-bus drivers 汽车司机注意如果没有主体名词就在最后一词上加-s如grown-up-grown-ups 成年人letter-box-letter-boxes 信箱注意hair和fruit通常作单数表示总体若表示若干根头发或若干种水果则需用这两个词的复数形式如would you like some more fruit 你要不要再吃点水果we bought a lot of fruit from the market 我们从市场上买了许多水果china has some good frits 中国有一些好的水果指种类she has a few white hairs 她有几要白头发his black hair is going white 他的黑发逐渐变成灰白色注意wind snow和rain这类词有时也可以有复数形式表示多次的风雪或雨注意以boy 和girl开头的复合名词变成复数时一般只把后一名词变成复数如 boy student-boy students 男学生girlfriend--girlfriends 女朋友7 有些名词只有作复数如scissors 剪刀 a pair of scissors 一把剪刀 trousers 裤子 shorts 短裤jeans 工装裤compasses 两脚规scales 天平sunglasses 太阳镜surroundings 环境 savings 储蓄 writings 作品名词man woman 构成的复合名词其复数形式通常与简单名词一样即把man woman 改成men women如englishman--englishmen 英国人frenchwoman--frenchwomen 法国妇女注意german不是复合词它的复数是germans二名词的格名词在句中表示所有关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格所有格分两种一是名词词尾加s构成二是由介词of加名词构成前者多表示有生命的东西后者多表示无生命的东西1 s所有格的构成单数名词在末尾加s the boys father Jacks book her son-in-laws photo 复数名词一般在末尾加the teachers room the twins mother不规则复数名词后加s the childrens toys womens rights 以s结尾的人名所有格加s或者Dickens novels Charless job the Smiths house 表示各自的所有关系时各名词末尾均须加s Japans and Americas problems Janes and Marys bikes 表示共有的所有关系时在最后一词末加s Japan and Americas problems Jane and Marys father 表示”某人家””店铺”所有格后名词省略 the doctors the barbers the tailors my uncles 2 s所有格的用法１表示时间todays newspaper five weeks holiday 2 表示自然现象 the earths atmosphere the trees branches 3 表示国家城市等地方的名词the countrys plan the worlds population Chinas industry4 表示工作群体the ships crew majoritys view the teams victory5 表示度量衡及价值 a miles journey five dollars worth of apples6 与人类活动有特殊关系的名词the lifes time the plays plot7 某些固定词组 a birds eye view a stones throw at ones wits end 不知所措 3 of所有格的用法用于无生命的东西the legs of the chair the cover of the book用于有生命的东西尤其是有较长定语时the classrooms of the first-year students用于名词化的词the struggle of the oppressed第冠词冠词分为不定冠词a an定冠词the和零冠词不定冠词的用法1 指一类人或事相当于a kind of A plane is a machine that can fly2 第一次提及某人某物非特指A boy is waiting for you3 表示每一相当于everyone We study eight hours a day4 表示相同相当于the same We are nearly of an age5 用于人名前表示不认识此人或与某名人有类似性质的人或事 A Mr Smith came to visit you when you were outThat boy is rather a Lei Feng 6 用于固定词组中 A couple of a bit once upon a time in a hurry have a walk many a time 7用于quite rather many half what such之后 This room is rather a big one 8 用于so as too how 形容词之后She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet 二定冠词的用法1 表示某一类人或物The horse is a useful animal2 用于世上独一无二的事物名词前the universe the moon the Pacific Ocean3 表示说话双方都了解的或上文提到过的人或事Would you mind opening the door4 用于乐器前面play the violin play the guitar5 用于形容词和分词前表示一类人the reach the living the wounded6 表示一家人或夫妇the Greens the Wangs7 用于序数词和形容词副词比较级最高级前He is the taller of the two children8 用于国家党派等以及江河湖海山川群岛的名词前the United States the Communist Party of China the French 9 用于表示发明物的单数名词前 The compass was invented in China 10 在逢十的复数数词之前指世纪的某个年代in the 1990s 11 用于表示单位的名词前 I hired the car by the hour 12 用于方位名词身体部位名词及表示时间的词组前He patted me on the shoulder 零冠词的用法1 专有名词物质名词抽象名词人名地名等名词前Beijing University Jack China love air2 名词前有this my whose some no each every 等限制 I want this book not that one Whose purse is this3 季节月份星期节假日一日三餐前March Sunday National Day spring 4表示职位身份头衔的名词前Lincoln was made President of America5 学科语言球类棋类名词前He likes playing