英语中的主谓一致

英语主谓一致

一般说来，谓语必须与主语在人称和数上保持一致，即主谓一致。主谓一致涉及三个方面：语法上一致，意义上一致，就近一致。

一、语法上一致

1 不可数名词、动名词、不定式、从句等做主语时，谓语通常用单数。

Much milk is offered to him. Reading aloud is very important in learning English.

To nod one’s head means agreement.What they said is true.

2 and连接主语时，注意以下几点：

1）由and, both…and 连接两个单数名词谓语用复数，但当and连接的两个名词指同一个人，同一物，同一事，同一概念时谓语用单数。

Both bread and butter were served for breakfast in this hotel.

The teacher and writer is going to give us a talk.

2) 凡是由each…and each…,every…and every… ,no…and no…, many a… and many a…连接名词作主语时谓语用单数。

Each man and each woman has a chance to be raised in our company.

No boy and no girl doesn’t go to school at the age of seven in this village.

3) 由and 连接的前置并列修饰语+不可数名词做主语时，谓语用复数。

Good and bad meat in the market are sold out.

4) 不可数名词+并列修饰语作主语时，谓语用单数。

Beer from the USA and Germany is much better that from Britain.

5) 凡由and连接两个带the(a或物主代词)的单数可数名词，谓语用复数，如果只有前一个名词带the(a 或物主代词)则谓语用单数。

The professor and the writer have published a few new books on radio.

The tenth and last chapter is written by a young man.

6)由and 连接的第二个名词短语表示否定或带有状语时，谓语的单复数与第一个名词一致。

The teacher, and perhaps his students too, is likely to be present.

7)What 从句的并列式作主语时，并列完整式常用复数，缩略式常用单数。

What he says and what he thinks have nothing to do with me. What I say and do is my own affair.

8) 由and 连接的两个疑问代词、不定式、动名词作主语时，根据意义一致的原则确定单复数。

When and where to build the new factory ________yet.(MET1991)

A is not decided

B are not decided

C has not decided

D have not decided

3 主语+介词（短语）：with, except, as well as, no less than, rather than, more than, over, besides, together with, like, including, in addition to等连接的名词时，谓语以介词（短语）前的主语为准，不受介词后的名词影响。

The man with hs daughters and sons is watching TV.

The girls as well as the teacher are dancing.

考例：1）E-mail, as well as telephones,______ an important role in our daily life(1999上海)

A playing

B play

C plays

D have played

2) A library with five thousand books_______ to the nation as a gift.(MET 1990)

A is offered

B has offered

C are offered

D have offered

4 不定代词either, each, one, another, anyone, anybody , no one, nobody, some one, somebody, anything, nothing, something, everything, everyone, everybody, neither等作主语时，谓语用单数，none做主语时，谓语单复数均可。There is nothing wrong with the machine.

Either of the shirts fits me very well.

None of the farmers has (have)been abroad.

5 many a (an) +名词和more than one +名词做主语时谓语用单数。

Many an apple is in the basket. More than one stamp has been collected by her.