2014考研英语翻译专有名词：经贸
2014年考研英语真题参考答案（翻译题）
2014年考研英语真题参考答案（翻译题） 2014年硕⼠研究⽣⼊学考试已经结束，为了⼤家更好的估分，店铺考研频道为您第⼀时间发布2014年英语考研真题及答案解析，欢迎⼤家阅读参考。
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2014年考研英语考试已结束，2014年考研英语翻译题参考答案，⼀起来看看吧! 2014年的考研英语终于在今天下午落下帷幕，今年的翻译题难度基本与往年持平，对于有些同学来说或略有简单。
预计平均分会等于或⾼于往年，下⾯我们逐个分析翻译的句⼦： 46. It is also the reason why when we try to describe music with words, all we can do is articulate our reactions to it and not grasp music itself. 此句考察的主要是it形式主语和时间状语从句，注意articulate our reactions to it的翻译，此处可理解为清楚的表达对⾳乐的反应，其他的部分我们⽐较好理解。
参考答案：这也是为什么当我们尝试⽤语⾔来描述⾳乐时，我们能清楚的表达对⾳乐的反应，但并没有领会⾳乐的精髓。
47. By all accounts he was a freethinking person, and a courageous one, and I find courage an essential quality for the understanding, let along the performance, of his works. 此句考察的是并列句与插⼊语，我们可以逐个翻译and链接的语群，重点理解by all accounts: 据⼤家所说。
let along the performance：更不⽤说表演，根据语境我们可以与作品⼀起翻译为：他作品和他演出。
经贸英语术语重点
Underwriting standards 承保标准Unsound management practices 不健全的管理行为Excessive leverage 过度举债Foreign direct investment 外国直接投资Credit crunch 信贷紧缩Budget deficit 预算赤字Capital flows 资本流动High yield 高收益Macroeconomic policy 宏观经济政策Trade protectionism 贸易保护主义Subprime crisis 次贷危机Subprime mortgage 次贷Tax haven 避税天堂Private/public sector 私/公营部门Public spending 公共开支Anti-dumping suit 反倾销诉讼Gross domestic product 国内生产总值Balance sheet资产负债表Property developer 房地产开发商Equity financing 增股筹资Retail sale零售额Corporate fleets 旗舰式公司Mini-depression 微型萧条Interbank rates 银行同业拆借率Money/credit supply 货币/信贷供给Junk bond 垃圾债券Corporate bond 公司债券Estate agent 房地产经纪人Mortgage brokers 抵押贷款经纪人Industrial output 工业产值Capital goods 资本货品Big-ticket items 高价物品Home appliance 家庭用具Job market 就业市场Credit rating 信用评级Migrant workers 农民工Down-payment 首付Slump=depression 萧条Command economy 计划经济Capitalist economy 资本主义经济Bad loan(non-performing loans)坏账Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development 经济合作发展组织Trade surplus/deficit/balance贸易顺/逆差/平衡Letter of credit 信用证Infrastructure 基础设施Competitiveness 竞争力Purchasing power parity 购买力平价Emerging economies 新兴经济体Newly industrializing economies 正在工业化的新经济体Engine of economic growth 经济增长的动力International trade 国际贸易The living standard 生活水平Foreign exchange 外汇Research and Development(R&D)programs研发计划Productive factors 生产要素Productivity生产率Production capability 生产能力Self-sufficiency 自给自足Association of Southeast Asian Nations 东盟Mercosur 南美共同体The Gulf Cooperation Council 海湾合作理事会Absolute advantage 绝对利益Comparative advantage 比较利益Factor endowment 要素禀赋The Leontief paradox 里昂惕夫悖论Product life-cycle 产品生命周期理论The “Gravity” model of trade 贸易的万有引力模式Mercantilism/t 重商主义/者Neo-Mercantilism/t新重商主义/者International division of labor 国际分工Opportunity cost 机会成本Production possibility frontier 生产可能性边界Zero-sum game 零和游戏Absolute cost disadvantage 绝对成本劣势Factor costs 生产要素成本The volume of production 产量Cost behavior 成本变动形态Manufactured items 工业制品Volume advantage 产量优势Quality products 高质量产品The Heckscher-Ohlin theory 赫-俄要素禀赋论Competitive advantage(edge) 竞争优势Home market 国内市场Production process 生产工序First-mover advantage 先人一步优势Economies of scale 规模经济The distribution of income 收入分配Introduction stage 引进阶段Technological breakthrough 技术上的突破Growth/maturity/decline stage 增长/成熟/衰退阶段Business executives 企业高层管理人员The trade cycle model 贸易周期模式Monopoly 垄断Entrepreneur 企业家Marketers 营销人员Export sourcing 寻找出口来源Voluntary export restrains(VERs) 自愿出口限制Non-tariff trade barriers非关税贸易壁垒Quota 配额Subsidies 补贴Infant industry 新兴工业National income 国民收入Consortium 联合合伙联合企业To pay lip service to something 口惠The big Three U.S. auto makers汽车制造业三巨头Get-tough approach 变得强硬的方法Bargaining tool 讨价还价的工具GM(genetically modified) food 转基因食品Coalition forces 联军Foreign exchange markets 外汇市场Im~/Export sector 进出口部门Securities 证券Current-account deficit 经常项目逆差Currency markets 货币市场Specific/Ad valorem tariff 从量/从价税Protective tariff 保护性关税Punitive tariff 惩罚性关税Cash grants 现金赠款Tax breaks 税额减免Foreign sourcing 国内公司采购外国配件Import substitution 进口替代Profit margin 利润率Customs inspector 海关检查人员Industrial structure 产业结构Preferential treatment 优惠待遇Equity participation in domestic firm 在国内公司中参股Trade sanction 贸易制裁Patent/copyright/labor law 专利/版权/劳动法The Universal Copyright Convention 万国版权公约Accord 国与国之间的协议Copyright piracy 版权侵犯Preferential Trade Arrangements 优惠贸易安排Free Trade Area 自贸区Customs Union 产业联盟Economic Union 经济联盟Political Union 政治联盟Im/emigration移民入/出境Regional economic integration 地区经济一体化Fiscal/employment/industrial policy 财政/就业/产业政策Intermediate product 中间产品Trade volume 贸易量Common market 共同市场European Economic Community 欧共体APEC 亚太经合组织Bilateral relations 双边关系Trading partner 贸易伙伴Economic powers 经济强国All-around dialogue-partnership prosperity 全面对话伙伴Strategic partnership 战略伙伴关系Exchange rate 汇率Foreign currency 外币Fixed exchange-rate 固定汇率Floating exchange-rate 浮动汇率Foreign exchange market 外汇市场International reserves 国际储备Central bank 中央银行Balance of payments 国际收支Balance-of-payments position(BOP position)（头寸）With offshore holdings 持有的海外资产Financial markets 金融市场（capital markets、money markets、foreign exchange markets）Currency regime 货币制度Power tools动力器械Current-account deficit 经常项目账户逆差Budget(budgetary) deficit 财政赤字Property market 房地产市场Rebate 退税Mutual fund 互助基金Insurance company 保险公司Original price 原价Counter offer 还盘Settlement of claims 理赔Certificate of Insurance 保险证Insurance policy 保险单Quotation报价。
经贸英语术语解释
出口信贷export credit出口退税the policy of tax refunds资源性产品resource products进口环节增值税import value-added tax对外工程承包contract to build overseas projects劳务输出provide labor services abroad国内投资环境domestic investment environment基础设施infrastructure项目融资project financing转让经营权the transfer of the rights of operation审批程序examination and approval procedures境外融资overseas financing擅自变相举债the unauthorized incurring of debts in disguised form贷款限额控制control on the loan ceilings资产负债比例assets-liabilities ratio适度从紧货币政策an appropriately stringent monetary policy微调slight readjustment监管supervision and control资源重复配置duplication资源优化配置to optimize the allocation of resources压锭重组reducing and regrouping spindles股权交易方式equity transaction methods资产运行质量the quality of asset operations 生产经营性国有资本productive and operational state-owned capital放开搞活decontrolling and invigorating股份合作制joint-stock partnership优化结构optimize structures产业升级upgrade the industry转换经营机制transformation of the operational mechanisms重组reorganization ；realignment减债增资reducing debts and increasing assets 一条龙开发coordinated development 以。
2014年北京外国语大学英语翻译基础考研真题
1 point each)
大部制：Giant department 石油输出国组织：OPEC（Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries） 生物圈 涨停板 浮动汇率 计划免疫：planned immunization ; planned immunity
technological wonders that have made any place in the world to be always
close with regard to distances and communications and have not been
capable of bringing well-being for everybody, but only for a meager 15%
3
3/7
2,中华的宇宙观“天人合一”见诸于文学是“物我交融”，主要理法是“比 兴”。见诸于绘画是“贵在似与不似之间”，主要理法是“外师造化，内得心 源”。在诗画历史 影响下的中国园林，追求的境界就必然是“虽由人作,宛自 天开。”主要理法是由“比兴”衍生的“借景”。设计序列为明旨一立意一相 地一布局一理微一余韵。在“人 与天调”前提下肯定人的主观能动性，“人 杰地灵”、“景物因人成胜概”。凡风景 必名胜是中国风景名胜区的特色。
scientific-technical wonders, has been reduced by the neo-liberal model
to this grotesque caricature full of exploitation and social injustice.