footballchess 6与by连用表示交通工具的名词前by train by air by land 7 以and连接的两个相对的名词并用时husband and wife knife and fork day and night 8 表示泛指的复数名词前 Horses are useful animals第代词代词是用来代替人事物等名词的词人称代词人称代词有人称数和格之分在句子中作主语用主格作宾语或表语用宾格在比较句型中的连词后可以用主格也可用宾格句子中同时有几个人称代词出现时一般按第二人称第三人称第一人称的顺序主格和宾格区别主格通常位于句中第一个动词之前有时位于than之后宾格一般位于动词或介词之后物主代词形容词性物主代词与名词性物主代词关系为名词性物主代词形容词性物主代词名词双重所有格名词of 名称性物主代词 Ann is a friend of my mothers名词性物主代词用在比较句型中表示与前文中的比较对象相呼应区别形容词性用时后面一般要带上名词名词性则单独使用后面不带名词My father is older than yours yours 指的是your father 我我们你你们他她它他们人称代词主格I we you you he she it they 宾格me us you you him her itthem 形容词性物主代词my our your your hisher its their 名词性物主代词mine ours yours yours his hers its theirs 反身代词表示我自己myselfourselves yourself yourselves himself herself itselfthemselves 指示代词this that these those such some 不定代词one some any each every none no many much few little a few a littleother another all both neither either 疑问代词构成特殊疑问句 who whom whose which what等This is my book The book is mine一形容词1 形容词的位置形容词作定语通常前置1 但在下列情况后置1 修饰some any every no和body thing one等构成的复合不定代词时nobody absent everything possible 2 以-able -ible结尾的形容词可置于有最高级或only修饰的名词之后the best book available the only solution possible 3 alive alike awake aware asleep等可以后置the only person awake 4 和空间时间单位连用时 a bridge 50 meters long 5 成对的形容词可以后置 a huge room simple and beautiful 6 形容词短语一般后置 a man difficult to get on with2 多个形容词修饰同一个名词的顺序代词数词性状形容词冠词前的形容词冠词指示代词不定代词代词所有格序数词基数词性质状态大小长短形状新旧温度颜色国籍产地材料质地名词allbothsuch Theathisanotheryour secondnext onefour beautifulgoodpoor largeshortsquare newcool blackyellow ChineseLondon silkstone 3 复合形容词的构成1 形容词名词ed kind-hearted 6 名词形容词world-famous 2形容词形容词dark-blue 7 名词现在分词peace-loving 3 形容词现在分词ordinary-looking 8 名词过去分词snow-covered 4副词现在分词hard-working 9 数词名词ed three-egged 5副词过去分词newly-built 10 数词名词twenty-year 副词副词的分类1 时间副词soon now early finally once recently 5 频度副词always often frequently seldom never 2 地点副词herenearby outside upwards above 6 疑问副词how where when why3 方式副词hard well fast slowly excitedly really 7 连接副词how when where why whether however meanwhile 4 程度副词almost nearly very fairly quite rather 8 关系副词when where why 形容词和副词比较等级英语中大多数形容词副词是可以分等级的一般有三个等级原级比较级和最高级形容词副词的本来形式就是形容词的原级如John is a tall boy两者间进行比较用到形容词比较级如Jim is taller than John三者或者三者以上进行比较用形容词的最高级Mike is the tallest of the three boys 形容词最高级前面要加定冠词the2 形容词副词比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化规则变化①单音节或双音节的形容词或副词比较级＋er最高级＋est small－smaller－smallest等②以e结尾的词比较级＋r最高级＋st即可nice－nicer－nicest③以辅音字母＋y结尾的变y为i＋er或esteasy－easier－easiest④双写最后一个辅音字母＋er或est hot－hotter－hottest一些双音节及多音节形容词或副词前要加more和most如difficult---moredifficult---mostdifficult不规则变化goodwell－better－bestbad－worse－worst manymuch－more－most little－less－leastfar－further －furthest表示程度 far－farther－farthest表示远近old－older－oldest表新旧 old－elder－eldest表兄弟姊妹之间的长幼3 比较级前的修饰词a little a lot much even far still4 形容词副词比较级的特殊用法①形容词副词比较级than any other单数名词介词短语表示比同一范围的任何一个人物都含义是最例如Mike gets to school earlier than any other student in his class Mike gets to school earlier than any of the other students in his class Mike gets to school earlier than the other students in his class Mike gets to school earliest in his class注意Mike gets to school earlier than any student in Toms class②the形容词比较级of the two表示是两者中较的如Look at the two boys My brother is the taller