跟郭老师学初中英语语法：复合句(附答案)

跟郭老师学初中英语语法：复合句近几年，河北中考对复合句的考查主要包括宾语从句、状语从句和定语从句。

从命题内容来看，侧重考查宾语从句引导词的选择及其语序、时态，状语从句引导词的选择及“当主句为一般将来时，从句用一般现在时”的时态用法，定语从句关系代词that，which和who 的选用。

从命题形式来看，多以单项选择、完形填空为主，一般分值在2～4分之间。

预计2016年，对宾语从句的考查仍然会是宾语从句的语序和时态，状语从句中引导词的选择和时态以及定语从句引导词的选择。

2011—2015年河北中考试题分析表(名词)年份题号题型分值2011 43，45 单项选择 22012 36，45 单项选择 22013 35，44，48 单项选择，完形填空 32014 38，40，45 单项选择 32015 40，49 单项选择，完形填空 21. 宾语从句指在复合句中充当宾语的从句，常常位于及物动词或介词之后，作宾语。

宾语从句的引导词是由宾语从句的句子类型决定的，常考的引导词有that，if，whether，what，which，when，where，how，why等，宾语从句中的时态由主句中谓语动词的时态来决定。

2. 直接引语指的是直接引用别人的原话，两边用引号标出；间接引语是指用自己的语言转述别人的话。

直接引语变间接引语时在句型、人称、时态、语序、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等方面都要进行变化。

3. 在复合句中修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等的句子叫状语从句，在句中起到状语的作用。

常考的状语从句有时间状语从句(由when，while，before，not…until等引导)、条件状语从句(由if，unless，as long as等引导)、原因状语从句(由because，since等引导)、结果状语从句(由so that，so… that…等引导)、目的状语从句(由in order that等引导)、让步状语从句(由though，although等引导)。

…4. 定语从句是指在句中作定语，用来修饰名词、名词性词组或代词的句子。

被定语从句修饰的名词、名词性词组或代词叫先行词，在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词叫关系词。

定语从句常用的关系代词有who，whose，that，which，关系副词有when，where，why 等。

①宾语从句与直接引语和间接引语用法例句当宾语从句或间接引语是由陈述句转换而来时，用that来引导从句或间接引语，其中的that无具体意义，一般可以省略。

He tells me (that) he is going shopping this Sunday.He said (that) the bank was near the hotel.当宾语从句或间接引语是由一般疑问句转换而来时，用if或whether来引导从句或间接引语，意思是“是否”。

从句或间接引语用陈述语序。

She asked me if / whether she could join us. He wondered if / whether the workers had finished the work.当宾语从句或间接引语是由特殊疑问句转换而来时，特殊疑问词就是宾语从句或间接引语的引导词。

从句或间接引语用陈述语序。

Do you know who broke the door? She asked me whose pen that was.1. 当宾语从句由一般疑问句转换而来时，引导词用if或whether，如果从句中有or not 或从句充当介词的宾语时，只能用whether。

如：I don’t know whether he will come or not.我不知道他是否会来。

She is worried about whether it is true. 她正担心着这件事是否是真的。

2. 宾语从句中，主句为一般现在时，则从句可以根据实际需要用各种相应的时态。

主句为一般过去时，则从句必须用过去的某种时态。

如：I remember he gave me a book yesterday. 我记得他昨天给了我一本书。

He told me that he would take part in the high jump. 他告诉我他将会参加跳高比赛。

3. 宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是know，remember，forget，learn等词时，从句可简化为“疑问词＋不定式”结构。

如：She doesn’t know what she should do next.＝She doesn’t know what to do next. 她不知道下一步该做什么。

4. 直接引语是祈使句，间接引语应改为“tell (ask，order等)sb.(not) to do sth.”句型。

如：“Don’t make any noise,” she said to the children.“不要制造任何噪音，”她对孩子们说。

→She told the children not to make any noise.她告诉孩子们不要制造任何噪音。

5. 在宾语从句或间接引语中如果叙述的是客观真理、客观事实等，不管主句是什么时态，从句都用一般现在时。

如：He said that light travels much faster than sound. 他说光比声音的传播速度要快得多。

6. 直接引语变为间接引语时，指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和某些具有方向性的动词要作相应的变化。