经贸英语翻译
例2：Business is a combination of all these activities: production, distribution and sale, through which profit or economic surplus will be created.
【原译】商务是指生成、配送、销售等一切活动的组合，通过这些活动， 创造利润和经济盈余。
【原译】普通货船：一种设计用来或单独或联合或平行地装载 诸如包裹、纸板箱、箱子、板条箱和圆桶等散装货物的货船。
此名称应为“杂货船”，原文列举的袋子、纸箱、箱子、半条 线、桶等都是杂货（break bulk）的包装物，这些包装货可单 独（individually）装载，也可成组（unitized）装载，或者托 盘化（palletized）装载。
• 术语对应性原则
术语对应性原则是指经贸文体中的术语翻译成另一种语言时仍是对应的 术语，即行话，而不是普通的语言。经贸英语涉及的门类广泛，大部 分词语都有其在各门类中特殊的术语含义，如trade mark，汉语术语 为“商标”，用于指定公司产品的名称或标记，一经注册，受法律保 护，不得冒用侵犯。
经贸行业内约定俗成的说法，也就是我们所说的“行话”，也就是我们 平时所说的业务英语。如knocking copy 为一广告学用语，指“攻击 性广告字眼”，译成其他的表达就是不地道，不是行话。
• 术语缩略
经贸英语中有许多术语缩略 ,构成了经贸 英语词汇中一个重要的组成部分 , 它们几乎都 是由主干单词的打头字母所构成 ,这是人们在 长期的使用过 程中逐渐演变的结果。
如: AM —Amendment 修改书 A/ O —Account of 进某帐 户 A/ P —Authority to Purchase 委托购买证 A/ V —According to value 按值 B/ C —Bill for Collection 托收票据 B/ D —Bank Draft 银行汇票 C/ N —Credit Note 收款通知 C/ O —Care of 提交 D/ D —Demand Draft 即期汇票
2014年考研英语阅读理解部分翻译
2014年考研英语阅读理解部分翻译真题译文+题目翻译但为君故但为君故 整理组Text 1为了“让生活变得更美好”以及减少“依赖”，英国财政大臣乔治·奥斯本引入了“求职预付金”计划。
只有当失业者带着简历到就业中心，注册在线求职并开始找工作，才有资格获得补助金——然后他们应该每周而非每两周报告一次。
有什么比这更合理呢？更加明显的合理性如下。
现在领取求职者补贴要等待七天。
“这前几天应该用来找工作，而不是办理失业登记（以获得救济金）。
”他说，“我们这样做是因为我们知道，这样会帮助人们摆脱补助并让依赖补助的人尽快就业。
”帮助？真的吗？乍一听，这是位关心社会的大臣，他努力改善人们的生活，包括对一个明显放纵的体系的“改革”，这个体系不要求新失业者付出多少努力去找工作，为其懒惰埋单。
我们将会知道，激励他的是他对“基本的公正”的热诚——保护纳税人，控制花费以及确保只有最值得帮助的申请者才能得到补助金。
失业是痛苦的：你不会内心歌唱并跳跃着到就业中心去，为从这个慷慨国度得到加倍收入的前景而欣喜。
在经济上它令人生畏，在心理感到难堪，并且你还知道那种扶持的微薄和非常难以得到。
现在没人需要你；你现在被排除在工作环境之外，那里会给予你人生的目标和体制。
更糟糕的是，失去了用以养家糊口和支付账单的至关重要的收入。
问任何新失业者他们想要什么，答案永远是：一份工作。
但是在奥斯本之国，你的第一反应就是坠入依赖——永远的依赖，如果你能得到的话——它由一个非常乐意放任你弄虚作假的国家所支持。
好像这二十年一直严厉的求职和补助金管理系统的改革从未发生过。
英国福利的原则不再是如果发生灾难，你能为自己投保失业险和得到无条件赔付。
甚至正是“求职者补贴”这个词语，在将失业者重新定义为“求职者”，他人通过缴纳国民保险金可享有补助，而求职者则没有这个基本权利。
作为替代，申请者得到的是一周71.70 英镑的限时“补贴”，条件是积极地找工作：没有津贴也没有保险，在欧盟这也是最小气之一了。
经贸英语怎么翻译
经贸英语怎么翻译把经贸分开来讲就是经济与贸易，英语翻译也是如此。
下面是店铺给大家整理的经贸英语怎么翻译，供大家参阅!经贸英语怎么翻译economy and trade经贸的英语例句除了与墨西哥的经贸合作，我们正在共同努力以确保尽快的识别并制止威胁，甚至在威胁到达北美之前。
With Mexico, in addition to trade cooperation, we are working together to identify and interdictthreats at the earliest opportunity, even before they reach North America.论坛期间，中美省州长们将举行对口会见，双方还将签署涉及经贸、教育、科技等领域的多个合作协议。
During the forum, governors from both countries will hold meetings and sign several cooperationdocuments in trade, education, science and technology and other fields.你和你的同事为贵国的外贸体制的改革提出了“宏观经贸”这个重要的新概念。
You and your colleagues proposed the significant new concept of “macroeconomics and trade”for reform in your foreign trade system.中方重视同巴西的经贸合作，一贯主张通过对话与合作，寻求互利共赢解决分歧的办法。
China values its economic cooperation and trade with Brazil and pursues a mutually beneficialresolution of disputes through dialogue and cooperation.胡锦涛在官方中央电视台上表示，中国应扩大与朝鲜的经贸合作。
经贸英语中的一些专业词汇整理
Key Terms For Unit 6
出口基地
Export base
轻工制造业
Light manufacturing
初级产品
Primary product
工业制成品
Finished industrial
粗加工、低附加值产 product
品
Roughly processed,
劳动密集型商品
资本密集型商品
生产要素
列昂剔夫悖论
消费者偏好
人力资本
实物资本
资本性支出
欠发达国家
资源禀赋
工业制成品
7
市场经济体
Country-similarity theory 国家相似理论
Home market
母国市场、本国市场
Factor endowments
要素禀赋
Pattern of trade
贸易模式/格局
Primary commodity
初级商品
Per capita income
人均收入
Lower-income country 低收入国家
Demand or reaction lag 需求或反应滞后
Imitation lag
直接投资
Intermediary
中介人,中间商
Domestic-based export agent 国内出口代理商
Commission
佣金
Trading company
贸易公司
Primary product
初级产品
Sales force
销售队伍
Know-how
经贸英语词汇
经贸英语词汇(M0)money in circulation 流通中的现金(M1) narrow money 狭义货币(M2) broad money 广义货币a minimum living standard system 最低生活保障系统Account 帐户Accounting equation 会计等式Accounting system 会计系统All Risks 一切险American Accounting Association 美国会计协会American Institute of CPAs 美国注册会计师协会Articulation 勾稽关系Assets 资产Audit 审计bad account 坏帐Balance sheet 资产负债表bear market 熊市blank endorsed 空白背书Bookkeepking 簿记bull market 牛市Business entity 企业个体Capital stock 股本cargo receipt 承运货物收据Cash flow prospects 现金流量预测catalogue 商品目录Certificate in Internal Auditing内部审计证书Certificate in Management Accounting 管理会计证书Certificate Public Accountant 注册会计师China Securities Regulatory Commission 中国证监会China's "Big Four" commercial banks中国四大商业银行close-ended fund 封闭式基金commission 佣金consignee 收货人Corporation 公司Cost accounting 成本会计cost and freightCFR 成本加运费价格cost insurance and freightCIF 成本加运保费Cost principle 成本原则Creditor 债权人cut a melon 分红dead account 呆帐Deflation 通货紧缩delivery 交货Disclosure 批露dividend，bonus stock 股息，红利downturn 低迷时期endorsed 背书enforce stockholding system 实行股份制Expenses 费用export department 出口部External users 外部使用者F.P.A.(Free from Particular A verage) 平安险F.W.R.D.(Fresh Water Rain Damage) 淡水雨淋险face value 面值fees－for－tax reFORM 费改税Financial accounting 财务会计Financial Accounting Standards Board 财务会计准则委员会Financial activities 筹资活动Financial forecast 财务预测Financial statement 财务报表foreign exchange reservers 外汇储备futures market 期货市场Generally accepted accounting principles 公认会计原则General-purpose inFORMation 通用目的信息genetically－modified products 基因改良产品Going-concern assumption 持续经营假设Government Accounting Office govern会计办公室Hook Damage 钩损险import department 进口部Income statement 损益表income tax 所得税indicative price 参考价格Inflation 通货膨涨Inquiry 询盘Institute of Internal Auditors 内部审计师协会Institute of Management Accountants管理会计师协会Integrity 整合性Internal auditing 内部审计Internal control structure 内部控制结构Internal Revenue Service 国内收入署Internal users 内部使用者Investing activities 投资活动knowledge-based economy 知识经济labour-intensive economy 劳动密集型经济Liabilities 负债Management accounting 管理会计marine bills of lading 海运提单national bonds 国债nationalize；nationalization 国有化Negative cash flow 负现金流量non-perFORMing loan 不良贷款non-work income 非劳动收入notify 被通知人open-ended fund 开放式基金Operating activities 经营活动order 订货outstanding of deposits 存款余额Owner's equity 所有者权益partial shipment 分批装运Partnership 合伙企业Positive cash flow 正现金流量press conference 记者招待会price list 价目表privatize；privatization 私有化proactive fiscal measures 积极的财政政策promote independent decision－making by state－owned enterprises提高企业自主权public relations department公关部publicly owned economy 公有经济recession 衰退时期rectify the market order 整顿市场秩序reduce state's stake in listed companies 国有股减持restraint of trade 贸易管制Retained earning 留存利润Return of investment 投资回报Return on investment 投资报酬Revenue 收入Risk of Intermixture and Contamination 混杂、玷污险Risk of Leakage 渗漏险Risk of odor 串味险Risk of Rust 锈蚀险sales terms and conditions销售条件Securities and Exchange Commission 证券交易委员会shareholding system; joint-stock system 股份制shipping order 托运单Shortage Risk 短缺险Sole proprietorship 独资企业Solvency 清偿能力specification 规格Stable-dollar assumption 稳定货币假设state stock reduction 国有股减持Statement of cash flow 现金流量表Statement of financial position 财务状况表steady monetary policies 稳健的货币政策Stockholders 股东Stockholders' equity 股东权益streghten the government's macro - regulatory functions 加强govern宏观调控作用Strikes Risk 罢工险T.P.N.D.