of the two③比较级and比较级表示越来越He is getting taller and taller④the比较级the比较级表示越越The more careful you arethe fewer mistakes youll make5 最高级常用句型结构①主语be the形容词最高级单数名词inof短语表示是中最的如Tom is the tallest in his classof all the students②主语be one of the形容词最高级复数名词inof短语表示是中最之一如Beijing is one of the largest cities in China③序数词最高级Hainan Island is the second largest island in China第数词表示"多少"和"第几"的词叫数词数词分为基数词和序数词两种基数词在十位数词和个位数词中间加上连字符 " - " 如 21 twenty –one 基数词三位以上的数词在百位和十位之间一般要用连词"and " 如 132 one hundred and thirty-two表示"万"的词英语中没有如1万可用10千来表示 ten thousand 30万可用three hundred thousand 来表示基数词的用法1编号的事物用基数词如Lesson Five Room 1012表示"年月日" 时用基数词3表示 "几点钟几点过几分" 用基数词It is two to two 现在是两点差两分4加减乘除用基数词 One plus two is three一加二等于三Eight minus four is four 八减四等于四Two times two is com divided by two is five十除二等于五5表示百分数用基数词Thirty percent of them is water 它们当中有30的水6表示分数时分子数字用基数词但分母要用序数词如分子不是1序数词要用复数形式One-fifth of the books are mine 三分之一的书是我的Three-tenths of water is disappeared 十分之三的水不见了序数词表示数目顺序的词用序数词1序数词1━19 除第一第二第三第五第八第九第十二变化不规则外其余均由在基数词后加上 -th2十位整数的序数词的构成方法是是将十位整数基数词的词尾 -y 变成 i 再加 -eth3几十几的序数词只是把个位数变成序数词十位数不变4第一百以上的多位序数词由基数词的形式变结尾部分为序数词形式来表示one hundred and twenty-first one thousandthree hundred and twentieth5序数词的缩写形式有时序数词可以用缩写形式来表示主要缩写形式有firstlst second2nd third3rd fourth4th sixth6th twentieth20th twenty-third23rd 其中lst2nd3rd为特殊形式其它的都是阿拉伯数字后加上th 6通常前面要加定冠词 the但是如果序数词前出现不定冠词a或an时则表示再又Weve tried it three times．Must we try it a fourth time 7基数词也可以表示顺序只需将基数词放在它所修饰的名词之后名词需大写即可不需要添加定冠词the first lessonLesson One the fifth pagePage 5 the twenty-first roomRoom 21第动词动词表示人或事物的动作或状态根据其在句中的功能动词可分为四类分别是实义动词指某个具体的静态如think love 等或动态如run walk 等系动词常用的是be feel get look taste等助动词常用的是do does did等用来构成否定句及疑问句情态动词常用的有can may must shall should等情态动词后一定要跟动词原形动词的基本形式绝大多数动词都有五种基本形式动词原形一般现在时第三人称单数现在分词过去式和过去分词动词的时态一共有16种以ask为例将其各种时态的构成形式列表如下现在时过去时将来时过去将来时一般ask asks asked shallwill ask shouldwould ask 进行amisare asking waswere asking shallwill be asking shouldwould be asking完成havehas asked had asked shallwill have asked shouldwould have asked 完成进行havehas been asking had been asking shallwill have been asking shouldwould have been asking A 第三人称单数形式的构成一般现在时主语是第三人称单数时谓语动词后要加s或es其变化规则与名词变复数的方法大体相同1 一般情况下只在动词后加s如workworks writewrites2 以os x sh ch结尾的动词后加es如guessguesses mixmixes wash-washes watch-watches go-goesfinishfinishes catchcatches3 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词改y为i加es如studystudies注不规则变化的有havehasB 现在分词的构成1 一般情况下在动词后加ing如studystudying workworking2 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词先去掉e再加ing如writewritingmovemoving3 以一个元音字母和一个辅音结尾的重读音节结尾的动词要双写末尾一个辅音字母再加ing如getgetting beginbeginning4 以ie结尾的名词一般将ie改为y再加ing如lielying diedying tietyingC 过去式和过去分词的构成1 一般情况直接加ed如askasked workworked2 以不发音的e结尾只加d如loveloved dancedanced3 以辅音字母加y结尾把y变为i加ed如trytried studystudied4 以一个元音字母和一个辅音结尾的重读音节结尾的动词先双写末尾一个字母再加ed如stopstopped不规则动词此类词并无规则须熟记小学阶段要记住以下动词的原形和过去式sing – sang eat – ate see – saw have – had do – did go - went take - took buy - bought get - got read - read fly - flew amis - was are - were say - said leave - left swim - swam tell - told draw - drew come - came lose - lost find - found drink - drank hurt - hurt feel - felt二动词的被动语态常用被动语态构成常用被动语态构成 1 一般现在时amisare asked 6 过去进行时waswere being asked 2 一般过去时waswere asked 7 现在完成时havehas been asked 3 