具体见下表：直接引语间接引语指示代词this / these that / those时间状语now / today then / that day yesterday / tomorrow the day before / the next day this week / next week that week / the next week two weeks ago two weeks before tonight / last month that night / the month before地点状语here there谓语动词come / bring go / take1. (2015河北)—Could you tell me ______? —Talking about festivals.A. how they are playingB. what they are doingC. where they are goingD. why they are practicing2. (2015邯郸一模) Cindy got a red skirt from her mother this morning. Do you know ______?A. what colour it isB. what it is made ofC. who gave it to herD. when she got it3. (2015保定一模) Those women are so excited! They are talking about ____ their weekends.A. how they will spendB. why they should spendC. when they will haveD. where they should have4. (2015石家庄裕华区模拟) If you don’t know the way, just buy a map, it will tell you _____.A. how can you get thereB. where you can get thereC. when can you get thereD. how you can get there5. (2015邯郸二模) He is looking at the map because he wants to know ______.A. what Handan isB. how old Handan isC. where Handan isD. how long Handan is6. (2015唐山路北区一模)—Many people are wondering ______ in the forest.—It’s reported that a burning cigarette bar caus ed it.A. what caused the fireB. when the fire happenedC. how did the fire happenedD. why did the fire happen7. (2015石家庄质量检测) I wonder ______.A. that the train will arrive on timeB. where did he goC. when did the train leaveD. who will stay with me8. (2015石家庄长安区一模) No one can be sure ______ in a million years.A. what man will look likeB. that will man look likeC. that man will look likeD. what will man look like9. (2015河北模拟经典二) I didn’t understand ______, so I raised my hand to ask.A. what my teacher saysB. what does my teacher sayC. what my teacher saidD. what did my teacher say10. (2015河北模拟拔高型) Our teacher told us that light ______much faster than sound.A. traveledB. travelsC. is travelingD. was traveling②状语从句分类连接词例句时间状语从句when / while / as，before，after，since，until，as soon asShe was cooking when someone knocked atthe door.He often went to the concert while he stayedin Berlin.I didn’t go to bed until she came back.条件状语从句if，as long as，unless I’ll go to see you if I have time.They will have a picnic unless it rains nextSunday.原因状语从句because，since，as，for He didn’t catch the first bus because he got up too late.We should study hard since we are students.目的状语从句so that，in order that Please say it in a loud voice so that everyone can hear it.结果状语从句so that，so…that，such…thatIt’s so hot that we want to go swimming.It is such a heavy box that nobody can moveit away.让步状语从句though / although，even if Although it’s raining hard，they are still working hard in the field.比较状语从句than，as…as，not as / so…as He ran as fast as Mike.11. (2015保定一模) Could you please explain the rules of the game ______we play?A. beforeB. whileC. sinceD. until12. (2015邯郸二模) When he ______ here tomorrow, I will give the book to him.A. cameB. comesC. will comeD. is coming13. (2015河北模拟拔高型) —Do you think when they ______ to play basketball with us?—I think they’ll come when they ______ free.A. come; areB. will come; will beC. will come; areD. come; will be14. (2015河北模拟结课B卷) I will tell you ______ Jim comes back from England.A. becauseB. even ifC. as soon asD. though15. (2015河北模拟密卷一) —Tom，do you know if Sam ______ to my party next week?—I think he will come if he ______ free.A. comes; will beB. will come; isC. comes; isD. will come; will be16. (2015邯郸武安七中模拟) If I find his phone number, I ______ you.A. tellB. toldC. will tellD. have told17. (2015石家庄新华区质量检测) I’ll go to see a film this afternoon as soon as the exam______ over.A. will beB. wasC. isD. be18. (2015石家庄栾城区模拟) —What’s your plan for tomorrow?—If Jim ______ to the cinema，I will go with him.A. goB. goesC. to goD. will go③定语从句分类引导词例句关系代词who，whom，which，that，whoseThe man who is working there is my brother.This is the book (that / which) I bought yesterday.The room whose window is open is mine.关系副词when，where，whyI still remember the day when you left for Beijing.This is the school where my mother works.定语从句中引导词只能用that的情况：(1)当先行词为anything，everything，nothing等不定代词时，只能使用that。