( Theft,Pilferage & Non-delivery) 偷窃提货不着险Tax accounting 税务会计technology-intensive economy 技术密集型经济the Dow Jones industrial average 道琼斯工业平均指数the first majority shareholder 第一大股东the Hang Seng index 恒生指数thin trade 交易薄弱to become the majority shareholder/to take a controlling stake 控股to expand domestic demand 扩大内需value-added tax 增值税W.A./W.P.A(With A verage or With Particular A verage) 水渍险War Risk 战争险Window dressing 门面粉饰year-on-year 与去年同期数字相比的bull market 牛市，多头市场bear market 熊市，空头市场股息，红利dividend or bonus stock国民生产总值GNP (Gross National Product)人均国民生产总值per capita GNP产值output value鼓励give incentive to投入input宏观控制exercise macro-control优化经济结构optimize the economic structure输入活力bring vigor into改善经济环境improve economic environment整顿经济秩序rectify economic order有效地控制通货膨胀effectively control inflation非公有成分non-public sectors主要成分dominant sector实在的tangible全体会议plenary session解放生产力liberate/unshackle/release the productive forces 引入歧途lead one to a blind alley举措move实事求是seek truth from facts引进、输入importation和平演变peaceful evolution试一下have a go (at sth.)精华、精粹、实质quintessence家庭联产责任承包制family-contract responsibility system搞活企业invigorate enterprises商品经济commodity economy基石cornerstone零售retail发电量electric energy production有色金属nonferrous metals人均收入per capita income使负担be saddled with营业发达的公司going concerns被兼并或挤掉annexed or forced out of business善于接受的receptive增额、增值、增长increment发展过快excessive growth抽样调查data from the sample survey扣除物价上涨部分price increase are deducted(excluded)实际增长率actual growth rate国际收支international balance of payments流通制度circulation system总工资total wages分配形式FORMs of distribution风险资金risk funds管理不善poor management一个中心、两个基本点one central task and two basic points以经济建设为中心，坚持四项基本原则（1）社会主义道路（2）党的领导（3）人民民主专政（4）马列主义\*\*\*思想、坚持改革开放the central task refers to economic construction and two basic points are the four cardinal principles - adherence to the socialist road, to Communist Party leadership, to the people's democratic dictatorship and to Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought - and persisting in reFORM and opening.改革是"社会主义制度的自我完善和自我发展"。
国际贸易专有名词及翻译
1.Uneven distribution2. comparative advantage3. absolute advantage.4 cost advantage5 market share6 economies of scale7 labor /capital /tech/resourceintensive economy8 supplying /demanding country1.2.比较优势3绝对优势4.成本优势5.市场份额6 规模经济7劳动/资金/技术/资源密集型经济8供给/需求国9. Foreign/local currency10. Exchange rate11. Target market12.Export license13.Quota14. Cargo flow : import/export /transit trade9. 外/本币10. 汇率11. 目标市场12.出口许可证13. 定量、配额14: （进、出口、过境）贸易15.Credit referencemodity inspection17.Customs clearance18.Direct /indirect/ Entrepot trade19.International/Domestic trade20.Export license15.资信证明16.商检17. 清关、结关18. 直接、间接、转口贸易19.国际、国内贸易20 出口许可证21.General/Special trade22.Direct / Indirect trade23.Forms of good: Visible/ Invisible Goods trade24.：settlement instrument：Barter/ free-liquidation trade21. 一般贸易/特殊贸易22.直接/间接贸易23.有形、无形产品贸易24.易货、自由结算贸易mate’s receipt收货单、大副收据shipping note装货通知单the bill of lading提单shipping advice 发货通知书1.consumer durables2. quote a price3. cross-border transactions4.customary practice5.loading fee6.dividing line7.actual delivery1.耐用消费品2. 报价3. 跨境（国界）交易4. 惯例5. 装载费6. 分界线7. 实际交货１０．arrival contract11. Customs clearance12. Customs formalities13. delivery14. inspection15. Means of transport１０. 到达合同1１. 清关、结关1２. 报关手续1３. 交货1４. 检验1５. 运输工具16.Mode of transport17. Shipment contract18. Symbolic delivery19. Transfer of risks16. 运输方式１７．装运合同19. 象征交货20. 风险转移1: INCOTERMS 2010(Rules for the interpretation of Trade Terms 2010)2:ICC3:RAFD(Revised American Foreign Trade Definitions)4: QC1.2010年国际贸易术语(通则）2.国际商会3.美国对外贸易定义修正本4.质量控制、质量管理1.EXW (EX works) 工厂交货2.FCA (Free Carrier) 货交承运人3.CPT (Carriage Paid To) 运费付至4.CIP (Carriage and lnsurance Paid to) 运费、保险费付至5.DAT (Delivered At Terminal) 运输终端交货6.DAP (Delivered At Place) 目的地交货7.DDP (Delivered Duty Paid) 完税后交货8.FAS (Free Along Side) 船边交货9.FOB (Free On Board) 船上交货10.CFR (Cost and Freight) 成本加运费11.CIF (Cost, Insurance and Freight) 成本、保险加运费•1：FOB liner terms (FOB班轮条件) :•buyer for all•2：FOB under tackle（FOB吊钩下交货）:•buyer pays from the moment goods under the tackle•3：FOB –stowed（FOB包括理舱费）:•seller loading and stowing•4：FOB Trimmed （FOB包括平舱费）: seller loading、trimming •5：FOB stowed and trimmed （FOB包括理、平舱费•seller loading \stowing and trimming1、firm offers2、offeror3、offeree4、terminate5. acceptance6 Counter-offer7. enquiry8. irrevocable offer9 withdraw of an offer1.实盘2.发盘方（人）3.受盘方（人）4.终止5.接受6.还盘7.询价8.不可撤销发盘9.撤回发盘9 Validity period10quotation of an offer11Quote12CISG （United Nations Convention on Contracts of International Sales of Goods)９有效期10 报盘12 国际货物销售合同公约形式发票（Proforma Invoice）报价单（Quotation）订单(Order)Prices quoted should include insurance and freight to Liverpool.报价应包括到利物浦的保险费和运费•执事先生：••从澳大利亚大使馆得悉贵公司在澳大利亚是出口羊毛材料的一家大公司。
2014年北京外国语大学翻译硕士考研真题,真题解析,考研参考书,考研经验,考研笔记、参考书
初试注意五大要点：
1，要有一个安静的环境。不论在学校还是自己的家里什么的，要尽量给自己一个安静的环境。就这 么一次尝试，要珍惜这次机会。 2，心态要宁静。谈恋爱的，互相鼓励最好，生气闹别扭要不得。一气好几天都浪费过去了。和同学 老师家长都要和和气气的。一来考研就是你自己的事情，对别人不是什么天大的事情，别要求大家都 那么担待你。二来自己也要清楚，考研的事情，心浮气躁无益于事，你急不急，它都在那里，每天都 收获知识就行，别把自己所学的都暗暗换算成分数。 3，学习中回顾复习的功课要做到家。这可以说是最重要的一条啦。我们做过多少笔记，曾经有接触 过多少新的知识，但是很多重要的东西因为我们不去时常翻阅被遗忘了。复习不浪费时间，是在为我 们争取时间。涉猎众多，最后留下的才是自己的啊。大家都明白的。所以克服我们那种奇怪的心理， 回头去看看自己以前的笔记吧。 4，在北方，考研学习的最好时间就是初夏啦，4、5、6 月，天气不冷不热的，教室里的温度刚刚好， 最适合刻苦学习，所以一定要珍惜这段时间。到了冬天供暖未来之前，天气那么冷，大家去教室学习 的一定要穿厚点。不要怕丑，都要往厚里穿才行。 5，最后再说说初试以前用不用看文学的书。我的意见是要看的。以我个人为例，5、6、7、8 月份我 基本就是看了看文学和法语。英美的小说，中文的英文的能找到买到的我都看了一遍，有的喜欢的就 老是看。英美诗歌就放在床边翻看。这就是为了自己别对文学太生疏，也是调剂下心情。
英语翻译基础考研大纲
一． 考试目的
《英语翻译基础》是全日制翻译硕士专业学位研究生入学考试的基础课考 试科目，其目的是考察考生的英汉互译实践能力是否达到进入 MTI 学习阶段的 水平。
二、考试性质及范围： 本考试是测试考生是否具备基础翻译能力的尺度参照性水平考试。考试的范
对外经济贸易大学MTI2014年357英语翻译基础真题