一般将来时shallwill be asked 8 过去完成时had been asked 4 过去将来时shouldwould be asked 9 将来完成时willwould have been asked5 现在进行时amisare being asked 10 含有情态动词的canmustmay be asked 注意事项被动语态的否定式是在第一个助动词或情态动词后加not短语动词的被动态不可漏掉其中介副词固定结构begoing to used to have to had better变为被动态时只需将其后的动词变为被动态如Trees should not be planted in summer The boy was made fun of by his classmatesNewspapers used to be sent here by the little girl 汉语有一类句子不出现主语在英语中一般可用被动结构表示如It is believed that It is generally considered that It is said that It is well known that It must be pointed out that It is supposed that It is reported that It must be admitted that It is hoped that 下面主动形式常表示被动意义如The window wantsneedsrequires repairing The book is worth reading twiceThe door wont shut The play wont act The clothes washes well Thebook sells wellThe dish tastes delicious Water feels very cold 下面词或短语没有被动态leave enter reach become benefit cost equal contain last lack fit fail have appear happen occur belong to take place break out come about agree with keep up with consist of have on lose heart等等情态动词I 情态动词基本用法情态动词用法否定式疑问式与简答can 能力体力智力技能允许或许可口语中常用可能性表猜测用于否定句或疑问句中can not cannot cant do Cando YescanNocant could couldnt do may 可以问句中表示请求可能或许表推测祝愿用于倒装句中 may not do Maydo YesmayNomustntcant might might not do Mightdo YesmightNomight not must 必须应该表主观要求肯定想必肯定句中表推测must notmustnt do Mustdo YesmustNoneedntdont have to have to 只好不得不客观的必须有时态人称变化dont have to do Dohave to doYesdo Nodont ought to 应当表示义务责任口语中多用should ought not tooughtnt to do Oughtto doYesought Nooughtnt shall 将要会用于一三人称征求对方意见用于二三人称表示许诺命令警告威胁等shall notshant do ShalldoYesshall Noshant should 应当应该表义务责任本该含有责备意味 should notshouldnt do Shoulddo will 意愿决心请求建议用在问句中would比较委婉will notwont do WilldoYeswill Nowont would would notwouldnt do dare 敢常用于否定句和疑问句中dare notdarent do DaredoYesdare Nodarent need 需要必须常用于否定句和疑问句中need notneednt do NeeddoYesmust Noneednt used to 过去常常现在已不再used notusedntusent to dodidnt use to do Usedto doYesused Nouse d ntDiduse to doYesdid Nodidnt II 情态动词must may might could can表示推测以must为例must do be 是推测现在存在的一般状态进行must be doing 推测可能正在进行的事情must have done是推测可能已经发生过的事情1 must肯定一定语气强只用于肯定句中He must be a man from America He must be talking with his friend He must have already arrived there2 may和might也许后者语气弱更没有把握可用于肯定句和否定句He may not be at home They might have finished their task3 can和could可能could表示可疑的可能性不及cant语气强用于肯定否定疑问句中The weather in that city could be cold nowWe could have walked there it was so near推测某事本来可能发生但实际上没有发生Can he be in the office now No he cant be there for I saw him in the library just now 语气很强常用于疑问句和否定句中III 情态动词注意点1 can和be able to 都可以表示能力但be able to可以表达某事终于成功而can无法表达此意Be able to有更多的时态另外两者不能重叠使用2 used to和would used to表示过去常常做现在已经不再有的习惯而would 只表示过去的习惯或喜好不涉及现在3 need和dare作情态动词和实义动词的区别两者作情态动词时常用于否定句和疑问句其形式为needntdarent doNeeddaredo做实义动词时可用于肯定句否定句和疑问句其形式为need needsneeded dare daresdared to do dont doesntdidnt needdare to do．