转态译法(2)

2. Features of English and Chinese Passives
1). Peculiarities of English Passives (1). The wide use of the passive In the vast majority of cases the choice of the passive in English is due to one of the following reasons: A. When the active subject is known and need not be mentioned (施事已知不必言明） 施事已知不必言明） a). Visitors are requested to wait a while. 来宾请稍候。 b). The murderer was caught yesterday, and it is said that he will be hanged. 凶手已于昨日被捕，据说他将会被绞死。
2). Peculiarities of Chinese Passives (1). The rare use of the passive form Chinese passive forms are rarely used unless they express derogatory (or sometimes, commendatory) meaning. Following is a brief summary of those cases where the passive forms are used: A. Denote an action undesirable or unpleasant (不如意). 被： 被捕 be arrested， 被俘: be captured 让： 让人摆布 be ordered about 给： 给某人逼走be driven away by someone 叫：叫人说的一文不值: be said to be not worth a farthing
I. Passive sense conveyed in lexical items or word
groups (词汇手段表达被动意义） (1). Nouns referee (=to whom a question is referred to) 受委托者 his astonishment (=he was astonished) 他感到惊讶 the man’s trial (=the man was tried) 那个人受审问 (2). Adjs. respectable eatable (3). Pre. Phrases in one’s possession/ in the possession of someone under the influence (of alcohol) 酒醉
C. Passive forms of the gerunds I have the honor of being elected. D. Passive forms of the sentences led by preparatory “it”; It is considered a shame to cheat in exam. 考试作弊是 可耻的。 E. Passive forms of the verbs with double objects; He was given a prize. 他得了奖。 F. Passive forms of the verbs with complex objects; They needn’t be kept waiting. G. Double-passive forms; The date is expected to be announced soon. 估计日期 不久就会宣布。
1.
Definition
1). Conversion (bet. Actives and Passives) —the change from the active voice into the passive voice or vice versa in E-C and C-E translation so as to make the translated version conform with the idiomatic usage of the target language. 转态译法—就是在翻译过程中把原文的被动 转态译法 语态转换成译文中的主动语态，或是把原文 中的主动语态转换成译文中的被动语态。
The book is announced to be published. H. Passive sense in active form (pseudo-activity of the subject)（形式主动，意义被动） 形式主动，意义被动） a). These new products sell like hot cakes. 这些产品十分畅销。 b). The room filled rapidly. 房间很快就挤满了。 c). This kind of cloth washes very well. 这种布很经洗。 d). The clock winds up at the back. 这个钟在背面上发条。 e). The plan is working out. 这项计划正在制定。
B. When the active subject is unknown or cannot be readily stated. (施事未知或难以言明） 施事未知或难以言明） a). New factories are being built all over the country. 全国到处在兴建工场。 b). Another bridge will be built over the river next year. C. When the active subject is self-evident from the context (施事从上下文中可以不言自明） 施事从上下文中可以不言自明） a). She told me that her master had dismissed her. No reason had been assigned; no objection had been made to her conduct. She had been forbidden to appeal to her mistress. 她告诉我，她的男主人已解雇了她。男主人没 有讲明任何理由，对她的行为没有任何异议，也不 许她向女主人申诉。
Conversion between Active Voice and Passive Voice 转态译法
1.
Definition
2. Features of English and Chinese Passives
3. Methods to Translate English and Chinese Passives
为…所：这已为该组织所接受。 This has been accepted by the Organization. (2). The wide use of active forms to express passive sense. In Chinese there is almost no difference in form between the active and the passive, no inflexion of the verb, no transposition of the subject, even no passive label “被“ and the like before the verb. 被 Many Chinese verbs are active in form but passive in sense, i.e. there is disagreement between the syntactic and notional active or passive. We find in Chinese notional passives in most cases and syntactic passives only in a few cases. Here are some basic patterns in which active forms are used to show passive sense.
2). 主动句 主动句--适用于强调施动者，说明它的动作、 行为所起的作用。 The Active Structure—a structure having as the subject the person or thing doing the action. 3). 被动句 被动句—是主动句中处于宾语的受事者被 提到主语位置上，强调被动者（受事）的被 动地位和被动状态。句中有时带有被动意义 的标记，有时却不带这种标记。 The Passive Structure—a structure expressing an action which is done to the subject of a sentence.
挨：挨骂: get a scolding/a dressing down 受：受骗: be deceived, 受伤：be wounded 为… 所， 被…所， 让…给 她被花言巧语所陶醉。She is intoxicated with sweet words B. Denote an action desirable or pleasant (如意). 受： 受欢迎: be welcome, 受表扬: be praised 被：被评为先进工作者: be made an advanced worker C. Denote a neuter sense 由： 时间由他决定。The time will be decided by him. 这本书由三人合译。This book was jointly translated by three persons.
b). The toast was duly drunk. 宾主照例干杯。 D. When the active subject is not mentioned for some special reasons (tact or delicacy of sentiment) (使叙述 显得圆通、得体，或为了表达某种微妙的情绪） a). Some things have been said here tonight that ought not to have been spoken. 今晚有人在此讲了些不该讲的话。 E. When active subject is less important than the object: a). A child was run over by a motor car. 一个小孩被汽车轧了。 F. When the active subject is avoided for stylistic devices (to avoid incoherence on account of shifting construction) (出于造句的需要或修辞的考虑） 出于造句的需要或修辞的考虑） a). Black actually loved her and was loved in return. b). Language is shaped by, and shapes human thought. 人的思想形成了语言，而语言又影响了人的思想。来自百度文库
c). The ceremony was abbreviated by rain. 因为下雨，仪式举行得很简短。 (2). The Large Variety of Passive Patterns Passive forms of the finite verbs in 8 tenses commonly used; Passive forms of the non-finite verbs and their perfect tense; A. Passive forms of the infinitives I want the letter to be dispatched at once. B. Passive forms of the participles; You’ll find the topic being discussed everywhere.