对外经济贸易大学201 4年翻译硕士专业学位研究生入学考试初试试题考试科目：357英语翻译基础Part I Terminology and Phrase Translation (30 points)Section One: Translate the following terms rnto Chinese, Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET (10 points,l point each).1. Anti-Dumping Duty Order 6.par value2. countertrade w of diminis hing marginal utility3. holdingcompany 8.treasury bills4. workingcapital 9.zero sum game5. contingencyfund 10.niche marketSection Two: Translate the following terms into English.Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET (10 points,1 point each).1．即期汇票6．远期汇率2．资本流动性7．最低限价3．抵押贷款8．金融租赁公司4．指令经济9．微信5．机会成本10．雾霾Section Three: Give the full forms of the following abbreviations and translate them into Chinese. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET(10 pornts, 1 point each). l. MOOC 6. ICC2. TPP 7. ITC3. CAFTA 8. SBA4. CFR 9. UNCTAD5. GSP 10. USAIDPartⅡ Passage Translatron (120 points)Section One: Translate the following English passage into Chinese. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET (60 points).Global financial stability has improved over the past six months, bolstered by better macroeconomic performance and continued accommodative macroeconomic policies, but fragilities remain. The two-speed recovery-modest in advanced economies and robust in emerging market economies-has posed different policy challenges for countries. In advanced economies hit hardest by the crisis, governments and households remain heavily indebted, to varying degrees, and the health of financial institutions has not recovered in tandem with the overall economy. Emerging market economies are facing new challenges associated with strong domestic demand, rapid credit growth, relatively accommodative macroeconomic policies, and large capital infl.ows. Geopolitical riskscould also threaten the economic and financial outlook, with oil prices increasing sharply amid fears of supply disruptions in the Middle East and North Africa.The main task facing policymakers in advanced economies is to shift the balance of policies away from reliance on macroeconomic ar,d liquidity support to more structural policies-less "leaning" and more "cleaning of the financial system. This vnll entail reducing leverage and restoring market discipline, while avoiding financial or economic disruption during the transition. Thus, ongoing policy efforts to withdraw (implicit) public guarantees and ensure bondholder liability for future losses must build on more rapid progress toward stronger bank balance sheets, ensuring medium-term fiscal sustainability and addressing excessive debt burdens in the private sector.For policymakers in emerging market economies, the task is to limit overheating and a buildup of vulnerabilities- to avoid "cleaning" later. Emerging market economies have continued to benefit from strong growth relative to that in advanced economies, accompanied by increasing portfolio capital inflows. This is putting pressure on some financial markets, contributing to higher leverage, potential asset price bubbles, and inflationary pressures. Policymakers will have to pay increasing attention to containing the buildup of macro-financial risks to avoid future problems that could inhibit their growth and damage financial stability. In a number of cases, this will entail a tighter macroeconomic policy stance, and, when needed, the use of macro-prudential tools to ensure financial stability. Increasing the financial sector's capacity to absorb higher flows through efforts to broaden and deepen local capital markets will also help.Section Two: Translate the following Chinese passage into English. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET (60 points).中意两国都是拥有悠久历史和灿烂文化的文明古国。
2014年对外经贸大学MTI英语翻译基础考研真题
育明教育孙老师整理，来育明教于赠送资料，更多真题可咨询孙老师。
对外经济贸易大学2014年MTI考研真题I.Phrase Translation1.Anti-Dumping Duty Order反倾销税令2.counter trade对销贸易3.holding company控股公司4.working capital营运资本，流动资金5.contingency fund应急费用6.par value票面价值w of diminishing marginal utility边际效用递减/规律8.treasury bills(美国或英国的)短期国库券9.zero sum game零和博弈，又称零和游戏10.niche market利基市场11.即期汇票sight draft，demand draft12.资本流动性mobility of capital13.抵押贷款Mortgage Loan14.指令经济Command economy15.机会成本opportunity cost16.远期汇率forward rate17.最低限价floor price18.金融租赁公司Financial leasing company19.微信WeChat20.雾霾haze21.MOOC网络公开课(Massive Open Online Courses)22.TPP跨太平洋战略经济伙伴协议(Trans-Pacific Partnership)23.CAFTA东盟自由贸易区(China-ASEAN Free Trade Area)24.CFR成本加运费（Cost and Freight）25.GSP普及特惠税制度(Generalized System Of Preferences)26.ICC国际商会（International Chamber of Commerce）27.ITC国际贸易委员会(International Trade Commission)28.SBA小企业管理局(Small Business Administration)29.UNCTAD联合国贸易和发展会议(United Nations Conference on Trade and Development)AID美国国际开发署(United States Agency for International Development)ⅡPassage Translatron(120points)Section One:Translate the following English passage into Chinese. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET(60points).Global financial stability has improved over the past six months,bolstered by better macroeconomic performance and continued accommodative macroeconomic policies,but fragilities remain.The two-speedrecovery-modest in advanced economies and robust in emerging market economies-has posed different policy challenges for countries.In advanced economies hit hardest by the crisis,governments and households remain heavily indebted,to varying degrees,and the health of financial institutions has not recovered in tandem with the overall economy.Emerging market economies are facing new challenges associated with strong domestic demand,rapid credit growth,relatively accommodative macroeconomic policies,and large capital infl.ows.Geopolitical risks could also threaten the economic and financial outlook,with oil prices increasing sharply amid fears of supply disruptions in the Middle East and North Africa.The main task facing policymakers in advanced economies is to shift the balance of policies away from reliance on macroeconomic ar,d liquidity support to more structural policies-less“leaning”and more“cleaning of the financial system.This vnll entail reducing leverage and restoring market discipline,while avoiding financial or economic disruption during the transition.Thus,ongoing policy efforts to withdraw(implicit)public guarantees and ensure bondholder liability for future losses must build on more rapid progress toward stronger bank balance sheets,ensuring medium -term fiscal sustainability and addressing excessive debt burdens in the private sector.For policymakers in emerging market economies,the task is to limit overheating and a buildup of vulnerabilities-to avoid“cleaning”later. Emerging market economies have continued to benefit from strong growth relative to that in advanced economies,accompanied by increasing portfolio capital inflows.This is putting pressure on some financial markets, contributing to higher leverage,potential asset price bubbles,and inflationary pressures.Policymakers will have to pay increasing attention to containing the buildup of macro-financial risks to avoid future problems that could inhibit their growth and damage financial stability.In a number ofcases,this will entail a tighter macroeconomic policy stance,and,whenneeded,the use of macro-prudential tools to ensure financial stability.Increasing the financial sector’s capacity to absorb higher flows throughefforts to broaden and deepen local capital markets will also help.Section Two:Translate the following Chinese passageinto English.Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET(60points).中意两国都是拥有悠久历史和灿烂文化的文明古国。