非谓语动词I 非谓语动词的分类意义及构成非谓语形式构成特征和作用时态和语态否定式复合结构不定式 to doto be doingto have done to be doneto have been done 在非谓语前加not for sb to do sth 具有名词副词和形容词的作用在句中做主宾定表和状语分词现在分词doinghaving done being donehaving been done 具有副词和形容词的作用在句中做定表宾补和状语过去分词done 动名词doinghaving done being donehaving been done sbs doing 具有名词的作用在句中做主宾定和表语II 做宾语的非谓语动词比较情况常用动词只接不定式做宾语的动词hope want offer long fail expect wish ask decide pretend manage agree afford determine promise happen 只接动名词做宾语的动词或短语mind miss enjoy imagine practise suggest finish escape excuse appreciate admit prevent keep dislike avoid risk resist consider cant help feel like succeed in be fond of object to get down to be engaged in insist on think of be proud of take pride in set about be afraid of be tired of look forward to devote oneself to be worth be busy pay attention to stick to 两者都可以意义基本相同begin start like love hate prefer continue接不定式多指具体的动作接动名词多指一般或习惯行为need want require接动名词主动形式表示被动意义若接不定式则应用被动形式意义相反stop to do 停止手中事去做另一件事stop doing 停止正在做的事意义不同rememberforgetregret to do指动作尚未发生rememberforgetregret doing指动作已经发生 go on to do接着做另外一件事go on doing接着做同一件事try to do设法努力去做尽力try doing试试去做看有何结果mean to do打算做企图做mean doing 意识是意味着cant help to do不能帮忙做 cant help doing忍不住要做III非谓语动词做宾语补足语的区别常见动词与宾语的逻辑关系及时间概念例句不定式 ask beg expect get order tell want wish encourage 主谓关系强调动作将发生或已经完成I heard him call me several times have notice see watch hear feel let make 现在分词notice see watch hear find keep have feel 主谓关系强调动作正在进行尚未完成I found her listening to the radio 过去分词动宾关系动作已经完成多强调状态We found the village greatly changed IV 非谓语动词做定语的区别区别举例不定式与被修饰词往往有动宾关系一般式表示将来进行式表示与谓语动作同时发生完成式表示在谓语动词之前发生I have a lot of papers to typeI have a lot of papers to be typed 动名词通常指被修饰词的用途无逻辑上的任何关系Shall we go to the swimming pool 现在分词与被修饰词之间是主谓关系表示动作与谓语动作同时发生the boiling water the boiled waterthe developing countrythe developed countrythe falling leaves the fallen leaves 过去分词与被修饰词之间是被动关系表示动作发生在谓语动作之前现已经完成V 非谓语动词做主语和表语的区别区别举例不定式多表示一个特定的具体的将来的动作做主语时可以借助于it把不定式移到句子后面做表语有时可和主语交换位置而且意义不变并且还能用what来提问主语或表语My dream is to become a teacher To obey the law is importantdream business wish idea plan duty task做主语时常用动名词与不定式的功能区别不大然而它更接近于名词表示的动作比较抽象或者泛指习惯性的动作有时也可以用it做形式主语做表语时可以和主语互换位置It is no use saying that again and againTeaching is my job 分词无名词的性质不能做主语但是有形容词的性质可以做表语多表明主语的特征性质或者状态等可被very quite rather 等副词修饰现在分词多含有令人之意说明主语的性质特征多表示主动主语多为物过去分词一般表示被动或主语所处的状态含有感到之意主语多是人The situation is encouraging。
(2021年整理)牛津小学四年级英语语法知识汇总
牛津小学四年级英语语法知识汇总编辑整理：尊敬的读者朋友们：这里是精品文档编辑中心，本文档内容是由我和我的同事精心编辑整理后发布的，发布之前我们对文中内容进行仔细校对，但是难免会有疏漏的地方，但是任然希望（牛津小学四年级英语语法知识汇总）的内容能够给您的工作和学习带来便利。
同时也真诚的希望收到您的建议和反馈，这将是我们进步的源泉，前进的动力。
本文可编辑可修改，如果觉得对您有帮助请收藏以便随时查阅，最后祝您生活愉快业绩进步，以下为牛津小学四年级英语语法知识汇总的全部内容。
牛津英语四年级语法知识汇总Class__________ Name_________一、名词这里强调一点：不可数名词都默认为单数，所以总是用is各种不同情况变化方法例词一般情况直接加-s book—books bag—bags cat-catsbed-beds以s. x. sh。
ch结尾加—es bus—buses box-boxesbrush-brusheswatch-watches peach-peachesglass—glasses以“辅音字母+y"结尾变y为i, 再加-esfamily—families study-—studies以“f或fe”结尾变f或fe为v，再加—esknife-knives以o结尾有生命的+es，无生命的+s potato-potatoes tomato-tomatoes photo—photos不规则名词复数man-men woman-womenpoliceman—policemenpolicewoman—policewomenmouse—mice foot-feetchild-children fish—fishChinese-Chinese人称代词物主代词单数复数单数复数主格宾格主格宾格形容词性形容词性第一人称I（我）me we(我们）us my（我的)our（我们的）第二人you（你）you you（你you your（你your（你们注意:人称代词：有单复之分，有主格和宾格之分。
牛津小学英语语法大全
小学英语语法大全第一章一、定义名词是表示人或事物名称的词。
它既可以表示具体的东西，也可以是表示抽象的东西。
二、分类1. 名词可以根据意义分为普通名词和专有名词如：john is a studentstudent是普通名词，john是专有名词普通名词前可以用不定冠词a/an, 定冠词the 或不加冠词，专有名词前一般不加冠词，专有名词的首字母要大写。
2. 普通名词又可以分为个体名词、集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词，其中个体名词与集体名词是可数名词，物质名词和抽象名称是不可数名词。
3. 专有名词专有名词是表示人名、地名、团体、机构、组织等的专有名词，多为独一无二的事物。
三、名词的数1、名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。