经贸英语专业名词
financial crisis√A situation in which the value of financial institutions or assets drops rapidly. A financial crisis is often associated with a panic or a run on the banks, in which investors sell off assets or withdraw money from savings accounts with the expectation that the value of those assets will drop if they remain at a financial institution.trade barriers√Trade barriers are measures that governments or public authorities introduce to make imported goods or services less competitive than locally produced goods and services. Not everything that prevents or restricts trade can be characterised as a trade barrier.value chain√A high-level model of how businesses receive raw materials as input, add value to the raw materials through various processes, and sell finished products to customers. distribution channels√The chain of businesses or intermediaries through which a good or service passes until it reaches the end consumer. A distribution channel can include wholesalers, retailers, distributors and even the internet. Channels are broken into direct and indirect forms, with a "direct" channel allowing the consumer to buy the good from the manufacturer and an "indirect" channel allowing the consumer to buy the good from a wholesaler. Direct channels are considered "shorter" than "indirect" ones.fragmentation of the market√Emergence of new segments (in a previously homogeneous market) which have their own distinct needs, requirements, and preferences. These fragments reduce the effectiveness of mass marketing techniques and erode brand loyalty.ind ustry consolidation√Industry consolidation is a situation in which separate companies become one. It is sometimes described as a merger, although technically these are two different situations. In a merger, a new business is formed when one company absorbs the other; in a consolidation, companies join forces on relatively equal terms to form one new company. However, the two terms are often used interchangeably.supporting infrastructure√Services and supplies needed to sustain an organization in its day to day operations, such as communications, labor, power, transport, water.marketplace demands√(没找到)performance assessment√1. Reference: performance review.2. an appraisal of development or decomposition in memory, learning, or both via performance on capacity and achievement examinations.PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT: "The performance assessment results dictate that you achieved a score well above what you thought you would."performance focused culture√overall cost√1. In accounting, the sum of fixed costs, variable costs, and semi-variable costs.2. In the context of investments, the total amount spent on a particular investment, including the price of the investment itself, plus commissions, fees, other transaction costs, and taxes.brand strength√Brand Strength based on observing the brands current performance.Discussions of 'brand strength' or 'brand equity' sometimes suggest that these are abstract values, somehow quite separate from the brand's actual sales in the marketplace. Certainly we are assuming there are aspects of the brand's strength that may not be apparent just by looking at its marketplace performance. But this should not blind us to the fact that the most obvious evidence of a brand's relationship with its public is normally to be found in its sales. A brand that is struggling in the marketplace can only be said to be 'strong' in specific and limited ways, if at all.customer segment√All information about the customer that is held by the seller. This can include basic demographics, order history, or operational data such as the user ID and shipping address. Customer segments are dynamic; marketing managers define the criteria for including a customer in a customer segment. Customer segments can be the targets of campaigns. line extension√Multiproduct branding strategy whereby a firm markets one or more new products under an already established and well known brand name. The objective is to serve different customer needs or market segments while taking advantage of the widespread name recognition of the original brand. For example, maker of a popular perfume may introduce shampoos, bath soaps, body powders, etc., under the perfume's name. Line extension is encouraged by some marketing experts and frowned upon by others. Also called brand extension.brand extension√A common method of launching a new product by using an existing brand name on a new product in a different category. A company using brand extension hopes to leverage its existing customer base and brand loyalty to increase its profits with a new product offering. For brand extension to be successful, there usually must be some logical association between the original product and the new one. A weak or nonexistent association can result in brand dilution. Also, if a brand extension is unsuccessful, it can harm the parent brand.cost managemen t√Cost management is the process of planning and controlling the budget of a business. Cost management is a form of management accounting that allows a business to predict impending expenditures to help reduce the chance of going over budget.profit-and-loss statements√An official quarterly or annual financial document published by a public company, showing earnings, expenses, and net profit. Net income is determined from this financial report by subtracting total expenses from total revenue. The profit and loss statement and the balance sheet are the two major financial reports that every public company publishes. The difference between this statement and the balance sheet deals with the periods of time that each one represents. The profit and loss statement shows transactions over a given period of time (usually quarterly or annually), whereas the balance sheet gives a snapshot holdings on a specific date. also called income statement or earnings report. labor-intensive√A process or industry that requires a large amount of labor to produce its goods or services. The degree of labor intensity is typically measured in proportion to the amount of capital required to produce the goods/services; the higher the proportion of labor costs required, the more labor intensive the business.cash flow statements√One of the quarterly financial reports any publicly traded company is required to disclose to the SEC and the public. The document provides aggregate data regarding all cash inflows a company receives from both its ongoing operations and external investment sources, as well as all cash outflows that pay for business activities and investments during a given quarter.brand equity√：书P176第9段括号中内容customer equity√：书P176第9段括号中内容management accountancy√：书P226第四段第一句话decision accounting√：书P228第11段第1-2句话。
经贸英语如何翻译
经贸英语如何翻译经贸一看就是个合在一起的词，用英语翻译的时候，把这两者的单词合在一起便可以了。
下面是店铺给大家整理的经贸英语如何翻译，供大家参阅!经贸英语如何翻译economy and trade英 [iˈkɔnəmi ænd treid] 美 [ɪˈkɑnəmi ənd treid]经贸的英语例句1. All these have helped further development of Sino - US economic and trade ties.这些都有利于中美经贸关系的进一步发展.2. An international economic and trade exhibition will be held in Beijing.在北京将举行一次国际经贸展览会.3. Looking to the future, China has confidence in the development of Sino - US economic and trade co - operation.放眼未来, 中国对中美经贸合作的发展抱有信心.4. The Company international business, foreign labor service, economic and technology cooperation.公司从事贸易、对外劳务服务及经贸合作.5. At the same time, Venezuela and Cuba maintain close and trade relations.同时, 委内瑞拉同古巴保持密切的经贸关系.6. Economic and trade cooperation is another focus of our collaboration.开展经贸合作是我们合作的重要内容.7. Our close economic relationship with the Mainland dates back many years ago.香港与内地紧密的经贸关系,在很多年前就已经建立.8. They also regularly organise events to promote Hong Kong's image overseas.经贸处也定期举办活动,提高香港在海外的形象.9. High level international workshops and economic, technological, cultural and academic exchanges.将举办高层次的国际会议和经贸、科技、文化、学术交流等活动.10. Multilateral and bilateral economic and trade relations kept developing.多双边经贸关系继续发展.11. This will seriously test China - U.S. economic and trade relations.这将严重考验中美两国的经贸关系.12. They also organise events to promote Hong Kong's image.经贸办事处又定期举办活动,提高香港的形象.13. The annual Urumqi Economy & Trade Fair attracted many domestic and foreign traders.已同 100 多个国家和地区建立了经贸关系.14. Mutually Beneficial and Win - win Sino - African Economic and Trade Cooperation.互利共赢的中非经贸合作.15. Agriculture cooperation is an important part of the African trade cooperation.农业合作是中非经贸合作的重要组成部分.economy and trade的双语例句1. China's development has boosted the growth of global economy and trade.中国发展有力促进了世界经济和贸易增长.2. Technical trade barrier will have double impacts oneconomy and trade.技术性贸易壁垒对经济和贸易具有双重影响.3. Intellectual property has become a bridge linking technology, economy and trade.知识产权已成为连接技术、经济和贸易的纽带.4. English Business Correspondence is the core curriculum of International Economy and Trade major.《外贸英语函电》是国际经济与贸易专业的核心课程.5. Countries and regions are mutually complementary with each other in their economy and trade.各国和地区在经济和贸易上互相补充.6. The graduating student of 2009 studying in International Economy and Trade Major of Daqing Petroleum Institute.大庆石油学院国际经济与贸易专业09年应届毕业生.7. Shanghai is China's center of economy, finance, trade, science and technology, information and culture.上海是中国经济, 金融, 贸易, 科技, 信息,文化的中心.8. Theexchange rate of RMB an important role in our country's economy and international trade. "人民币汇率的变动对国内经济及对外贸易活动都有着重大的影响.9. Credit is the basis of trade in an economy, and it is also a social capital.信用是保证社会经济交易顺利实现的基础.信用是一种社会资本.10. Shipping industry is the basic industry of the national economy and international trade.航运业是国民经济和国际贸易的基础行业.11. She wants to create cap - and - trade mechanisms within industries rather than across the economy as a whole.她希望在企业内部建立配额交易机制而非整个经济体.12. Second, the article of trade friction on the Chineseeconomy and foreign trade development.其次, 文章分析了贸易摩擦对中国经济和外贸发展的影响.13. Network economy and exceed limit analysis, division of labor and specialization, trade charge is relevant couplet.网络经济与超边际分析、分工与专业化、交易费用相关联.14. With the development of world economy and multinational trade, the need for Business English is growing.随着世界经济和跨国贸易的发展, 社会对商务英语的需求也日益增长.15. That the Chinese economy and Sino - US bilateral and trade relations are very negative development.这对中国经济以及中美双边经贸关系的发展都十分不利.。
第三章 经贸翻译
尚未交付的订单 5）cable extension of L/C
电告信用证展期通知
6) All sales are final.
货物售出，概不退换。
3.1.2 语言明确
友谊饭店招聘接待人员 ——-男，二十二岁以下 ——-高中毕业
——-懂英语
——-无须有经验
有意应征者请将中文简历连同近照寄本市
550信箱，10月20日截止。
Friendship Hotel needs receptions
-Male, under 22
-High school graduate preferred -Knowing English -Experience not required Application in Chinese resume with recent
be allowed for over or short count. 双方同意，允许的数量误差为正负2% 。 句中over or short即为并列的反义词，其词义 需分别译出。
Exercises:
1) Should you find interest in any of the
3.1.4 措辞委婉
1）Enclosed please find a copy of our
price list. 随函寄上我方的价目表一份，请查收。 2）However ,up to the present writing, we have not had the pleasure of hearing from you. 然而，迄今为止未见贵方赐复。
3. 成对的同义词或相关的词 any and all 同义词或近义词并列结构有形容词性的并列结构，
经济贸易类等专有名词