可数名词——可以数的名词不可数名词——数不清（没有复数）drink?milk tea water orange juice coke coffee porridgefood?rice bread meat fish fruit cake dumplings2、可数名词与不定冠词a(an)连用有数数形式，不可数名词不能与不定冠词a(an)连用，没有复数形式many+可数名词复数much/a little+不可数名词some, any , a lot of (lots of) 两者都可以修饰。
3、可数名词可以直接用数词来修饰不可数名词数词 +量词 +of + 名词对可数名词的数量提问用how many对不可数名词的数量提问用 how much4、不可数名词的量有以下两种表示方法：1） some, much ,a little ,a lot of ,a bit of , plenty of 用等表示多少。
注意既可以与可数名词复数，又可以与不可数名词连用的有：plenty of ,some ,a lot of ,lots of ,most of 等。
如there is much water in the bottle .瓶中有很多水。
牛津小学四年级英语语法知识汇总(K12教育文档)
牛津小学四年级英语语法知识汇总(word版可编辑修改)编辑整理：尊敬的读者朋友们：这里是精品文档编辑中心，本文档内容是由我和我的同事精心编辑整理后发布的，发布之前我们对文中内容进行仔细校对，但是难免会有疏漏的地方，但是任然希望（牛津小学四年级英语语法知识汇总(word版可编辑修改)）的内容能够给您的工作和学习带来便利。
同时也真诚的希望收到您的建议和反馈，这将是我们进步的源泉，前进的动力。
本文可编辑可修改，如果觉得对您有帮助请收藏以便随时查阅，最后祝您生活愉快业绩进步，以下为牛津小学四年级英语语法知识汇总(word版可编辑修改)的全部内容。
牛津英语四年级语法知识汇总Class__________ Name_________一、名词这里强调一点：不可数名词都默认为单数,所以总是用is各种不同情况变化方法例词一般情况直接加-s book-books bag—bags cat-catsbed-beds以s. x. sh。
ch结尾加—es bus-buses box-boxesbrush—brusheswatch—watches peach—peachesglass—glasses以“辅音字母+y”结尾变y为i, 再加-esfamily-families study-—studies以“f或fe”结尾变f或fe为v，再加—esknife-knives以o结尾有生命的+es,无生命的+s potato—potatoes tomato-tomatoes photo-photos不规则名词复数man-men woman-womenpoliceman-policemenpolicewoman-policewomen mouse—micefoot-feet child-childrenfish-fish Chinese-Chinese人称代词物主代词单数复数单数复数主格宾格主格宾格形容词性形容词性第一人称I（我）me we（我们）us my(我的）our（我们的）第二人称you(你）youyou（你们）youyour（你的)your（你们的）注意:人称代词：有单复之分,有主格和宾格之分。
（完整）小学牛津英语语法大全精心整理版,推荐文档
（完整）小学牛津英语语法大全精心整理版,推荐文档小学牛津英语语法大全第1讲字母 ......................... . (01)第2讲语音......................... ................................................. . (06)第3讲名词......................... ................................................. . (07)第4讲冠词......................... . (09)第5讲代词......................... . (10)第6讲形容词......................................................................... . (12)第7讲副词......................... . (13)第8讲介词......................... . (13)第9讲数词......................... . (15)第10讲连词......................... . (16)第11讲动词......................... . (17)第12讲一般现在时 (18)第13讲现在进行时................................................................ .. (19)第14讲一般过去时................................................................ .. (19)第15讲一般将来时................................................................ .. (20)第16讲句法......................................................................... . (21)第17讲听力......................... ................................................. . (23)第18讲话题......................... ................................................. . (24)第19讲构词法...................................................................... .. (26)第20讲英美文化识............................................................. . (27)第1讲字母1. 英语中共有26个字母。
牛津五年级英语语法大全(新)
牛津五年级英语语法大全(新)深圳牛津版五年级上册五年级英语语法知识汇总一、词类：1、名词这里强调两点：不可数名词都默认为单数，所以总是用i人称代词：有主格和宾格之分。
一般动词前用主格，动词后用宾格。
3、指示代词4、冠词有a、an、the。
a和an的区别：an用于元音音素（一般就是元音字母a、e、i、o、u）前，a用于辅音音素前。
二、否定句：be动词（am、i、are）+not、情态动词can+not、助动词（do、doe）+not如何将一个肯定的陈述句改为否定句：1、看句中有无be动词，如有，直接在be动词后+not。
2、看句中有无情态动词，如有，直接在情态动词后+not。
3、如上述二者都没有，就应用助动词+not。
分四个步骤：深圳牛津版五年级上册（1）肯定陈述句中本来是没有助动词的，要加上去，位置在主语（某人或某物）后，动词前。
（2）确定助动词用do、doe，根据句中动词，动词是原形的助动词就用do，动词是第三人称单数的助动词就用doe，（3）在助动词后加not。
（4）原句中动词假如发生变化就要恢复成原形。
强调一点，有ome的要考虑是否要用any。
三、一般疑问句。
如何将一个肯定的陈述句改为一般疑问句：1、看句中有无be动词，如有，把be动词提到句首即可。
2、看句中有无情态动词，如有，把情态动词提到句首即可。
3、如上述二者都没有，就应把助动提到句首。
分四个步骤：（1）肯定陈述句中本来是没有助动词的，要加上去，位置在主语（某人或某物）后，动词前。
（2）确定助动词用do还是doe，根据句中动词，动词是原形的助动词就用do，动词是第三人称单数的助动词就用doe（3）把助动词后提到句首。
（4）原句中动词假如发生变化就要恢复成原形。
强调一点，有ome的要考虑是否要用any。
四、特殊疑问句。
表示疑问，有疑问词（在开头），回答有很多种可能。
五、时态1、一般现在时（1）一般现在时中的be动词：一般用原形：amiaream用于第一人称单数（I）；i用于第三人称单数（heheit和其他人名或称谓，如：Benhiiter等）；are用于第二人称单数（you）和所有复数（包括第一人称复数we、第二人称复数you；第三人称复数they和其他复数，如thechildren、hiparent等）。
苏教版牛津小学英语语法点汇总(可编辑修改word版)
语法及练习1 be 动词Be 动词的用法：(1)Am--was Is --was Are--were 口诀：我用am, 你用are, is 用在他她它，复数全用are。
(2)肯定和否定句I am (not) from London. He is(not) a teacher. She is(not) in the dining room. My hair is(not) long. Her eyes are(not) small.(3)一般疑问句Am I a Chinese? Yes, you are. No, you aren’t. Are they American? Yes, they are. No, they aren’t. Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it isn’t.用恰当的be 动词填空。
1.I a boy. you a boy? No, I not.2.The girl Jack's sister.3.The dog tall and fat.4.The man with big eyes a teacher.5.your brother in the classroom?6.Where your mother? She at home.7.How your father?8.Mike and Liu Tao at school.9.Whose dress this?10.Whose socks they?11.That my red skirt.12.Who I?13.The jeans on the desk.14.Here a scarf for you.15.Here some sweaters for you.16.The black gloves for Su Yang.17.This pair of gloves for Yang Ling.18.The two cups of milk for me.19.Some tea in the glass.20.Gao shan's shirt over there.21.My sister's name Nancy.22.This not Wang Fang's pencil.23.David and Helen from England?24.There a girl in the room.25.There some apples on the tree.26.there any kites in the classroom?27.there any apple juice in the bottle?28.There some bread on the plate.29.There a boy, two girls, three men and ten women in the park.30.You, he and I from China.语法及练习2 人称代词和物主代词人称代词和物主代词1.人称代词主格和宾格的区别：主格通常位于句中第一个动词之前（有时候位于than 之后），宾格一般位于动词或介词之后。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
目录第一部分小学1A-6B语法汇编 (2)第一节可数名词与不可数名词 (2)第二节名词所有格 (3)第三节定冠词 (4)第四节并列连词 (5)第五节介词 (6)第六节时态 (7)第七节一般疑问句 (10)第八节特殊疑问句 (11)第九节Like的用法 (12)第十节形容词的比较级和最高级 (12)第十一节情态动词 (15)第十二节时间表达法 (16)第十三节需要掌握知识点 (17)第二部分牛津英语7A-7B语法汇编 (18)第一节7A特殊疑问句 (18)第二节7A不定冠词的用法 (20)第三节7A一般现在时 (20)第四节7A频度副词 (21)第五节7A名词的分类 (21)第六节7A there be 句型的用法 (22)第七节7A形容词的用法 (22)第八节7A一般将来时 (23)第九节7A if条件状语从句 (23)第十节7A一般过去时 (23)第十一节7A人称代词 (24)第十二节7A物主代词 (24)第十三节7B顺序副词 (25)第十四节7B情态动词的用法 (25)第十五节7B形容词的比较级 (26)第十六节7B掌握序数词的变化及其用法 (27)第十七节7B一般疑问句 (27)第十八节7B连词and, so,but的用法 (29)第十九节7B much、more与most的用法 (30)第三部分牛津英语8A-8B语法汇编 (31)第一节8A祈使句 (31)第二节8A数字加减乘除常用表示法 (31)第三节8A指示代词this, that, these, those的用法 (32)第四节8A现在进行时 (32)第四节8B现在完成时的重点和难点 (33)第五节8B被动语态“三步曲” (35)第六节8B直接引语变间接引语 (36)牛津英语9A-9B语法汇编 (38)第一节9A接动词不定式的动词 (38)第二节9A接动名词的动词 (38)第三节9A现在完成时 (38)第四节9A被动语态 (38)第五节9B过去进行时的用法 (38)第六节9B 定于从句的用法 (39)第七节9B When 和while 的用法 (42)第一部分小学1A-6B语法汇编第一节可数名词与不可数名词一、可数名词可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。
指一个人或一件事物时，用单数形式；指两个或多个人或事物时用复数形式。
名词由单数形式变成复数形式的规则如下：1. 一般的名词词尾直接加-s 。
如：book → books room → roomshouse → houses day → days2. 以s, ss, ch, sh, x 结尾的名词，在词尾加-es 。
如：bus → buses glass → glasseswatch → wa tchesdish → dishes box → boxes3. 以"辅音字母+y"结尾的名词，要先将y改为i再加-es。
如：city → cities body → bodiesfactory → factories等等。