经济贸易类等专有名词一、经济贸易类1. 改革产业结构 reform the structure of industries2. 亏损企业 loss-making enterprises3. 搞活企业 enliven enterprises4. 加快现代化步伐 quicken the modernization drive5. 跨国公司 transnational corporation / multinational corporation6. 乡镇企业 township enterprises7. 国有企业 state-owned enterprises8. 合资企业 joint ventures9. 解放生产力 emancipate/ liberate productivity10. 振兴国家经济 invigorate our state economy11. 实行股份制 introduce the shareholding system12. 全面深化改革 deepen reform all round13. 提高经济效益 improve economic results14. 增进效益 increase economic returns15. 宏观经济调控 macro-economic control and management16. 经济实力 economic strength17. 经济转轨 economic transformation18. 经营机制 operative mechanism19. 整顿经济秩序 rectify economic order20. 引进竞争机制 introduce a competitive mechanism21. 建立技术密集型企业 set up technologically-intensive enterprises22. 招商引资 canvass business and introduce investment23. 房地产 real estate24. 经济特区 special economic zone25. 基础设施 infrastructure facilities26. 豆腐渣工程 jerry-built projects27. 投资热点 investment hot spot28. 外向型经济 export-oriented economy29. 按劳分配 distribute according to the work performance30. 打破平均主义 break / abandon equalitarian31. 沿海开放城市 open coastal cities32. 保税区 bonded zone/ area33. 金融改革 banking system34. 国民生产总值 Gross National Product35. 扶贫项目 anti-poverty project36. 下海经商 plunge into the private business37. 协调发展 coordinate the development38. 住房改革 housing reform39. 社会保障体系 social security system40. 数字时代 digital times41. 信息高速公路 the information superhighway42. 虚拟社区 virtual communities43. “菜蓝子”工程the “shopping -basket” project ( the non-staple food project)44. 拳头产品 knock-out products/ competitive products45. 市场萧条 slack market46. 中国质量万里行China’s Long March to Quality campaign47. 冒牌产品 fake brand-name products48. 假冒伪劣商品 fake and poor quality commodities49. 谋取暴力 reap colossal profits50. 提出索赔 lodge a claim51. 投诉 lodge complaint52. 贸易争端 trade disputes53. 乱收费 random charges54. 市场疲软 sluggish market55 .贸易顺差 favorable trade balance56. 贸易逆差 unfavorable trade balance57. 实行优惠政策 launch a preferential policy58. 繁荣市场 flourish the market59. 加入世贸组织 accession to the WTO/ entry into the WTO60. 最惠国待遇 Most-Favored-Nation treatment61. 消费者协会consumer’s association62. 消费者购买力 consumer purchasing power63. 新兴市场 emerging market64. 抑制消费 control / inhibit consumption65. 无形资产 intangible assets66. 有形资产 tangible assets67. 市场占有率 market share68. 严重违约 grave breach of contract69. 泡沫经济 bubble economy70. 品牌效应 brand effect71. 企业重组 reshuffle of enterprises72. 贸易壁垒 trade barrier73. 人才流失 brain drain74. 清理“三角债” break up the debt chain75. 企业文化 corporate culture76. 商业炒作 commercial speculation77. 扩大内需,刺激消费 expand domestic demand and consumption78. 拉动经济增长 fuel economic growth79. 连锁反应 chain reaction / domino effect80. 竞争优势 competitive edge81. 经济结构调整 economic restructuring82. 经济增长点 economic growth point ; growth engine83. 经济过热 overheated economy84. 经济滑坡 economic downturn85. 集约化经营 intensive management86. 灰色收入 gray income87. 福利分房 welfare-oriented public housing distribution system88. 分期付款 installment payment89. 从粗放经济转变为集约经济shift from extensive economy to intensive economy90. 按揭购房 buy a house on a mortgage ; mortgage a house91. 边际效益 marginal benefit92. 不良贷款 non-performing loan93. 裁减冗员 lay off redundant staff; cut down on overstaffing94. 产品更新换代 upgrade of products95. 创业园 high-tech business incubator; pioneer park96. 促进全球经济一体化 foster integration with the global economy97. 家庭联产承包责任制 household contract responsibility system98. 人才战 competition for talented people99. 脱贫致富 shake/cast off poverty and set out a road to prosperity 100. 资源优化配置 optimizing the allocation of resources二、政治类101. 不正之风 bad / harmful practice102. 霸权主义 hegemonism103. 奔小康 strive for a better-off life104. 论资排辈 assign priority according to seniority105. 持续发展 sustainable development106. 重复建设 redundant project107. 大锅饭egalitarian practice ( of everyone taking food from the same big pot)108. 多极化 multi-polarization109. 科学技术是第一生产力Science and technology are the primary productive force.110. 机构臃肿 overstaffing in organization111. 机构改革 institutional restructuring; streamlining112. 反腐倡廉 fight corruption and build a clean government113. 窗口行业 service trade114. 核心竞争力 core competitiveness115. 减员增效 downsizing of staff and improving efficiency116. 减轻农民负担 reduce farmer’s burdens; lighten the burden on them 117. 跨越式发展 great-leap-forward development118. 跨世纪发展 trans-century project119. 民主集中制 democratic centralism120. 讲诚信﹑反欺诈 honor credibility and oppose cheating121. 强权外交 power diplomacy122. 人浮于事 overstaffing123. 侵吞公款 embezzle public funds124. 群带关系 networking through petticoat influence125. 求同存异seek common ground on major issues while shelving differences on minor ones126. 滥用权力 abuse one’s power; misuse one’s authority127. 廉政建设 build a clean and honest government128. 三步走战略 the three-step development strategy129. 三讲教育three emphases education — emphasize theoretical study, political awareness and good conduct130. 三峡工程 Three gorges project131. 贪污腐化 corruption and degeneration132. 思想僵硬 fossilized concept133. 西部开发 the development of China’s west134. 发展是硬道理 Development is an invariable truth135. 坚持四项基本原则 uphold the four cardinal principles136. 地方保护主义 regional protectionism137. 拜金主义 money worship138. 行贿受贿 give and take bribery139. 走后门 get in by the back door / enter by the back door 140. 和平演变 peaceful evolution141. 贪脏枉法 take bribes and bend the law142. 以权谋私 abusing power for money143. 拉关系 try to establish a relationship with sb.144. 权钱交易 trading power for money145. 扫黄运动 anti-pornography campaign146. 公款吃喝 enjoy banquet on public funds147. “一国两制”的原则 the principle of “one country, two systems:”148. 两大主题 two principle themes149. 坚持一个中国立场 stick to one-China position150. 全国人民代表大会 National People’s Congress151. 与国际接轨synchronize with the world; accord with international norms 152. 社会主义物质文明 socialist material wellbeing153. 社会主义精神文明 socialist culture and ideology154. 实现中华民族伟大复兴bring about a great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation155. 歪风邪气 unhealthy practices and evil phenomena156. 温暖工程 adequate food and clothing program157. 知识产权 intellectual property right158. 综合国力 comprehensive national strength159. 最低生活保障制度systems for ensuring a minimum standard of living160. 政企分开separate government functions from enterprise management161. 与时俱进 keep pace with the times162. 闲置人员 idle hand163. 养老保险 endowment insurance164. 以经济建设为中心focus on the central task of economic construction165. 下岗职工基本生活费 subsistence allowance for laid-off workers 166. 世界观﹑人生观﹑价值观 world outlook, outlook on life and values 167. 实事求是 seek truth from facts168. 试点工程 pilot project169. 政府廉洁高效 clean and efficient government170. 战略伙伴关系 strategic partnership三、教育与科学技术类171. 科技含量 technology content172. 科教兴国rely on science, technology and education to rejuvenate the nation 173. 可持续发展战略 strategy of sustainable development174. 工业园区 industrial park175. 技术密集型产品 technology-intensive product176. 新兴学科 new branch of science177. 边缘学科 frontier science178. 高速宽带互联网 high-speed broadband networks179. 电脑病毒 computer viruses180. 电子商务 e-commerce; e-business181. 黑客 hacker182. 数字地球 digital globe183. 局域网 local area network184. 人工智能 artificial intelligence185. 网上冲浪 web-surfing186. 网络世界 cyber world187. 网上犯罪 cyber crime188. 信息高速公路 information highland189. 网民 netizen190. 虚拟现实 virtual reality191. 克隆 cloning192. 基因工程 genetic engineering193. 转基因食品 genetically modified food194. “神舟六号”载人飞船 manned spacecraft Shenzhou VI195. 