4. 以f 或fe 结尾的名词，要将f或fe改为v再加-es。
如：half → halves leaf → leavesknife → knives wife → wives5. 特例 [悄悄话：特例常常考，要记住。
]① child → children② man →men woman → women policeman → policemen③ tomato → tomatoes potato → potatoes④ foot → feet tooth → teeth [悄悄话： oo变成ee。
]⑤ sheep, Chinese, Japanese单、复数同形[悄悄话：变复数时词形不变。
]⑥ people单数形式表示复数意义，要求谓语动词用复数；people的复数形式peoples通常指"多个民族"。
二、不可数名词1. 不可数名词没有复数，当它作句子的主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。
如： The food is very fresh. 食品很新鲜。
2. 有的不可数名词也可以作可数名词，有复数形式，但他们的意义往往发生变化。
如： water (水) → waters (水域)orange (橘汁) → oranges (橘子)3. 很多的不可数名词表示泛指时为不可数，表示种类时就可数，但意义大多不发生变化。
如：fish → fishes（表示鱼的种类，可数）三、可数名词与不可数名词的区别普通名词所表示的人或事物是可以按个数计算的，这类名词叫可数名词。
可数名词分为个体名词(表示某类人或事物中的个体，如worker, farmer, desk, factory等)和集体名词(表示作为一个整体来看的一群人或一些事物，如people, family 等)。
如果普通名词所表示的事物是不能按个数来计算的，这类名词就叫不可数名词。
不可数名词分为物质名词(表示无法分为个体的物质，如meat, rice, water, milk, orange 等)和抽象名词(表示动作、状态、情况、品质等抽象概念，如work, homework, time, health, friendship等)。
四、可数名词、不可数需要注意六点1、可数名词是可以用来计数的名词。
可数名词有单数和复数形式。
如：desk-desks,apple-apples等。
不可数名词是不可以直接用来计数的名词。
不可数名词没有复数形式，只有单数形式。
如：some bread， a little milk等。
2、单数可数名词表示泛指时，前面要用不定冠词a(an)，表示特指时，前面要用定冠词the;而不可数名词前不能用a(an)修饰，表示特指时，前面一定要用定冠词the。
如：He is a factory worker. 他是一名工人。
No one can see air. 没有人能看见空气。
3、可数名词和不可数名词前都可以用some, any, a lot of, lots of 等来修饰，表示"一些，许多"。
如：There are some oranges on the desk. 桌子上有一些桔子。
There is a lot of water in the bottle. 瓶里有许多水。
4、可数名词前可用具体的数词来表示具体的数量。
如：two apples, four books等。
不可数名词前通常用"单位词+of"来表示数量。
如： a piece of paper, three pieces of paper 等。
5、可数名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数与主语的单复数保持一致。
如：This picture is very beautiful. 这幅画很美。
不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式，但是不可数名词前有复数"单位词"时，谓语动词要用复数形式。
如：There are two cups of tea on the table. 桌上有两杯茶。
6、对可数名词前的修饰语提问用how many; 对不可数名词前的修饰语提问用how much。
如：How many apples are there in the box? 盒子里有多少个苹果？How much tea is there in the cup? 杯里有多少茶水？注意：对不可数名词前的"单位词"的修饰语提问时，疑问词用how many。
如：How many pieces of bread are there on the plate? 盘子里有多少片面包？第二节名词所有格在英语中，特别是表示有生命的名词，可以加's表示所属关系，名词的这种形式我们称之为名词的所有格。
一、名词词尾加's的所有格1. 一般情况在名词后加's。
例如： That girl's coat is in the room. 那个女孩的衣服在房间里。
2. 在以s结尾的名词(包括以s结尾的复数名词)后面，只加 '。
如果复数名词不是以s结尾的，末尾也要加's。
例如：Today is September 10th, Teachers' Day. 今天是九月十日，教师节。
Children's Day is coming, I should buy something new for my son. 儿童节马上就要到了,我应该为我的儿子买一些新东西。
3. 表示词组内的并列名词各自的所有关系时，须在各个名词后加's；如果一个东西为两个人或者两个以上的人共同拥有，只在最后一个名词后面加's。
例如：They are John's and Kate's rooms. How beautiful they are! 这是约翰和凯特的房间。
它们(指房间)太漂亮了！He is Lily and Lucy's father. 他是莉莉和露西的爸爸。
4. 表示某人的家、店铺等的所有格，一般可以省略它后面所修饰的名词。
例如：My father and I will have dinner at the Johnson's (home ). 我爸爸和我将要去约翰逊的家吃晚饭。
We will have our hair cut at the barber's(shop) tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我们要去理发店理发。
5. 有些指时间、距离、国家、城镇等的名词，也可以加's构成所有格。
例如:There is something important in today's newspaper. 今天的报纸上有一些重要的东西。
It's about ten minutes' walk from school to our home every day. 每天从学校到我们家步行大约需要十分钟。
6. 英语名词所有格修饰的词，如果前面已经提到过，后面则可以省略，以防止重复。
例如：This is not Dick's dictionary, but is Tom's. 这不是迪克的字典，但是是汤姆的。
二、由of短语构成所的有格1. 表示“无生命的名词”一般与of构成短语，表示所有关系。
例如：There is a river on the other side of the road. 在公路的另一边有一条河。
2. 有时我们用名词 + of +名词所有格构成双重所有格的形式。
例如：This is a photo of Mr Brown's. 这是一张布朗先生的照片。