掌上电脑 palm computer196. 主页 home page197. 语音信箱 voice mail198. 网络经济 cyber-economy199. 网虫 netter; Internet geek200. 网恋 cyber romance; virtual romance201. 高精尖技术 high-grade, high-precision, advanced technology 202. 科技扶贫 support poor areas using technology203. 科研攻关 work towards key technological breakthroughs 204. 自费研究生 self-supporting graduate student205. 委托培养consign the training of personnel to a certain school206. 填鸭式教学 cramming method of teaching207. 启发式教学 heuristic education208. 复合型人才 interdisciplinary talent209. 论文答辩 thesis oral defense210. 素质教育 quality-oriented education211. 教书育人 impart knowledge and educate people212. 九年制义务教务教育 nine-year compulsory education213. 德智体美劳全面发展all around development of moral, intellectual,physical,aesthetics and labor ed ucation214. 知识产权 intellectual property215. 因材施教 teach students according to their aptitude216. 硕博连读a continuous academic program that involves postgraduate and doctoral study217. 双学位 double degree218. 双向选择 two-way selection219. 人才流失 brain drain220. 陶冶情操 cultivate one’s taste and temperament221. 学生减负 alleviate the burden on students222. 学术交流 academic exchanges223. 学科带头人 pace-setter in scientific research224. 德才兼备 have both political integrity and ability225. 攻读硕士学位 study for a doctoral degree226. 文科生 students of liberal arts227. 理科生 students of science228. 爱国主义教育 education in patriotism229. 择优录取 enroll the excellent students230. 毕业论文 graduation thesis231. 毕业设计 graduation project232. 义务教育 compulsory education233. 高等教育 higher education234. 选修课程 optional courses235. 主修课程 major courses236. 重点学科 key disciplinary areas237. 德智体全面发展的学生students who are well developed morally, intellectually and physically 238. 教育部 Ministry of Education239. 博士生导师 doctoral supervisors240. 世界观﹑人生观﹑价值观 word outlook, outlook on life and values四、文化社会生活类241. 彩票 lottery ticket242. 保健食品 health-care food243. 暴发户 new rich; upstart244. 民工潮farmer’s frenzied hunt for work in cities245. 下岗工人 laid-off workers246. 人口老龄化 aging/ graying population247. 人口高峰 baby boom248. 人口负增长 negative population growth249. 流动人口 moving population250. 收视率 viewing rate251. 售后服务 after-sale service252. 再就业工程 re-employment project253. 自由职业者 free lancer254. 性别歧视 sexual discrimination255. 性价比 cost performance256. 水货 smuggled goods257. 水土流失 soil erosion258. 文化渗透 cultural infiltration259. 跳槽 job-hopping260. 抢购 panic buying261. 甩卖 clearance sale262. 公益广告 public-interest advertisement263. 让利 offer discounts264. 出国热 craze for going abroad265. 社会福利制度 the social welfare system266. 享受公费医疗 enjoy public health care267. 世界卫生组织 World Health Organization (WHO) 268. 黄昏恋 twilight love 269. 贺岁片 New Year film270. 记者招待会 press/ news conference271. 卖淫嫖娼 prostitute oneself and visit prostitutes272. 制造假钞 make the false notes273. 吸毒者 a drug addict274. 出售黄色录像 sell obscene video tapes275. 传销 pyramid-selling; multi-level marketing五、环境法律医疗类等276. 温室效应 green-house effect277. 沙漠化 desertification278. 过度放牧 overgrazing279. 过度捕鱼 over-fishing280. 滥砍乱伐 clear-cutting281. 退耕还林 return cultivated land to forest282. 沙尘暴 sand storm283. 生态危机 ecological forest284. 破坏生态平衡 destroy / upset the ecological balance285. 自然保护区 nature reserve286. 环境绿化 environmental greening287. 禽流感 bird flu288. 疯牛病 mad cow disease/ BSE289. 口蹄疫 foot-and-mouth disease290. 非典 severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)291. 偷税﹑骗税 tax evasion and tax fraud292. 扫黄打非 eliminate pornography and illegal publications 293. 严打斗争 strike-hard campaign294. 公正合理的国际政治经济新秩序a new and rational new international political and economic order 295. 外交纷争 diplomatic disputes296. 维护世界和平 safeguard world peace297. 国际惯例 international common practice298. 民族分裂主义 ethnic separatism299. 宗教极端主义 religious extremism300. 世界的基本格局 basic world pattern。
第8讲：经贸翻译
借款人证明书，其格式基本上应遵照附录4规定的格式及其规定的附件。
Chapter 8: Translation of语的意思不被曲解，并使原文意思高度完 整、准确，更好地体现合同作为法律文书的严肃性。
第 一 节 文 体 特 点
It is the intent of the parties that all documents and annexes forming part hereof shall be read and taken together and that each and every provision or stipulation hereof be given full force, effect and applicability. However, in the event that one or more provisions or stipulations herein be declared null and void by the courts, or otherwise rendered ineffective, the remaining provisions and stipulations shall not be affected thereby.
一 节
项目施工过程中所产生的许可证费、税费及其他费用全部由承包方
负担。
项目执行、施工过程中所产生的许可证费、税费及其他费用均由承
包方负担。 文 Any supplement, modification or alternation agreed by both 体 特 parties shall be taken as an integral part of the Contract, and 点 has the equal legal force as the Contract itself. 成部分，并具有与合同同等的法律效力。
经贸英语的词汇(经贸英语中专用名词与常用词如何翻译)
经贸英语的词汇（经贸英语中专用名词与常用词如何翻译）翻译是异国文化交流的桥梁和纽带，语言作为一种工具来连接不同的文化，没有翻译可在非文化的真空环境中来进行。
因此，翻译经贸英语的专用名词和常用词也应遵循一定的原则，具体如下：首先、符合标准原则其次、名从主人原则名从主人原则是指以专名各自所在国家的官方或通用语言的标准发音为准音译,以便忠实于主权所有者、忠实于原文。
如:Potsdam Proclamation 波茨坦公告,Souel首尔(原译汉城)等。
此外，还应特别注意以下几点:1、有不少英语人名地名,即使拼写相同而读音在英国、美国却不一致,相应的译名也不一样,如Greenwich 英国标音为[′grinid3] ,译为“格林尼治”;美国标音为[′grinwit∫] ,译为“格林威治”。
如Berkeley英音为[′ba：kli]，美音为[′be：kli]，所以应分别译为“巴克莱”和“贝克莱”。
对这些专名,最好括注其所属的国家或地区,以示区别。
2、还有一些名字读音不规则，如Maugham不应译成“毛格姆”或“毛汉姆”，因其中的gh不发音，应译成“毛姆”。
其实，著名球星Beckham的规范译名是“贝克姆”，因为h不发音，不过现在的流行译名是“贝克汉姆”，只得“将错就错”罢了。
名从主人这一原则,只能原则性地说译名与原名“音同”。
可是各种语言文字本身在发音上就因人因地因时不同而有多样性和复杂性,而且又是从一种语言文字转成另一种语言文字,要达到绝对的“音同”是不可能的,只能相对“音同”或“音近”、“音似”。
为了达到更好的交流效果,对音译冗长难记的人名地名,从汉字译名特点出发,常采取省略轻读音的方法,如Scotland 译为“苏格兰”，William Shakespeare译为“威廉・莎士比亚” ，Worcester 译成“伍斯特”等，要力求译得音同意合。
最后、遵守约定俗成原则人们经过长期实践而确定或形成的其中一种事物的名称、形式或其中一种社会习俗称为“约定俗成”。
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2015重庆大学考博英语翻译专有名词：经贸
国庆长假过半，2015年备战考博的同学们是在某处郊游还是在家勤奋学习?国庆长假对于同学们来说是一个假期复习的黄金时期，所以育明考博考博英语辅导专家王瑾老师认为，不管你现在身在何处都要知道自己的肩负的重任，当然假期一味的埋头苦读不一定会取得事半功倍的效果，还是劳逸结合的学习更有利于身心的发展。
下面育明考博考博专家王老师为同学们整理了一些考博英语专有的名词，希望能够帮助同学们更好的记忆词汇。
联系我们扣扣：四九三三七一六二六。
电话：四零零六六八六九七八裁减冗员cut down on overstaffing;lay off redundant staff 财政赤字financial deficit
出口创汇型产业export-oriented industry
出口创汇型企业foreign exchange-earning enterprise
出口创汇能力capacity to earn foreign exchange through exports 出口加工区export processing zone;area for processing export products
房地产市场real estate market
反倾销anti-dumping
产权转让transference of title of property
多(跨)国公司multinational companies
多边贸易谈判multilateral trade negotiation
董事会board of directors
独立董事independent director
独立关税区separate customs territory
个人所得税personal income tax
关税壁垒customs barrier;tariff wall
国内生产总值gross domestic product(GDP)
本文由“育明考博”整理编辑。